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An Introduction to Field Botany

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An Introduction to Field Botany 10/8/2020 Disclaimer All information contained within this presentation / video and all information on www.KnowYourWellness.org including recommendations of diet and supplements, is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to be used in place of a visit, call, consultation, or advice of your physician or other medical professionals. Should you have any healthcare-related questions, please call or see your physician or other healthcare provider promptly. Never disregard medical advice or delay in seeking medical advice because of something you have read or heard on www.KnowYourWellness.org. Additionally, the information from www.KnowYourWellness.org does not constitute or create a doctor-patient, therapist-patient, or other healthcare professional relationship between you or our Institute, Faculty, Board, Coaches or Adjunct Professors. All information and statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Purpose of this module: 1. How to understand the Brassicacea (Cruciferae) or Mustard Family What you will learn: 1. This family of plants has over 3700 species that have substantial economic value. 2. These species have been bread over millennia for life sustaining food crops 3. Surprisingly, many common foods world wide fit into these species. An Introduction to Field Botany With Steven Horne, RH(AHG) © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 1 10/8/2020 Lesson Six: Mustard Family © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Part One: Family Characteristics Brassicacea (Cruciferae) • The Mustard family consists of about 3,700 species of medium-sized and economically important flowering plants known informally as mustard flowers or crucifers • The importance of this family for food crops has led to its selective breeding throughout history. • Examples of cruciferous food plants are the cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, rapeseed, mustard, radish, horseradish, cress, wasabi, and watercress. 2 10/8/2020 Brassicacea • Flowers consist of 4 petals arranged in a cross (X) shape or an H-shape • They may be deeply split making it appear there are 8 petals • Mustards have 4 sepals and 6 stamens (2 stamens are short and 4 are long) • Flowers form a raceme on the stalk © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Brassicacea • Ovaries are superior and have two united carpels (bicarpellate) forming a single chamber. • Fruits are a unique kind of capsule (a dry fruit) called a silicle or silique. As they dry, the outside walls fall away, exposing the seeds and leaving a translucent interior. The shape of the fruits helps in identifying the plants • The leaves are alternate, sometimes organized in basal rosettes. Mustard Family Energetics • Mostly of herbaceous plants • Many species are germinate rapidly and are fast-growing with short lifespans • Flowers are short-lived and rapidly go to fruit and seed • Many grow in the spring and early summer • Often very “weedy,” like to grow in disturbed, barren soils and other inhospitable habitats (near the seashore, high altitudes, deserts, rocky areas, etc.) 3 10/8/2020 Very Safe Family • Many also have bright white, yellow and sometimes orange flowers • None are highly toxic and many are edible and medicinal • They are most easily distinguished by the various fruits they produce • Plants typically contain varying amounts of sulfur Sulfur Plants compounds (glycosides), giving them a warming stimulating quality • Sulfur acts on proteins and accelerates protein metabolism • Many of these plants aid digestion, especially the digestion of proteins • These sulfur compounds also aid liver detoxification and may be beneficial in boosting the immune system or fighting infection © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Part Two: Cruciferous Vegetables © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 4 10/8/2020 Brassica Genus • About 30 wild species and numerous cultivated varieties • Members of this genus are known as cruciferous vegetables • This genus includes mustard, rapeseed (canola), rutabaga, various cabbages, kale, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and turnips Photos from Wikipedia—Top: Brassica juncea (mustard), Bottom: Mustard seeds Brassica oleracea • Broccoli • Cabbage • Cauliflower • Kale • Collard greens • Brussel’s sprouts • Kohlrabi And others… © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Wild Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. oleracea) from Wikipedia Broccoli and Turnip Flowers Photos from Wikipedia © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 5 10/8/2020 Cabbage • B. oleracea var. oleracea • Contains indole-3-carbonol and other compounds which aid liver detoxification • Leaves have been used as poultices • Cabbage juice has been used to heal ulcers • Contains fermentable carbohydrates, which can cause intestinal gas • Fermented to make sauerkraut, a great food for probiotics and digestive health Cabbage Top: Wikipedia; Bottom: Adobe stock Broccoli • Brassica oleracea var. italica • Aids sulfation in the liver • High in vitamins C and K Broccoli photos from Wikipedia © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Cauliflower • Brassica oleracea var. botrytis • Orange cauliflower contains beta carotene • Purple cauliflower has anthocyanins Cauliflower photos from Wikipedia 6 10/8/2020 Kale • Brassica oleracea var. sabellica • One of the most nutritionally dense foods on the planet Kale photos from Adobe Stock and Thinkstock Brassica rapa • Turnip • Napa cabbage • Bok choy (B. rapa chinensis) • Broccoli rabe Turnip (top right) from Adobe Stock Below (right to left) fromm Wikipedia: Broccoli rape, Bok choy, Napa cabbage © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Raphanus Genus • Genus for radishes • Annual or biennial plant with attractive four-petal flowers of white to purple color but sometimes light orange to yellow Photos from Wikipedia © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 7 10/8/2020 • Not the garden flowers Nasturtium Genus known as nasturtiums (which are in a different family) • Best known for watercress (Nasturtium officinale), an aquatic mustard used as a food and condiment • Contains iron, calcium, folic acid and vitamin C • Be sure to harvest only from clean water Photo by Steven Horne Part Three: Medicinal Plants © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Mustards • Sinapis alba (right) is grown for its seeds to produce yellow mustard • There is also a black mustard (Brassica nigra) • Seeds of other species also have a mustard flavor 8 10/8/2020 Capsella Genus • Genus for Shepherd’s Purse, which is native to eastern Europe and Asia but is naturalized and considered a weed in many parts of the world • Commonly found in the spring, but can flower almost year round and is capable of producing several generations each year • Utah herbalist Max Barlow wrote an herb guide called “The Shepherd’s Purse” featuring Shepherd’s Purse as the first herb Capsella bursa-pastoris Photo from Wikipedia Capsella bursa-pastoris • Shepherd's Purse is so called from the resemblance of the flat seed-pouches of the plant to an old-fashioned common leather purse • Gently stimulates the kidneys and urinary tract • Relieves atonic catarrhal conditions and passive hemorrhage from the uterus and other organs • Inhibits increase in capillary permeability induced by histamine • Used for hemorrhoids, atonic enuresis, atonic menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, bleeding fibroid tumors, diarrhea and gout Isatis Genus • Isatis tinctoria (Dyer's Woad) • Native to the desert zones of Caucasus, central and western Asia and Eastern Siberia, but also found in central and southeastern Europe • Leaves have been an important source of indigo or blue dye since ancient times • Also used as a very cooling antiviral medicine Phots from Wikipedia—Isatis tinctoria, 9 10/8/2020 Indications for Isatis • Toxic heat • Epidemic • High Fevers meningitis • Sore throat • Herpes Simplex • Influenza • Shingles (topically and • Measles internally • Mumps • Contraindications • Scarlet fever • Cold chronic • Pharyngitis conditions. • Long term use. • Laryngitis • Hepatitis Lepidium Genus • Includes about 175 species found worldwide • Also known as peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort • The leaves, shoots and fruits are edible. Leaves have a watercress-like taste, which is good for salads • Some species form tumbleweeds • Includes maca Photos from Wikipedia—Top: Lepidium flavum, Bottom: I. latifolium Peppergrass Examples L. densiflorum L. virginicum L. Fremontii © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 10 10/8/2020 Lepidium meyenii (Maca) Photos from Adobe Stock © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org Maca Uses • Maca is an endocrine adaptogen, and it works to regulate the hormones in the body. • By promoting healthy levels of estrogen and progesterone, Maca is used to help women dealing with the hormonal flux of PMS and menopause. • A rich source of minerals, the plant works to strengthen the immune system and can be helpful in cases of anemia. • The naturally occurring iodine in Maca, can be used to aid iodine deficient hypothyroidism. • Maca is used to enhance sexual performance, believed to work through the adrenal glands raising energy and stamina. Armoracia Genus • Genus for horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) • Roots are used as a condiment and medicinally • Can be grown in gardens Photos from Wikipedia—Armoraciarusticana © 2020, www.KnowYourWellness.org 11 10/8/2020 Horseradish Uses • Urinary: urinary tract infection, urinary stones, edema • Respiratory: cough, bronchitis • Digestive: gallbladder problems, poor digestion, intestinal gas, intestinal worms • Structural: gout, rheumatism, sciatic pain; used topically for joint
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