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Ethnobotany of Irular Tribe in Palamalai Hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

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Ethnobotany of Irular Tribe in Palamalai Hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 2(2), June 2011, pp. 250-255 Ethnobotany of Irular tribe in Palamalai Hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu T Umapriya, A Rajendran*, V Aravindhan, Binu Thomas and M Maharajan Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. Received 22 June 2010; Accepted 25April 2011 The present paper highlights the use of plants for various ailments by Irular tribe living in Palamalai Hills. A total of 50 plants species belonging to 47 genera and 31 families used by them as herbal medicines to treat several common diseases such as skin diseases, dysentery, cough and cold, cuts and wounds, etc. were documented. During present study it has been observed that the ethnobotanical systems and herbal medicines as therapeutic agents are of a paramount importance in addressing health problems of traditional communities. The indigenous knowledge available with these people plays an important role in quick and proper identification of natural resources. Keywords: Ailments Ethnobotany, Irulars, Palamalai hills, Tamil Nadu. IPC code; Int. cl. (2011.01)—A61K 36/00 Introduction In recent years some workers14-21 have reported India is rich in ethnic diversity and indigenous various medicinal plants used by Irular tribals in knowledge that has resulted in exhaustive Anaikatty hills, Siruvani hills and Maruthamalai hills ethnobotanical studies. There are over 537 different of Coimbatore district. There are no previous reports aboriginal groups in India with extensive knowledge on the documentation of knowledge of utilization of of plants1. Many quantitative and qualitative field medicinal plants for various ailments by Irular tribes surveys have documented on detailed utility of in Palamalai hills of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. specific plants for many aboriginal groups such as Hence, an attempt was made to collect and document Kadars2, Kanikars3, Irulars4-6, Malasars7, the ethnomedicinal knowledge from Irular tribe Malamalasars8, Malaiyalis9, Paliyars10, Todas and residing in the study area. Kotas11. Irulars are small tribal community in the part of Materials and Methods Dravidian language group which is spoken in south The present work was undertaken in the Palamalai eastern India. They belong to the Negrito (or Negroid) hills located in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, race which is one of the six main ethnic groups that South India. Palamalai is an offshoot of the Eastern add to the racial mosaic of India12. The origin of the Ghats geographically contiguous with the word “Irular” is not clear. Some surmise that, it is Billigrirangaa hills range as they reach out to merge derived from the Tamil word “Irual” implying the with the Western Ghats at Nilgiris. It lies at an dark complexion of the Irular, often being spotted by altitude of 1839 m above mean sea level and an villagers as distinct silhouettes in the forests and attitude of 1400 m on the Western Ghats (Fig. 1). The supporting their local name, the Forest People13. They ethnobotanical survey was carried out during October do not practice agriculture and therefore, fully depend 2009 to March 2010 among Irular population residing on forest produces and wild animals. Other in this area (Plate 1). occupations of the Irulars include intermittent farm The data on medicinal plants was recorded through labour and the legendary profession of snake interview, discussion and field observation with knowledgeable elder people using standard methods charming. adopted by Jain1 and Jain and Goel22 (Plate 2). Out of —————— 19, 10 were male and 9 female respondents under the *Correspondent author age group of 35 to 70 years. The information about E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +91-422-2428307 plants and their local names, parts of plant used for Mobile no: +91-9443587698 preparation of drug and mode of administration were UMAPRIYA et al: ETHNOBOTANY OF IRULAR TRIBE IN PALAMALAI HILLS, COIMBATORE 251 Fig. 1—Map showing the location of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu State, India documented in the field survey and it was confirmed Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil by cross-checking with respondents and also with the Nadu. already existing literature. The collected plant species were identified with Enumeration of plants help of Flora of Presidency of Madras23 and The ethnomedicinal information of 50 plant species confirmed by comparing authentic specimens in was collected and is enumerated below in the Madras Herbarium (MH) at Botanical Survey of alphabetical order. For each species listed, correct India, Southern circle, Coimbatore and through botanical names followed by family name (in recent floras and taxonomic revisions. The voucher parenthesis), vernacular name (VN), habit and habitat specimens were deposited at the Department of and medicinal uses are given. 252 INDIAN J NAT PROD RESOUR, JUNE 2011 Plate 1—Tribe Irulars settlements in the study area Plate 2—Interaction with tribe Irulars in the study area Abrus precatorius Linn. (Fabaceae); VN – Kundumani Andrographis echioides (Linn.) Nees Shrub, common in dry places. Root decoction is (Acanthaceae); VN – Gopuram-thangi given internally to cure cough and cold. Erect herb, common weed. Juice of leaves taken Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet (Malvaceae); orally to treat fever. VN – Thuthi Argemone mexicana Linn.. (Papaveraceae); VN – Annual herb, common along roadsides especially Pirammathandu in open scrub jungles. The infusion of the root is Herb, common in waste lands. Powdered seed is prescribed for fevers as a cooling medicine. applied externally to cure cracks at foot. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae); VN – Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. (Aristolochiaceae); Naayuruvi VN – Aaduthinnappalai Herb, common weed of roadsides and waste places. Herb, commonly found on dry soils. Decoction of Crushed leaves are applied externally on dog bite. the whole plant, mixed with castor oil is applied Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Corr. (Rutaceae) ; VN – Vilvam externally on the boils, skin diseases and snake bites. Tree, occasional in dry deciduous places. After Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae); VN – grinding, leaves and pepper are taken along with milk Vembu in morning to cure dyspepsia. Tree, common in dry forests and also cultivated. Allium cepa Linn. (Liliaceae); VN – Vengayam Decoction of the inner bark is given to children to Bulbous herb, cultivated. Bulb paste is applied expel stomach worms. externally on boils. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Roxb. (Poaceae); Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees VN – Mungil (Acanthaceae); VN – Nilavembu A large thorrny species, common in isolated Erect herb, found in dry forests undergrowth. Bark clumps, along roadsides. Leaves crushed and the paste extract is given orally to cure fever and skin diseases. is applied over cuts and wounds till cure. UMAPRIYA et al: ETHNOBOTANY OF IRULAR TRIBE IN PALAMALAI HILLS, COIMBATORE 253 Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br. Tree, common in dry deciduous forests. Fruit (Asclepiadaceae); VN – Erukku powder is given orally along with milk for infants to Shrub, common weed in disturbed areas around cure cold and cough. habitation. The milky latex is applied topically to treat Euphorbia hirta Linn. (Euphorbiaceae); VN – wounds caused by spines. Amman pacharisi Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. (Sapindaceae); Herb, common along roadsides and in open places. VN – Mudakkathan Crushed leaves mixed with coconut water and given Herb, common in waste places. The plant paste is in empty stomach to cure dysentery. applied externally for swellings joints and rheumatic Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (Convolvulaceae); VN – pains. Vishnukranthi Carica papaya Linn. (Caricaceae); VN – Pappali Herb, frequent across the plains. Leaf paste is Branchless tree, common in plains. Latex from the mixed with coconut oil and is applied topically to fruit is applied topically on bitten site of scorpion burn injuries. sting and snake bites. Indigofera tinctoria Linn. (Fabaceae); VN – Averi Cassia auriculata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae); VN – Under shrub, widely cultivated and also run wild. Avarai Paste of root bark is used topically as an antidote to Shrub, common on dry, stony soils across the snake bites. plains. Leaf paste is applied topically to treat scabies Jatropha curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae); VN – and to heal bone fractures. Kattu-amanaku Cassia tora Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae); VN – Tagarai Shrub; commonly grown as a hedge plant, Annual shrubby herb; available on roadsides, waste cultivated and naturalized. Latex is taken orally to places. Leaf paste is given orally to treat leprosy and cure stomachache and stem bark extract is taken ulcers. before eating for easy digestion. Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (Vitaceae); VN – Lablab purpureus (Linn.) Sweet (Fabaceae); VN – Perandai Avarai Herbaceous trailer, common along roadsides. Stem Twining shrub; cultivated and also run wild. paste is taken orally to cure stomachache and is Leaves are rubbed with some salt to extract the juice applied topically on the body to treat swellings. and applied on infected areas to remove ring worm. Cleome gynandra Linn. (Cleomaceae); VN – Veli Keerai Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae); VN – Herb, found on wastelands and dumping grounds. Unnichedi Juice extracted from fresh leaf is taken orally to cure Shrub, fairly common in disturbed areas. Leaves ear-ache. juice is applied externally to treat cuts and wounds. Coccinia indica Wight & Arn. (Cucurbitaceae); Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (Lamiaceae); VN – VN
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