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Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE for RESEARCH in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2015 Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2015 annual report University of Colorado Boulder UCB 216 Boulder, CO 80309-0216 COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES University of Colorado Boulder 216 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0216 303-492-1143 [email protected] http://cires.colorado.edu CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati Annual Report Staff Katy Human, Director of Communications, Editor Susan Lynds and Karin Vergoth, Editing Robin L. Strelow, Designer Agreement No. NA12OAR4320137 Cover photo: Mt. Cook in the Southern Alps, West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island Birgit Hassler, CIRES/NOAA table of contents Executive summary & research highlights 2 project reports 82 From the Director 2 Air Quality in a Changing Climate 83 CIRES: Science in Service to Society 3 Climate Forcing, Feedbacks, and Analysis 86 This is CIRES 6 Earth System Dynamics, Variability, and Change 94 Organization 7 Management and Exploitation of Geophysical Data 105 Council of Fellows 8 Regional Sciences and Applications 115 Governance 9 Scientific Outreach and Education 117 Finance 10 Space Weather Understanding and Prediction 120 Active NOAA Awards 11 Stratospheric Processes and Trends 124 Systems and Prediction Models Development 129 People & Programs 14 CIRES Starts with People 14 Appendices 136 Fellows 15 Table of Contents 136 CIRES Centers 50 Publications by the Numbers 136 Center for Limnology 50 Publications 137 Center for Science and Technology -
Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 8 Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula
ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI-6 Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 8 Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula 1. Geographical location The Dion Islands (67°52'S, 68°43'W) are a small group of low-lying rocky islands lying about 13 km south of the southern end of Adelaide Island, in the north- western part of Marguerite Bay. 2. Management Plan (i) Description of Area The Area comprises all of the Dion Islands archipelago, which lie within an area of about 12 km2, together with the intervening sea. The islands and islets are small, rocky and often precipitous, notably Emperor Island which is also the highest (46 m altitude). The main islands are the largest of the Courtier Islands group (c. 8 ha), Emperor Island (c. 5 ha) and the largest of the Consort Islands group (c. 3 ha). Low lying areas occur on the two largest islands. There are a few small permanent ice patches, but there are no streams or permanent pools. (ii) Reason for designation The Area possesses the only known breeding population of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is situated on a low-lying raised beach and rocky headland in the south-eastern part of Emperor Island. It is also the most northerly and probably the smallest colony (annual numbers fluctuate between about 50 and 500 pairs), and is one of only two in which breeding occurs on land (see also SPA No. 1). It is also the most isolated Emperor colony, being about 2,500 km (by sea) from the nearest other known rookery. -
Antarctic Peninsula
Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno. -
Growth and Seasonal Energetics of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula Elliptica from King George Island, Antarctica
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 257: 99–110, 2003 Published August 7 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Growth and seasonal energetics of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica from King George Island, Antarctica In-Young Ahn1,*, Jeonghee Surh2, You-Gyoung Park2, Hoonjeong Kwon2, Kwang-Sik Choi3, Sung-Ho Kang1, Heeseon J. Choi1, Ko-Woon Kim1, Hosung Chung1 1Polar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI), Ansan, PO Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Republic of Korea 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea 3Department of Aquaculture, Cheju National University, Ara-1-dong, Cheju 690-756, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT: The Antarctic marine environment is characterized by extreme seasonality in primary production, and herbivores must cope with a prolonged winter period of food shortage. In this study, tissue mass and biochemical composition were determined for various tissues of the bivalve Later- nula elliptica (King & Broderip) over a 2 yr period, and its storage and use of energy reserves were investigated with respect to seasonal changes in food level and water temperature. Total ash-free dry mass (AFDM) accumulated rapidly following phytoplankton blooms (with peak values immediately before and after spawning) and was depleted considerably during the spawning and winter periods. Most of the variation was in the muscle, gonads and digestive gland. Spawning peaked in January and February and caused considerable protein and lipid losses in the muscle, gonads and digestive gland. In winter (March to August), the muscle and digestive gland lost considerable mass, while gonad mass increased; this suggests that the muscle tissue and digestive gland serve as major energy depots for both maintenance metabolism and gonad development in winter. -
THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L
THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L. M. Forbes. Editorial Committee: B. B. Roberts, G. de Q. Robin, Sir J. M. Wordie Vol. 9 January 1959 No. 61 CONTENTS The Scott Polar Research Institute page 297 ARTICLES : The Canadian Northern Insect Survey, 1947-57. By T. N. Freeman 299 Recent economic developments in northern Quebec and Labrador. By J. Brian Bird . 308 Iron ore in Arctic Europe. By P. A. B. Gethin .... 314 Geodetic survey of northern Canada by shoran trilateration. By Angus C. Hamilton 320 The manuscript collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute. By Ann Savours .......... 331 FIELD WORK: British expedition to Vestspitsbergen, 1956 . • . 336 French expedition to central Greenland, 1956-57 .... 336 British expedition to north-west Greenland, 1957 .... 336 Soviet Arctic expeditions, 1957 337 The Northern Sea Route in 1957 337 Swedish-Finnish-Swiss International Geophysical Year Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1957-58; and Swedish Expedition to Nordaust- landet, 1958-59: Season 1957-58. ...... 338 Swedish Glaciological Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1958 . 339 Under-ice crossing of the Arctic basin: U.S.S. Nautilus and U.S.S. Skate, 1958 340 . Arctic Institute Greenland Expedition, 1958 341 British naval hydrographic surveys in the Falkland Islands Depen- dencies, 1956-57 and 1957-58 '. 341 The Australian automatic weather station on Lewis Islet, Wilkes Land 342 Anglo-American physiological team in Ross Dependency, 1957-58 . 343 NOTES : Extension of International Geophysical Year activities into 1959 . 345 Norwegian-Soviet sealing agreement, 1958 ..... 845 Tenth meeting of the International Whaling Commission, 1958 . 349 New Soviet ice-strengthened ships 350 New geographical institute in Siberia 350 ig Pit 296 CONTENTS NOTES (cont.) Soviet organizations concerned with the Antarctic . -
Final Report
Time to lay down the law National legislation to enforce the BWC The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, is the Verification Research, Training and Information Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) Centre, an independent, non-profit making, non-govern- Time to lay down the law and Toxin Weapons and on eir Destruction () obliges mental organisation. Its mission is to promote effective and states parties to take any necessary national measures to efficient verification as a means of ensuring confidence in National legislation to enforce the BWC implement the treaty in their territory. States parties have the implementation of international agreements and intra- agreed that this requires the adoption of legislation, including national agreements with international involvement. penal sanctions. aims to achieve its mission through research, training, Only now, thirty years after the treaty’s adoption, are states dissemination of information, and interaction with the parties collectively considering what legislative provisions relevant political, diplomatic, technical, scientific and non- are required to effectively enforce the treaty. This report is governmental communities. intended to assist states parties in this endeavour by assessing The Centre is based at Baird House, – St. Cross Street, the current status of their national legislation to enforce the London, , United Kingdom. treaty’s core prohibitions. The report provides comparative Phone +.()... analysis of existing legislation, makes recommendations for Fax +.()... increasing the rate of adoption of legislation and proposes E-mail [email protected] ways to make existing and new legislation more effective. Web www.vertic.org It should be of use to states parties preparing to adopt or amend legislation, states and organisations providing assist- Design and production: Richard Jones, Exile: Design and ance to states parties, and to the international community Editorial Services ([email protected]). -
The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................. -
Emperor Island, Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula
From Measure 1 (2002) Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 107 EMPEROR ISLAND, DION ISLANDS, MARGUERITE BAY, ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1. Description of values to be protected The Dion Islands (Latitude 67°52’ S, Longitude 68°42’ W), on the western side of the central Antarctic Peninsula in north-western Marguerite Bay, were originally designated as Specially Protected Area (SPA) No. 8 through Recommendation IV-8 in 1966 after a proposal by the United Kingdom. All of the islands in the Dion Islands archipelago were included. Values protected under the original designation were described as the presence of the only colony of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) known to exist on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula and that the isolation of this colony from others of the same species makes it of outstanding scientific interest. A management plan for the Area was adopted through Recommendation XVI-6 (1990), which reaffirmed the values of the Area. The boundaries were extended to include the intervening sea between the islands to ensure protection of the emperors at sea or on sea-ice in the immediate vicinity. Attention was drawn to the additional important value of the colony being one of only two known in which breeding occurs on land. It was also noted as the most northerly and probably the smallest of Emperor colonies, with annual numbers fluctuating around 150 pairs. The values of the emperor penguin colony are reaffirmed in this revised management plan. The boundaries of the Area are now defined more precisely. -
Igneous Rocks of Peter I Island Hemisphere Tectonic Reconstructions
LeMasurier, W. E., and F. A. Wade. In press. Volcanic history in Marie Byrd Land: implications with regard to southern Igneous rocks of Peter I Island hemisphere tectonic reconstructions. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Andean and Antarctic Vol- canology Problems, Santiago, Chile (0. Gonzalez-Ferran, edi- tor). Rome, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earths Interior. THOMAS W. BASTIEN Price, R. C., and S. R. Taylor. 1973. The geochemistry of Dune- Ernest E. Lehmann Associates din Volcano, East Otago, New Zealand: rare earth elements. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 40: 195-205. Sun, S. S., and G. N. Hanson. 1975. Origin of Ross Island basanitoids and limitations upon the heterogeneity of mantle CAMPBELL CRADDOCK sources of alkali basalts and nephelinites. Contributions to Department of Geology and Geophysics Mineralogy and Petrology, 52: 77-106. The University of Wisconsin, Madison Sun, S. S., and G. N. Hanson. 1976. Rare earth element evi- Madison, Wisconsin 53706 dence for differentiation of McMurdo volcanics, Ross Island, Antarctica. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 54: 139-155. Peter I Island lies in the southeastern Pacific Ocean at 68°50S. 90°40W. about 240 nautical miles off the Eights Coast of West Antarctica. Ris- ing from the continental rise, it is one of the few truly oceanic islands in the region. Few people have been on the island, and little is known of its geology. Thaddeus von Bellingshausen discovered and named the island in 1821, and it was not seen again until sighted by Pierre Charcot in 1910. A Nor- wegian ship dredged some rocks off the west coast in 1927, and persons from the Norvegia achieved the first landing in 1929. -
National Report Norway
HCA9-07.4Ad IHO HYDROGRAPHIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTICA (HCA) 9th Meeting, Simon’s Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 October 2009 NATIONAL REPORT – NORWAY NORWEGIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE (NHS) 1. General The Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) is responsible for the provision of hydrographic services for Norwegian waters and sea areas, including the Svalbard and Jan Mayen area. In Antarctica the Norwegian geographical area of interest mainly is concentrated in Dronning Maud Land (Queen Maud Land) and the adjacent Kong Håkon VII Hav (King Håkon VII Sea). Peter I Øy (Peter I Island) in the Bellingshausen Sea and Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island) are also Norwegian dependencies. However, the latter is north of the 60 parallel. In July 2008, Norway reached the goal of full ENC coverage for the Norwegian coast. Although this was a major step forwards, there still remains large areas with old data that needs to be replaced with new survey data. In addition, large areas on Svalbard remain to be surveyed and covered with ENCs and papercharts. The NHS has established a fully digital production flowline and all new products and updates are produced from a seamless Primary database. A new chart production system that enables more efficient maintenance of the ENC and chart portfolio is currently being fully implemented. The NHS intends to establish a Tracing service in 2009 and Print on Demand in 2010. Two projects are being carried out in order to develop the services including the technology needed to support it. PRIMAR International ENC service, operated by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service, now includes approx 8400 ENCs from more than 35 countries. -
Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections
Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 .