Groundwater Modeling in Support of Water Resources Management and Planning Under Complex Climate, Regulatory, and Economic Stresses
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A GIS-Based Software to Simulate Groundwater Nitrate Load from Septic Systems to Surface Water Bodies
Computers & Geosciences 52 (2013) 108–116 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Computers & Geosciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cageo ArcNLET: A GIS-based software to simulate groundwater nitrate load from septic systems to surface water bodies J. Fernando Rios a, Ming Ye b,n, Liying Wang b, Paul Z. Lee c, Hal Davis d, Rick Hicks c a Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA b Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA c Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL, USA d 2625 Vergie Court, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA article info abstract Article history: Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), or septic systems, can be a significant source of nitrates Received 17 June 2012 in groundwater and surface water. The adverse effects that nitrates have on human and environmental Received in revised form health have given rise to the need to estimate the actual or potential level of nitrate contamination. 4 October 2012 With the goal of reducing data collection and preparation costs, and decreasing the time required to Accepted 5 October 2012 produce an estimate compared to complex nitrate modeling tools, we developed the ArcGIS-based Available online 16 October 2012 Nitrate Load Estimation Toolkit (ArcNLET) software. Leveraging the power of geographic information Keywords: systems (GIS), ArcNLET is an easy-to-use software capable of simulating nitrate transport in ground- Nitrate transport water and estimating long-term nitrate loads from groundwater to surface water bodies. Data Screening model requirements are reduced by using simplified models of groundwater flow and nitrate transport which Denitrification consider nitrate attenuation mechanisms (subsurface dispersion and denitrification) as well as spatial Septic system Nitrogen variability in the hydraulic parameters and septic tank distribution. -
Climate Models and Their Evaluation
8 Climate Models and Their Evaluation Coordinating Lead Authors: David A. Randall (USA), Richard A. Wood (UK) Lead Authors: Sandrine Bony (France), Robert Colman (Australia), Thierry Fichefet (Belgium), John Fyfe (Canada), Vladimir Kattsov (Russian Federation), Andrew Pitman (Australia), Jagadish Shukla (USA), Jayaraman Srinivasan (India), Ronald J. Stouffer (USA), Akimasa Sumi (Japan), Karl E. Taylor (USA) Contributing Authors: K. AchutaRao (USA), R. Allan (UK), A. Berger (Belgium), H. Blatter (Switzerland), C. Bonfi ls (USA, France), A. Boone (France, USA), C. Bretherton (USA), A. Broccoli (USA), V. Brovkin (Germany, Russian Federation), W. Cai (Australia), M. Claussen (Germany), P. Dirmeyer (USA), C. Doutriaux (USA, France), H. Drange (Norway), J.-L. Dufresne (France), S. Emori (Japan), P. Forster (UK), A. Frei (USA), A. Ganopolski (Germany), P. Gent (USA), P. Gleckler (USA), H. Goosse (Belgium), R. Graham (UK), J.M. Gregory (UK), R. Gudgel (USA), A. Hall (USA), S. Hallegatte (USA, France), H. Hasumi (Japan), A. Henderson-Sellers (Switzerland), H. Hendon (Australia), K. Hodges (UK), M. Holland (USA), A.A.M. Holtslag (Netherlands), E. Hunke (USA), P. Huybrechts (Belgium), W. Ingram (UK), F. Joos (Switzerland), B. Kirtman (USA), S. Klein (USA), R. Koster (USA), P. Kushner (Canada), J. Lanzante (USA), M. Latif (Germany), N.-C. Lau (USA), M. Meinshausen (Germany), A. Monahan (Canada), J.M. Murphy (UK), T. Osborn (UK), T. Pavlova (Russian Federationi), V. Petoukhov (Germany), T. Phillips (USA), S. Power (Australia), S. Rahmstorf (Germany), S.C.B. Raper (UK), H. Renssen (Netherlands), D. Rind (USA), M. Roberts (UK), A. Rosati (USA), C. Schär (Switzerland), A. Schmittner (USA, Germany), J. Scinocca (Canada), D. Seidov (USA), A.G. -
Numerical Study on the Hydrologic Characteristic of Permeable Friction Course Pavement
water Article Numerical Study on the Hydrologic Characteristic of Permeable Friction Course Pavement Tan Hung Nguyen 1 and Jaehun Ahn 2,* 1 Faculty of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nam Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam; [email protected] 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-51-510-7627 Abstract: The hydrologic characteristic of a permeable friction course (PFC) pavement is dependent on the rainfall intensity, pavement geometric design, and porous asphalt properties. Herein, the hydrologic characteristic of PFC pavements of various lengths and slopes was determined via numerical analysis. A series of analyses was conducted using length values of 10, 15, 20, and 30 m and slope values of 0.5%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% for the equivalent water flow path. The PFC pavements were simulated for various values of rainfall intensity, which ranged from 10 to 120 mm/h, to determine the time taken for water to flow over the PFC pavement surface. The results show that the time for water overflow decreased when the pavement length or rainfall intensity increased, and it increased when the slope increased. Finally, a series of design charts was developed to determine the time taken for water to flow over the PFC pavement surface for given rainfall intensities. Since this study was conducted based on numerical analysis, further studies are recommended to verify experimentally the results presented. Citation: Nguyen, T.H.; Ahn, J. Keywords: hydrologic characteristic; permeable friction course pavement; geometric design Numerical Study on the Hydrologic Characteristic of Permeable Friction Course Pavement. -
Sensitivity Study of Different Parameters Affecting Design of the Clay Blanket in Small Earthen Dams
Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 48, No. 2, 2015 pp.139-147 Sensitivity study of different parameters affecting design of the clay blanket in small earthen dams Ishtiaq Alam and Irshad Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Abstract Dams are structures that retain water for human services. Dams may be earthen, concrete, timber, steel or masonry made. On the basis of size, they may be small, medium and large. The main purpose of a dam is to divert the flow of water for the intended use. Flow of water cannot be stopped permanently even by the best dam ever made. Water may seep from dam body, abutments or the foundation bed below the body of the dam. To control seepage from the foundation bed, certain available methods like cutoff trench, cutoff walls, diaphragms, grout curtains, sheet pile walls and upstream impervious blankets are used. Upstream impervious blankets are considered more economical compared with the other methods mentioned above. The key parameters playing role in blanket efficiency are length of blanket, thickness of blanket, clay core width of the dam, foundation bed depth up to impervious zone, reservoir head, permeability of blanket material and permeability of bed material. This study is focused on the effect of these parameters in seepage control. Seep/W, a finite element method based software is used to model all the mentioned parameters within the individually selected ranges. The results based on the software analysis show that when the length of blanket is gradually increased, the seepage quantity reduces gradually until a specific length where the effect of further increase in length become meaningless. -
FHWA/TX-07/0-5202-1 Accession No
Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-07/0-5202-1 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Determination of Field Suction Values, Hydraulic Properties, August 2005; Revised March 2007 and Shear Strength in High PI Clays 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jorge G. Zornberg, Jeffrey Kuhn, and Stephen Wright 0-5202-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research 11. Contract or Grant No. The University of Texas at Austin 0-5202 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2004–August 2006 P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Determination of Field Suction Values in High PI Clays for Various Surface Conditions and Drain Installations 16. Abstract Moisture infiltration into highway embankments constructed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) using high Plasticity Index (PI) clays results in changes in shear strength and in flow pattern that leads to recurrent slope failures. In addition, soil cracking over time increases the rate of moisture infiltration. The overall objective of this research is to determine the suction, hydraulic properties, and shear strength of high PI Texas clays. Specifically, two comprehensive experimental programs involving the characterization of unsaturated properties and the shear strength of a high PI clay (Eagle Ford clay) were conducted. -
Water-Sciences Software Guide
Table of Contents In The Name Of God the Compassionate the Merciful ! "#$% Application of Computers in Water-Sciences :&' ' ) #* Seyyed Javad Hoseiny : +, #./ +- Dr. Mhohamad Aflatuni 84 ) ' August 2005 219 3 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, 34 5 6/ Table of Contents 1 Special Thanks 4 1 2 Abstract 5 2 3 Suggestions 6 3 4 Reason of Importance 7 4 5 Similar Researches 8 5 Detailed Guide for The First 6 9 #$% &' 12 !" # 6 Top 12 Software 7 Where to Find the Software 32 +,) # #$% &' () * 7 8 Software-Course List 33 /# .#$% &' -% 8 9 Rating Method 56 0# 1# 9 10 Initials & Expressions 58 23456 #!78 ,94 10 11 Full Software List 59 ,2/ " 7 6/ 11 12 CD Introduction 201 - %: 12 13 Website Introduction 202 - %: 13 To Those Who Are Whishing to # ;<4 0= >< 14 Continue Researching in This Field 204 14 * ? 15 Contact Us 205 / 15 16 Refrences and Resources 206 @8A B 16 17 What Do You Say? 218 + =C D 17 219 4 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, 8 ' 9' Special Thanks ,' =8 =' #= #= , # # E ;= 'F=G H ? # ) &)D # 8 :;= - =: 3 # * ) (# 7-) '=G4% 7) . (* D N' *#) ' 7-) 2HL ,M' ":0 7) . 7D# # 7) =(' . 5< 5< O4 P=QH #@N' ) #= ,-< 1='% / . (;LS.;-# 7:6 N' R=L#=Q7# =7 7H' R=L# (; * # S 7 )) 'H3 * / . ( L7- Griffith N' 7-) Graham Jenkins 7) . (; /# N' 7-) ,: =0 7) . (VS - E.#- N' 7-) 3 #U T L8 7) . (S Utah State N' # S 7-) Wynn R. Walker 7) . ., # '#< ' Back to Contents 219 5 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, :9-' 8; Abstract '# [7E #) VS &= ;XU36 ;-D#) Y;=(' ;) DS ? * Z .- E ? \ )S *=3 # =T= UG -
Numerical Modeling in Geoenvironmental Practice
Numerical Modeling in Geoenvironmental Practice By Craig H. Benson, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE o deling o f non-linear systems is now a regular Software Resources part of geoenvironmental engineering practice M due to Lh e ava il ability of inexpensive, high-speed A variety of powerful codes are available. The most PCs that utilize user-friendly software and graphical user common codes used for analysis o f vadose zone hydrol interfaces. Robust and effici ent solvers for no n-linear par ogy and unsaturated flow are 1-JYDRUS (www.pc-progress. lial d ifferential equations have also had a major irnpact com), UNSAT-H. (www.hydrology.pnl.gov or www.uwgeo on the practicality of geoenvironmental software packages. soft.org), VADOSE/W (www.geoslope.com), SEEP/W (www. Consequentl y, detailed analyses are being done in practice geoslope.corn), and SVFLUX (www.soilvision.com). that were not possible a decade ago. These include realistic HYDRUS is the most cornmonly used code in vadose zone assessrn ents of potential perfo rrn ance as well as "what if" hydrology worldwide, and can also be used to simulate scenarios. The rnost common analyses are associated with heat flow and contarninant transport in unsaturated rn edia. vadose-zone hydrology to predict the movement of water Other software packages cornrnonly used for contaminant in the vadose zone and i nteractions with the atmosphere. transpo 11 sirnulation in va riably saturated media include However, contarninant transport analyses in variably satu CTRAN/W (www.geoslope.com), CHEMFLUX (www.so il rated systerns are also becorning cornmonplace. -
SVSLOPE® Support for Multi-Plane Analysis (MPA™)
PRODUCT DATA SHEET SVSLOPE® Support for Multi-Plane Analysis (MPA™) SVSLOPE is the most advanced 3D slope stability analysis and slip surface search methods. The entire plane configuration process is designed so software available, with advanced searching methods that it is quick to perform on one or many planes at once. For example, the slope limits that are implemented to correctly determine the location may be defined for all planes at once by simply drawing a polygon that encloses the of the critical slip surface. The software provides you with area of interest on the 3D model. The slip surface search method is then automated, powerful 2D or 3D analysis for increased accuracy when with some options available to the user. calculating the factor of safety. Advanced probabilistic analysis or accommodation of spatial variation is possible Although there are multiple ways to create planes, the most common one, which with the software. SVSLOPE can be combined with was used in this case, is to simply select a point on each of the two banks. Planes SVFLUX™ to import pore-water pressures or SVSOLID™GT are then created along the slope automatically, at configurable distance intervals. to import soil stress conditions. The direction for each plane is automatically set based on the surface geometry. Each plane can be set to use multiple similar directions so that the critical direction Design and Analyze Different Locations Simultaneously is more likely to be found. Slope stability analysis is often targeted at topographically complex sites with features that vary greatly in three dimensions, or seemingly simple Results Collected and Aggregated into the Original 3D Model surface topology with strong and weak internal layers that vary across the for Visualization site. -
Numerical Analysis of Leakage Through Geomembrane Lining Systems for Dams
The First Pan American Geosynthetics Conference & Exhibition 2-5 March 2008, Cancun, Mexico Numerical Analysis of Leakage through Geomembrane Lining Systems for Dams C.T. Weber, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA J.G. Zornberg, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA ABSTRACT A numerical simulation was performed to characterize the effects of leakage through defects on the performance of dams with an upstream face lined with a geomembrane. The objective of this study was to determine how leakage through a lining system would affect the design of blanket toe drains in an earth dam. Toe drains decrease the pore pressure at the downstream face and keep the seepage line (or phreatic surface) below the downstream boundary. Simulations were conducted to determine the location of the phreatic surface in a homogeneous dam due to the presence of defects in the liner. Numerical simulations were also conducted to determine the length of the toe drain needed to prevent discharge from occurring on the downstream face of the dam. In addition, the effect of the elevation of the phreatic surface within the dam on the stability of the downstream face of the dam was analyzed. This study provides evidence on the benefits of using a geomembrane liner regarding the stability and toe drain in earth dams. 1. INTRODUCTION Geomembranes have been used as a solution to dam seepage problems since 1959, beginning in Europe (Sembenelli and Rodriguez 1996) and Canada (Lacroix 1984). These thin sheets of polymer have been used to make the upstream face watertight in roller-compacted concrete dams, to retrofit masonry and concrete dams, and as the main impervious layer in fill dams. -
Integrated Surface-Subsurface Water Flow Modelling of the Laxemar Area Application of the Hydrological Model ECOFLOW
R-07-07 Integrated surface-subsurface water flow modelling of the Laxemar area Application of the hydrological model ECOFLOW Nikolay Sokrut, Kent Werner, Johan Holmén Golder Associates AB January 2007 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 5864 SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00 Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19 CM Gruppen AB, Bromma, 2007 ISSN 1402-3091 Tänd ett lager: SKB Rapport R-07-07 P, R eller TR. Integrated surface-subsurface water flow modelling of the Laxemar area Application of the hydrological model ECOFLOW Nikolay Sokrut, Kent Werner, Johan Holmén Golder Associates AB January 2007 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se Abstract Since 2002, the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB) performs site investigations in the Simpevarp area, for the siting of a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel. The site descriptive modelling includes conceptual and quantitative modelling of surface-subsurface water interactions, which are key inputs to safety assessment and environmental impact assessment. Such modelling is important also for planning of continued site investigations. In this report, the distributed hydrological model ECOFLOW is applied to the Laxemar subarea to test the ability of the model to simulate surface water and near-surface groundwater flow, and to illustrate ECOFLOW’s advantages and drawbacks. -
Groundwater Modeling System Linkage with the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems
PNNL- 15654 Groundwater Modeling System Linkage with the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems G. Whelan K.J. Castleton February 2006 Prepared for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Division of Systems Analysis & Regulatory Effectiveness Rockville, Maryland 20852 under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062; ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: [email protected] Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. -
Modelling Peatlands As Complex Adaptive Systems
MODELLING PEATLANDS AS COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS Paul John Morris Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD of the University of London, 22nd July 2009. Following examination, minor corrections submitted February 2010. Department of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS United Kingdom. 1 Abstract A new conceptual approach to modelling peatlands, DigiBog, involves a Complex Adaptive Systems consideration of raised bogs. A new computer hydrological model is presented, tested, and its capabilities in simulating hydrological behaviour in a real bog demonstrated. The hydrological model, while effective as a stand-alone modelling tool, provides a conceptual and algorithmic structure for ecohydrological models presented later. Using DigiBog architecture to build a cellular model of peatland patterning dynamics, various rulesets were experimented with to assess their effectiveness in predicting patterns. Contrary to findings by previous authors, the ponding model did not predict patterns under steady hydrological conditions. None of the rulesets presented offered an improvement over the existing nutrient-scarcity model. Sixteen shallow peat cores from a Swedish raised bog were analysed to investigate the relationship between cumulative peat decomposition and hydraulic conductivity, a relationship previously neglected in models of peatland patterning and peat accumulation. A multivariate analysis showed depth to be a stronger control on hydraulic conductivity than cumulative decomposition, reflecting the role of compression in closing pore spaces. The data proved to be largely unsuitable for parameterising models of peatland dynamics, due mainly to problems in core selection. However, the work showed that hydraulic conductivity could be expressed quantitatively as a function of other physical variables such as depth and cumulative decomposition.