Net Primary Productivity Loss Under Different Drought Levels in Different Grassland Ecosystems
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Empirical and Model-Based Estimates of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Net Primary Productivity in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Northern China
RESEARCH ARTICLE Empirical and model-based estimates of spatial and temporal variations in net primary productivity in semi-arid grasslands of Northern China Shengwei Zhang1,2, Rui Zhang1, Tingxi Liu1*, Xin Song3, Mark A. Adams4 1 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China, 2 Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 3 College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 4 Swinburne University of a1111111111 Technology, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Spatiotemporal variations in net primary productivity (NPP) reflect the dynamics of water and carbon in the biosphere, and are often closely related to temperature and precipitation. OPEN ACCESS We used the ecosystem model known as the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) to Citation: Zhang S, Zhang R, Liu T, Song X, A. Adams M (2017) Empirical and model-based estimate NPP of semiarid grassland in northern China counties between 2001 and 2013. estimates of spatial and temporal variations in net Model estimates were strongly linearly correlated with observed values from different coun- primary productivity in semi-arid grasslands of ties (slope = 0.76 (p < 0.001), intercept = 34.7 (p < 0.01), R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 35 g CÁm-2Á Northern China. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187678. year-1, bias = -0.11 g CÁm-2Áyear-1). We also quantified inter-annual changes in NPP over https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187678 the 13-year study period. NPP varied between 141 and 313 g CÁm-2Áyear-1, with a mean of Editor: Ben Bond-Lamberty, Pacific Northwest 240 g CÁm-2Áyear-1. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
2005 Report on the State of the Environment in China
2005 Report on the State of the Environment in China State Environmental Protection Administration Table of Contents Environment....................................................................................................................................7 Marine Environment ....................................................................................................................35 Atmospheric Environment...........................................................................................................43 Acoustic Environment ..................................................................................................................52 Solid Wastes...................................................................................................................................56 Radiation and Radioactive Environment....................................................................................59 Arable Land/Land Resources ......................................................................................................62 Forests ............................................................................................................................................67 Grassland.......................................................................................................................................70 Biodiversity....................................................................................................................................75 Climate and Natural Disasters.....................................................................................................81 -
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 MOFTEC Copyright © 1996 MOFTEC ii Contents Contents Article 16 5 Article 17 5 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 2 Article 1 2 Chapter 3 - Foreign Economic and Technical Coop- eration in Border Regions 6 Article 2 2 Article 18 6 Article 3 2 Article 19 6 Chapter 2 - Border Trade of Small Amount 3 Article 20 6 Article 21 6 Article 4 3 Article 22 7 Article 5 3 Article 23 7 Article 6 3 Article 24 7 Article 7 3 Article 25 7 Article 8 3 Article 26 7 Article 9 4 Article 10 4 Chapter 4 - Supplementary Provisions 9 Article 11 4 Article 27 9 Article 12 4 Article 28 9 Article 13 5 Article 29 9 Article 14 5 Article 30 9 Article 15 5 SiSU Metadata, document information 11 iii Contents 1 Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions (Promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation and the Customs General Administration on March 29, 1996) 1 China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 2 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 3 Article 1 4 With a view to strengthening and standardizing the administra- tion on border trade of small amount and foreign economic and technical cooperation of border regions, preserving the normal operating order for border trade of small amount and techni- cal cooperation of border regions, and promoting the healthy and steady development of border trade, the present provisions are formulated according to the Circular of the State Council on Circular of the State Council on Certain Questions of Border Trade. -
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(6):13759-13776
Wang et al.: Estimation of evapotranspiration for irrigated artificial grasslands in typical steppe areas using the METRIC model - 13759 - ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FOR IRRIGATED ARTIFICIAL GRASSLANDS IN TYPICAL STEPPE AREAS USING THE METRIC MODEL WANG, J.1,2 – LI, H. P.1,2 – LU, H. Y.1,2* – ZHANG, R. Q.1,2 – CAO, X. S2 – TONG, C. F.2 – ZHENG, H. X.2 1State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China 2Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot, China *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (Received 5th May 2019; accepted 16th Jul 2019) Abstract. Irrigated artificial grasslands can help in achieving a large amount of forage in the Inner Mongolia typical steppe areas of China. However, developing irrigated artificial grasslands requires the consumption of water resources, and also affects the hydrological cycle. In this study, mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) model has been used to estimate regional evapotranspiration during the crop growth season (from May to September) in irrigated artificial grasslands in 2011. The results were verified based on the data obtained from eight monitoring points of irrigated silage maize farms using water balance method, with a mean relative error value of 13.8%. The average evapotranspiration for irrigated artificial grasslands during the crop growth season is 611.42 mm. To further analyze the consumption of local water resources, concept of groundwater consumption (GW) is proposed. The GW value for irrigated artificial grasslands during the crop growth season was estimated to be 457.96 mm; the GW values at each of these farms, including Woyuan cow, Maodeng, Baiyinxile, Hezhongmumin, exceeded 400 mm. -
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Ecological Security in a Typical Steppe Ecoregion in Inner Mongolia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 27, No. 4 (2018), 1601-1617 DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/77034 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2018-02-21 Original Research Spatiotemporal Assessment of Ecological Security in a Typical Steppe Ecoregion in Inner Mongolia Xu Li1, Xiaobing Li1*, Hong Wang1, Meng Zhang1, Fanjie Kong1, Guoqing Li2, Meirong Tian3, Qi Huang1 1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China 2Institute of Geography and Planning, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China 3Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, P.R. China Received: 15 June 2017 Accepted: 15 September 2017 Abstract Ecological security is the comprehensive characterization of the noosystem’s overall collaborative capacity in relation to human welfare within a whole society. Recent years, however, have witnessed the excessive exploitation of natural resources via anthropogenic activities that have consistently triggered or accelerated ecological deterioration. In addition, an adequate ecological security assessment has yet to be conducted in a steppe ecoregion, especially when considering that the steppe is the major ecoregion category in China. In this study, we selected a typical steppe ecoregion in Inner Mongolia, northern China, as a representative region to conduct a spatiotemporal assessment of ecological security from both global and local perspectives. Along with an evaluation indicator system constituting 25 separate indicators covering three different systems (society, economy, and nature), we applied an improved grey target decision-making method in the initial indicator conversion process. As it pertains to weight determination, we employed a weight calculation method that weighed all indicators synthetically. -
Human Brucellosis Occurrences in Inner Mongolia, China: a Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Ecological Niche Modeling Approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2
Jia and Joyner BMC Infectious Diseases (2015) 15:36 DOI 10.1186/s12879-015-0763-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Human brucellosis occurrences in inner mongolia, China: a spatio-temporal distribution and ecological niche modeling approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2 Abstract Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations worldwide. Few geographic studies of human Brucellosis have been conducted, especially in China. Inner Mongolia of China is considered an appropriate area for the study of human Brucellosis due to its provision of a suitable environment for animals most responsible for human Brucellosis outbreaks. Methods: The aggregated numbers of human Brucellosis cases from 1951 to 2005 at the municipality level, and the yearly numbers and incidence rates of human Brucellosis cases from 2006 to 2010 at the county level were collected. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were integrated to study the distribution of human Brucellosis cases over 1951–2010. Results: Results indicate that areas of central and eastern Inner Mongolia provide a long-term suitable environment where human Brucellosis outbreaks have occurred and can be expected to persist. Other areas of northeast China and central Mongolia also contain similar environments. Conclusions: This study is the first to combine advanced spatial statistical analysis with environmental modeling techniques when examining human Brucellosis outbreaks and will help to inform decision-making in the field of public health. Keywords: Brucellosis, Geographic information systems, Remote sensing technology, Ecological niche modeling, Spatial analysis, Inner Mongolia, China, Mongolia Background through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products Brucellosis, a common zoonotic disease also referred to [4]. -
CHINA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
CHINA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 12 October 2012 CHINA 12 OCTOBER 2012 Contents Preface REPORTS ON CHINA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 24 SEPTEMBER 10 OCTOBER 2012 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.05 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 1.06 Languages ........................................................................................................... 1.07 Population ............................................................................................................. 1.08 Naming conventions ........................................................................................... 1.10 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.12 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Poverty .................................................................................................................. 2.03 Currency ................................................................................................................ 2.05 3. HISTORY ................................................................................................................. -
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 MOFTEC copy @ lexmercatoria.org Copyright © 1996 MOFTEC SiSU lexmercatoria.org ii Contents Contents Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Eco- nomic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions (Promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation and the Customs General Administration on March 29, 1996) 1 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 1 Article 1 ......................................... 1 Article 2 ......................................... 1 Article 3 ......................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Border Trade of Small Amount 1 Article 4 ......................................... 1 Article 5 ......................................... 2 Article 6 ......................................... 2 Article 7 ......................................... 2 Article 8 ......................................... 3 Article 9 ......................................... 3 Article 10 ........................................ 3 Article 11 ........................................ 3 Article 12 ........................................ 4 Article 13 ........................................ 4 Article 14 ........................................ 4 Article 15 ........................................ 4 Article 16 ........................................ 5 Article 17 ........................................ 5 Chapter 3 - Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation in Border Regions -
Up to Jan 16, 2012)
Current Location: Project Information Newly Approved Projects by DNA of China (Total: 76) (Up to Jan 16, 2012) Estimated Project Ave. GHG No. Project Name Project Owner CER Buyer Type Reduction (tCO2e/y) Ningxia Zhongwei China Power Investment Xiangshan Wind-farm Corporation Ningxia China Power Renewable 1 Energy Aluminium Group Treasure Boat Limited 87,402 Investment Corporation energy Zhongwei New Energy Fanjiazhai 49.5MW Co., Ltd. Project Guodian Shuozhou Guodian Shuozhou Haifeng Hutoushan Renewable Shell Trading International 2 Haifeng Wind Power Co., 84,611 Phase II 49.5MW Wind energy Limited Ltd. farm Project Guodian Shuozhou Guodian Shuozhou Haifeng Liujiayao Renewable Shell Trading International 3 Haifeng Wind Power Co., 89,489 49.5MW Wind farm energy Ltd. Ltd. Project Henan Biyang China Resources New Renewable 4 Zhongtian Wind Power Energy (Biyang) Wind Unilateral project 91,087 energy Project Power Co., Ltd. Guangdong Xinyi China Resources New Renewable 5 Qianpai Wind Power Energy (xinyi) Wind Unilateral project 77,916 energy Project Power Co., Ltd. Datang Qiubei Renewable Datang Qiubei Wind 6 yangxiongshan Wind EDF Trading Limited 85,261 energy Power Co., Ltd. Power Project Henan Yuxi Yanshan Sanmenxia Huayang Renewable 7 Wind Power Project Power Generation Co., EDF Trading Limited 88,254 energy Ltd. Tuokexun Wind Farm Datang Tuokexun Wind Renewable 8 Phase II Project Power Development Co., EDF Trading Limited 87,450 energy Ltd. Yunnan Eryuan Renewable Datang Eryuan Fengyu 9 Qilongshan Wind Power EDF Trading Limited 96,653 energy Wind Power Co., Ltd. Project Yunnan Eryuan Fengle Renewable Datang Eryuan Fengyu 10 EDF Trading Limited 89,550 Wind Power Project energy Wind Power Co., Ltd. -
Discovery of a Late Miocene Mammalian Fauna from Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, and Its Paleozoogeographical Significance
Article Geology February 2011 Vol.56 No.6: 526–534 doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-4259-0 SPECIAL TOPICS: Discovery of a Late Miocene mammalian fauna from Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, and its paleozoogeographical significance DENG Tao1*, LIANG Zhong1,2, WANG ShiQi1, HOU SuKuan1,3 & LI Qiang1 1 Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; 2 China Geological Library, Beijing 100083, China; 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received May 10, 2010; accepted October 27, 2010 The Wulanhua Fauna (~7 Ma) derives from the basal part of Late Miocene red clays in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia. Chi- nese red clay deposits are rich in fossils of the Hipparion fauna, and are relatively widely distributed across Shanxi, Shaanxi, He- nan, and Gansu provinces. The Mongolian Plateau also contains well-developed Neogene deposits, especially in central Inner Mongolia, where a sequence of mammalian faunas has been identified. The discovery of the Wulanhua Fauna provides an impor- tant indicator of the paleogeographical distribution of the Hipparion fauna, and this study also contributes to a better understand- ing of the climatic and environmental significance of red clays. Most forms of the Wulanhua Fauna are the same as or close to taxa within the Baode Fauna. However, some forms are slightly more derived than those of the Baode Fauna, which may indicate a slightly younger geological age of about 7 Ma. The components of the Wulanhua Fauna suggest that the habitat was a typical steppe and therefore yield direct evidence to delineate the boundary between the east and west subregions of the Late Miocene Hipparion fauna in North China. -
Impact of Climate Change on the Water Requirements of Oat in Northeast and North China
water Article Impact of Climate Change on the Water Requirements of Oat in Northeast and North China Hao Jia 1,2 , Ting Zhang 1,2, Xiaogang Yin 1,2, Mengfei Shang 1,2, Fu Chen 1,2, Yongdeng Lei 1,2,* and Qingquan Chu 1,2,* 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (T.Z.); [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (F.C.) 2 Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Q.C.); [email protected] (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731207 Received: 22 October 2018; Accepted: 30 December 2018; Published: 8 January 2019 Abstract: Crop water requirements are directly affected by climatic variability, especially for crops grown in the areas which are sensitive to climatic change. Based on the SIMETAW model and a long-term meteorological dataset, we evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of climatic change impacts on water requirement of oat in North and Northeast China. The results indicated that effective rainfall showed an increasing trend, while the crop water requirement and irrigation demand presented decreasing trends over the past decades. The water requirement of oat showed significant longitudinal and latitudinal spatial variations, with a downtrend from north to south and uptrend from east to west. Climatic factors have obviously changed in the growth season of oat, with upward trends in the average temperature and precipitation, and downward trends in the average wind speed, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and solar radiation.