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Course Title Religion and Politics: an Old Inheritance of Fears and Facts Année universitaire 2014/2015 Collège universitaire Semestre d’automne Course title Religion and Politics: an old Inheritance of Fears and Facts Lecturer Véronique ALBANEL Session1 : Introducing session Session 2: The "Axial Period": The diversity of religions versus the unity of Humanity Key words : Universal History, mytholgy; Confucius and Lao-Tseu (China), Bouddha (India), Zarathoustra (Persia), Prophets (Israël), philosophers (Greece) Key dates: -800 to -200 BC Karl Jaspers (1883-1969), The Origin and Goal of History. Yale University Press (New Haven, CT: 1953), pp. 1-21, 51-70. http://www.collegiumphaenomenologicum.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Jaspers-The-Origin-and-Goal-of-History.pdf Session 3: JUDAISM (1): Time of persecution Keywords: YHWH, Torah, Talmud, Shema, halacha, theocracy, Haskalah. Key Dates: c. 1000 BC: Kingship of David; 587 BC: destruction of the first Temple and exile to Babylon; 70 AD: fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple. Founding Text: Deuteronomy 6: 4-9 (Shema Israel). Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), "The Epistle on Martyrdom", in Epistles of Maimonides: Crisis and Leadership (The Jewish Publication Society: Philadelphia, 1985), p. 15-22 and 22-34 (especially p.30-34). http://books.google.fr/books?id=7zAlxRzcUoEC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=maimonide+the+epistle+of+martyrdom&source=bl&ots= NYbh1sBns&sig=ioj2qp2CYX4FlSQHVqQ0G2Q3R0s&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=INLQU8bbMaaw0QWfwICgDA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=on epage&q=maimonide%20the%20epistle%20of%20martyrdom&f=false Session 4: JUDAISM (2): The Holocaust, Zionism and universalism Keywords: Zionism, Eretz Israel, election, messianism, Diaspora Jewry. Key Dates: 1099: the crusaders took Jerusalem. Massacre of the Jewish population; 1939-1945: the Holocaust; 1948: Proclamation of the State of Israel. Founding Text: Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995), Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism (The Johns Hopkins Jewish Studies), trans. Seán Hand, London: The Athlone Press, 1990: I. "An adult faith," "Judaism," "The venue and utopia", "Loving the Torah more than God." II. "Jewish thought today," "Religion and Tolerance", "Israel and universalism", "Judaism and the present time," "State of Israel and religion of Israel." Session 5: CHRISTIANITY (1): The temporal and spiritual power Key words: Gospel, Christian Tradition, Christendom, Council, dogma, political Augustinianism Key dates : 413: The City of God (St. Augustine); 492-496: Pope Gelasius 1 (spiritual autonomy); 1054: Birth of the Orthodox Church; 1075: Dictatus Papae; 1302: "doctrine of the two swords" (Boniface VIII): Founding texts: Matt 22:21, Mark 12:17 and Luke 20.25 (Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's ...) Rom 13, 1-7 (submission to the authorities). Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), Summa Theologica: I. Part II-II, Q. 57 (Right) and 58 (Justice) II. Part II-II, Q. 81 (Religion) and 104 (Obedience). http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/1225-1274,_Thomas_Aquinas,_Summa_Theologiae_[1],_EN.pdf Session 6: CHRISTIANITY (2): The civil war and the fear of the Leviathan state Keywords: Protestant Reformation doctrine of the two kingdoms, secularism, modernity, theological-political Key Dates: 1517: Protest Luther (Doctrine of the two kingdoms) and Calvin; 1550: Catholic Counter-Reformation; 1545-1563: Council of Trent Founding text: 1 Samuel 8: 1-20. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Leviathan: I. Part 1 (Of Man) XII: "Of Religion". II. Part 2 (Of Commonwealth) XVII: "Of The Causes, Generation And Definition Of Commonwealth"; and XVIII: "Of The Rights Of Sovereigns By Institution" http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/hobbes/Leviathan.pdf Session 7: CHRISTIANITY IN THE UNITED STATES (3): "The spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom" Key words : fundamentalism (Protestant) Evangelical Churches, Radical Orthodoxy Key dates: late nineteenth century: the birth of fundamentalist evangelical; 1910-1915: The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth. Founding documents: Declaration of Independence of the United States (July 4, 1776); First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America (15 December 1791). Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859), Democracy in America: I. Volume 1, Part 2, Chap. IX: "Of the Principal Causes That Tend to Maintain the Democratic Republic in the United States", pp.465-488 and 494-514. http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/De_tocqueville_alexis/democracy_in_america_historical_critical_ed/democracy_in_america_v ol_2.pdf Session 8: ISLAM (1): Faith and reason Key words: Quran, Sunnah (tradition) Ummah (community), fitna (division), and mutazilisme acharisme (Kalam: religious science) Key dates: 570: birth of Muhammad; 622: AH; 638: capture of Jerusalem; 680: death of Hussein and separation between Sunnis and Shiites; 711-1492: Muslim rule in Spain (Al-Andalus); 1453: Fall of Constantinople Founding texts: Sura 3, 102-125 (Best Community) and 4, 59 (obedience to Allah, the Messenger and those in command). Averroes (Ibn Rushd or, 1126-1198), The Decisive Treatise, Determining what is the connection betweens Religion and Philosophy, pp.165-178 and 178-186. http://www32.homepage.villanova.edu/robert.w.caverly/Decisive%20Treatise%20-%20Averroes.pdf Session 9: ISLAM (2): Radical Islam Key words: Wahhabism, jihad (effort and fight), Sharia (track and law), Al-Qaeda Key Dates: 1928: Founding of the Muslim Brotherhood (by Hassan al-Banna) 1979 Islamic Revolution (Iran); 1991: beginning of the Algerian civil war; 1996 foundation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban); 2001 September 11; 2014: Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (EIIL) Founding texts: Sura 45.18 (path of the College) and 8.39 and 59-60 (fight them). I. Hassan al-Banna (1906-1949); Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) II. Ali Shariati (1933-1977) Session 10: SECULAR RELIGIONS: religions or ideologies? Key words : ideology, Nazism, Stalinism Key dates: 1933-1945: Hitler to power; 1929-1956: Stalinism Hannah Arendt, "Religion And Politics," in Essays in Understanding, 1930-1954: Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism, Schocken Books, New York, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1994, pp. 368-390. Session 11: Hinduism: non-violence as a source of political inspiration Religion, politics and non-violence Key words : Ahimsa (non-violence), civil disobedience Founding texts: Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita Gandhi (1869-1948), All Men Are Brothers: I. "Religion and Truth" II. "Ahimsa or the Way of Nonviolence" http://www.mkgandhi.org/amabrothers/allmenarebrothers.htm Session 12: THE RELIGIOUS PLURALISM: The role of religion in democracy Keywords: secularism, ecumenism, inter-religious dialogue Key dates: Vatican II (Nostra Aetate and Dignitatis Humanae, 1965), Assisi meeting (27 October 1986). J. Habermas (1929) - Charles Taylor (1931), The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere, Columbia University Press, 2011, p. 34- 69. Bibliography On Religions – Abécassis, Armand, Chebel, Malek, Debray, Régis, et al., Judaïsme, christianisme, islam. Les textes fondateurs commentés, Tallandier, 2005. – Arendt, Hannah, « Religion et politique », in La nature du totalitarisme, Payot, coll. « Bibliothèque philosophique Payot », 1990, p. 139-168 (version anglaise : Essays in understanding: 1930-1954 Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism, Schocken Books, New- York, Harcourt, Brace& Co., 1994, p. 368-390). – Barnavi, Élie, Les religions meurtrières, Flammarion, coll. « Café Voltaire », Paris, 2006. – Barnavi, Élie, Dieux(x) Modes d’emploi, Éd. André Versaille, Tempora, 2012. – Bidar, Abdennour, Comment sortir de la religion, Éd. Les Empêcheurs de tourner en rond, 2012. – Ehrenfreund, Jacques, Gisel, Pierre (dir.), Religieux, société civile, politique. Enjeux et débats historiques et contemporains, Éd. Antipodes, coll. « Existences et société », Lausanne, 2012. – Roy, Olivier, La sainte ignorance. Le temps de la religion sans culture, Seuil, coll. « Points -Essais », 2008. On the axial period – Jaspers, Karl, Origine et sens de l’histoire, Plon, 1954. – Jaspers, Karl, Introduction à la philosophie, Plon, 1951. – Arendt, Hannah, « Karl Jaspers : Citoyen du monde ? », in Vies politiques, Gallimard, coll. « Tel », 1974, p. 96-118. On judaism – Maïmonide, Moïse, Épîtres, Verdier, coll. « Les dix Paroles », 1983. – Spinoza, Baruch, Traité théologico-politique, GF-Flammarion, 1965. – Mendelssohn, Moses, Jérusalem, Les Presses d’aujourd’hui, coll. « L’arbre double », 1982. – Chalier, Catherine, Spinoza lecteur de Maïmonide. La question théologico-politique, Cerf, coll. « Philosophie et théologie », 2006. – Levinas, Emmanuel, Difficile liberté. Essais sur le judaïsme, Albin Michel, coll. « Présences du judaïsme », 1963. On Christianism – Thomas d’Aquin, Somme de théologie, Tome 3, Cerf, 1985 – Daguet, François, « Le politique chez saint Thomas d’Aquin », in Saint Thomas d’Aquin, Cerf, Coll. « Les cahiers d’histoire de la philosophie », 2010 – Hobbes, Thomas, Léviathan, Gallimard, Coll. « Folio essais », 2000. – Locke, John, Lettre sur la tolérance, GF-Flammarion, 2007. – Tocqueville, Alexis (de), De la démocratie en Amérique, GF-Flammarion, 1981. – Lacorne, Denis, De la religion en Amérique, Gallimard, 2007. On Islam – Averroès (Ibn Rushd), Discours décisif, GF Flammarion, 1996. – Shayegan, Daryush, Qu'est-ce qu'une révolution religieuse ?, Les Presses d'aujourd'hui, 1982. – Chérif Ferjani, Mohamed, Le politique et le religieux dans le champ islamique, Fayard, 2005. – Bidar, Abdennour, L’islam sans soumission. Pour un existentialisme musulman, Albin Michel, 2008. – Meddeb, Abdelwahab, Sortir de la malédiction.
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