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Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2021) 164: 147-164 BULLETIN OF THE MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION Foreign Edition 2021 164 ISSN : 0026-4563 E-ISSN : 2651-3048 CONTENTS Research Articles Production of high purity thorium oxide from leach liquor of complex ores Bulletin of the Mineral ..................................................Ayşe ERDEM, Haydar GÜNEŞ, Çiğdem KARA, Hasan AKÇAY, Akan GÜLMEZ and Zümrüt ALKAN 1 Petrographic characteristics of deep marine turbidite sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Tanjero Formation, Northwestern Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: implications for provenance and tectonic setting .................................................................................................................................Hasan ÇELİK and Hemin Muhammad HAMA SALİH 11 Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (13C and 15N) ................................................................................................................................................................................ Demet Banu KORALAY 39 Organic geochemical characteristics, depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential of bituminous marls in Bozcahüyük (Seyitömer/Kütahya) Basin .......................................................................................................................................................................... Fatih BÜYÜK and Ali SARI 53 Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and arti cial neural networks ......................................................................................................Aylin TAN, Gündüz HORASAN, Doğan KALAFAT and Ali GÜLBAĞ 75 Clay Mineralogy and Paleoclimatic Properties of the Neogene Deposits in Sinanpaşa Basin (Afyon-Western Anatolia) ............................................................................................................................................................. Elif AKISKA and Zehra KARAKAŞ 93 Late Cretaceous-middle Eocene olistrostromal pelagic units in the Biga Peninsula (NW Anatolia); Balkkaya formation .........................................................................................................................................Serdar AKGÜNDÜZ and İzver ÖZKAR ÖNGEN 119 Some criteria used in determining paleoshorelines, examples from Turkey and Rhodes Island Research and Exploration ...............................................................................................................................................................................................Okan TÜYSÜZ 147 Role of the Cretaceous normal faults on the formation of the Eocene (Pontide) fold-thrust belt structures in offshore Akcakoca- Amasra area, Western Black Sea basin, Turkey ...................................................................................................................................................... Özgür TÜRKMEN and İbrahim ÇEMEN 165 Systematics, biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental investigation of early Ypresian Alveolina assemblages in the northern part of Isparta Angle (Keçiborlu, Isparta, SW Turkey) ....................................................................................................................................................Alper BOZKURT and Muhittin GÖRMÜŞ 183 Impact of solid waste on groundwater quality in selected dumpsites in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using resistivity and hydrochemical data Abraham Christopher UDOH, Augustine Ifeanyi CHINWUKO, Ajana Godwin ONWUEMESI, Emmanuel Kenechukwu .............................................................................................ANAKWUBA, Augustine Oyonga OYONGA and Ayatu Ojonugwa USMAN 231 Optimization of leaching conditions for extraction of magnesium from a chromite bene ciation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite .................................................................................Hakan ÇİFTÇİ, Bekir ARSLAN, Ayşegül BİLEN, Zeyni ARSOY and Bahri ERSOY 251 Geology of the Yeşilyurt gold deposit: an example of low-angle normal fault-related mineralization, Eastern Anatolia-Turkey ................................................................................................ Esra YILDIRIM, Nail YILDIRIM, Cahit DÖNMEZ and Kurtuluş GÜNAY 261 http://bulletin.mta.gov.tr Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Notes to the Authors.............................................................................................................. 281 Some criteria used in determining paleoshorelines, examples from Turkey and Rhodes Island Okan TÜYSÜZa* aIstanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Maslak Campus, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey Research Article Keywords: ABSTRACT Paleoshoreline, Sea- Shorelines are important boundaries separating the erosional and the depositional areas. Determining levelchange, Rock boring the location of the shorelines in geological time sand how it changes by the time is one of the organisms, Coastal major problems of geology. The most accurate estimate of the location of the shoreline, which is a morphology, Eocene and Quaternary coastal dynamic structure, in the period when it was exist is very important in palaeogeographic studies. sediments. The determination of coastal changes by the time provides valuable information on active tectonic sand climate, and the relationships between these two. The most basic approach to determine the paleoshoreline is to estimate the geological events on the sea and land sidesand thus to estimate the location of it indirectly. For this purpose, if the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the depositional environments from land to shore and from there to the basin and which land part and how fed this environment can be revealed, the location of the shoreline can be estimated. Incontrast, some field observations provide direct and much more precise data for identifying the paleoshorelines. In this paper, it will be introduced how somerock-boring organisms, wave-cut feature sand coastal sediments can be used to estimate the paleoshorelines based on two examples of Received Date: 21.01.2020 Quaternary sediments in Hatay and Rhodes Island along th Mediterranean coastand on some Eocen Accepted Date: 28.03.2020 esediments in the vicinity of Çorum, Central Anatolia. 1. Introduction and most reliable methods of determining time limits in geology is to reveal local or regional unconformities Although determining a "moment of time" is often or discontinuities in deposition. The unconformity not possible for the past geological events, the shortest plane represents a wide period of time between the possible "time slice" is considered as the "moment of erosional and depositional periods. However, if the time" and the geological events that occurred in this age and depositional conditions of the first sediments period are interpreted as if they occurred at this moment. above the unconformity can be determined precisely, For example, while preparing a paleogeographic map these data provide valuable information on both the for the Santonian period (85.8 to 83.5 million years location and the environmental characteristics of both ago), this period of 2.3 million years is considered as the erosional and the new depositional periods. a single “moment of time”. The shorter the “period of time” in question to be kept to the extent of A coast is shaped by interactive events occurring possibilities, the greater the sensitivity of the study in the atmosphere, on the sea (or ocean), on the land and the value of the interpretations. One of the oldest and by their responses to these events (Davidson- Citation Info: Tüysüz, O. 2021. Some criteria used in determining paleoshorelines, examples from Turkey and Rhodes Island.Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164, 147-164. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.712862 *Corresponding author: Okan TÜYSÜZ, [email protected] 147 Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2021) 164: 147-164 Arnott, 2010; Absalonsen and Dean, 2011). The about the age of the beginning of the deposition and coasts are affected very quickly by climatic, tectonic the environmental conditions during the beginning of and marine changes, the dynamics between them and this depositional period. Perkins (1966) states that the even the biological activity, and they quickly change fossils of these organisms, which have existed since their shape as a response (McFadden et al., 2007). For Ordovician, and become widespread especially in this reason, when and where the paleo-shorelines were Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, provide valuable and how they changed by the time in terms of physical information not only about unconformity surfaces and chemical conditions provide valuable information but also non-depositional periods that developed about the regional conditions of that period. The main as a result of uplifting-shallowing, and subsiding- factors controlling a shoreline and causing its changes deepening events in the stratigraphic record. On the are; eustaticsea˗level changes and climate; tectonic other hand, since the rock-boring organisms live in uplift and subsidence; relative erosion, transportation shallow and clear waters facing the open sea, they also and precipitation rates; topography; wave activity; provide information about the characteristics of the coastal geology; coastal fauna
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