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Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Hate Map" Mary Mckelvie University of South Florida, [email protected]

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Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center's University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-2-2017 Surveilling Hate/Obscuring Racism?: Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Hate Map" Mary McKelvie University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Women's Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation McKelvie, Mary, "Surveilling Hate/Obscuring Racism?: Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Hate Map"" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7060 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Surveilling Hate/Obscuring Racism?: Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center’s “Hate Map” by Mary McKelvie A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Women’s and Gender Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: David Rubin, Ph.D Michelle Hughes Miller, Ph.D. Kim Golombisky, Ph.D. Date of Approval: October 26, 2017 Keywords: progressive legal activism, white racism, governmentality Copyright © 2017, Mary McKelvie TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ............................................................................................................................................v I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................1 Rationale/ Contribution ........................................................................................................4 Positionality .........................................................................................................................5 II. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................8 Southern Poverty Law Center History / Current Issues .......................................................8 Hate Crime Legislation ........................................................................................................9 SPLC Critiques and Analysis ............................................................................................14 Whiteness and Power / White Power .................................................................................16 III. Theoretical Frameworks ..........................................................................................................20 Critical Race Theory ..........................................................................................................20 Intersectionality..................................................................................................................21 Anarchist Criminology.......................................................................................................23 Feminist Surveillance Studies ............................................................................................25 Critical Trans Politics ........................................................................................................26 IV. Methodology ............................................................................................................................28 Feminist Discourse Analysis..............................................................................................28 The Map .................................................................................................................29 V. Analysis .....................................................................................................................................32 “Hate Map” Content ..........................................................................................................32 SPLC’s Rhetorical Use of Hate .........................................................................................35 Law Enforcement Resources .............................................................................................37 VI. Findings ...................................................................................................................................40 Hate vs. Racism and White Invisibility .............................................................................41 Perpetuating Disciplinary Power .......................................................................................42 VII. Discussion ..............................................................................................................................46 i Charlottesville and Antifa Resistance ................................................................................46 The Confederacy, Neo-Nazis, Whiteness and Power ........................................................47 VIII. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................50 References ......................................................................................................................................55 Appendix A: Permission to Reprint Materials ...............................................................................59 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Hate Map by Group ................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 2: Hate Map by State ................................................................................................................... 31 iii ABSTRACT In what ways does the legal and political monitoring of “hate groups” and "hate group activities" benefit the American left? Possible victims of crimes? Law enforcement? The state? Specifically, in what ways does the Southern Poverty Law Center’s “hate map” challenge and/or reiterate relations of power and knowledge? This thesis offers a feminist critical analysis of hate group surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center’s mapping of hate. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a progressive legal advocacy group that aids in the surveillance of “hate groups” and legislation against “hate crimes.” I investigate the assumptions grounding the SPLC’s rhetorical use of the term “hate” and analyze their surveillance and mapping in order to add to the growing body of literature that that seeks to rethink the institution of whiteness and the relationship between progressive groups and law enforcement. The SPLC’s “Hate Map” offers a visualization of “hate” while simultaneously ignoring and obscuring racism. This thesis is meant to produce an alternative reading of this map and the SPLC’s hate group surveillance. Using a critical feminist framework that is intimately linked to critical race theory and anarchist criminology, I interrogate the SPLC’s methods of mapping and surveillance as well as their connection to law enforcement and governmentality. In analyzing SPLC’s “Hate Map” and their “Law Enforcement Resources” page, I contend that the SPLC's use of "hate" in lieu of racism is a reflection of their uncritical analysis of systematic racism and state violence associated with whiteness. While I recognize SPLC’s important role in combating crimes against marginalized groups through advocacy and legal aid, I contend that their rhetoric around “hate” and use of mapping and surveillance may potentially collude with governmentality and state violence against historically disenfranchised populations. iv I. INTRODUCTION In what ways does the legal and political monitoring of “hate groups” benefit the American left? Possible victims of crimes? Law enforcement? The state? Specifically, in what ways does the Southern Poverty Law Center’s “hate map” challenge and/or reiterate relations of power and knowledge? Does this monitoring and surveillance affect victims of crimes and marginalized groups? And if so, how? Additionally, in what ways does the rhetorical use of “hate” frame the Southern Poverty Law Center’s mission statement(s)? What groups and ideas are viewed by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hateful? And who is responsible for “fighting hate” (splcenter.org)? This thesis offers a feminist critical analysis of hate group surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center’s mapping of hate. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a progressive legal advocacy group that aids in the surveillance of hate groups and civil litigation against hate crimes committed by individuals with connections to specific hate groups. I investigate the assumptions grounding the SPLC’s rhetorical use of the term “hate” and analyze their surveillance methods in order to contribute to the growing body of literature that seeks to rethink the relationships between local/national law enforcement and progressive groups. Additionally, I offer a critique of the ways in which the SPLC perpetuates political dualities and obscures the ways in which many bodies and groups are complicit with governmentality and state violence. Following Michel Foucault, I use the term governmentality to refer to the state’s use of control strategies to govern the body of the populace (Burchell,
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