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Special Libraries, 1962 Special Libraries, 1960s

12-1-1962

Special Libraries, December 1962

Special Libraries Association

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putting K~zotvled~rtr, TVo1.k OFFICERS DIRECTORS President SARAAULL ETHELS. KLAIIRE University of Houstun Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Houston 4, Texas First Vice-president and President-Elect JOANM. HUTCHINSON MRS. MILDREDH. BRODE Research Center, Diamorzd Alb.dt David Taylor Model Basin, Washington, D. C. Company, Painesville, Ohio Second Vice-president PAULW. RILEY ROBERTW. GIBSON,JR. College of Busi~zessAd711inistration Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktou,n Boston College Heights, New York Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts Secretary MRS. JEANNEB. NORTH hhS. EI.IZABLTIIB. ROTH Lockheed Missiles d Space Company, Palo Standard Oil Company of Califor- Alto, California uia, San Francisco, California Treasurer EDWARDG. STRABLE R.4LpH H. PHELPS J. Waher Thompson Cotupan) Engineering Societies Library, New York, New YorR Chicago, Illinois Immediate Past-President LMRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER EUGENEB. JACKSON Metropolifan Museum of Atr Resear.ch Laboratories, General motor^ Corporation New York, New York Warren, Alichigan EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: Br~r.ivl. W'oous Special 1.ihr.1ric.s Association. j I East 10 Stl-ert. Xew York i. Neu 1.01.k hlEhlBERSHIP Dues: Srr,lLrinirc~--$1.00 ; Ar-/ii ',--$I5 (P,rid For Life-S2SO) ; A.i~ori.iti $10; Afi11:lfr-S 15; Stidi,1cf-J2 ; Emrvrl~-J5. For qi~alifications, privileges and further ~nformation, write Special Librarieb Association.

PUBLICATIONS Ayiation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 hiap collections in the U. S. and Can- Bibliography of new guides and aids to ada; a directory, 1954 ...... public documents use 1953-1956 (SLA National insurance organizations in the bibliography no. 2), 1957 ...... 1.50 United States and Canada, 1957 ...... A checklist for the organization, opera- I'lcture sources: an introductory list, tion and evaluation of a company li- 1959 ...... brary, 1960 ...... 2.00 j1.A directory of members, as of Octo- Contributions toward a special library ber 2 1, 1960 ...... members glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 nonmembers Correlation index document series & PR Source list of selected labor statistics, reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 rev. ed., 1953 ...... Creation & development of an insur- Sources of commodity prices, 1960 ...... ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 special ~ib~~~i~~~~~~~i~~i~~-i~~first Directory of special libraries, 1953 ...... 5.00 fifty years, 1909-1959, 1959 ...... Guide to metallurgical information (SLA no 3). 196, ...... 4.00 Special Libraries Association personnel survey 1959, 1960 ...... Guide to Russian reference and language Subiect headings for aeronautical engi- aids (SLA Bibliography no. *), 1962 4,25 neering libraries, 1949 ...... Guide to special issues and indexes of periodicals, 1962 ...... 5.75 1954 headings for libraries' Guide ,to the SLA loan collection of ...... class~ficationschemes and subject head- Translators and translations: services and in lists, 5th ed., 1961 ...... 4.00 sources, 1959 ...... IIanfbook of scientific and technical U. S. sources of petroleum and natural awards in the United States and Can- gas statistics, 1961 ...... ada. 1900-1952, 19.56 ...... 3.00 Visual presentation. Our library, 1953 .. SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS-Subscription, $8.00 ; Foreign, $8.00 SPECIAL LIBRARIES-Subscription. $10.00; Foreign, $1 1.OO ; Single copies, $1.50 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription. $10.00; Foreign. $11.00 ; Single copies, S1.50 UNLISTED DRUGS-Subscription. $10 00 -- SPECIAL LIRRAKIES is published by Special Libraries Association month1.y Sevtember to April lIinmnthly May to August, at 73 hfain Street, Brattleboro, Vermont. ~ditdrialOffices: 31 East 10th street: Yew York 3, New York. Second class postage paid at Brattlehoro, Vermont. ------POSTMASTER: Return requested. Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St., New York 3, N. Y. ------. . - - ~-- ~ ----p.-p-pp ~ Now.. .from Thomas Register THOMAS MICRO-CATALOGS New system pre-files more than 60,000 pages of catalog data on microfilm. ..includes reader for rapid read-out

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INDEX TO THESES

nccept~dfor Itigher degrees in the universities o/ Cr~~afBritain and Ireland

VOLUME XI 1960-61

Edited by Magda Whitrow, B.A., A.I..A.

To be p~rblishedDecembel- 1962

Price 21s lo memI)~r.~of Aslib: 25s to non-~nembos Aslib 3 BELGKAVE SQUAKE . 1,ONDON . S.W.1

SPECIAL LIBRARIES THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

GUIDE TO CURRENT BRITISH PERIODICALS edited by MARY TOASE, A.L.A

About 3,800 periodicals (all inspected during 1961 and early 1962) are listed, and the entries, classified by Dewey, give in addition to the ordinary facts of publisher, price, frequency and so on, an indication of the subjects covered. The Times Literary Supplement review says: "The publishers' claim that this Guide is the first work of its kind may be readily conceded, and it can be said at once that here is a work of importance, reliability and coniprehensiveness for anyone interested in periodicals, whether as a general buyer for libraries of all kinds, or as a reader interested in some special field or siib- ject. ...All in all this new reference book deserves a warm welcome on its first appearance." 268 pages $10.50 ($8 to Library Association member-s)

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Indexes by keyword-in-context (permuted title), author and master bibliog- raphy now in preparation for the following:

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- -- SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Oficial Journal Special Libraries Asrociution

Volume 53, No. 10 CONTENTS DECEMBER 1962

Report Number Chaos MRS.HELEN F. REDMAN 574 Goals to be Reached in Newspaper Libraries Through Standards ROSEL. VORMELKER579 FID Latin American Commission Report KARLF. HEUMANN 585 Problems of Reorganizing a Newspaper Library MARIANORGAIN 586 Georgia Tech and the NSF Study Grant for Personnel for Scientific and Technical Libraries MRS.DOROTHY M. CROSLAND590 Preliminary Survey of Science and Technology Libraries in Canada JACKE. BROWN 595 Planning the New Library: Pickard & Burns, Inc. Library ANN T. CURRAN 597 Current Concentrates 606 National Library Week- How Many Times is Enough ? MRS.ELIZABETH M. HUTCHINS 607 Developments in Photoreproduction LORETTAJ. KIERSKY 608 This Works For Us : Displaying Periodicals BJORN TELL 611 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Who Owes Whom ? WILLIAMS. BUDINGTON and DR. FRANKE. MCKENNA 573 Workshop for Library Assistants EDUCATIONCOMMITTEE SANFRANCISCO BAY REGION CHAPTER 603 They Came to Listen MARYELLEN PADIN and MARYMARGARET REGAN 605 Metals Division 13th Annual Fall Meeting AUDREYA. HUNTER 609 NEWS Have You Heard 589,596, 612 Off The Press 613

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON SPECIALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistant Editor: EDYTHEC. PORPA Chairman: ROBERTG. KRUPP Consultants: ALBERTAL. BROWN ELEANORKATHLEEN IRWIN DR. I. A. WARHEIT JEANETTESLEDGE Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff or the publisher. Manuscrrpts submitted for publrcat~onmust be typed double space on only one side of paper and mailed to the editor. Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. Subscriptions: U. S. $10; foreign, $11; single copies, $1.50. @ by Special Libraries Associ- ation 1962. INDEXED IN Business Periodicals Index, Public Affairs Information Service, Library Literature, Business Methodr Index and Library Science Abstracts. The Undergraduate Library of U. of M. In a This modern compilation for undergraduate re- recent year 1,7 58,061 quirements has been characterized by many librarians people went through the as the finest collection in the country and is now turnstiles, 200,000 books were circulated for home ready for distribution. use, 522,962 reshelved Over 400,000 titles were considered. The list of after library use. 86,072 is a duplication of the University catalogue files, and comes (1) on the microfilm, (2) as file cards, or (3) in bound volumes. Out-of-Print Books Reproduced There is no 0-P Book problem in using this shelflist. Hard-to-get titles are provided by the xerographic printing process of University Microfilms at low cost. The Undergraduate Shelflist is a basic guide which the librarian of a new or expanding collection can temper to his own needs. For complete descriptive literature write-

UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. 313 N. FIRST STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN SUBSIDIARY OF XEROX CORPORATION

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Who Owes Whom?

ROWING PAINS are no less leasa ant in a corporate than in the physical body. But G they are recognized as symptomatic of healthful progress, of maturing, and in- creasing strength. Special Libraries Association has experienced many such twinges in its youthful 50 years, both mental and physical. Organizational changes, shifts in per- sonnel and facilities, and fiscal demands, particularly, have caused us to wince from time to time, and some have not thought it worth the struggle and have dropped away. "What does it do for me?" is the cry heard in our Association as in others, as if the total function of the individual were to receive and that of the nebulous "Association" were continually to give-with never the twain meeting. In past years, Special Libraries Association has given greatly to its members, but it is the members themselves who give to other members and the Headquarters staff who accept more of the chores. This is no impersonal automat activated by chinking coin, but the coin is nevertheless required. .Much Association work has been possible only through contributed personal time and subsidization by generous employers. Our first secretariat functioned in this manner for some years. But as time passes, the proportionate amount of this personal and material subsidy has decreased. Not only have the needs of members passed the point of "free" return, but the kinds of services wanted no longer can be provided in this way. The larger the activity, the less chance of its being contributed and the more appropriate it is for centralization and "paid" support. This factor adds to the weight of fiscal evidence presented earlier, turning us inevitably toward a rising dues scale. It has been noted that an increase in membership of "X" persons would obviate any necessity for dues increase, at least temporarily. This is true, and it is also bald truth that we have not gone out and gotten these members. To some extent, the small annual increase in the librarian population has not provided large numbers of prospects. Our membership requirements, now somewhat liberalized, have also hampered proselytiza- tion. But there lurks the suspicion that if "they" would only beat the bushes, several hundred new members would embrace us and save our pocketbooks. It behooves all of us who have not actively recruited, and who have left such effort to "them," to think twice before offering this defense. To Chapters and Divisions hamstrung by limited cash, the need for more funds is painfully obvious. Here are the members with ideas for bulletins and publications. Here are the recruiters who would like to put their bid into local counselling and guidance work. Here are the bibliographic and reference aids of regional or topical significance awaiting nurture. Here are speakers we would like to bring in, other programs requiring that Yankee and Rebel dollar. There is no need to itemize, for these are our reasons for being and we hope we know them well. We know also, perhaps distantly, that the As- sociation generally costs money. If we have read our lessons, we know it is not a small amount, and if we have our wits about us we know that it is "we," not "they," who cause this expense and are responsible in its creation. Members of Special Libraries Association are being asked to consider the proposed dues increase in the light of rising costs, enlargement of the service program, administra- tive strengthening of Headquarters, and potential new activities. All of these factors are important. Perhaps the most valid factor is that spirit which, finally, brings us to support and encourage those areas of our personal and professional lives that we wish to grow. WILLIAM S. BUDINGTON, Chapter Liaison Officer DR. FRANK E. McKENNA, Division Liaison Officer

DECEMBER 1962 Report Number Chaos

MRS. HELEN F. REDMAN, Head Librarian Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

N ALL THE DESCRIPTIONS I have read of searched the literature for articles about re- 1the "image" of the librarian, I hare ports and their report numbers. I found never seen one referring to him as silent, &onishingly few. During the early years of passive, or long-suffering. Even those who reports-the war years and those immedi- begin their descriptions with the term ately following-such silence was under- "mousey" end up with a grim description of standable. Reports dealt with the results of the librarian's dragon-like manner of en- wartime research and carried security classi- forcing rules. And librarians themselves, fications. They were relatively few in num- after they get beyond basic aspects like ef- ber, were limited in distribution, and were ficiency and attractiveness, insist upon their supposedly shortlived. In the late 1940's outspokenness. So how does one explain their these restrictions began to break down. Many apathy toward report numbers? I find it dif- reports were no longer classified for security ficult. reasons, and they were given wider dii- When you are confronted by a list of re- tribution and advertising. New reports con- ports to order with designations beginning tinued to appear. There began to be the ex- with PB-, ANL-, and AM-, what is pected outcry from librarians about their your reaction? Undoubtedly you are de- handling and control. lighted with the PB- report because you Outstanding among the early articles about know immediately that you can buy it from the control of reports was one in Special Li- the Office of Technical Services. Probably brzrries by Mortimer Taube. Entitled "Mem- you are equally happy with the ANL- re- orandum on a Conference on Bibliographical port because you know it originates from Control of Government Scientific and Tech- Argonne National Laboratory and you have nical Reports," it proposed that, "What is or can find channels for acquiring it. But required is the promulgation, by some or- what about that AM- report? The chances ganization having the requisite authority, of are very slim that you recognize it as a re- a scheme through which every scientific and port received by the Los Alamos Scientific technical report prepared and issued under Laboratory and assigned its number there. a research contract with any Federal agency If you do know that, you can write LASL to would bear a symbol which would identify determine its full bibliographic identifica- uniquely each report and relate it systemat- tion and then proceed accordingly. If you ically to all other reports."l don't, acquisition of the report is impossible, he next article-of interest appeared in and I would expect you to cry out in an- 1951 in the Technical Data Digest and was noyance. Instead, you apparently accept the written by Major P. K. Sturm of the Central situation in silence. Air Documents Office." Stemming from a study of report numbers condYucted by Early Concern CAD0 in 1950. it I leaded for a standard This silence is now one of long standing. system of report numbers and proposed the Before writing the introduction for the Dic- criteria for such a system. tiozary of Report Series Codes, just pub- In the spring of 1952 the Science-Tech- lished by Special Libraries Association, I nology Division of Special Libraries Asso- ciation conducted an Institute on the Admin- EDITOR'SNOTE: Mrs. Redman is the co-editor. istration and Use of Technical Research with Mrs. Lois E. Godfrey, of the Dictionavy of Reports. All aspects of report handling were Repo~tSeries Coder. a project of SLA's Rio Grande Chapter that will be published late in December covered, but only one speaker, Dr. I. A. by the Association. Warheit, touched on the problems of report 5 74 SPECIAL LIBRARIES numbers.3 His was the last statement pub- nots" and pour the blame for silence on them lished for some time. At the similar Work- equally. I imagine that many librarians have shop on the Production and Use of Tech- honestly remained free from the encum- nical Reports, held at the Catholic Univer- brance bf reDortsI and the difficulties of their sity of America the following year, no handling and that as many more have en- speaker mentioned the problem. countered them only occasionally. For them, That silence has become standard. Oc- reports have, no doubt, been an unknown casional articles-like the delightful one by quantity. Perhaps they have been able to John M. Connor that appeared in Special absorb them by giving them classification Lib~ariesin 1956 under the misleading title, numbers like books or by tossing them into "The Need for Documentation to Govern- the vertical file with other pamphlets. Even ment Specifications"4-have expressed the if they have been troubled by them, they librarians' irritation at the chaos surrounding have probably felt too unsure of themselves report numbers but have neither dealt with and the situation to complain. On the other it in detail nor offered solutions. Apparently side, the librarians accustomed to handling the only recent attempt at that has been Bill reports may have been afflicted with a touch Richardson's "Report Numbers-Boon or of reportsmanship. After all, if you find that Bugaboo," which appeared in the Rio you can claim special honor for having Grafzde Chapter Bulletin in 1960 shortly learned to deal with a difficult situation, why after Bill's stint as Chairman of the Chapter's try to change it? Report Series Dictionary Committee." I would not dare to make such suggestions except that I now recognize my in Growing Need for Control the latter category. In 1957 the newly

This apparent unconcern of librarians with created Rio Grande Cha~terI of SLA was the question of report numbers would seem looking for a project-one that needed to be to indicate that the problem is slight, if in- done, that would be rewarding, but that was deed it exists at all. Yet the Dictionary of limited enough in scope that it would take Report Serler Codes demonstrates that it is only a reasonable effort. In the Dictionary of real and that it is horrendous. The Diction- Report Series Codes we believed we had ary contains 12,495 codes related to 3,992 found the ideal combination. Clearly li- agencies. Those are codes encountered by a brarians unaccustomed to reDorts needed handful of installations represented in the such a dictionary, and equally clearly, we Rio Grande Chapter of Special Libraries As- thought, we could produce one easily. The sociation, augmented by others taken mostly majority of our Chapter members came from from the few published lists of report codes. libraries with large report collections. Most At one time the compilers of the Dictionary of us were as well acquainted with reports dreamed that it might be fairly complete, as books. Surely we could turn out a dic- but during the year since the listings for it tionary that would identify 99 per cent of were completed we have seen hundreds of the existing codes and do it quickly-within new codes spring up. Our unhappiness at- a year ! tests to the currency of the problem. It is In the five years that have elapsed since serious; it is with us; if anything it is grow- then, we have learned a great deal. We have ing worse; but librarians appear uncon- finally produced a dictionary that we con- cerned. Why ? sider impressive both for its size and prob- I suspect that there are several reasons, all able incompleteness. We have come to re- based on the strangeness of reports to li- gard the exponentially growing chaos of brary science. In traditional library circles report numbers with horror. pur compla- they are scarcely known. Even special li- cency has turned to reformers' zeal. brarians were not faced with them seriously until after the Second World War. Since Analysis of Report Numbers then you can divide the ranks of special li- Just what is this mess, and how did it brarians into the "haves" and the "have- come about? For a history of report numbers DECEMBER 1962 and an analysis of them, I refer you to the components may be run together or may be introduction to the Dictiona~y of Report separated by spaces, slashes, periods, paren- Ser,Ye.r Codes, but I can describe them briefly theses, or any other punctuation marks. here together with their assignment and use Some components may be ignored for the and the problems surrounding them. assignment of serial numbers. For example, Report numbers, or report designations, in the LA/LAMS series of the Los Alamos are a device aimed at facilitating report con- Scientific Laboratory, the MS- has at times trol, both physical and bibliographic. Ideally been ignored and at other times treated as an they provide a simple, brief means of identi- indication of a separate series. Within a fying reports. They usually consist of a given report series the format of the num- grouping of letters and/or numbers known bers may vary in the way they are written as the series code, plus additional letters on the reports. When they are given as and/or numbers specific to individual re- references by users of the reports, they may ports. They may be divided into three types: be shortened or even expanded. 1) those that aim only at identifying reports; Here lies the key to the problems that now 2) those that attempt to give bibliographic surround report numbers. There is nothing descriptions of the reports; and 3) those sacred about them; there is no control over that serve as subject classifications. Any of them. They may be used, modified, or even these types, or any combination of them, may assigned by anyone at will, and the un- be put to a variety of uses. The use com- suspecting librarian who relies unquestion- monly thought of first is bibliographic ingly on report numbers for identification identification, but there are also uses for takes a great risk. property and security control and for filing Report numbers are not necessarily part indicators. These various uses (which may or of the reports they represent. They may not may not involve machine manipulation) even be known to the originators of the have considerable affect on the makeup of reports. If the originating agency assigns report numbers and involve both their a designation that identifies the report format and their components. and connects it adequately with its source There are several different components (e.g., ANL-4126 for a report from Argonne that may appear in a report number: National Laboratory), the probability is 1. Designators for the agency responsible high that ail who handle or refer to that re- for the origin or distribution of the report. port will use that designation. The same is These may refer to the agency itself, a sub- true of designations assigned by sponsoring division or project of the agency, or even an or contracting agencies (e.g., NYO-2787 individual, i.e., BMI- for Battelle Memorial for a report by a contractor of the New York Institute; DMIC- for the Defense Metals Operations Office of the AEC). Even though Information Center at Battelle those numbers do not give the origin of the 2. Indications of subject classification, i.e., report, they indicate a source for it and they -P- for physics, -H- for health, etc. usually belong to well-known report code 3. Designation of the form of the report, series. Report numbers assigned by large i.e., -QPR- for quarterly progress report distribution centers such as the Armed Serv- 4. Date of writing, issuance, or release, ices Technical Information Agency (e.g., given in full, in part, or by code AD-) or the Office of Technical Services 5. Security classification, commonly given (e.g., PB-) are also acceptable even though by the letters U (unclassified), R (re- they do not show the origin of the reports. stricted), C (confidential), S (secret) Their codes are well-known, they show the 6. Identifier of the specific report. This is availability of the reports, and they enjoy usually a serial number but may be a letter the special advantage of appearing in stand- or even a date. ard announcement media. It is the report numbers other than these, the report num- Any combination of any number of these bers assigned or modified by individual re- components in any order is possible. The cipients of reports, that present the dangers. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Almost every library with a report collec- Regardless of the technique the librarian tion is committed to a system involving some applies or the caution he uses, he will have kind of report numbers. Depending on the created another report designation not read- kind of system and its purposes, the li- ily identifiable by the originator of the re- brarian will inevitably find himself assign- port or anyone else. And his number will ing numbers to reports without any, or look just as good as any other to the un- modifying the numbers appearing on the suspecting librarian. This proliferation of reports to fit them into his system. If his report numbers is going on in report li- system is based on simple accession num- braries all over the United States. Tens of bers, he will be assigning a number to every thousands of reports are being issued each report. The designations appearing on the year by thousands of agencies. Obviously the reports will be of concern to him only as situation is chaotic. It must not be allowed troublesome cross references; but his ac- to go on. After these long years of silence cession numbers. advertised in his accession and endurance, librarians must act. lists, and referred to in correspondence, other reports, or articles written by scientists Hopeful Signs of Action or engineers in his organization, will be Fortunately there are some glimmers of addedto report numbers plaguing colleagues. light on the horizon. First, there is the just On the other hand, if the library's sys- published Dictiona~yof Repoft Sevzes Codes. tem attempts to use the designations ap- Although necessarily incomplete and out of pearing on reports, the librarian will find date before it was published, it does identify himself scrutinizing every report to locate over 12,000 codes, and should therefore be an acceptable number. For some, like ANL- of some help. Furthermore, by its bulk and 4126, he will accept the designation as it by its gaps it will force librarians to rec- comes. For others, like TR-123 (standing ognize and admit to the problems of report for "technical report"), he may preface the numbers. designation with a code of his own choosing Second, there is evidence that some gov- representing the issuing agency. If he finds ernment agencies are becoming concerned no number at all he will construct one. He about the complications being added to the may translate the title of the report into an present "technical information crisis" by the acceptable designation. For instance, the uncontrolled use of report numbers. In the "Quarterly Progress Report Number 5" of fall of 1961 the National Science Founda- the Analytical Division of the ABC Corpora- tion announced the awarding of a contract tion may fit into his system as ABC-AD- to Herner and Company for a study of cate- QPR-5. gories and documentation of United States If the title offers no opportunity for trans- Government technical reports.6 The study is lation, he may throw the report into a gen- qposed to analyze the various name cate- eral catch-all category like the Los Alamos gories and code designations that are as- AM- numbers (standing for American Mis- signed to government scientific and techn~cal cellaneous), or perhaps he will assign an reports by federal agencies and their con- arbitrary number after his code for the is- tractors, and to determine the need and prac- suing agency. If he does that, he may slip ticability of developing and adopting a into the designation a signal that the num- coordinated government-wide system of im- ber is bogus. For instance, an unnumbered proved report code designations. Th~sinter- report of the DEF Corporation may be as- est by the government, which controls the signed the designation DEF-LA-1 at Los contracts under which the great majority of Alamos Scientific Laboratory, or DEFC-Q-1 reports are written, is very encouraging. at Sandia Corporation. Here the -LA- and Finally there will presumably be the re- -Q- are signals used at these installations to sults of the Herner study itself. It is idle to indicate numbers unknown to the originator speculate on what those results will amount of the report. Unfortunately, they are not to, but it seems inconceivable that they will recognizable by others as danger signals. not at least include a strong recommendation DECEMBER 1962 that some system of control for report num- the codes used to indicate agency in report bering be adopted. designations. Perhaps a set of rules would This combination of developments seems suffice ; more likely-a dictionary recognizing to me to be very hopeful. The Dictionary of the already established satisfactory codes and Report Series Codes and, if necessary, a developing others will be needed. supplement to it, offer a key to the report Perhaps the report of the Herner study numbers that have been used already. The will include a list of criteria for report Herner study offers the hope for control in designations; possibly it will recommend the future. Here we have a basis on which means for determining agency codes. If so, we as librarians can act. the action required of us might amount only The action I propose has several stages to a critical examination of those proposals whose exact nature will depend on the con- and a hearty endorsement of them. The clusions of the Herner stuhy, the extent to recommendations of the Herner study will which Herner and Company have dealt with hold the built-in advantage of having a di- the problems, and the resulting actions by rect line to government ears, and certainly a the National Science Foundation. Regardless system for controlling report designations of these. I believe that we should first be- would be most effective if it could be ap- come informed about report numbers, look- plied to the agencies originating and issuing ing into both their problems and their ad- reports. vantages. I believe we will become convinced But if nothing should come of that study, that the advantages offered by a controlled a strong, well advertised stand by librarians system of report numbers that would pro- on the question of report numbers might vide brief and positive identification of re- have considerable affect on their assignment ports would beworth a great deal of effort and use. Librarians are among the principal on our parts. If that does indeed prove true, users of report numbers, and their opinions I believe that through SLA or some part of should carry considerable weight with those it like the Science-Technology, Metals, or issuing reports. Even if that did not prove Documentation Divisions, we should de- true, the adoption of standard criteria for velop and adopt a statement of our criteria developing report designations by librarians for report designations. Such a statement receiving reports would reduce the prolifera- might include the following points : tion of numbers markedly. Clearly we can 1. The requirement that every report, whether improve the situation if we want to. So let's formal or informal, final or interim, dis- break our unnatural silence and speak out tributable or strictly internal, bear a report like the librarians of the "image" we favor. number. CITATIONS 2. The necessity for that number to be a unique identification of the report, and the 1. TAUBE, Mortimer. Memorandum for a Con- desirability of its being simple and brief. ference on Bibliographical Control of Government Scientific and Technical Reports. Special Libraries, 3. A listing of the essential components of vol. 39, no. 5, May-June 1948, p. 156. a report designation, such as a code for the 2. STURM, P. K. Some Thoughts Presented on originating, sponsoring, or distributing Numbering Systems. Technical Data Digest, vol. agency plus an identifier of the specific re- 16, no. 9, September 1951, p. 5-6. port. 3. WARHEIT.I. A. Bibliographic Identification and Organization. American Documentation, vol. 3, no. 4. A recommendation of format, including 2. Spring 1952, p. 106-7. the order of components and the spacing and 4. CONNOR,John M. The Need for Documenta- punctuation between them. tion to Government Specifications. Special Li- 5. A permissive statement about other com- braries. vol. 47, no. 4, April 1956, p. 152-5. 5. RICHARDSON,William H. Report Numbers- ponents that might be appended to the es- Boon or Bugaboo. Special Libraries A~ociatioiz, sential designation. Rio G~andeChapter Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 2, Sep- tember 1960, p. 3-5. The next step might be the development 6. Scietzce Information Notes, vol. 3, no. 4, Au- of a system for determining and controlling gust-September 1961, p. 1-2. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Goals to be Reached in Newspaper Libraries through Standards

ROSE L. VORMELKER, Library Director "The Plain Dealer," Cleveland, Ohio

HE PURPOSE of establishing standards in However, because many newspaper li- T industrv was to increase efficienc~or braries grew like Topsy and vary with the production and to lower costs. The need for demands made on them by editors and pub- establishing standards became evident with lishers, it seems appropriate to give special the demani for increased moduction. These attention to the "who, what, where, when, facts seem axiomatic. They grew out of the why, and how" of standards for newspaper scientific management movement and have libraries and what they might accomplish a parallel today so far as purpose and need for them. are concerned in special libraries, including Special librarianship is a relatively new newspaper libraries. service profession. It is not as old as law, An authoritative yardstick for measuring medicine, or religion and therefore is not accomplishments or effectiveness of libraries as well understood. And yet, because the has long been felt, and the need for such physical products with which it deals-books, has become evident because of increasing clippings, reports, pictures, microfilms, maps, numbers of libraries and increased use thereof. charts, magazines-are recognizable by any Standards are nothing more or less than human being, many people, including ex- rules or models or yardsticks that are estab- ecutives, assume they know all that needs to lished by a recognized authority and ac- be known about it. How often have we

ce~tedI bv reliable ~ractitionersin the field to heard, "All you need to do is keep track of measure something. In the physical world the things, stamp the books, and answer the these might refer to quantity, weight, qual- phone." Many still think that anyone who ity, extent, or monetary value. Translated to loves to read or who may have served as a s*ecial libraries. standards would refer to reporter on the paper would make a good li- objectives, services, collection of materials, brarian. What it takes to find, select, and staff, space, equipment, and budget. (These organize for use needed sources of informa- you will recognize as the phases of standards tion and to locate a pertinent fact or ma- for study mapped out by the SLA Standards terial in these resources to put them to work Committee.) at the right time and in the right form is not Other librarv associations in the United at all generally understood. No one would States and in other countries have been at expect to practice in the field of law or work on various phases of library standards medicine today without special training in and the results of-some of this wdrk are now those disciplines, yet many fail to realize that available in print.1 In the main, these apply librarianship too has developed to the point to public and school library services, equip- where training is essential for success. ment, and reporting of statistics. To a degree To be sure, there are excellent practition- special librarians, including newspaper li- ers in libraries who do not have graduate brarians, could benefit from a study of these library school degrees-some not even un- publications. dergraduate degrees. Yet they are doing out- Based on a paper presented before the Newspaper standing work. They have acquired pro- Division, May 31, 1962, at the 53rd Special Li- ficiency the hard way-through years and braries Association Convention in Washington, years of experience and growth on the job. D. C. The author has since retired from the Plain Dealer but will continue to teach the Special Li- For them, experience has been both the braries course at Western Reserve University. undergraduate school and the graduate li- DECEMBER 1962 brary school. Their degree came from per- make an approved manual of standards a sonal and continuous study and from experi- fkt accompti? How far have we come in ence on the job. For many such, their equal setting standards ? will not be found among degree holders. Why then all this emphasis on standards, one of which is training for special librar- ians ? It's really very simple. The world today Good performance standards depend, is going at so fast a pace, there isn't time to among other things, on an adequate collec- wait for experience. When the experienced tion adequately processed to make "finger people retire, if the work in which they tip control" of information possible. This pioneered is to progress from where they means that every item, be it a clipping, a leave off, they will have to be replaced by report of an official or scientific body, a those who took a short course in experience, microfilm, a picture, a magazine article, a namely the graduate library school. After all, book, a statistic, or an idea must be so classi- that is what school does for a student, it fied or indexed that it may be produced in- provides a concentrated short course in ex- stantly on request or called to the attention perience. of clients whose work indicates a potential The first surgeons were barbers, but use for it. through experience and research they de- veloped training standards for schools of medicine. Abraham Lincoln was an attorney Good performance depends too on ade- who never attended a law school, but would quate space and equipment designed and you engage an attorney today who hadn't placed for maximum use with least "backing met law school standards? and forthing." The resources should be so It behooves special librarians to work with organized that not one unnecessary item is enthusiasm, cooperation, and interest in taking up space, which is at a premium in SLA's effort to produce measuring devices or most libraries. standards both for themselves and their or- ganizations so that their work may progress and not retrogress. If this challenge is not met now, another generation will have to One goal good standards would help pro- face it. Therefore this is a call to action on mote is recognition on the part of the Board the part of those whose pioneering work has of Directors, the President, the Editor and made the proposal for standards necessary. all of his assistants, feature writers, secre- Dr. J. L. Rosenstein of Marquette Uni- taries, reporters, advertising departments, versity once said, "Progress is not made by business departments, production depart- taking pride in our present standards but by ments, circulation departments, and indeed critically examining these standards, hypo- the entire staff of the paper of the library as thetically setting higher standards, and at- the organization's information power house tempting to achieve them."" rather than a file room, or as one librarian put it, "a cemetery for dead facts." Goals to be Reached A reasonable goal for the status of the li- What may be expected in the way of goal brary director in the organization would be achievement from setting up high stand- that of department head, assuming the news- ards? Is it possible to set standards for as paper served followed the federal govern- variable a field as that of special libraries as ment's organizational breakdown of depart- a whole and newspaper libraries in par- ment, division, section, office. This would ticular? Doesn't the very term special imply most likely assure the library director's mem- something that isn't standard? What can be bership in professional associations, attend- learned from the efforts of other professions ance at meetings, including policy-making to set up standards? Are the potential re- and decision-making ones, and professional sults worth the time and effort required to contributions on his part. As such the library SPECIAL LIBRARIES director would assume responsibility for con- operation, and cooperative use of other li- tinual study of the fantastic developments braries and agencies in the community. Ad- in machines for library service and be espe- ditional goals that might be achieved through cially alert to possible applications to his acceptable standards concern budgets, equip- library. He should be familiar with micro- ment, forms, and supplies. filming, microprinting, coordinate indexing, preparation of codes, reprography and all Are Standards Possible? other copying devices for that ultimate goal Although we take great pride in our -machine retrieval of information and the specialization, which in many ways defies elimination of extensive files. standardization, yet there are certain common denominators among special libraries. All have librarians. Most have some staff as- Good public relations are a by-product of sistants. All deal primarily with recorded in- good performance. No procedure or tech- formation, though at times the information nique is as effective in promoting good pub- needed may still be in some expert's head. lic relations as good service. Yet there are All need to process materials for use. All avenues of approach that may be consciously exist primarily to give information service. cultivated with a public relations end in For these and other common denominators mind. One of these concerns new employees, official standards would prove most helpful. for whom a tour of the library with explana- The new Webster's Dictionary defines a tion of its services might well be part of a standard as an "accepted or established rule new employee's orientation program. Bul- or model" and also ". . . . established by letins, memos, exhibits, a page in the house authority, custom or general consent as a organ, open houses, and tours repeated model or example." until all have seen and heard of the li- Without standards there can be no reli- brary's services are other obvious public re- able guide to or yardstick of accomplishment. lations promotion devices. It means little to say, "the Library answered While it is most important for the library 50 questions today," unless the nature of the staff and the organization staff to have such queries is known. Did they involve profes- excellent two-way communication, the news- sional knowledge or were they of a general paper librarian's public relations awareness informational type? Were any concerned must go still further. Today's newspaper may with the origin of the European Common be likened to a mirror of the local com- Market idea or were the questioners asking munity, the state, and the country, and as for President Kennedy's middle initial? Pos- such has an unexpected need for information sibly the Library should have answered 100 on myriads of subjects. Since it would be questions to indicate a good day's work. impractical to attempt to assemble, even if Who can say-until official, authoritative, re- it could, all the resources for which there liable, and accepted standards are available? would be occasional use, a knowledge of There is a wealth of business and tech- other sources of information in the com- nical literature relating to standards for pro- munity is essential. Another good public re- duction and for cost accounting from which lations effort is to establish cooperative meas- some parallels for library work may be ures for making possible ready access to drawn. On the whole, however, libraries fall these resources for reference, copying, or more logically into the management fields. borrowing. At the same time remember that For these, Ralph Currier Davis has suggested cooperation is a two-way street and watch for the following classification: I) standards of and cultivate opportunities to reciprocate. service, 2) standards of policy and function, So far we have discussed goals relating to 3) physical standards, 4) personnel stand- the resources of materials and their organiza- ards, and 5) performance standards.3 With tion for effective use, best use of space, rec- the additional item of budgets, this is in es- ognition of the library and status of the sence the breakdown planned by the SLA library director in the organization, efficient Standards Committee. DECEMBER 1962 Standards in Other Professions and the Convention in 1960 included suggestions SLA Standard Committee covering all phases of newspaper library op- Many technical societies and professional eration : administration, reference materials: associations have a continuing project on physical facilities, hours of operation, and developing standards for their fields. These service. Specifically, this report recommended are designated by the letter "1" in C. J. Jud- that the possibility of acquiring funds from kins' war-time directory of trade associa- a Foundation be explored for the purpose tions? He explains in later editions that of employing a person to write for publica- most associations listing this activity make it tion a manual on newspaper library opera- a continuing project. tion and management. Also it was recom- Fifteen library associations in the United mended that a permanent Committee on States and Canada have committees working Standards be established for the Newspaper on standards.5 Some of these have already Division, which would suggest improve- published their established standards.6 ments from time to time in keeping with The Professional Standards Committee in changing conditions. SLA has been in existence for a number of Robert Diehl of the Detroit Neu,r was years. Its annual reports, which usually have Chairman of the Newspaper Division's sec- appeared in the September issue of Special ond Standards Committee. His report was Libra~ies,are well worth studying to learn read at the SLA San Francisco Convention in the thinking of the various committees. 1961. This included a list of job descrip- The 1961-63 Chairman of this Committee tions for newspaper library functions and is Samuel Sass, Librarian of the General emphasized desirable standards of educa- Electric Company's William Stanley Library tional requirements for personnel but pointed in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. With the ap- aut the difficulty of attaining these because proval of SLA's Board of Directors he has opportunity for professional training in this worked toward compilation of a comprehen- field is lacking. sive manual of standards for special libraries No definite action was taken as a result of under the following heads: I) objectives, 2) these reports, but they served to clarify our services, 3) collection, 4) staff, -5) space and thinking as a Division and helped direct the equipment, and 6) budget. He has enlisted Committee's work in 1962 in pursuing its the help and interest of SLA's various Divi- assignment of drawing up standards for staff sions on this project by inviting them to In special libraries. select one of these categories for their special The report of the third Newspaper Divi- study of it. sion's Standards Committee followed the This approach follows standard proce- outline suggested by Mr. Sass and is ap- dure. George Terry put it this way in his pended to this article. After discussion of Principles of Managemet~t: "When a stand- this report at the Washington, D. C. Con- ard is to be established, a committee is vention in 1962, two motions were passed: founded, with all parties interested in the I) to submit to the Association Committee standard being given representation, which on SLA standards the Newspaper Division's includes association members, consumers, and contribution on staff standards, and 2) to those having a general interest. Usually, a hold these as standards for the Newspaper tentative standard for a period of one year Division and to maintain a Standards Com- is submitted in order to elicit criticism and mittee as a continuing group to suggest suggestions which, after due cognizance, de- changes, if needed, from year to year. termine the standard offered."7 Of the categories suggested for Divisional CITATIONS study by Mr. Sass, the Newspaper Division 1. The Bowker Anrztlal 4 Library and Trade In- chose staff. Jack Burness, Librarian of the formation. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1962, p. Washington Po~t,was appointed Chairman 102-11. 2. BRAUDE,J. M. Braude'~ Second Etzcyclopedia of the Division's first Standards Committee. of Storier. Quota~iom,and Anecdotes. New York: His report presented at the SLA Cleveland Prentice-Hall, 1957. No. 2007, p. 287. SPECIAL LIBRARIES 3. DAVIS,RALPH CURRIER. industrial Organization administration should not be cut d~zdManagement. New York: Harper, 1957. p. 67. short. Experience in a newspaper li- 4. JUDKINS,C. J. Trade and Professional Associa- brary might replace the library sci- tions of the U~zitedStates. 1942, p. 16. ence requirements if the person dem- 5. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade onstrated exceptional abilities and Info~mntion,op. cit. p. 287-8. aptitudes. 6. AMERICANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Public Li- 3. Personal brary Service: a Guide to Evaluation and Minimum (a) Intellectual curiosity coupled S/undardr. Chicago: 1956. with desire to serve 7. TERRY,GEORGE R. P~inciplesof Management, (b) Analytical news sense 3rd ed. Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1960, p. 495. (c) Articulate in communication (d) Administrative ability Newspaper Division Standards Committee (e) Good health (f) Poise and stability Report, 1962 (g) Tact The Newspaper Division's section of the SLA (h) Sense of humor Standards Committee was devoted to staff stand- ards. The check list for this section as sent out by b. DUTIES the Association Chairman, Samuel Sass, William 1. Administratit e Stanley Library, General Electric Company, 100 (a) Selects personnel in cooperation Woodlawn Avenue, Pittsfield. Massachusetts, and with personnel department proposed standards filled in by this Committee, follow: (b) Supervises and trains library personnel Staff (c) Prepares job descriptions that A. Professional define all positions in terms of requirements, duties and respon- I. HEAD LIBRARIAN sibilities (Responsible for development of policies (d) Prepares work manuals for use consistent with those of the management, of staff for selection and interpretation of the col- (e) Maintains communications lection, and for selection and supervision among library staff and between of the staff.) them and other departments of the organization a. QUALIFICATIONS (f) Continually evaluates library 1. Education service in terms of its stated ob- (a) Library science degree (five- jective. Such evaluation can be year degree) or implemented by the use of sta- (b) Bachelor's degree in arts or sci- tistical surveys of: ences with major in library sci- 1. Materials that are being used ence or at a given time (c) Bachelor's degree in journalism 2. Publications requested but with newspaper library semi- not supplied because not part nars or special courses in news- of the collection-or missing paper library work and at least 3. Reference questions answered twelve hours in general library and not answered administration and classification, 4. The character of interlibrary cataloging and reference work. loans (d) Equivalent of any of these (g) Contacts key officials to obtain through self-study and develop- information of future company ment activities in order to keep 2. Experience abreast of new developments Ordinarily Head Librarians should (h) Keeps informed and even con- have had at least one year in more tributes to possible develop- than one library to assure perspec- ments in use of machines for li- tive. He or she should have at least brary services; e.g., information five years of professional experience retrieval, duplication processes, in libraries of recognized standing microfilming, etc. of which at least three should be in (i) Represents library in any or- special libraries with at least one in ganizational matter affecting the a newspaper library. 'While special library courses might substitute for some of (j) Plans and justifies library the special l~braryexpeaience, library budget DECEMBER 1962 583 (k) Promotes library services by in- tions. policies, and plans coincide terpreting program for manage- with overall information program of ment, through the use of ori- newspaper entation talks to company d. SALARY personnel, articles in company Comparable to that of other profes- publications. and displays and sionals on the staff or in the locality exhibits served (1) Works with architects, methods, and planning personnel on space 11. ASSISTANT LIBRARIANS and equipment requirements of a. QUALIFICATIONS library Since ideally most assistant librarians 2. Acquisitiom should have the abilities to become (a) Responsible for and determines Head Librarians, the educational re- scope. selection and develop- quirements should not be appreciably ment of collection and retention lessened from those for Head Librari- policy ans. In practice, experience will often (b) Checks sources of listings of be substituted for formal educational new titles for those to be pur- requirements. However, at least some chased college work should be mandatory (c) Supervises centralization of all b. EXPERIENCE publications ordered for the Educational attainments might be sub- company. Works out with pur- stituted for experience chasing department most ex- c. DUTIES peditious method of placing or- 1. Reference work involving use of ders books. services, indexes. files of clip- 3. O~gariizutiotzof Collectiotz pings, pictures, special pamphlets, (a) Determines policy as to type of etc. publications to cataloged, in- 2. Cataloging and classifying dexed. and classified 3. Circulation of material (b) Selects cataloging form to be 4. Such duties as assigned by the Head used Librarian, always bearing in mind (c) Selects classification code to be that professional people should do used professional work insofar as possi- (d) Plans physical layout of collec- ble tion 5. One must be designated as Deputy (e) Formulates method for me- to act in absence of the Head. chanical preparation of materi- als 111. LITERATURE SEARCHERS, TRANSLA- (f) Performs or supervises the cat- TORS, AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL aloging and classification of CATEGORIES materials a. QUALIFICATIONS (g) Determines policy on materials Certainly a general college education to be bound would be desirable but might he 4. Perfo~ms or. Supewises Sewicer waived in favor of experience or dem- Listed mder Sectioiz 2 onstrated ability. At least one college- 5. Determiizes Policy To Be Used in the level course in bibliography and refer- Cirrulutioiz und Coiztrol of Mater.ialr ence should be required. Preference would be given to people who could c. STATUS be promoted 1. Tirle b. DUTIES Chief Librarian. Director of Li- 1. Classifying newspaper braries, Head Librarian or Director 2. Searching for items published in of Library Research newspaper 2. Orgutzizational Level 3. Answering telephone and written Head of department questions from readers 3. Exempt C1ur.r of the Fair Labor. 4. Classifying pictures Stut2da~d.r Art 5. Deciding retention of negatives and/ 4. Cit.ll Service Rating or pictures, clippings and other re- If applicable, GS-11 rating or above sources. 5. Accountabilit): Accountable to highest policy-making IV. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES executive. This accountability is re- a. Membership in professional organira- quired to assure that library opera- tions at national and local level. When SPECIAL LIBRARIES possible, all people on the professional f. Photoduplication level should belong to professional or- g. Shelving books, magazines, newspapers ganizations. h. Messenger work b. Participation in professional projects i. Catalog card preparation and studies. One aspect of this respon- j. Maintaining and requisitioning supplies sibility lies in close cooperation with other local librarians. C. Size of Staff c. Attendance at meetings of professional I. MINIMUM of one professional and two organizations clerical assistants d. Contribution to professional journals 11. RATIO OF NONPROFESSIONAL TO and publications PROFESSIONAL There should be at least one professional B. Nonprofessional and one nonprofessional to each twenty- I. QUALIFICATIONS five staff members served a. High school education, some college preferred, business school encouraged. NOTE: The number of staff members should be Typing necessary sufficient to perform the duties involved in assem- b. Personal jntellectual curiosity bling, organizing, searching, and putting to use c. Good health the materials needed by the newspaper-or other d. Conscientiousness organization served. e. Accuracy 11. DUTIES Respectfully submitted: a. Clipping marked papers Marian Orgain, Houston Chronicle b. Filing Helen Orcutt, Toledo Blade c. Identifying pictures and cuts Chester Sanger, Christian Science Monitor d. Periodical checking William Chase, Flint Journal e. Office correspondence Rose Vormelker, The Plait2 Decrleu, Chairman FID Latin American Commission Report HIS IS A REPORT on the Third Meeting of the recommendations of the Seminar on T of the Latin American Commission of Scientific Documentation held at Lima, Peru, the Fkdkration Internationile de Documenta- September 3-8, 1962; and d) election of the tion (FID/CLA), which I attended as a new Vice-president of FID for Latin Amer- representative of the Special Libraries Asso- ica. I noticed a significant interest in the ciation. Universal Decimal Classification among those The meeting took place October 9-12, present, which should help to make FID 1962 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, under the more widely known. The Secretariat of FID/ sponsorship of the Consejo Nacional de In- CLA exhibited a preliminary, two-volume \-estigaciones Cientificas y Tkcnicas. The host edition of the Latin American Periodicals was Dr. Rad Luis Card&, Secretario Asesor Catalog (CAPPAL). of the Consejo. About 40 people were at Dr. Carddn was elected the Latin Ameri- most of the sessions; seven Latin American can Vice-president of FID for the period countries were represented. The meetings 1962-65. He thus becomes the Chairman of and the social events were arranged with the Latin American Commission for the traditional skill and hospitality. same period. The Chairman of the meeting was Ma- I spoke briefly on the recent 28th Confer- dame Lydia de Queiroz Sambaquy, President ence of FID in The Hague and about some of the Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e of the work of the US National Committee Documentacao, retiring Latin American Vice- for FID. President of FID, and chairman of FID/ The next meeting is scheduled for Monte- CLA. video, Uruguay, in November 1963. Sessions were devoted to: n) the extension of FID in Latin America; b) projects, which KARLF. HEUMANN FID/CLA can undertake; c) consideration Vice President, FID DECEMBER 1962 Problems of Reorganizing a Newspaper Library

MARIAN ORGAIN, Librarian Houston "Chronicle," Houston, Texas

LIBRARY IS a collection of books, pam- of poor planning-or none-newspaper A phlets, clippings, maps, pictures, or morgues that just grew like Topsy may be so other appropriate material--organized for chaotic and so failure-prone that basic reor- use-and libraries ought to be correctly or- ganization is necessary. The older the library, ganized in the first place. Certainly newspa- the more clippings, pictures, books, pam- per libraries with the pressure of deadlines phlets accumulated, the greater the difficulties. and the need for speed should be carefully Usually the person who surTeys a situation set up in the beginning. When one talks and decides that it must be redone is-as I about reorganizing a library-or anything was two years ago-approached by man- else-he is talking about changing the rela- agement and asked to report on how to up- tionship of interdependent parts or resystem- grade it. atizing the functions of the various aspects of The next problem is setting up a basic the whole operation. This is revolution. Sim- plan of oper~tion.Even if one is the incum- ply ,improving the operation is not reorgan- bent who cannot stand the mess he has made izat~on. himself in his library or cannot bear to face In many situations, however, eliminating retirement because his successor might ex- inefficiencies of practice, improving tech- pose to the world the shortcomings of the li- niques, and expanding some function will brary, a plan is still necessary. To quote the bring the library to a level of operation that, editor of the Houston Cblmzicle, William P. while not optimum, will be good enough so Steven, "if you have enough brains, money that real reorganization, major surgery, should and people you can do anything." In plan- not be undertaken. Anyone of us has seen ning reorganization it is essential that one situations we would not plan that neverthe- use all his own brains as well as anyone else's less work. Completely changing an estab- on to obtain enough money and people to do lished library may well entail too much time, the work. money, and effort to be practicable. It is per- A written plan plus a timetable and a haps better to function with an unmodish or cost estimate are essential as is an explora- old-fashioned set of subject headings, which tion of the available literature. Two very can at least be updated by means of cross ref- helpful articles are: "Problems of Reorgan- erences, than a turmoil that lasts for years or izing a Newspaper Library" by Milton Pren- an ambitious plan that simply cannot be ac- sky in Speciat Libraries, December 1957, and complished in the situation at hand. The first "Weeding and Other Space-Saving Meth- problem, then, in reorganizing a newspaper ods" by Ralph Shoemaker in Specid Li- library is to avoid it if improvement of the braries, October 1956. The ANPA library existing system can be reasonably expected bulletins may also be checked for sugges- to suffice for the needs of the users. tions. The reports of SLA Newspaper Divi- slon meetings will be useful. The seminars Preliminary Planning and Surveying conducted by the Schools of Journalism and Library Science at Syracuse University would Unfortunately, there are libraries that were be helpful, I am sure, although I have not not set up sensibly in the first place. Because been there. At this point the librarian will need to Paper presented before the Newspaper Division, May 30, 1962, at the 53rd Special Libraries Asso- survey in detail the actual practice of the ciation Convention in Washington, D. C. library under consideration. During the pre- 586 SPECIAL LIBRARIES liminary survey or study when it was de- library want from that library. Sometimes a cided that a radical change in the library op- librarian can raise their sights-; sometimes he eration was necessary, the librarian may have must limit their demands. Then he must gone on the theory that it is not necessary to write down his own goals, devised by him- eat a whole egg to tell that it is rotten. In this his professional responsibility. the planning stage, however, the librarian must savor the last fume of the odious op- Use of Critical Path Method eration and fathom, if he can, the logic be- At this point the steps toward the goal- hind the seemingly pointless routine whose the numbers of people needed, amount of origin may be shrouded in antiquity, whose equipment desirable, the amount of money usefulness may be negative but whose intent essential and the many tasks involved-may once had some significance. become a jumble. Time sequences and logical At the Chronicle there were four separate progressions may be impossible because of alphabetical files-a Houston file, a Texas delivery problems. Training programs may file, a dead file (people, not issues, fortu- wait on books. To help in actually making a nately), and a general file. How the staff plan to take care of contingencies, investiga- tossed on its Procrustean bed! Humble Oil tion of the relatively new planning and and Refining Company stories, for instance, scheduling technique, the Critical Path could go in three different parts of the room method, is urged. with all the company founders out in the For several years a prerogative of en- back in the dead file. Changing this setup, gineering planning, the Critical Path method howerer, implied understanding that orig- is now showing up in all sorts of pro- inally the library had filed people only and fessional literature. A recent ad in Sci- that Houston and Texas were the only sub- erztific American features it. In essence it ject files, which begun as a temporary side is setting forth all the jobs involved in a project in a shoe box and mushroomed with project arranged to show sequence, re- the years into being as large as the biograph- straints, and interdependence. The Critical ical files. The dyad people were put in the Path is the longest route through the project back because of space problems; the quick and therefore represents the minimum time in the front for quick reference. Explana- for completion. If delay occurs in the jobs tions helped the library staff to see that with in this chain, the time of project completion more space and with the insured permanence will be affected. PERT or Program Evalua- of the subject files, it was no longer neces- tion and Review Technique, the prototype sary to segregate in this manner. Actually of the Critical Path method, was developed you cannot plan to change what you do not In connection with the Polaris Missile and know about. is explained in PERT . . . a Diagram Proj- After the operations of the library have ect Planning and Control Method, published been reduced to paper, a comparison of it by International Business Machines Corpora- with a good one will be of enormous advan- tion, Data Processing Division, White Plains, tage, whether or not emulation of the good New York, n.d., in a General Information one in all phases of its operation is consid- Manual. Arrow Diagramming is a simplified ered. I spent a whole week in Louisville at. Critical Path technique and is explained in Ralph Shoemaker's heels, and in his gener- Review of the Arrow Diapammizg Tech- osity of soul he gave freely of his and his uigue in Planning, Scheduling and Evaluat- staff's time to explain how the Louisville ing Business Progrmzs published by E. I. Cor~rier-Jou~xnIand Times library merits its DuPont de Nemours, Petrochemical Division, excellent reputation. Other librarians an- Washington, Delaware, n.d. These publica- swered letters and questions, and I benefited tions explain how such techniques aid in greatly from many conferences with the planning and in communication, how they Chrouicle's managing editor and other mem- simulate the effect of alternative decisions, bers of the news and editorial staffs. It is and establish probability of meeting dead- always well to know what the patrons of a lines. DECEMBER 1962 LEGEND

CRITICAL PATH

EARLIEST START C)LATEST START TF-TOTAL FLOAT=C)-n-r FF -FREE FLOAT = 0-I-r > % .. :: 2 B -F b i9 , k.5 G;$$ .$ ARROW DIAGRAM E-135 " 'l +@ FOR LIBRARY REOWANISAT 10N a" 3 V GUIDETO CRITICALPATH SHEET functions, for it is not obligatory to have a A. Lead time-survey, preparation, pres- computer to use Arrow Diagramming in entation of plan, approval, and funds scheduling. It is necessary to list the opera- authorization tions indicated, their sequence, and the time for each to plot the Arrow Diagram, which B. Order equipment will show the Critical Path through the jobs C. Arrival of book cases that may go on simultaneously. The accom- D. Arrival of file cases panying chart is a diagram of the physical E. Arrival of desk, chairs, tables reorganization of the Houston Chronicle F. Unpacking book cases library. It shows the length of time, 294 G. Unpacking file cases days, from the beginning of the planning until the time the files were moved into new H. Unpacking desks, chairs, tables cabinets, the first books were shelved, and I. Removing partition, room an open house was held for all the employees J. Ordering books of the paper. The Critical Path lay from K. Receiving, cataloging, shelving books A-B-C-F-K. That is, the time necessary to L. Shifting files to new file cabinets perform these phases of the operation was M. Ordering library supplies longer than any other of the ordered se- quences. Here in the Critical Path is the It is not necessary to consider program- place for extra money and effort-the total ming computers to give alternative times if time of the project may be shortened here. decisions are altered or to show the effect if Obtaining approval is the problem after manpower is increased in some Critical Path sequence planning. Regardless of how much 588 SPECIAL LIBRARIES management may want an efficient library Shoemaker's subject list, following the and how much the news and editorial staffs ALA Rules fov Filing Ccltdlog Cavds, with may need one, money will always be a prob- local variations noted. lem. One of the reasons for carefully laid Much more time than is usually allowed plans, the Critical Path diagram or diagrams, for in-service training is needed if one is IS that a detailed budget will demonstrate changing routines, but keeping people who precisely what is entailed. I advocate five per have performed those routines for years. If cent of the total budget of the organization the staff is thoroughly grounded in the new as the standard library figure ; $15,000-$20,- routines before they actually perform them 000 a year above the regular budget is a and if they have accepted the plan itself, modest sum to need for reorganization. If the success of the project is almost insured. much expensive microfilm copying or read- The conflict of old and new, fanned by in- mg equipment is planned, the sum may be security, can be obviated by thoroughly higher. It must be remembered that it is very grounding personnel. foolish to underestimate the money it will Where to begin? I suggest physical rear- take to put a reorganization plan into effect. rangement and reorganization first for sev- Many a librarian lies buried under an ava- eral reasons. One has to have space, equip- lanche of work, without adequate help, and ment, and tools to be able to work efficiently. unable to deliver the goods. The final de- Secondly, improved physical facilities will cision on whether the newspaper can afford raise the morale of the library staff, which to reorganize the library, of course, will rest has been upset by all of the training! Li- with management. The clearer and the better brary prestige within the newspaper will be justified the plan, the more likely it is to win enhanced by attractive quarters, and, as the approval. general status of library improves, it will be easier to do whatever retraining of the users Retraining and Rearrangement that may be necessary. Personally, I approve Assuming that one has scheduled, planned, of bright colors and comfortable furniture and received approval, the next problem is and think that they have contributed im- training people to carry out the project. The measurably to my comfort and that of the best laid plans of librarians can be undone staff during the long haul of file revision. by the junior clerks. It is madness to assume The Library Bureau of Remington Rand and that 15 years of experience in alphabetical several other library supply houses will be files means that a person can alphabetize ac- glad to help with redecorating ideas. curately. It was my experience that the per- Let us say then that the plan is completed, sonnel I inherited had no concept of ordinary there is money in the budget, the stsff is filing rules; that there was no carefully trained, the physical facilities as attractive as worked out set of local ground rules that possible, and the librarian is set to lead sub- said to file names of people word by word ject headings out of the wilderness, re-do and names of places letter by letter. There circulation routines, make new job descrip- were not any rules, manuals, or instructions, tions, revise filing methods and catalog pic- but there were a whole group of things "we tures-happy hunting! Now the librarian is do not do here" or "we do do here." We are ready for the biggest problem of all-doing now, as we revise drawers and check Mr. the work.

VICE-PRESIDENT'S CHAPTER VISIT SCHEDULE Mrs. Mildred H. Brode, SLA's Vice-president and President-Elect will start 1963 with a tour of Chapters in the western states. Her schedule will take her to: Colorado January 11 Southern California January 18 Puget Sound January 14 San Diego January 22 San Francisco January 16 Rio Grande January 2 5

DECEMBER 1962 589 Georgia Tech and the NSF Study Grant for Training Personnel for Scientific and ~e~hnicalLibraries

MRS. DOROTHY M. CROSLAND, Director of Libraries Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

T THE DEDICATION of training of personnel to study the over-all A the Price Gilbert Me- information problem and to render solutions morial Library at Georgia to that problem. Tech in November 1953, This does not mean a revolution in educa- Dr. Alan Waterman re- tion and training, but it requires the develop- marked that the develop- ment of new ideas about training-training ment of new knowledge for the science librarian, training for the in- has in the last half century far outstripped formation specialist, and the development of the rate of development for all the preceding a new profession, which we in the NSF- centuries. This has been particularly true in Georgia Tech study have called the informa- the scientific and technological fields. Dr. tion scientist. Waterman raised this question: "Have we In recent months we have heard a great not reached a new crisis in the history of deal about education for science library per- learning that calls for a revolution in the sonnel. It is significant, I think, that the SLA c7 methods of disseminating information that Engineering Section during the 1962 Con- are as far reaching and as radical as the in- vention devoted its meeting to a discussion vention of paper and the printing press ?" of this topic. It is a vital one. At that meet- It is our serious attempt to answer this ing the Georgia Tech-NSF feasibility study question that has, I believe, led us to attack for training, as well as plans for the future, the 01-erwhelming literature problem before were discussed as actual developments taking it engulfs us completely. In- fact, we have place in the field today. This article reports consistently turned to science and to tech- the progress that has been made since the nology in our search for a successful solu- study began. tion. Our efforts in this direction have led us to new concepts in education and training October Conference and Study Committees for work in the field of science information. In March 1961, we in the library at Geor- It is not my purpose here, however, to gia Tech and several faculty members of the discuss why new concepts are needed. Li- science and engineering departments began brarians are aware of the scope and the size to consider the possibility of training stu- of the problem. We know that the growth dents to handle technical information effec- of the literature and the development of new tively. We were stimulated by the encourage- ment and enthusiastic support from the types. - of information services, as well as at- tempts to apply new methods to retrieving National Science Foundation. When our pro- and disseminating information, have resulted posal for a feasibility study was submitted, in additional informational vroblems. At the NSF endorsed it, suggesting that two con- same time, these very problems themselves ferences be held at Georgia Tech, one in suggest that one possible solution lies in the October 1961, and the second in April 1962. The conferences were designed to bring to- Vp-d~ttdpaper presented before the Engineering gether interested people throughout the Sectlon. Science-Technology Division, May 30. 1962. at the 53rd Special Libraries Association United States to generate ideas and exchange Convention in Washington, D. C. suggestions that would serve as guides dur- 590 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ing the year of study. The first conference gurating a new program of this kind on the was held on October 12 and 13. 1961, in Georgia Tech campus. Atlanta, at which time a selected group of In the course of their work both commit- scientists, librarians, and information special- tees visited many centers in the United States ists assembled to exdore both short- and and in Europe where active educational pro- long-range solutions to the problem of ade- grams exist. Questionnaires were sent to quate training of information personnel. some 200 industrial organizations and to li- The 32 participants at the first conference brarians in all the engineering schools ac- were divided into four small discussion credited by the Engineers' Council for Pro- groups to cover such topics as concepts, cur- fessional Development. The ALA-accredited riculum, faculty, and recruitment in terms of graduate schools and library school students science training for librarians and informa- currently enrolled at those schools were asked tion training for scientists. Those in attend- for pertinent information. A study of almost ance addressed themselves to the problem 300 science and technical library adrertise- with earnestness. The group felt that a sig- ments appearing in Special Libr.m.les for the nificant start had been made in dealing with period 1957-1961 was also made to gather a complex problem, and we left the confer- additional data for the study. Results of these > - cnce room with great expectations, with in- studies were presented at the April Confer- terest aroused but with some confusion about ence and published in the Proceediilgs. definitions as well as many questions as to future developments. A summary of the Oc- April Conference Proposals tober Conference has been included with the At the second conference, which convened Proceedings of the April Conference pub- on April 12, 1962, almost 50 scientists, re- lished earlier this year. (Editor's Note: See search librarians, and information specialists book review in this issue of Special Li- from throughout the United States (many of brcrriei.) them participants in the first conference) During the months following the October assembled in Atlanta. Represented officially Conference we worked diligently at Georgia were the American Association of Library Tech. The first meeting not only stimulated Schools, the American Documentation Insti- us and set the pace, it also suggested addi- tute, the American Library Association's Li- tional facets of the ~roblemand new avenues brary Education Division, and the Special of pursuit. Ours became a positive, a de- Libraries Association. termined, approach to the science informa- While the October Conference had initi- tion problem. ated the study, the second one reported the our group was divided into two working progress made by the Georgia Tech group committees, one headed by Dr. Vernon conducting the study. Educators and infor- Crawford, Professor of Physics, and the mation specialists throughout the nation also other chaired by Dr. Waldemar Ziegler, Re- reported on specific programs either cur- gents' Professor of Chemical Engineering. rently being offered or in the planning stage. Dr. Ziegler has been teaching a course in Their short-course, in-service training, and chemical literature for man; years. One curricular offerings were presented and dis- committee concentrated on the short-range cussed. approach of non-degree educational pro- The April Conference began with the idea grams, usually called short courses, while the that recognition of an existing problem was other studied the feasibility of degree pro- a major step toward its solution. We felt grams. Each committee took a dualistic view that the initial step had already been taken. of its assignment. On the one hand they be- It; was our belief that although the problems gan to formulate general principles that 'mociated with the efficient handling of tech- would aid other institutions in establishing" nical information are enormously complex, educational programs in technical informa- they are not insuperable. Further, we be- tion; on the other hand they attempted to lieved that from our conference would solve specific problems associated with inau- emerge solutions to some of the problems as DECEMBER 1962 well as ideas suggesting methods of attack of new curricula in universities with strong on some of the others. We did not assume, technical programs and facilities. however, that these solutions would neces- Descriptions of currently operating pro- sarily be unique. Certainly we thought that grams or proposed short courses were pre- experimentation with varied approaches was sented at the conference by representatives needed to select better alternatives. from the University of California at Los Neither did we assume that work toward Angeles, Drexel Institute, Emory University, the solution of the problems should be the the University of Tennessee Medical Units, exclusive province of any one segment of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Western professional community. There is plenty of Reserve University. Institutions describing room for all, and problems enough to go curricular offerings were the University of around. Technical universities, colleges of California at Berkeley, Drexel Institute of arts and sciences, library schools, and indus- Technology, Georgia Tech, the University of trial organizations all are concerned with the Illinois, Lehigh University, and Western Re- problem, and all should contribute to the serve University. solutions. The combined insights of scien- Existing programs in communications and tists, engineers, librarians, information of- computer science at Harvard University, ficers, mathematicians, computer experts, lin- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the guists-all are needed for the kind of frontal University of Michigan, and the University attack that will spell success. of Pennsylvania were also outlined. These Just as varied approaches to the training programs are closely related to those sug- programs were presented at the conference, gested for training the information scientist. so a broad spectrum of information special- Reaction to the conference by the partici- ists emerged. Illustrative of this breadth is pants indicated that the meeting was highly the shading existing between the extremes informative in a number of ways. It demon- of the scientist who knows nothing about strated a wide interest in training specialists the theory or technique of information han- in the science information field. It offered dling and the librarian who knows nothing evidence of an acute shortage of such per- about traditional science. sonnel and described a variety of long-term The Georgia Tech committees' reports at and short-term programs in progress or be- the conference emphasized three significant ing planned. Participants found it extremely points. First, a tremendous need exists both helpful to compare their varying approaches, in quantity and quality for science librarians the content of their offerings, and the dura- and other science information personnel. Sec- tion of their training periods. ond, three distinct types of science informa- The conference has been referred to as a tion specialists can be recognized and de- landmark in the history of training for the fined : I) the science librarian, 2) the technical science information field. Certainly it has literature analyst, and 3) the information contributed toward a realistic evaluation of scientist. These terms as used within the problems created by the growing volume of framework of the conference are defined at technical literature. the end of this article. The tbid point the committees emphasized is that personnel Initiation of Training Programs needs can and must be met by a variety of A report of the feasibility study has been programs. submitted to the National Science Founda- Immediate needs call for short-course or tion. At Georgia Tech the first two short institute programs at every level of sophis- courses were offered in the fall of 1962. By tication for the librarian with little science the fall of 1963 we expect to begin our de- background as well as for the highly special- gree program for training the technical lit- ized scientist engaged in research in the in- erature analyst, an outline of which is given formation field. Long-range needs require at the end of this article. A second phase of the expansion of existing programs, such as the proposed degree program at Georgia those in library schools, and the development Tech deals with training of the information 592 SPECIAL LIBRARIES scientist. The outline following this article the scientific content of the literature. The tech- does not include the curriculum for that nical literature analyst interacts with information program. in the books; the librarian interacts with the books. The first short course, conducted October TECHNICALLITERATURE ANALYST: One who is 29-November 9, 1962, was designed for in- trained in a substantive technical field. who has, dustrial information specialists. The second in addition to the depth thus provided, some breadth of technical knowledge and a thorough one presented by Dr. Robert Hayes, Decem- knowledge of the technical literature. He can an- ber 3-7, 1962, was entitled "Mathematics alyze the literature for researchers who are investi- for Information Retrieval." It was planned gating problems in the areas of the analyst's tech- as the first mesentation of a mathematical nical competence. Analysis implies a search, an organization, and an evaluation of the literature in model for the designing of information re- question. In his ability to deal with the technical trieval systems. literature, the analyst differs from the conventional 0the; institutions are also moving ahead science librarian in that he is sufficiently deep in in this area. The approach at Georgia Tech science to be able to make value judgments of its at present is to develop practical applied pro- literature. At higher levels this person generally performs not only analysis but synthesis of the lit- grams but to initiate them with the attitude erature as well. that they must gradually be replaced by more theoretical and more fundamental approaches INFORMATIONSCIENTIST: One who studies and develops the science of information storage and re- as basic principles are recognized. There is trieval, who devises new approaches to the infor- much to be done. The administrative prob- mation problem, and who is interested in informa- lems involved in the approval of new degree tion in and of itself. programs alone, for example, are tedious SHORT COURSE: A course of study of varying and time-consuming tasks. lengths, generally not carrying credit toward a These are extremely worthwhile experi- degree, having a specific objective, and aimed at a ences, however, and we shall move ahead in specific clientele. this direction to reach our goals. Present IN-SERVICETRAINING: A program of supervised aims consist of a program of short-range experience or internship in which one learns by courses to alleviate immediate shortages of actually doing the work under supervision rather trained ~ersonnel.These will be followed bv than through classwork, although classwork may be a part of the training program. The aim of in- carefully planned and approved long-range service training is to teach broad professional con- degree programs in those institutions inter- cepts rather than at the operational activities of ested in the training of science information the institution at which the program is offered. personnel. INFORMATION:Knowledge of a factual kind, usu- DEFINITIONS ally gathered from others or from any of the vari- ous storage media and ready for communication or LIBRARIAN:A person having formal training in use. library science and possessing a degree from an accredited library school. It is used here in prefer- INFORMATIONSCIENCE: The science that investi- ence to the term "professional librarian." gates the properties and behavior of information, SPECIALLIBRARIAN: "A librarian who, by virtue the forces governing the flow of information, and of special interests and talents, chooses to operate the means of processing information for optimum in a special discipline. and for that purpose re- accessibility and usability. The processes include quires a broadened and intensified knowledge of the origination, dissemination, collection. organiza- his selected field-to which he must adapt the li- tion, storage, retrieval, interpretation, and use of brary techn~quesbasic to all library practice" (SLA information. The field is derived from or related to Sub-committee on Library Education, 1950). mathematics, logic, linguistics, psychology, com- puter technology, operations research, the graphic SCIENCELIBRARIAN: A librarian with a broad, arts, communications, library science, management, though not necessarily deep, acquaintance with and some other fields. science. and a comprehensive knowledge of the lit- erature of science. He differs from the literature DOCUMENTATIONAND DOCUMENTALIST:The use analysts in two respects: I) he is a librarian and of these two terms was avoided during the con- therefore is qualified to deal with the usual prob- ference because of the wide variation in their use lems associated with the operation of a library; 2) and in the numerous interpretations of their mean- while he can and does perform science literature ing. Conferees using these terms were requested searches, he cannot, in general, critically evaluate to state their own particular definitions. DECEMBER 1962 CURRICULUM OF THE PROPOSED DEGREE the principles of subject and non-subject indexing. PROGRAM FOR THE TECHNICAL Includes the consideration of hierarchical, faceted, and dictionary systems primarily in terms of the- LITERATURE ANALYST oretical models and not of specific existing systems. 1. The curriculum of the Technical Literature Analyst Program will be based upon undergradu- INFORMAT~ONSOURCES AND SEARCHTECHNIQUES: ate preparation in the scientific and technological Study of the types and characteristics of biblio- fields, and a bachelor's degree awarded by an ac- graphic publications, institutions, and systems. credited higher institution in one of these fields Considers the principles of search strategy and tech- will be required for admission. Admission of stu- niques and grounds the student in the bibliography dents with other backgrounds will be only by spe- of specific subject fields. cial permission. The common purpose of the cur- riculunl is to develop an understanding and ~NFOR~~AT~ONSYSTEMS: Study of the t)'peS, func- mastery of the substantive content in each area and tions, and elements of information systems as or- to prepare the students for succgssful professional ganic entities. Includes a survey of the major practice and research. storage and retrieval systems now in use and an 2. Students will be required to submit a thesis for analysis of libraries and information centers as sys- the master's degree and a dissertation for the doc- tems. Also considered are the major bibliographic tor's degree. The formal research thesis require- systems currently devoted to the dissemination and ment for the master's degree may be waived in control of information. those special cases where the director of the pro- gram may consider additional course work of more SPECJAL PROBLEMSIN LITFRAT~REANALYSIS: importance in meeting the student's approved ob- Study of special problems in the interpretation and jective. presentation of information; the evaluation and 3. To satisfy the requirements for the master's de- analysis of technical information in all forms and gree in the program, students must complete suc- from all sources; and the preparation of abstracts, cessfully at least 50 quarter hours of work ap- reviews, bibliographies, and reports. proved for graduate credit, normally including 17 hours of credit for thesis research. Students com- LAXGUAGESFOR SCIENCEAND TFCHNOLOGY:A pleting this program will also be expected to survey of the chief languages in which scientific possess a reading knowledge of at least two mod- and technical literature are published. Emphasis is ern languages other than English, preferably Ger- on the written appearance. systems of writing, man, Russian, or French. This requirement is to sounds. relation to other languages, basic gram- be satisfied by special examination. matical structure, and a practical technical and 4. The purpose of the program is to develop in bibliographic vocabulary of German. French, Rus- each student competence in three broad areas: sci- sian, other major Teutonic. Romance, and Slavic ence information, modern languages, and advanced languages, Japanese, and Chinese. with descrip- subject specialization in a particular field of science tive information concerning other important lan- or engineering. The total of at least 50 quarter guages. hours of graduate credit required for students in this program is to be accumulated through the SUBJECTSPECIALIZATION COURSES: Students will completion of work in the principal course areas take additional graduate-level courses in subject indicated below, including the thesis. With prior fields other than information science in order to approval. a limited number of graduate credit strengthen and broaden their preparation in areas hours may be substituted by completing courses related to their undergraduate majors. Up to 20 in appropriate areas in other departments. credit hours map be accumulated in this manner.

SCIENTIFICAND TECHNICALLITERATURE: Intro- duction to the functions, characteristics, and history THESISRESEARCH: Normally the thesis for stu- of recorded science information and the techno- dents in the program will be addressed to litera- logical, economic, and social forces operating on ture problems in their areas of specialization. Sev- it; the communication cycle; principles of evalua- enteen hours of credit will be awarded for thesis tion and selection of literature. research.

BIBLIOGRAPHICDESCRIPTION: Study of the ele- 5. The optimum distribution of the above subject ments of description and the types of description areas by specific courses and the exact number of (listing, descriptive cataloging, annotation, ab- credit hours to be awarded per course are to be stracting, extracting, reviewing, etc.) including the determined in the initial period of this program. study of the basic mechanized and non-mecha- It is anticipated, however, that the specific course nized methods and systems. designations will approximate closely the course areas indicated in the outline above and that an ORGANIZATIONOF INFORMATIONFOR STORAGE average of three quarter hours of credit will be AND RETRIEVAL:Study of indexing elements and awarded for each course. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Preliminary Survey of Science and ~echnolo~~~ibraries in Canada

JACK E. BROWN, Past Chairman, Research Section, Canadian Library Association Librarian, National Research Council, Ottawa

URING 1960-61 the C.L.A. attempted to physically or administratively separate from D determine the present state of library the main collection. service in Canada. The Research Section of Of the 185 questionnaires distributed, 80 C.L.A. took part in this program of inquiry were completed and returned-a return of by carrying out a preliminary survey of the approximately 43%. The information from resources of those Canadian libraries whose 71 of these questionnaires was tabulated. 9 collections emphasize the fields of science questionnaires were not included because of and technology. the incompleteness of the answers. Because of time limitations and the many ramifications of the problem, it was decided Library Personnel to limit the survey to seeking data relating to Part A of the questionnaire dealt with the the size, experience and educational back- number of people employed by each library, ground of staffs, and the size and subject the levels of education, and professional specialties of the science and technology col- training or library experience. lections. It was hoped that the personnel Part A, Item 3, attempted to obtain an data obtained would be of interest 2nd value expression of opinion from the head li- to the directors of Canadian library schools, brarian regarding the need to have staff and that the information on subject special- members possessing library training, science ties would form the basis for a subject di- or engineering training, or both. The manner rectory of these collections. in which this part of the questionnaire was Accordingly, a questionnaire was prepared answered or ignored suggested that the li- and, during February 1961, was distributed brarians concerned held no strong feelings to appropriate libraries. A brief summary of in the matter, or that the questions were not the findings obtained up to June 1961 was understood. In any case, of the 71 question- presented at the annual meeting of the Re- naires tabulated, only 45 contained answers search Section held June 19, 1961 at St. to Part A, Item 3. Andrews, New Brunswick. The present report brings up-to-date the Size and Education of Library Staffs St. Andrews' statement and elaborates on The 71 libraries included in the tabulation the information obtained through the ques- reported a total staff of 388-an average of tionnaire. The data which follows is largely 5 staff members per library. statistical, and little or no attempt has been Pvofessional Staff: For purposes of the made to interpret the figures. This phase of survey, a professional librarian was defined the study must await a more thorough ex- as one possessing a university degree plus amination of the survey's findings. a B.L.S. or M.L.S. degree or its equivalent. Out of the total staffs of 388 people, 116 Distribution of Questionnaire were classified as professional librarians. Questionnaires were mailed to 185 li- Their educational attainments are as follows: braries which specialize in one or more fields of science and technology. University li- Professional librarians with braries were included in the mailing if they science degrees 21 maintained science collections which are Professional librarians without science degrees 9 5 Reprinted from Ca~zadianLibrary, vol. 18, no. 6, - May 1962, pages 260-61. Total 116 DECEMBER 1962 Noz-Profes~ioml Staf: Staff lacking a hTumberof Number of B.L.S. or M.L.S. degree or its equivalent. Volunzes Libraries Out of the total staffs of 388 people, 272 1,000 or less 3 were classified as non-professional. Their 1,001- 5,000 2 6 educational attainments are as follows: 5,001- 10,000 13 Non-professional staff with 10,001- 20,000 12 university degrees 58 20,001- 40,000 6 Non-professional staff without 40,001-100,000 8 university degrees 214 100,001 or more 3 Total 272 The number of periodicals or serial titles received ranged from 20 to 8,000. Analysing these figures more closely, it is found that 19% of the 116 professional li- Number of Peviodical Number of brarians have science degrees. Titles Received Libraries Of the 272 non-professional staff, 58 or 100 or less 13 21% have university degrees. Of this latter 101- 300 2 6 number, 30 have degrees in science and 28 301- 500 16 have degrees in other fields. 501- 800 10 Taken as a whole, the proportion of pro- 801-1,000 1 fessional staff to non-professional compares 1,001-3,000 3 favourably with the 30-46% found in the 3,000 or more 1 majority of libraries in Canada and the United States. It should be noted however A good indication of the subject specialties that 26 of the 71 libraries reporting do not of the libraries reporting has been received, employ either a trained librarian or a per- but as yet there has been no tabulation of this son with a university degree. information.

Library Training Versus Science Training Part 3 of Section A was answered by only 45 librarians. The opinions expressed were Your Help Is Solicited! as follows: Recognizing that very little published information exists about the growing 29 felt they needed some staff with both number of commercial firms that sell science and library training. library services, the Special Libraries 11 felt they needed some staff with only Committee is anxious to gather perti- library training and no science training. nent data on as many such organiza- 5 felt they needed staff with science tions as possible for a survey to be training but no library training. published in a future issue of "Special Libraries." If you know of any firms These answers indicated that the majority that offer, on a single contract or con- of the librarians reporting felt it was highly tinuing basis, literature searching, bib- desirable for the senior librarian to have liographic, or information services or training in both librarianship and the sub- that do consulting on systems or li- ject specialty of their library. This should brary planning, please send their be compared with the figures cited earlier names and addresses to the Editor, Mary L. Allison, Special Libraries Asso- showing that only 195h of the professional ciation, 31 East 10th Street, New librarians have science degrees. York 3. Firms offering exclusively ac- quisition or processing services or whose Size of Collections primary purpose is issuing published The size of the collections held by the li- material will not be covered in the braries answering the questionnaire ranged projected survey. from 500 volumes to 450,000 volumes. 5 96 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Planning the New Library: Pickard & Burns, Inc. Library

ANN T. CURRAN, Librarian Pickard & Burns, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts

ICKARD & BURNS,INC., founded in 1945, to the job. With the help of the Library Pis a research, development, and manu- Committee, Anzericdn Book Publishing Rec- facturing firm specializing in the fields of ord and ASTIA's Technical Abstrat Bzllle- communications, navigation, and electronic ti~zwere scanned to establish what growth systems. In 1960 it became a wholly-owned rate might be expected for new books and subsidiary of the Gorham Corporation. unclassified and classified reports. The Com- In June 1960, I was hired as Pickard & mittee also helped to estimate how many Burns' first librarian to organize and operate older books would be needed. their library. At that time the company was In addition to the materials already in the housed in two buildings-the Engineering library, the slides, specifications, trade Iitera- Department in one, the Research Depart- ture, and catalogs elsewhere in the company ment in the other. The library was in the were taken into consideration. It seemed building with the Research Department. reasonable to expect that eventually some of A short time after joining the company, this material would migrate to the library. plans for a new building were initiated, and As suggested in M. P. Hilligan's Libraries I was asked to estimate how muc-h space the for Research dnd 1ndn.rtt.y Plamlitzg and library would require to accommodate at Equipment, published by SLA in 1955, seven least five years' growth. Time was not avail- books and five bound periodicals per foot of able for visiting other libraries. Conse- shelving were taken as standards. Since re- quently, past experience as a user, worker, ports were to be stored on divider-type and visitor in other libraries plus a heavy shelves, a rough count on a sampling of our reliance on the literature, particularly the reports was made to complete the shelving Special Libraries "Planning the New Li- estimate. Forty reports per foot was decided brary" series, had to suffice. upon. This figure would vary with the per- Estimating expansion is always difficult, centage of ASTIA photocopies in one's collec- but it is especially so for the librarian new tion. Hilligan's recommended allotments for

One librarian is readily ac-

cessible at the service desk,

while another works in rela-

tive quiet behind the glass

partition. Area is near li-

brary entrance.

DECEMBER 1962 KEY TO FLOOR PLAN I. EXHIBIT CASE

2.REFERENCE 3. REFERENCE TABLE (2'ix 4') 4. BOOK CATALOG 5. IBM REPORTS INDEX

6. SERVICE DESK 7. DICTIONARY / ATLAS STAND 8. PEGBOARD DISPLAY BOARD 9. LOUNGE TABLE (2'~2s)

10. LOUNGE CHAIRS II. ROUND READING TABLE (3S'

12. CURRENT PERIODICAL DISPLAY SHELVES

13. BOOK SHELVES I LIBRARY 14. REPORT SHELVES 15. PERIODICAL SHELVES 16. ABSTRACT BAR IZ STUDY TABLE (3'~5') 18. MAP CASES 19. BOOK TRUCK 20. TYPEWRITER STAND

21. CATALOGING DESK 22. FILE CABINETS 23. ORDER DESK

24. WORK COUNTERS 25. SINK 26. VERIFAX COPIER 22 DELIVERY PORT

WORK AREA

2 4

27

Floor Plan of the Pickard & Burns, Inc. Library, Waltham, Massachusetts

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The current periodicals and

lounge area are away from

the mainstream of traffic.

Wall phone is for conven- ience of readers.

space between bookstacks, desks, tables, etc., the outside so that it would be accepted as were also followed. ,in emergency exit only. The door at the The result of the above procedure ad- ilarrow end was selected as the entrance since mittedly does not have any claim to great ~t was only a few feet away from the Re- precision. However, had the estimate of search Department and also only a few feet space requirements been questioned by man- away from the elevator, which connected agement, two facts would have been evident: with the Engineering Department. Having I) a method was used to arrive at the figure the entrance at the narrow end added to the and 2) the figure could be substantiated. layout problems present in such an elongated After this space estimate was accepted, we room, but it was felt that accessibility to its were requested to submit a floor plan. At this users was of prime importance. It was in time the building was still in the discussion solving these design problems that the archi- stage. Although it might seem to be wasted tect's advice was of particular help. effort to lay out a library arbitrarily, assign- ing it a shape, dimension, and windows, this User Area did not prove to be so. From this planning, To the right of the entrance is the ex- a clear understanding of the basic relation- hibit case containing the early instruments ships of the desired design was obtained. and notebooks of the company's late founder, Cabot, Cabot & Forbes was selected as the Greenleaf Whittier Pickard, who was a architect for the building. A two-story build- pioneer in early radio. Dr. Pickard's books ing was decided upon, with engineering and and journals form the nucleus of the present support services on the first floor and re- library collection. search, management, and sales on the second User and staff convenience were the basic floor. Since the Research Department used guidelines followed. In keeping with this, the library more frequently than the Engi- the reference section, dictionary, and map neering Department, the library was placed stand were placed near the entrance and on the second floor, and it was allotted the handy to both the service desk and work requested floor space. However, the final area. The book catalog and IBM reports in- plans were for a much longer, narrower dex cabinet are within "rolling distance" of room than might be considered ideal. the chair at the service desk but are also con- I have long been in faror of one-door li- venient to either the ordering or cataloging braries because of experienced forgetfulness desks in the work room. The service desk or reluctance of scientists to bother to sign now accommodates the IBM charge cards, out materials. For safety considerations, how- but if need be, they can be moved to the ever, the architect recommended a second IBM cabinet and still be within easy reach. exit. He suggested locking this door from The service desk lies between the stdcks and

DECEMBER 1962 and indexes were placed in the studv area. A makeshift abstract bar was devised by com- bining our old six-foot table with two of the available single-faced shelf units. The study table from the old librarv was &ced here to provide one spot in the library where one could come, spread out materials, and settle down for quiht, serious study, unseen and hopefully undisturbed. There was no at- tempt to make the study area decorative or esp&ally attractive, or tb match the furnish- ings in the rest of the library. In talking this over with various library users, the con- clusion was that the plainer the area, the more conducive it wouid be to serious study.

Work Area Beyond the reference shelves, the work- room is separated from the rest of the library Abstracts and indexes are placed on shelves by a partial glass partition. This helps con- over an abstract bar made from an old li- tain much of the noise while also keeping brary table. most of the library in view. While we progressed from plan to plan, the door so that one must pass this desk be- opinions and reactions were sought from fore leaving the library. the Library Committee and other frequent The lounge and browse area is opposite library users. In the first plan, there was no the book, unclassified report, and periodical service desk outside the glass partition. It stacks and adjacent to the display stacks for was interesting to note that different library current periodicals. This location, somewhat users had the same reaction to this. They removed from the heavier traffic near the did not like their librarians "under glass" door and from the noise of the work room, but felt that if a person was placed out in is afforded a reasonable amount of quiet. A the library, the users would consider them table was also put here so that there would much more approachable. In keeping with be a place to write near the stacks. this suggestion, a service desk was placed Since a large number of the bookshelves outside. on hand were of the single-faced wall type, The library was planned to start with a we tried to use these bookshelves as dividers staff of two. Upon examination of both the or partitions. The reference shelves separate professional and nonprofessional duties, it the front of the work room from the front was found that the duties could easily be of the library. We also wished to use these scheduled so that each one would spend one- single-faced shelves to separate the study half day at the service desk, the other half at area from the rest of the library. After dis- either the ordering or cataloging desk. This covering that all of these shelves would need allows each one to have both contact with floor to ceiling beams to support them, we users and some time for undisturbed work. decided to erect an eight-foot high plywood The Kardex unit for checking in journals was panel behind these shelves. This not only placed to the right of the delivery port in the produced a much quieter study area, but work room and adjacent to the sink and also improved the appearance from the front Verifax machine, used for copying journal of the library. The cost was less than the table of contents. The result of this counter- standard metal backs for these shelves. cupboard arrangement is that all the mail Since it was felt that a quiet area is de- can be received and checked in one spot. sirable for literature searching, the abstracts At the desk in front of the counter, the SPECIAL LIBRARIES ordering and other typing is done. This spot classified material could be processed here is also handy to the order-receiving records and so that the area could be used as a and the ordering tools, which are shelved classified reading room. A pegboard was above the work counter. Behind the other hung for display of classified brochures from desk, where the cataloging is done, are the Army, Navy, and Air Force describing shelves to hold the various cataloging tools the areas where research is wanted. The vault and the materials awaiting cataloging. The is easily supervised from either the work map cases also were placed in the work area area or the service desk. to limit direct user access and thereby help preserve order in the drawers. Furniture The library is not completely refurnished. Vault All shelving, furniture, and equipment on Having experienced the many advantages hand was used. The lounge area furnishings of using a vault to store classified material, I and other new furniture were selected by was most pleased when the request for one the Peabody Office Furniture Company, was granted. However, in my reading, I which did the interior decorating in the found surprisingly little information on rest of the building. The reference table, vaults beyond the statement of their de- service desk, cataloging desk, round refer- sirability. I was, therefore, at a loss when ence table, lounge tables, and chairs are all asked for the specifications for this vault. in Danish modern walnut. All desks and Knowing that the nearby Massachusetts In- tables except the low lounge tables have stitute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Formica tops. The lounge chairs are up- used a vault, I contacted its librarian. He ar- holstered in gold and brown Anton-Maix ranged an appointment for me with his se- fabric. For additional color, gold and sienna curity officer, who informed me that there seats were selected for the other chairs. The are no written specifications as such, since walls are antique white; the windows are requirements are dependent on, and vary draped in a beige fiberglass material. The with, the security provisions (such as guards, beige and brown floor is in keeping with the alarms, etc.) of the facility as a whole. His autumn colors used throughout the library. advice was to contact our cognizant military All the shelving is Remington Rand: di- office, inform them of our facility's security vider type is used for the reports and un- provisions, and ask them for the specifica- bound periodicals; regular for the books and tions of a vault in such a facility. This is bound volumes. To maintain the same color good advice and can save the expense of scheme and to improve the appearance, the costly construction changes. old files and map cases will be sprayed to A desk was placed in the vault so that the match the surf green shelving.

Librarian accepts delivery

from corridor through a wall

port, eliminating added li-

brary traffic in work room.

Library supplies are on

shelves above. Filing cabi-

nets hold order records and

pending files.

DECEMBER 1962 In Retrospect home. Their reluctance to sit in this open We have now been in our new building area, in these lovely chairs, was thankfully about a year. The advantage of procrastina- short-lived, but it did take time for our tion in writing such a paper as this is that people to become accustomed to the new we have had the time to consider the changes surroundings and to use the new facilities. we would make if we were starting anew. As might also be expected, the Engineer- Although we are pleased with the light For- ing Department is using the library much mica on top of the work counter, the prac- more than when it was housed in a separate ticality of having Formica as dark as walnut building. In order to call attention to li- is questionable as fingermarks leave a stain brary materials, we put up a bulletin board that can only be removed by washing. just outside the cafeteria where both engi- The delivery port, which has sliding neering and research people pass by daily. doors, is too low. Even though there is no Posted here are photocopies of journal tables need to see in to leave material on the of contents, book jackets, and other notices. counter, most people seemingly would pre- Our much larger quarters have enabled us fer to. Also, from the corridor, it resembles to set up various types of displays. Probably a food slide in a cafeteria. Up to the present, the most effective of these was a collection close to 100 orders for ham on rye have of library materials relating to a subject that been smilingly received. is of particular interest to our company. We Since we did not initially install shelving found that the use of a pegboard and the to accommodate a year or two's expansion, library book truck was much more effective it would have been better to have set up the than the distribution of a printed bibliog- shelves not at the wall but at the other end raphy. This display was timed to coincide of the proposed stacks. This would have with the visit of a government group who presented a better appearance during the was considering the company for a contract "start up" period. in this particular field. There has been another interesting ob- As is usually the case, the library has be- servation. After the new furniture was in- come a display item in showing visitors our stalled, there was a decrease in the amount facility. To assist the people conducting these of reading of current journals in the lounge tours, a list was distributed, pointing out li- area. We observed this among some mem- brary features that might impress visitors bers of our research group who frequented with the company's technical capability. our old library and who, for two weeks after When desirable, one or two of these points our move, sat on boxes or leaned against map may be chosen and added to the traditional, .cases and read-seemingly happy and at "This is the library !"

VITAL STATISTICS FOR PICKARD & BURNS, INC. LIBRARY Total square foot area 21 80 Staff 1% Professional 1 Nonprofessional ?h Employees served at location 120 Services extended to other areas Occasional service to parent company Average number of users per day 20 Books and bound and unbound periodicals as of October 15, 1962 8600 Current periodical subscriptions 185 Vertical file drawers 12 Date of completion December 15, 1961 Planned by librarian and architect Special facilities or equipment: Verifax Copier; use of Data Processing Department's IBM key punch.

602 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Workshop for Librarv Assistants

o VIEW A TOTAL operation in perspective by lecturers, and had the Workshop tape T shows the relationship of the various recorded. Invitations were mailed to the parts and assures each worker in a field of managers of special libraries in the area, to the importance of his contribution to the hospital libraries, and members of the Amer- whole effort. This awareness has, as by- ican Documentation Institute; and notices products, greater teamwork, better quality were mailed to companies with research de- performance, and greater enthusiasm for partments listed with the San Francisco more efficient accomplishment. Chamber of Commerce. One mailing was The Education Committee of the San made in July and the second at the end of Francisco Bay Region Chapter of the Special August. The fee was $20 to include four Libraries Association has recently spurred lectures, lunches, and coffee breaks. such enthusiasm in 86 participants at a suc- Business firms, publishers and library sup- cessful Workshop for Library Assistants rep- pliers made contributions of hand-out ma- resenting 43 different libraries. This project terials-dividends that provided practical in- was held at the University of San Francisco, formation and added a touch of pleasure at September 13-14, and was planned to pro- coffee breaks and lunch. contributors were: vide a background of fundamentals to lead Remington Rand, Gaylord Bros., Demco Li- to a clearer understanding of basic library brary Supplies, Bro-Dart Industries, all en- operations and to explain the role of the li- cyclopedia companies, H. W. Wilson Com- brary assistant in his environment. pany, Library of Congress, Bank of America, The emphasis was placed on what the op- Stacey's Scientific Book Center, Pacific Tele- erations are and why they exist, rather than phone & Telegraph, San Francisco Conven- on how they are performed. To increase their tion and Visitor's Bureau, Leslie-Spice Islands understanding and appreciation of the true Sales Co., Dow-Corning Corp., and many

,ontent of librarianship, the aim was to ex- I~ublishers. plain what lies behind the activities clerical The sessions were divided into four parts, workers perform in their daily routines. each one-half day. Although the speaker The project was under the chairmanship could organize as he wished, there was a of Mrs. Margaret Uridge, the members of tentative plan for the first hour to be a lec- the Education Committee, and the coordi- ture and after the coffee break, a laboratory nator of the workshop, Mrs. Dorothy Wil- period. An outline with an extensive bibliog- !iams. Speakers were Mrs. Margaret Rocq, raphy was distributed at the beginning of retired librarian, Standard Oil Company; each lecture. Marjorie Griffin, Librarian, IBM Advanced PARTI. The History of the Library covered Systems Development ; Robert S. Meyer, the variety of libraries, with emphasis on the Head Librarian, UC Lawrence Radiation special library, its place and purpose in Laboratory; Mrs. Uridge, Head, Interlibrary parent organization, administrative relation- Service, University of California. ships, personnel needs, and the materials a Meetings were held during July, August, library handles and their definitions. At this and September to discuss the contents of each opening laboratory period the participants presentation and to avoid duplication in the were shown two movies, Help Yourself and detailed arrangements for a smooth-flowing Greatest Trea~ure,the latter an excellent film workshop. Further preparations, under the on the scope of the collections and opera- responsibility of the coordinator, included tions of the Library of Congress. organization of publicity, arrangements at PART11. Acquisition of Library Materials the University of San Francisco, and details covered the selection of materials, book deal- of enrollment. She also introduced the ers, ordering special types of publications, speakers, kept them to a time schedule, ar- non-book materials, dissertations, translations, ranged for audio-visual equipment needed technical reports, government documents, DECEMBER 1962 maps, and pamphlets, records necessary in some visual presentation; to allot more time ordering, receipt of orders, claiming overdue to the handling and processing of reports ; to orders, payments, gifts, periodicals, and the include more about book mending; to plan types of material handled in interlibrary a visit to a model library or one with unusual loan, as well as varying policies. facilities ; and (this was stressed by several), PART 111. Processing of Library Matevial to show more &-to-date films on libraries. was divided into four parts: books, serials, It was suggested that a movie of a special reports, and miscellaneous materials. Classi- library on the East Coast and one on the fication and cataloging were illustrated with West Coast be made available through the slides to show types of cards and their de- Special Libraries Association. The lecturers, velopment. Also discussed were book label- too, felt that this could have been valuable. ling, the different methods of filing, arrange- Managers of libraries responded, after dis- ment of periodicals, binding problems, the cussions with their representatives, that the reasons for handling non-book materials dif- participants had enjoyed the meeting and ferently (for example, for identification and found it most informative. Assistants had retrieval), patents, classified and unclassified been motivated to restudy their work as they reports, clippings, maps, government docu- gained a better perspective of the entire li- ments, pictures, and trade literature. brary operation and their place in it. PART IV. Library Services included cir- AII atmosphere of genial hospitality was culation, scanning literature for routing, created by introducing every member of the abstracting, reference, stack supervision, and audience and then arranging for special in- maintenance (involving inventory and shelv- troductions for assistants from similar li- ihg) , and public relations. The laboratory braries or with similar workloads to exchange period was a highlight with a "what should ideas. The coffee breaks and lunch periods we do" question period and an entertaining provided time for sharing experiences and and instructive movie, A Manner of Speak- the chance to make valuable contacts. ing, produced by the Pacific Telephone and Tangible benefits to SLA came through Telegraph Company in San Francisco. learning that some of the attendees were pre- The two-day Workshop closed with a brief paring-for future library school training, talk by Glenn Maynard, President of the that several were eligible for membership SLA San Francisco Bay Region Chapter, dis- and expressed their desire to join, and that cussing the activities of the Chapter and re- new companies in the area were interested quirements for membership. A summary of in establishing libraries. (Their names were the intent of the Workshop focused attention forwarded to the Employment Chairman.) on the basic ideas of library practice, the Although the Workshop was developed similarity of the problems in different types primarily for the special library's non-profes- of libraries, and the importance of the li- sional, there were representatives from pub- brary assistants who constitute two-thirds of lic, state, and university libraries, some of the librarv staffs. whom came not to learn, but to see how to Each participant was presented with a conduct and plan a workshop.

Certificate of Completion signed by the co- The success of the Worksho~I is reflected ordinator. Also, each participant was urged in the continuing requests for information to complete a "helpful hints" form, with on future workshops and for copies of the suggestions for improvements since this was bibliographies. To retain some of the en- a "first" and an experiment. thusiasm generated by this experiment in Constructive comments from participants enlightenment, the San Francisco Bay Re- to help in planning future workshops in- gion Chapter proposes to accept and act upon cluded suggestions to split the group in sec- the recommendations to I) repeat the work- tions on the basis of experience; to have shop biennially, and 2) to edit a manual on more audience participation with planned Hoz~to Organize n Library Work.rbop. methods for stimulating questions and dis- EDUCATIONCOMMITTEE - A cussion; to suggest that each lecturer have San Francisco Bay Region Chapter SPECIAL LIBRARIES They Came to Listen HE RECRUITMENTand Training Com- STUDENTWORK: Part-time or summer work T mittee of the New York Chapter recently in special libraries is generally unavailable presented a recruitment program for an au- to students. Because of this lack of oppor- dience we did not want to recruit! Neverthe- tunity, they rarely know the difference be- less, our Wor~ksbopfor Special Library Ca- tween such a library and the school or public reer Coumeli~zgwas a resounding success. libraries they have observed. The possibility Our primary object was to make the SLA of cooperation with college placement offices recruitment folders in the files of college for part-time or summer jobs for recruitment placement offices and library schools come candidates is worth reconsidering. alive. To accomplish this, we wanted to in- troduce ourselves and our profession on a SOCIALAND GEOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENT : personal and lively basis. In turn, we hoped Young people today are most concerned with to learn from the 40 college placement coun- the social and geographical environment in sellors and directors who attended just what which they work. They are seeking new young people seek (or avoid) in the selec- friends and a touch of excitement (such as tion of a career and how best we might direct advertising or publishing is thought to offer) our recruitment efforts to reach this potential. in their lives and hope to find it through During the first half of the meeting our their choice of a career. SLA can offer both, guests had an opportunity to see the recruit- but we must seek ways to emphasize this. ment literature we had available and examine THE OLDER WORKER: Women college the displays picturing many different kinds graduates in increasing numbers are planning of special libraries in action. The informality to return to work when their children reach of this part of the program, during which school age or older. Many of them have we served coffee and had an opportunity to turned to their alumnae placement services meet our guests personally, did much to for help and guidance. They, in turn, asked establish the rapport that developed during us what, if any, were the opportunities for the later talks and discussion period. these workers on a full- or part-time basis, A panel of speakers, highly representative what would be required in terms of skills of the special library profession, presented and training, and what future could we offer concise, stimulating, and very much to the them. pint facts about special library careers. Eliz- abeth Ferguson, "What's Special About a RECRUITMENTPROGRAM : Within less than Special Librarian," Janet Bogardus, "Educa- a week after the meeting, three colleges in- tional Qualifications and Training Needed vited SLA speakers to talk to their students for a Special Librarian," and Robert W. regarding careers in special libraries. In ad- Gibson, Jr., "Job Opportunities in Special dition, we have received numerous requests Libraries," offered information to assist the for additional copies of the recruitment lit- audience in selling our profession to their erature we distributed. students. The lively discussion period was as inter- The Recruitment and Training Committee esting to the Committee as it obviously was of the New York Chapter feel that this is to our guests. A report of the highlights and only the beginning of an active recruitment some of the questions raised are, we feel, program in our area. Our guests came to important to pass along to the entire Asso- listen, stayed to talk, and then went home to ciation. ponder. SALARY:It would be helpful if we could develop data relating education, subject spe- cialty, and geography to starting salary and Recruitment and Training Committee expected salary in succeeding years. New York Chapter DECEMBER 1962 CURRENT CONCENTRATES Of The Library World

Special Librarians Need Their Own Research tive, cooperative, economic, experimental PECIAL LIBRARIES, by their nature, must (manual vs. machine data handling, eg.). S have information on current research and . . . To be sure there are many good de- development in their appropriate fields of scriptive articles on library plans, practices, interest; that is why they exist. But in order personnel, and need for performance stand- to continue to improve their services (and ards. . . . And there are many more or less enhance their prestige) they must also know theoretical papers on all sorts of esoteric something about, and be involved in, current terms, machines, concepts, and processes. All research and development in their own op- of these no doubt serve their special pur- erations, systems, and information retrieval poses. But solid special-library break-through problems; and too many are not. "Special studies are indeed rare. libraries" (as a subject area) accounted for No wonder management is not always cer- only 4 per cent of all areas covered by statis- tain where, or even whether, a library be- tical library surveys made by nonacademic longs in an industrial or research organization institutions during the past four years (the or a business firm. If special librarians are same . . . as reported for the area of library not vitally concerned about their own infor- education). Of all the sponsors of such sur- mation systems, operations, and services, and veys "individual academic and public libraries about improving and expanding them, who and private companies" (all lumped to- should be? But where are special librarians gether) accounted for just 9 per cent. (Fed- going to get the necessary inspiration, mo- eral and state agencies and national associa- tivation, instruction, and experience in meth- tions accounted for the rest.) The subject ods of research and evaluation that they must areas of nonstatistical research projects could have in order to make the profound studies? not readily be identified with specific kinds Only 12 library schools, it is reported, are of libraries, but it is of some interest to note doing even any kind of research in library that only two per cent of the total number science, and only eight of these are doing were devoted to methods of research and very much. Maybe there is a need for gradu- evaluation, 6 per cent to readers services, and ate schools of science information or of spe- 7 per cent to personnel and training. No cial librarianship. . -. . sponsors of these projects were identified Cooperation among libraries (especially in particularly with special libraries, but some acquisitions, in technical processing, and in 26 per cent of them were identified as pri- reference work), with attendant service fees vate research companies or others not li- if need be, is one of the great untapped brarians. . . . A quick check of the May sources of growth and strength for all li- 1961 Cuwe~ztKesenvch ijz Scieztific Docu- braries of whatever type; and the sooner 17zentatiox (National Science Foundation) special libraries find this out the more effi- indicates that at least 78 per cent of the 95 clent and the more effective their operations projects reported were sponsored or worked and services will become. . . . Cooperation on by private research companies, unitrersi- extends . . . to all levels of information ties, agencies, and others not librarians. work. . . . All by way of saying that not very much Extracted from "Implications for the Special Li- solid information is available either about or brary" by George S. Bonn in Journal of Eduru- from special libraries, evaluative, compara- tlon fop L~bvu~ia~zsblp,vol. 2, no. 4, Spring 1962.

606 SPECIAL LIBRARIES NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK

How Many Times Is Enough?

The fifth freedom... enjoy it!

Yes, it's that time again-and what are you going to do about it? As long as there is a need to tell our employers, our clients, and our business and community contacts about special librarianship, there is a need for National Library Week. This is the golden op- portunity for each library to look beyond its own functions and open wide its doors to others. This is the golden opportunity when all librarians have their sights set in the same direction, and we are backed by nation-wide publicity geared solely to the idea of books, reading, and librarianship. How many times is enough? When librarians no longer have a story to tell; when librarians no longer look to bigger and better libraries; when libraries no longer have to be promoted to management, employees, etc.-then we shall say, "Enough." In the meantime, there is a lot you can do about National Library Week, which will be celebrated April 21-27, 1963. Displays, open houses, joint programs with public or other libraries, publications, radio, W and/or newspaper publicity-these and many more channels of communication afford great opportunities. If you like, colorful and attractive display aids may be purchased from National Library Week Headquarters. Order forms may be obtained by writing Promotional Aids, National Library Week, P.O. Box 700, Great Neck, Long Island, New York, or SLA Headquarters. Your program may win a prize for your Chapter. Procter & Gamble has generously agreed to donate $100 for the most effective Library Week project carried by a special library in the membership of SLA in the United States and Canada. Details of the com- petition will be published in a later issue of Special Libraries. The 1963 National Library Week's theme is: Read-the fifth freedom-enjoy it! Enjoyment in reading; enjoyment in new horizons; enjoyment in new achievements. Take advantage of National Library Week-take advantage of its opportunities. MRS.ELIZABETH M. HUTCHINS SLA Representative to the National Book Committee

DECEMBER 1962 607 Developments in Photoreproduction

LORETTA J. KIERSKY, Librarian Air Reduction Company, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey Chairman, Committee on Photographic Reproduction

EVERAL NEWLY designed high-speed mi- demonstrated at two equipment shows this S crofilm search systems have incorporated year by 3M Microfilm Products Division, a novel feature, the film magazine, or film Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Com- cartridge as it is often called in commercial pany, St. Paul, Minnesota. It combines the systems. It is a light-tight container holding functions of camera and processor in one microfilm that can quickly and easily be in- unit to convert an original record to a fully serted into a microfilm reader. When it is processed aperture card. This can be done in inserted into a microfilm reader-printer, the less than a minute. combined feature of print-out permits an A cartridge containing 500 Filmsort Cam- enlargement to be obtained in seconds. All era Cards is loaded into the left side of the that is required of the user is to select the table-top size camera. Each of the cards has appropriate cartridge from a bank of coded a "C" size aperture frame of unexposed cartridges and insert it into the chamber of 35mm microfilm. As the originals are to be the machine. copied they are placed upon a copyboard at In these systems the wanted image is the front of the camera. Each time a button found by means of an automatic or a semi- is pressed a Camera Card is exposed and de- automatic image-finding device that is veloped. The finished 35mm microfilm aper- coupled to the machine. The use of the cure card is obtained from the right hand magazine facilitates handling of the micro- side of the machine. The entire process takes film by eliminating the possibility of finger place in a fully lighted room. marks and scratches as well as the problem The camera has a fixed reduction of 16 of attaching the film to a spool. The image- diameters. The machine accepts originals up finding device saves time by locating a par- to 18 x 18 inches in size. It also has the ca- ticular image in seconds. pability to microfilm both front and back of The Recordak Lodestar reader-printer used an 8% x 11 inch original in one "C" site with the ARIES (Authentic Representation aperture card. The approximate cost per card of an Independent Earth Satellite) spce li- is five cents. The price of the machine is brary accepts magazines containing at present $1995. about four million pages of microfilmed in- A portable, high-speed, rotary (flow) type formation. Commercial systems can be pur- camera designed for microfilming documents chased that index catalog-type information. up to 12% inches wide and of unlimited The VSMF (Vendors Specifications Micro- length is available from Federal Manufac- film File) and CSMC (Chemical Specifications turing Corporation, Garden City, New York. Microfilm Catalog) file are two such systems The camera has a reduction ratio of 24 on that make use of the film magazine file to 100 foot rolls of l6mm microfilm. Data or obtain information on specifications, manu- other type information can be easily inserted facturers, and suppliers in the electronics, for recording along the edge of the micro- aircraft, missiles, and chemical industries. film. Documents are copied as quickly as they Such film files are up-dated on a regular are fed into the machine. The copied orig- basis. This new aid in microfilm systems has inals are returned to the front of the camera great potential. It may have applications for in correct sequence. The microfilm is loaded indexing the publications of scientific and in daylight, no dark room is required. An technical societies and associations. audible warning system is activated when A new special type camera called the there is less than four feet of microfilm left. "Filmsort 1000" Processor-Camera has been A footage indicator also shows the amount 608 SPECIAL LIBRARIES of unexposed microfilm remaining. A lock- A choice of two papers is available. Stand- ing device prevents accidental film exposure. ard Copytron pape;used for reference copies The removal of exposed film is possible at costs about .025 cents for an 8% x 11 inch anytime. The camera model MF 16A is 26 size copy. Premium Copytron paper costs inches long, 15% inches wide, and 7% about ,035 cents for the same size copy but this cow can be used as an offset mastir. The inches high, and weighs 21 pounds. The I J price is $795. copies are stacked sequentially as they come Copytron Model 2000, an electrostatic off the machine, no collating is required. copier, has just been introduced by Charles Machine dimensions are 49 inches wide, Bruning, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois. This with feedboard, 48 inches high, 44 inches machine copies any document that measures deep, without feedboard. The weight is 480 up to 11 x 17 inches, or 11 inches x any Ibs. It operates on 220 volts, single phase, reasonable length. Copies can be made from 60 cyclei~ternatin~current. The machine is one or two-sided originals, carbon copies, or available on a 36-month lease-purchase plan photostats, including those with colors, half- or at the list price of $2995. The manufac- tone illustrations, solid areas, and ball-point turer hopes to offer a book copier accessory pen images. within the next six months. The first copy is delivered in about 17 The National Aeronautics and Space Ad- seconds, after which additional copies may ministration (NASA) has selected the 5 x 8 be obtained at the rate of four seconds each. inch flat film transmrencv as its microfilm In the process taking place in the machine a medium. Each transparency is capable of uniform electrostatic charge is placed di- holding 70 microfilmed document pages of rectly onto the paper. Next the optical system scientific and technical information. The flat scans the original and projects the image film transparency is similar in concept to the from the original to the paper. A dry black microfiche used in Germany and the Nether- powder, called toner, is automatically lands. It is easily handled and filed, has good brushed over the surface of the paper and image quality and can be used in reader- adheres to the image area. The toner is then printers to obtain hard copy. The system was fused (or "melted") into the paper to form designed by Documentation, Inc., Washing- a permanent black image. Demonstration ton, D. C. A commercial system called copies made by this machine appear to be Docuform is being marketed. One applica- very sharp and clean without background tion of the system would be to chemical shadow. patents in the United States. Metals Division 13th Annual Fall Meeting The 13th Annual Fall Meeting of the hibit were distributed. Those members at- Metals Division of the Special Libraries As- tending the Fall Meeting had an opportunity sociation was held in conjunction with the Thursday morning to visit the exhibits at the 44th National Metal Congress and 1962 Metals Show. World Metal Show in New York City from On Wednesday morning, October 31, October 31 to November 2, 1962, with head- Metals Division members and their guests quarters at the Barbizon-Plaza Hotel. toured the United Nations Library. The new The Metals Show was housed on three building covers six levels; two of the three floors of the Coliseum with more than 300 levels below ground house the stacks. Their exhibitors participating. The SLA booth at- collection comprises from 400,000 to 500,- tracted many visitors, who were able to view 000 volumes on the social sciences, IAW,eco- a typical collection of books and periodicals nomics, and their related subjects. This li- for the metal industry, a Lectrofile, a Ther- brary, we found, is not a collector of old mofax Reader Printer and a microcard reader. books, and therefore, constant weeding is Bibliographies especially prepared for the ex- necessary to keep the collection current. In DECEMBER 1962 609 the afternoon, we were greeted at the En- that are being generated constantly. A lively gineering Societies Library, 345 East 47th discussion followed the completion of the Street, by Dr. Ralph Phelps. Here, we toured papers. the reading room, the stacks, cataloging Thursday evening, the Metals Division room, and the photocopying room, andsaw joined the New York Chapter, Science-Tech- the preliminary steps that go into the pub- nology Division members for a dinner at the lishing of the Engineering Index, Inc. We Barbizon-Plaza Hotel. Lee Traven, Socony were informed that the reading room of the Mobil Oil Co., Inc., was toastmaster for the Library is open to the public, and their serv- affair, and Louis Vaczek, scientist, author ices of searching, photocopying and translat- and teacher, was guest speaker. His topic ing are available to both members and non- was "The Relationship Between the Indi- members. vidual Scientist and the Individual Layman." After a luncheon for the speakers, the Friday morning's technical session cover- Thursday afternoon session was o~ened ing "The Old Nonferrous Metals in the with a few welcoming words from James New Age" was presided over by Elsie Ray, Dodd, Chairman of Metals Division. George Librarian of the Anaconda Company. Dr. Aguirre, Librarian of Esso Standard Eastern, Charles H. Moore, Director of International Inc., presided, while Dr. Luther H. Evans, Copper Research Association, Inc., in his Director of International and Legal Collec- paper on "Planning Copper's Future" dis- tions of Columbia University, was moderator cussed the ten major programs being carried of the symposium on "The Diffusion of out in various laboratories to further the use Technological Change." Dr. Edwin Mans- of copper in industrial and consumer prod- field, Director, Carnegie Research Project on ucts. Ernest W. Horvick, Director of Tech- Technical Change and Economic Growth, nical Services, American Zinc Institute, in spoke on "The Process of Technical Change." his talk "Zinc in Modern Living," concen- Some of the determinants of the productivity trated his remarks on the applications of zinc of research and development, the charac- with particular reference to the new uses. teristics of innovating firms, rewards for in- "What We Are Doing to Meet Today's novation, effects of innovation, and the de- Demands for Brass Mill Products" was pre- terminants of the rate of acceptance of sented by Gilbert C. Strubell, Administra- innovations were discussed. R. Ned Landon, tive Director, Research and Metallurgy, Manager of Research Information, Research Anaconda Brass Company. Mr. Strubell Application Department, General Electric Co. Research Laboratory, gave a lively talk spoke of the basic research being carried on on "Innovation and Inertia in Industry," to develop new alloys with better properties. describing a case history of how one indus- The last speaker, Stanley B. Roboff, Presi- trial research laboratory is seeking ways of dent, General Astrometals Corporation, dis- speeding the application of new ideas re- cussed the particular problems which must sulting from basic scientific research. Mrs. be met by metals in the space effort. The Virginia Seidel, Librarian, International nonferrous metals which appear promising Nickel Co., Inc., very ably discussed "The to meet the requirements are beryllium, the Role of the Librarian in the Diffusion of refractory metals and the refractory inter- Technological Change" and enumerated the metallics. roles both management and the librarian Our thanks go to all the members of the play in the diffusion of technological change. Metal Division and the New York Chapter, The last speaker, Alvin Knoerr, Editor, Science-Technology Division who so gen- Mining and Engineering Journal, stated that erously gave of their time and effort to make the editorial offices of a publication can be a the Fall Meeting and the SLA booth success- vital stimulus to progress in a particular field ful. by rejecting that which is irrelevant, useless AUDREYA. HUNTER or repetitive; and by gleaning and emphasiz- Public Relations Chairman ing the forward looking ideas and techniques Metals Division, SLA SPECIAL LIBRARIES Displaying Periodicals the lower one, and the display can be con- To attract the interest of scientists and tinued 's many meters as One wants. To fix research workers scientific publications the device to the you need a have discovered the importance of good, Screw through the shelf from below about attractive layouts on their front covers. each meter.

ing up too much space, a slight overlap- ping is maintained. By adjusting the de- A detail of the Plexiglass display holder vice according to the pertinent interest, we can display from five up to 12 periodicals With this device we are displaying the on each meter of a shelf. We have found latest issue of about 800 periodicals in al- that about ten periodicals per meter gives a phabetical order. Those we have entered good display. during the latest week are displayed on a The device consists of a piece of Plexi- shelf just near the entrance to the library. glass with a piece of wood on each side, Our scientists have appreciated this way of fixed in such a way that they interlock with exposing new periodicals. overlapping pieces on each side. A screw in the upper wood piece fixes the piece to Periodicals File on Living Cards In Europe various firms manufacture card files called "living cards." In each card two plates of black sheet iron are in- serted. In the file box two magnetic rods are located along the sides. The magnetic field maintained by the magnets causes a repulsion between the cards. Thus, the card file is easy to scan, and if a card is taken out for notation, a gap will be heId open, which makes it easy to return the card in its proper place. We use this type of file for periodicals, and we have found that the favourable magnetic properties have increased during Unique periodical display and shelving ar- the years we have used the cards in the file. rangement used in a Swedish technical li- BJORN TELL,Librarian brary. New journals are exhibited on shelves Aktiebolaget Atomenergi at end of aisle, near entrance to library. Stockholm, Sweden DECEMBER 1962 61 1 Awe qau Ad...

ALA Special Conference Scientific Management Conferences Program planning for a "Conference within Scientific management as a necessary disci- a Conference" has recently been initiated by pline for the technological progress of under- the American Library Association's Chicago developed nations was discussed at an Octo- Conference Program Committee, under the ber 10-13 meeting of the European Council chairmanship of ALA President James E. of the International Committee of Scientific Bryan, through the appointment of Phyllis Management in Rome. Similar regional con- Maggeroli, Adult Education Consultant for ferences were held in Buenos Aires, Novem- the Illinois State Library, as Special Program ber 5-10, and Manila, November 18-24, all Director. The program theme, "An Inquiry in preparation for the 13th International into the Needs of Libraries and Students," Management Congress to be held in New will explore, according to Mr. Bryan, "the York City September 1963. trends of society, their effect on the educa- tional process, and implications of these for Information Sciences Center at Lehigh students in libraries," at the 1963 Annual A Center for the Information Sciences has Conference. been organized at Lehigh University as a di- vision of the library. R. S. Taylor, Associate Library Scholarships & Fellowships Librarian, along with an Advisory Commit- Library school graduates under 45 who are tee of faculty members, directs the various interested in rare book librarianship may operations of the Center. These include re- apply for two INDIANAUNIVERSITY LILLY search in information sciences, the establish- LIBRARYFellowships for 1963-64. Fellows ment of additional information centers, and will receive $5,000 for the year and must a graduate program of instruction, which, reside in Bloomington. The study program during the 1963-64 term, will cover the use will consist of bibliographical methods, the and flow of scientific information, sources, antiquarian book trade, and the organization linguistic and information analysis, and the and management of rare book and special design and evaluation of systems. During collection departments or libraries. For fur- the 1962-63 term, 12 seminars are being con- ther information write to Cecil K. Byrd, As- ducted for faculty and students as well as sociate Director, Indiana University Libraries, other interested persons. before March 15, 1963. Several graduate assistantships for a master's Seek American Library Experience or doctoral degree in a subject field other The International Relations Office of the than library science will be offered by the American Library Association is conduct- UNIVERSITYOF FLORIDALIBRARIES, Gaines- ing a survey of libraries in the United \rille, during 1963-64. A $2,250 stipend will States that are interested in employing require 15 hours of library duty a week, and foreign librarians, either on a permanent a $3,000 stipend, 20 hours. Applications may or temporary basis. From the list already be obtained from the Director of Libraries. compiled, foreign librarians are urged to The return deadline is March 15, 1963. contact the library of their choice directly. Three $1,000 scholarships for M.A. candi- Libraries wishing to receive applications dates in library science are available for the from the foreign librarians can be placed 1963-64 academic term at the UNIVERSITY on the list by indicating the type and na- OF MINNESOTALIBRARY SCHOOL, Minne- tionality of personnel they can use and the apolis. Applications should be returned to minimum term of employment. Informa- Wesley Simonton, Acting Director, before tion should be sent to IRO, ALA, at 50 February 1, 1963. East Huron Street, Chicago 11. 612 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Two Medical Librarianship Courses Members in the News Students with at least 15 quarter hours of LEE ASH, for five years the Editor and Re- library science may attend two medical li- search Analyst for Yale University's Library brarianship courses at the Graduate School of Selection Book Retirement Program and Library Science, DREXELINSTITUTE OF former Editor of the Libravy Journal, will TECHNOLOGY.Completion of the courses, join the faculty of the Graduate School of "Medical Bibliography" and "Medical Li- Library Science at Drexel Institute of Tech- brarianship," given during the winter and nology as an assistant professor of library spring quarters of 1963, will lead to certifi- science. He continues as editor and publisher cation as a medical librarian by Drexel and of Arn~vicatz Notes & Queries and main- as a Medical Librarian Grade I by the Med- tains his home in New Haven. ical Library Association. Tuition for each ALVANW. CLARK,Librarian at Fort Bel- two-credit course is $55. Applications may be voir, Virginia, retired recently after 30 years obtained from the Office of Admissions. of service. He received a plaque and gifts from the U.S. Army Mobility Command's New Transparent Binder Engineer Research and Development Lab- The Marador Corporation is marketing the oratories. Aladdin no. 140, a transparent vinyl binder MRS. DOROTHYM. CROSLAND,Director of with a slip-in vinyl pocket for magazine Libraries at Georgia Institute of Technology, covers and a metal holding bar. The binder was honored October 18 with a presentation is bonded electronically and contains no of her portrait, painted by A. Henry Nord- stitching or adhesives. It comes in 14 sizes, hausen, American artist. The painting, a and its prices range from $1 to $1.90. Order gift from the Georgia Tech Library staff, from the above company, 1722 Glendale alumni, and friends, will hang in the Price Boulevard, Los Angeles 26. Gilbert Memorial Library.

Book Review velops the science of information storage and re- trieval . . .). The three are subsumed under the PROCEEDINGSOF THE CONFERENCESON TRAINING SCIENCEINFORMATION SPECIALISTS, October 12- general heading of science information specialists. 13, 1961, April 12-13, 1962. Atlanta: Georgia In- The first Conference, organized as discussion groups, considered both short-range and long- stitute of Technology, 1962. 139 p. Apply. range programs for the training of science infor- The Conferences reported in these Proceedings mation specialists. The results of these discussions were supported by a National Science Foundation were reviewed and studied later by committees at grant to the Georgia Institute of Technology to Georgia Tech, and the reports of these committees study the feasibility of training programs for sci- were presented at the second Conference in April ence information specialists. The title of this of 1962. volume is a slight misnomer: whereas the Proceed- At the second Conference the reports of the ings of the second Conference are reported ver- Georgia Tech committees referred to above were batim, the first Conference is only summarized supplemented by university and industry repre- (Appendix 11, p. 116-23). sentatives' short papers describing existing course Like the prior study. Science Informatioe Per- offerings or proposed training programs for science sonnel, by Leonard Cohan and Kenneth Craven information specialists. The volume also contains, (New York: Science Information, 1961), this as Appendix 111, the report of a committee trip to volume contains definitions that make the proceed- survey and evaluate European training programs ings more meaningful to all readers. These defini- for documentalists. tions include distinctions between the science li- There is much here worth reading for special brarian (a librarian who has an acquaintance librarians, library school administrators, and oth- with science and a knowledge of the literature of ers. In contrast to the Cohan and Craven study, science), a technical literature analyst (one trained these Proceedings rely less on survey results than in a substantive technical field and who has a on the opinion of experts. Recruitment of person- thorough knowledge of technical literature), and nel for this new field remains a major problem, an information scientist (one who studies and de- and foundation support, recommended by several DECEMBER 1962 participants, does not appear to this reviewer to Superintendent of Documents, US. Government be a satisfactory long-term solution. Although evi- Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. are: vol. 1, dence is presented to convince the reader of the January-June 1959, $1.50 ; vol. 2, July-December need for training more science information spe- 1959, $3; 001. 3, January-June and vol. 4, July- cialists, problems of initial support, of the cur- December 1960, both $1. Indexes scheduled for ricula, of remuneration and of placement were completion in 1963 are: vol. 5, January-June 1961, not resolved at the Conferences. January 15 ; vol. 6, July-December 1961, February The publication lacks the conventional imprint 15; vol. 7, January-June 1962, March 15; and information one usually finds on a title page. The vol. 8, July-December 1962, April 15. organization of the material is a bit awkward, and an index would have facilitated this reviewer's Michigan Chapter Directory use of the volume. The Michigan Chapter has recently published its Full agreement among participants on concepts, Membership Directory 1962-1963, which is availa- curricula, and methods for training science infor- ble to non-Chapter members for $1. Copies may be mation specialists is not to be expected in a field obtained from Mrs. Mildred K. Hulme, Dearborn that is still in its formative stage. But the fact Public Library, 22100 Michigan Avenue, Dear- that these conferences and proceedings have fo- born, Michigan. cused increased attention on this problem repre- New Serials sents a contribution for which we should all be grateful. AUTOMATICAis a quarterly devoted to the field of DR. L. A. LINDER,Manager electronics and automated data processing. An- Technical Information Service nual subscriptions are available from Pergamon Aeronutronic Division, Ford Motor Company Press, Inc. at $30 for libraries and institutions and Newport Beach, California $10 to individuals. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF ENGINEERINGSCI- Russian Reference Bibliography Published ENCE,a quarterly published for physicists, chem- Guide to Russian Reference and Language Aids: ists, mathematicians, and engineers, attempts to SLA Bibliography no. 4 has been issued by the foster original research in the application of the Association for $4.25. Compiled by Rosemary natural and mathematical sciences to engineering. Neiswender, Assistant Librarian, RAND Corpora- Available to libraries and institutions for $30 a tion, the body of the text is devoted to selected, year and to individuals for $10. Published by annotated listings of more than 225 current text- Pergamon Press, Inc. books and readers, records, dictionaries, glossaries, JOURNALOF NEUROPHARMACOLOGYis an inter- encyclopedias, encyclopedic dictionaries, geograph- national quarterly published by Pergamon Press, ical reference works, bibliographies, indexes, and Inc. at $40 yearly to libraries and institutions and other reference sources. Four appendices cover Rus- $10 to individuals. sian transliteration systems, retail sources for Rus- sian publications, abbreviations of Soviet publishing MEDICALELECTRONICS AND BIOLOGICALENGI- houses, and a glossary of Russian bibliographic and NEERING will publish papers on the applications book-trade terminology, and an author-title-subject of engineering philosophy and engineering tech- niques to biological and medical problems. The index is also included. official organ of the International Federation of Petroleum Forum Papers in Print Medical Electronics, the quarterly's subscription rates are $20 yearly, with a rate of $6 to mem- Papers presented at the Forum on the Abstracting bers and individuals. Also available from Pergamon and Indexing of Petroleum Exploratiun and PYO- Press, Inc. duction Literature in Dallas, Texas, February 19, PROBLEMSOF ~NFORMATIONSTORAGE AND RE- 1960, are available at $1 from the Petroleum Sec- TRIEVAL,a quarterly publishing original papers on tion at SLA Headquarters. The five papers include the theories and techniques of information storage Dr. Burton W. Adkinson's Information: Organized and retrieval and electronic data processmg, pub- or Lost?; Rhodes W. Fairbridges's Information: lished by Pergamon Press, Inc. Annual subscrip- The Geologist's Search; Paul P. Reichertz' Infor- tion rate is $30 to libraries and institutions and mation in Applied Petroleum Research; J. J. Roark's $10 to individuals. A Comparison of Commercial Abstracting Services; and Maryann Duggan's A Survey of Industrial Ab- SPACESCIENCE REVIEWS is a quarterly publishing stracting Services. review papers from every country w~themphasis on the pure scientific aspects of research on rock- Technical Translations Cumulative Indexes ets, rocket-propelled vehicles, and stratospheric bal- The Office of Technical Services has recently con- loons. It is published in Holland and distributed in the United States by Stechert-Hafner, Inc. at tracted for the preparation of the cumulative in- dexes to Technical Translations on a more cur- $42 a year. rent basis than before. The contract, by which the SLA Authors indexes will be prepared mechanically, will be- AXFORD,H. William. High School Students and the come effective with the January 1963 Technical University Library. Libraq Juumal, vol. 87, no. Translations. The indexes now available from the 18, October 15, 1962, p. 3611. 614 SPECIAL LIBRARIES DOWNS,Robert B. American Library Resources: A Annotated list of Latin American bibliographies. Bibliographical Guide Supplement 1950-1961. Appendix provides a statistical analysis of journal. Chicago: American Library Association, 1962. PIMSLEUR,M. G., ed. Checklists of Basic Ameri- FREISER,Leonard. Requiem for the Public Library, can Legal Publications (AALL Publications Series 1834-1973. Ljbrary Journal, vol. 87, no. 18, Oc- No. 4). South Hackensack, N. J.: Fred B. Roth- tober 15, 1962, p. 3623. man & Co. (Published for American Association HAYCRAFT,Howard. Books for the Blind. ALA of Law Libraries), 1962. $25. (L.C. 62-18944) Bulletin, vol. 56, no. 9, October 1962, p. 795. Successor to the Massachusetts Handlist and the MarDonald Checklists. Contains state statutes, re- HOWERTON,Paul W. The Technical Writer as a visions, compilations ; loose-leaf form. Communication Scientist. STWP Review, vol. 9, no. 4, October 1962, p. 12. PRAKKEN,Sarah L., ed. Books in Print, 15th ed. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1962. vi, JACKSON,Eugene B. Portrait of a Special Library 2289 p. $18. System. Library Journal, vol. 87, no. 19, Novem- Over 330,000 entries listed alphabetically by ber 1, 1962, p. 3962. author and editor, and alphabetically by title and KENT, Allen. Textbook on Mechanized Informa- series. Includes Directory of Publishers. tion Retrieval. New York: Interscience Publishers, , ed. Subject Guide to Books in Print, 6th 1962, 268 p. ed. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1962. vi, . Their Own Devices. Wilson Library Bul- 1842 p. $17.50. letin, vol. 37, no. 3, November 1962, p. 276. Over 120,000 books listed with 35,000 cross KINDER,Katharine L. What's Special About Spe- references. Follows official Library of Congress cial Librarianship? Library Journal, vol. 87, no. classification. Contains Directory of Publishers. 19, November 1, 1962, p. 3957. RAMBO,Marjorie, comp. Aeronarrtics (Pacaf Basic ORNE, Jerrold. Language of the Foreign Book Bibliographies). San Francisco: Commander-in- Trade: Abbreviations, Terms, Phrases, 2d edition. Chief, Pacific Air Forces, ATTN: PFPPS-P, Com- Chicago: American Library Association, 1962. mand Librarian, APO 953, 1962. iv, 70 p. pap. PRICE,Elizabeth Y. Oklahoma Libraries on TV. Apply. ALA Bulletin, vol. 56, no. 9, October 1962, p. Supersedes PACAF Basic Bibliography, Aero- 829. nautics, dated 1 June 1961. Provides materials for SCHULTZ,Claire K., co-author. A Generalized research, reference, job information, self-education, Computer Method for Index Production. Ameri- collateral reading assistance in formal education can Documentation Institute, vol. 13, no. 4, Oc- and training courses, and for leisure-time. Anno- tober 1962, p. 420. tated, list of periodicals, author-title index. WHITE, Herbert S. Mechanized Information Proc- STECKLER,Phyllis B., ed. American Scientific essing and the Librarian. Canadian Library, vol. Books 1960-1962: A Basic Selection of Scientific, 19, no. 2, September 1962, p. 64. Technical and Medical Books as entered in the American Book Publishing Record. New York: RECENT REFERENCES Bowker, 1962. 474 p. $10. (L.C. 62-18243) Librarianship First cumulation of titles from the monthly issues of the American Book Publishing Record. VISWANATHAN,C. G. The High School Library, Arrangement by Dewey number; each entry is Its Organization and Administration, 2nd ed. New indexed by author and title. York: Asia Publishing House, 1962. xvi, 170 p. $3.50. (Distr. by Taplinger Publishing Co., New TANGHE,Raymond, comp. Bibliography of Ca- York) nadian Bibliographies, supplement 1960 & 1961. Covers the operation of the high school library. Toronto: Bibliographical Society of Canada, 1962. 24 p. pap. Apply. WELLISCH,H. The Special Library: Management General, collective, author, newspapers, reviews, and Organization (Librarianship Series No. 13) . social sciences, law, official publications, education, Tel Aviv: The General Federation of Jewish economics, linguistics, natural sciences, music, lit- Labour in Israel, Executive Committee, Cultural erature, geography. Centre, Library Section, 1962. iv, 205 p. illus. Apply. TOASE,Mary, ed. Guide to Current British Peri- In Hebrew. Hebrew-English and English-He- odicals. London: The Library Association, 1962. brew glossaries. ix, 256 p. $10.50; members, $7.88. Annotated list of titles currently published in Bibliographic Tools the United Kingdom. Lists some 3,800 titles. Ar- Guide to Latin American Scientific and Technical ranged by Dewey Decimal Classification and in- Periodicals: an annotated list. Washington, D. C.: dexed by title, subject, and sponsoring body. Pan American Union, 1962. xii, 187 p. pap. $4. YESCOMBE,E. R., comp. Plastics (Special Subject Includes publications that are entirely or pri- List No. 38). London: The Library Association, marily devoted to articles and reports in all 1962. 40 p. pap. $1.20; members, 906, branches of exact, earth, biological, medical, and Guides to the literature, abstracts and indices, agricultural sciences, engineering, and technology. surveys and reviews, nomenclature, periodicals. DECEMBER 1962 Dictionaries KOYL, George S., ed. Ame~icatz Architects Direr- COLLISON, Robert, comp. Dictionary of Dates. tory. 2nd ed. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1962. New York: Philosophical Library, Inc., 1962. viii, 974 p. $25. (L.C. 55-12270) 428 p. $10.00. Second edition of work published six years ago. Record of important people and world events. New features are listings of the officers and con- Part I has information arranged alphabetically; ventions of the American Institute of Architects Part I1 consists of anniversaries and events for from founding and architectural firms. every day of the year. National Directory of Employment Serz~ices. De- DERUGUINE,Tanya, comp. Russian-English Dic- troit: Gale Research Company, Book Tower, 1962. tionurj of Metallurgy und Allied Sciences. New 239 p. $25. (L.C. 62-15816) York: Frederick Ungar, 1962. 470 p. $15. (L.C. Guide to specialized employment agencies, 61-13632) placement bureaus, and related services in associ- Covers metalworking, refractories, welding, crys- ations and professional societies, colleges and uni- tallography, machining, metal treatment by pres- versities, and commercial firms. sure, casting techniques, and others. SCHULZ,Heinrich E. and TAYLOR,Stephen S., eds. HANSON, H. C. Dictionary of Ecology. New IVho's Who in the USSR 1961/62. Vienna: Inter- York: Philosophical Library, 1962. 382 p. $10. continental Book and Publishing Co., Ltd., 1962. (L.C. 60-15954) 962 p. $21. (Distr. by Scarecrow Press, New Definitions in ecology and related fields such York.) as range management, forestry, wildlife, conserva- Compiled by Institute for the Study of the tion, agronomy, and limnology. USSR, Munich, Germany. Over 4,200 biographies of prominent Russians in all fields. Sixty-page SPRINGER,Otto, ed. Langenscheidt's New Muret- listing of key personnel in Soviet Party, govern- Sandellr Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English ment, and other organizations. and German Languages, Part I, English-German, vol. I, A-M. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1962. TOWNEND, Peter, and SIMMONS, David, eds. 920 p. $17.50. Who's Vho in Music and Musicians' Interna- English-German dictionary, the first of four tional Directory, 4th ed. New York: Hafner Pub- volumes. lishing Company, 1962. 389 p. $7.50. Biographical sketches of composers, performers, Directories conductors, soloists, teachers, administrators, and Americatz Men of Science, The Social & Behav- critics especially known in the English-speaking ioml Sciences, 10th ed. Tempe, Arizona: The world. Second part contains directory to manufac- Jacques Cattell Press, Inc., 1962. ix, 1220 p. $25. turers, retailers, music societies, festivals, etc. (L.C. 6-7326) Who's Who in Data Processing. Detroit: Ameri- Volume five of the 10th edition of the Americatz can Data Processing, Inc. 1962. 340 p. $35. Includes biographies of those Men of Science. Biographical data on more than 3,500 people active in the fields of psychology, geography, an- actively engaged in business data processing. thropology, economics, sociology, political science, and statistics. Miscellaneous A Directory of Resources of Cooperating Libraries in Metropolitan Neu~York, 2nd ed. New York: CARLETON,R. Milton, comp. Index tu Cornmon Council of Higher Educational Institutions in New Names of Herbaceous Plants. Hamden, Conn.: The York City, 41 East 65th St., 1962. pap. $1. Shoe String Press, 1962. 129 p. $10. Information about 85 college, public and re- Provides botanical names for common names. search libraries in the New York area: closing HALSTEAD, Maurice H. Machine-Independent time, special collections, rules governing borrow- Computer Programming. Washington, D. C.: ing privileges, and the use of material by the Spartan Books. 1962. xiii, 267 p. $6.50. (L.C. public. 62-14005) GILBERT,Dorothy B., ed. Who's Who in Ameri- Designed to teach the student how to write to can Art, 1962 ed. New York: Bowker, 1962. x, computers in the Neliac language. 771 p. $22.50; $20 members AFA. (L.C. 36- 27014) LEVY,Michael E. Cpcles in Government Securities: American and Canadian biographies, geographi- I. Federal Debt and Its Ownership (Studies in cal index, obituaries, and open exhibitions. Business Economics No. 78). New York: National IRELAND,Norma 0. Index to Scientists of the Industrial Conference Board, Inc., 1962. 179 p. Woild from Ancient tu Modern Times: Biogra- charts, tables. $3, for Conference Board Associates, phier and Portraits (Useful Reference Series No. teachers, and educational institutions ; others $15. 90). Boston: The F. W. Faxon Company, Inc., First volume of a two-part work. Shows that 1962. xliii, 662 p. $12. (L.C. 62-13662) investments in government securities by commer- Index to biographies, portraits, and chief scien- cial banks, nonfinancial corporations, and individu- tific contributions of scientists. Entries are alpha- als have displayed distinct cycles during the post- betical, give dates, nationality, and occupation. war years. Dates fluctuations. SPECIAL LIBRARIES NATIONALSCIENCE FOUNDATION. Current Proj- Librarian, Memorial Medical Library, Miami Val- ley Hospital, Dayton 9, Ohio. ects on Economic and Social implications of Sci- - -- erice and Technology 1961 (NSF-62-4). Wash- CHILDREN'SIJBRARIAN at Riley Hospital, Indi- ington, D. C.: 1962. v~i,116 p. pap. 40f. (Sold anapolis, Indiana. Library school degree required. by Government Printing Office) Starting salary $5400-$6300 depending on experi- Based on survey conducted by the Foundation ence, T.1.A.A.-C.E.R.F. retirement, social security, in American colleges and universities. Third an- hospital and life insurance, and one month's vaca- nual inventory of research projects. Contains sum- tion. Responsible for book selection, all technical maries of 262 projects: annotation lists name of services, and distributing books to patients. Apply the investigator, address, and anticipated form of to Miss Mary Jane Laatz, Medical Librarian, In- publication of results. diana University, School of Medicine Library, 1100 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis 7, Indiana. KENNEDY,John F. Public Papers of the Presidetlts of the United States: John F. Kennedy: Contain- ASSISTANT, BUSINESSAND ~NDUSTRY DEPART- ing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements MENT. Beginning salary up to $6,335 depending of the President, January 20 to December 31, on experience. Annual increments to $7,131. 1961. Washington, D. C.: Office of the Federal Credit for military experience. Library Science de- Register, National Archives and Records Service, gree required. 4 weeks vacation. 5 day week. Sick General Services Administration, 1962. 958 p. $6. leave, social security and good retirement plan. (Sold by Government Printing Office) Apply: Flint Public Library, Personnel Office, Full and exact texts of speeches, messages, press 1026 E. Kearsley St., Flint, Michigan. conferences, and statements of the year 1961. JUNIOR LIBRARIANS-DOCUMENTALISTS.Degree Presented in chronological order with a subject in L.S. or science preferred. Documentation ex- index. perience desirable but not required. Salary com- Resenrch for Industry 1960: A Report on Work mensurate with education and experience. Send Done by Industrial Research Associations in the resume to Science Information Exchange of the Government Scheme. London: Her Majesty's Sta- Srnithsonian Institution, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, tionery Office, 1961. iv, 148 p. pap. photos. $1.55. Washington 9, D. C. (Available from British Information Services, New York.) NEW BREEDMEDICAL LIBRARIAN. An outstanding person is wanted to become Library's expert in ap- SOBEL, Lester A,, ed. News Year 1960. New plications of computer techniques by analyzing the York: Facts on File, 119 West 57th Street, New community's information requirements and by York 19, 1961. xiii, 828 p. photos, maps. $14.75. learning computer technology in Harvard's Divi- Dated, summarized and indexed presentation of sion of Mathematical Biology. Required qualifica- important news of the year. New editions will be tions: library school degree, mathematics through published annually. Index. calculus, some study in the sciences, enthusiasm for library's contribution to progress in scientific WASSERMAN,Paul, et a].. eds. Statistics Sources. medicine. Salary: $6000-$7000. Excellent fringe Detroit: Gale Research Co., 2200 Book Tower. benefits. Write: Ralph T. Esterquest, Librarian, 1962. 288 p. $15. (L.C. 62-15817) Harvard Medical Library, 25 Shattuck Street, Bos- Statistics on thousands of subjects ranging from ton 15, Mass. abrasives to zoology; sources listed under subject classifications. Other editors, Eleanor Allen, An- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITYLIBRARY is seeking can- thony Kruzas, and Charlotte Georgi, are SLA didates for: Librarian, Chemistry Library who ad- members. ministers library serving Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Emphasis is on refer- ZALL, Paul M. Elements of Technical Report ence service. Cooperates with faculty in book selec- Writing. New York: Harper, 1962. ix. 220 p. tion. Maintains working relationships with Chem- $3.25. (L.C. 62-8886) ical Abstracts Library and Battelle Memorial Index. Recommended reading list. Institute Library. Requirements: Graduate degree in library science, chemistry course work, acceptable library experience. Salary starts between $6,396 and $7,296; Librarian, Health Center Library who CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING administers a library of 70,000 volumes serving Positions open and wanted-50 rents per line; university colleges of medicine and dentistry; minimum charge $1.50. Copy must be received by schools of nursing and optometry; four hospitals tenth of month byeredinn month of bublication. and the Ohio Rehabilitation Center. Is responsible for the development of the several Health Center Library collections. Performs reference and bibli- POSITIONS OPEN ographic service for the campus community as well as the medical profession on a city-wide basis. ASSISTANTMEDICAL LIBRARIAN for a 800 general Successful experience in the area of medical bibli- teaching hospital A certified medical librarian ography, ability to supervise library staff members, with a degree in chemistry or biology is preferred. and graduate degree in library science. Salary Others considered. Salary: $5200-$6500, depending starts between $8,268 and $10,068. Apply to: upon qualifications and experience. Excellent per- Mrs. Celianna Wilson, The Ohio State University sonnel policies. Apply: Miss Mabel M. Walker, Libraries. 1858 Neil Avenue, Columbus 10, Ohio. DECEMBER 1962 POSITIONS WANTED LIBRARIAN-B.A.,M.S.L.S. Now assistant, special Cataloger Needed! business library, seeks position Los Angeles area. Interest in collection containing Spanish and Cataloger needed for library French. Can interview approximately mid-Novem- serving Research and Develop- ber. Write Box B 96. ment Department of Union Car- FOR SALE bide C:hemicals Company, South Charleston, 6Vest Virginia. Ade- CHEMICALABSTRACTS-Volume 53, complete with indexes, unbound, like new. $200, F.O.B. Lake quate clerical personncl and Bluff, Illinois. Elizabeth Johnson, The United equipment available. First duty Educators, Inc., Lake Bluff, Illinois. CEdar 4-3700, Ext. 4. will be recataloging t ollection of over 7,000 books. Future duties will depend on personal prefer- SPECIAL LIBRARIAN ences and abilities. Could in- clude supervision of ordering, re- To direct reorganizotion and expansion of sponsibility for special files ant1 existing social science library, weekly news- indexing or reference work. paper morgue, and archives, and maintain business correspondence files, for large social Contact: Miss Idair Smookler planning organization in northern New Jersey (Bldg. 701), Union Carbide near New York City. Creative opportunity for Chemicals Company, P. 0. Box MLS with 5 yrs. experience. Salary $7,000 or more depending on qualifications plus liberal 8361, South Charleston, West benefits. Box B-98 Virginia.

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A Ph.D. Chemist, preferably with broad experience, is needed for our expand- ing Information Center. He should have a genuine interest in contributing to the research effort through use of the literature. He will do searches and par- ticipate in all phases of our expanding information retrieval activities. His du- ties will vary and will give him an opportunity to grow in all areas of chemical documentation. Grace's Research Division, the hub of long range research for the Company's Chemical Group, is both expanding its own information activities and extend- ing them to serve the entire Chemical Group. New facilities for the Informa- tion Center are being designed, and the staff is to be doubled over the next five years. We feel that this is a real opportunity for the right person.

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN LIBRARIANS! THE JOB: Will be responsible for cata- Positions immediately available in new loging, classification, technical branches, subject departments, technical processing and circulation of services, children's work, and bookmobiles. Research and Engineering Lab- THE SALARY: $464-$575 PER MONTH (Experienced librarians may start above oratory materials. In addition, mmmum.) as first assistant to our Chief THE PLACE: Librarian, you will participate Los Angeles, where the climate is always in the formulation of library good. systems and procedures. THE FUTURE: Good opportunity for professional growth and promotional advancement in a grow- Master's Degree in Library Sci- ing system; 35 librarian promotions within ence required. Two years' tech- the last 12 months. nical library experience pre- STUDENTS MAY APPLY DURING ferred with specific exposure in THEIR LAST SEMESTER OF LIBRARY a scientific or technical disci- SCHOOL. pline highly desirable. For additional information write to: This position offers an oppor- Personnel Oficer tunity to join our rapidly Los Angeles Public Library expanding Research and Engi- 630 West Fifth Street Los Angeles 17, California neering Center which combines an industrial and academic at- mosphere, in a campus-like setting. FOR YOUR LIBRARY Attractive starting salaries Washington newsletter keeps your plus a liberal fringe benefit readers up to date on the science and program and opportunity for technology of the space field. Sub- professional growth makes scription rate-$20 per year. Current Xerox Corporation one of the volume (1962) is No. 2. Order vol. 2 or 3 subscriptions direct or through leading corporations in upstate your subscription agency. Each volume New York. contains 24 nos. Astroscience News, 422P Wash. Bldg., Washington 5, D. C.

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