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Cfreptiles & Amphibians WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES IRCF& AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 19(1):76–78189 • MARCH 2012 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: ChoosingOn the the Road Survivors?to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 A GIS-based Triage. TheSupport Shared History Tool of Treeboas for Micro-endemics: (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: Application to DataA Hypothetical for Mexican Excursion ............................................................................................................................ Amphibians Robert W. Henderson 198 Given the currentRESEARCH speed of land ARTICLES use change, a question is looming ever closer.. WillThe Texas it Hornedbe possible Lizard in Central to andconserve Western Texas every .......................- Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 thing? Or will limited. financialThe Knight Anole resources (Anolis equestris constrain) in Florida our efforts to just a subset of species? ............................................. Are we explicitlyBrian condemning J. Camposano, Kenneth spe L.- Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 cies to extinction? CONSERVATIONOr through the application ALERT of the maxim “choose the battles that. World’s you Mammals can win,”in Crisis .............................................................................................................................................................should we focus our 220 . More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 strategies and prevent. Thethe “Dow greatest Jones Index” number of Biodiversity of species........................................................................................................................................... extinc- 225 tions through the use of conservation triaging tools? OchOa- HUSBANDRY OchOa et al. (2011. Biological Conservation 144:2710–2718) . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 proposed a simple conservation triage method that evaluates the threat status of PROFILEdifferent species, assesses current potential threat abatement responses. Kraig Adler: derived A Lifetime from Promoting existing Herpetology policy ................................................................................................ instru- Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum Michael) habitat L. Treglia includes234 areas with unsuitable habitat outside the Xochimilco and Chalco wetlands. These unsuitable ments and social initiatives,COMMENTARY and combines both indicators to areas include federally protected areas, a World Heritage site, and envi- provide broad-scale indicators. The Turtles Have of Beenconservation Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ strategies that ronmental services program. Nevertheless, Eric Gangloff the238 most significant conserva- tion action that needs to be implemented for the long-term survival of A. would best suit eachBOOK area REVIEWunder consideration. The authors mexicanum is to increase the quality and quantity of water available within focused on micro-endemic. Threatened Mexican Amphibians amphibian of the World editedspecies. by S.N. Based Stuart, M. Hoffmann,its wetland J.S. habitats.Chanson, N.A.Hence, Cox, the prospects for this species are not strongly on locality records of 145R. Berridge,micro-endemic P. Ramani, and B.E. species, Young .............................................................................................................. they drew related to/dependent on the territorial Robert Powellpolicy 243instruments and social initia- buffered areas (AMBAs) in order to evaluate threats and the tives utilized in the present analyses. Photograph by Stan Shebs. CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 potential abatement response.NATURAL HISTORY To prioritize RESEARCH the REPORTSAMBAs,: Summariesthey of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 used existing and newly NEWBRIEFS compiled ...................................................................................................................................................................................... spatial databases of territo- 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION .....................................................................................................................................................rial conservation instruments, threats, 251 and amphibian range FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 distributions for Mexico. They identified 50% of Mexican micro-endemic amphibians as requiring urgent actions. Based on the location of the AMBAs, using the different conserva- Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. tion instrumentsBack Cover. Michael existing Kern in Mexico, recommending a conser- Totat et velleseque audant mo vationTotat etstrategy velleseque audantfor the mo majority of these species was possible. estibus inveliquo velique rerchil However,estibus inveliquo almost velique 25%rerchil urgently need field-based verification erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum toaut confirmdolor apicto inveretheir pe persistence, dolum due to the small percentage of fugiatis maionsequat eumque remnantfugiatis maionsequat natural eumquevegetation within the AMBAs, before any moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos sensibletur ma derrovitae conservation voluptam, asstrategy could be recommended. accullabo. This tool is only a coarse scale filter and should certainly not be used as the single tool for selecting and prioritizing strategies that could be implemented in the field. Nevertheless, because it is specifically focused on existing conservation Pozo Turipache Rainfrog (Craugastor pozo) habitat presents a high value conservation instruments index and a medium level of threat, which placed instruments and their implementation feasibility, it becomes a it in the ‘‘consolidation of conservation practices’’ category. However, basic starting point to reduce the gap between assessment and field-verified interactions between C. pozo and human activities (litter implementation while proposing an overarching conservation extraction to sell as organic fertilizer), suggest that this species is actually being subjected to greater pressures that those expected from the presence strategy. Based on these considerations, the use of this tool of existing instruments and initiatives. Implementation of a monitored would be useful to allocate (or re-allocate) resources to differ- litter extraction management program, in coordination with local com- ent sites within a country or region to reinforce and enlarge a munities, is urgently needed to preserve, restore, and maintain this species’ pre-existing conservation strategies network. This triage tool habitat and associated traditional land use practices. Thus, C. pozo habitat should be in the high conservation priority category, a judgment that was could also ultimately help to identify places too devastated not, however, reflected in the coarse scale analysis conducted during this to justify further conservation investment and where ex-situ study. Photograph by Sean Michael Rovito. strategies could be considered as better options. 76 CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 19(1):76–78 • MARCH 2012 Reptiles as Vectors or Mammalian Populations Decline with Hosts of the Chytrid Fungus Proliferation of Invasive Burmese Pythons Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by Batrachochytrium den- Invasive species represent a significant threat to global biodi- drobatidis, is considered to be a disease exclusively of amphib- versity and a substantial economic burden. Burmese Pythons ians. However, B. dendrobatidis may also be capable of persist- (Python bivittatus), giant constricting snakes native to Asia, ing in the environment, and non-amphibian vectors or hosts now are found throughout much of southern Florida, includ- may contribute to disease transmission. Reptiles living in close ing all of Everglades National Park (ENP). Pythons have proximity to amphibians and sharing similar ecological traits increased dramatically in both abundance and geographic could serve as vectors or reservoir hosts for B. dendrobatidis, range since 2000 and consume a wide variety of mammals harboring the organism on their skin without succumbing to and birds. Dorcas et al. (2012. Proceedings of the National disease. Using qPCR analysis, Kilburn et al. (2011. Diseases Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; pub- of Aquatic Organisms 97:127–134) surveyed for the pres- ence of B. dendrobatidis DNA among 211 lizards and eight snakes at eight sites at varying elevations in Panama where the syntopic
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