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Illuminating Seismic Data VOL. 8, NO. 3 – 2011 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED geoexpro.com TECHNOLOGY Illuminating Walking Through Time on Seismic Data the Geopark Way EXPLORATION Georgia: Oil in the Sub-Thrust Zone? HISTORY OF OIL The Abu Dhabi Story GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT Clarity in Depth Sub-basalt PSDM in the West of Shetlands TGS offers industry leading 3D pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) algorithms and continues to add to its versatile data processing toolbox, including: State of the art noise and multiple removal techniques Tomographic solutions Algorithms include: Kirchhoff, beam, WEM and RTM Anisotropic (VTI and TTI) imaging AVO analysis For more information, contact TGS at: +44 (0) 1234 272122 [email protected] Visit TGS at the EAGE, booth 1240 Geophysical Geological Imaging Products Products Services www.tgsnopec.com Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Emerson GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED COLUMNS 68 5 Editorial 6 ExPro Update 3D reservoir models 12 Market Update are narrowing the un- certainty gap and remain ar- 14 A Minute to Read guably the most important decision- 30 GEO ExPro Profile: Farouk Al-Kasim making tool E&P companies have at their 42 Recent Advances in Technology: disposal in reservoir management today. Fish Hear a Great Deal FEATURES 52 History of Oil: The Abu Dhabi Story 72 GeoTourism: Walking Through Time 18 Cover Story: Technology: Illuminating Resolution 86 Exploration Update 26 Technology: The Best Place to Find Oil … 88 Geo Cities: Rio de Janeiro 36 SEISMIC FOLDOUT: South-western Barents Sea: 90 Q&A: The Barrel Awards Improved Imaging with Long-Offset Data 92 Hot Spot: Russia/Norway Barents Sea 48 Exploration: Georgia: Oil in the Sub Thrust Zone 94 Global Resource Management 58 SEISMIC FOLDOUT: Italian Adriatic Sea: Filling in the Gaps History of Oil: Early exploration in Abu Dhabi relied heavily on 64 Exploration: A Growing Atlantic Play geophysical surveys to locate potential oilfields. 68 Reservoir Modelling: Leveraging Complex Geologies 52 78 Exploration: Syria Offshore: Exciting New Frontier 82 The Standard Oil Story, Part 2: Nick Lee Franklin D. Rockefeller, the First Oil Tycoon 363 86 92 64 8 72 82 58 78 52 86 6 88 Petrel 2010 SEISMIC-TO-SIMULATION SOFTWARE Exploration scalability I loaded all the offshore Norway data in 35 seconds. With Petrel 2010, I’ve got it all. www.slb.com/petrel2010 Global Expertise Innovative Technology Measurable Impact Petrel and Measurable Impact are marks of Schlumberger. © 2011 Schlumberger. 11-IS-0102 Schlumberger. 2011 © Schlumberger. Measurable Impact marks Petrel of and are EDITORIAL One Year On GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED The first anniversary of the Macondo disaster in the Gulf of Mexico has been marked in a number of ways. www.geoexpro.com Foremost it has been an opportunity to remember the eleven men who lost their lives. But it has also been a GeoPublishing Ltd chance to take stock of the progress which has been made in ensuring that no other families will have to endure 15 Palace Place Mansion such tragedy. Kensington Court One of the major positives to have come from the disaster is the fact that oil companies are actively working London W8 5BB, U.K. together and sharing knowledge in order both to prevent future major oil spills and to be able to deal with them +44 20 7937 2224 if they do occur. Well containment systems have been designed which can be deployed rapidly and effectively in a variety of scenarios, not just in the Gulf Managing Director of Mexico but throughout the world. Major Tore Karlsson steps forward have been taken to improve Editor in Chief response procedures, and the technology is Jane Whaley designed to be made available to all opera- [email protected] tors, should the need arise. Many observers considered that lack Contributing Editors of regulatory control had a part to play in Thomas Smith the tragedy, and the US government has [email protected] responded by reorganising the agency re- sponsible. Other countries have also looked Halfdan Carstens © BP p.l.c [email protected] hard at their systems, realising that they too were allowing companies to drill in deep Rasoul Sorkhabi waters without asking the right questions [email protected] about the abilities of either companies or agencies to deal with a disaster of this scale. Oil spill recovery preparations and procedures Paul Wood The oil and gas business probably boasts some of the [email protected] best scientific intellects in any industry. These are brains which have developed the technology required to visu- alise rocks buried beneath salt and to identify separate sedimentary layers just tens of centimetres thick, or which Editorial enquiries GeoPublishing can discover ever more innovative ways of squeezing the last drop of oil from a field – topics discussed in this Jane Whaley issue of GEO ExPro. The industry should ensure that some of these brains are also exercised on planning for the +44 7812 137161 avoidance of disasters such as Macondo in the future. Lack of forethought and funding should never again allow [email protected] us to bury our heads in the sand and pretend that accidents cannot happen. www.geoexpro.com Marketing Manager JANE WHALEY Kirsti Karlsson Editor-in-Chief +44 79 0991 5513 [email protected] Subscription GeoPublishing Ltd +44 20 7937 2224 15 Palace Place Mansion Kensington Court London W8 5BB, U.K. [email protected] s VOL. 8, NO. 3 – 2011 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLA GEO EXPRO VOL. 8, NO. 3 – 2011 – 3 NO. 8, VOL. EXPRO GEO INED GEO EXPro is pub lished bi- geoexpro.com TECHNOLOGY monthly for a base subscrip tion Illuminating rate of GBP 60 a year (6 issues). Seismic Data Walking Through Time on the Geopark Way We encourage readers to alert ILLUMINATING RESOLUTION us to news for possible publica- Evaluation teams rely on high quality seismic to locate the remaining tion and to submit articles for hydrocarbons. Revolutionary new seismic acquisition techniques are publication. now helping geoscientists get high resolution images that illuminate the subsurface completely. Cover Illustration: Shell Upstream International EXPLORATION Inset: Herefordshire and Georgia: Oil in the Sub-Thrust Zone? Worcestershire Earth Heritage Trust. HISTORY OF OIL Inset: The Abberley and Malvern Hills Geopark Way is a long distance The Abu Dhabi Story walking trail that brings to life the fascinating geological story of this GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS RESERVOIR beautiful rural part of central England. MANAGEMENT Layout: Bookcraft Ltd. Print: NXT Oslo Reklamebyrå © 2011 GeoPublishing Limited. 1744-8743 Copyright or similar rights in all material in this publication, including graphics and other media, is owned by GeoPublishing Limited, issn unless otherwise stated. You are allowed to print extracts for your personal use only. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photographic, recorded or otherwise without the prior written permission of GeoPublishing Limited. Requests to republish material from this publication for distribution should be sent to the Editor in Chief. GeoPublishing Limited does not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained in this publication nor does it accept responsibility for errors or omissions or their consequences. Opinions expressed by contributors to this publication are not GEO ExPro APRIL 2011 5 necessarily those of GeoPublishing Limited. EXPRO UPDATE Progress in Colombia ABBREVIATIONS Reforms and security are paying dividends in Colombia Numbers (U.S. and scientific community) After years of decline, Colombia’s upstream goals of increasing reserves and continuously M: thousand = 1 x 103 oil and gas industry has been revived through boosting our production by more than 12% a MM: million = 1 x 106 a series of government regulatory reforms, year until we reach one million barrels equiv- B: billion = 1 x 109 partial privatization of the state oil company alent by 2015.” Independent oil companies T: trillion = 1 x 1012 Ecopetrol, and a much improved security recently claimed three light crude oil discoveries situation, all making the country attractive to in various basins along the Andes foothills and Liquids foreign investors. one in the eastern side of the country. barrel = bbl = 159 litre The government reforms that were started in Similar to the oil sector, natural gas produc- boe: barrels of oil equivalent 1999 are beginning to show some real results. tion has risen substantially since 2007. BP and bopd: barrels (bbls) of oil per day Now, Colombia’s upstream sector is seeing Chevron are the largest natural gas producers bcpd: bbls of condensate per day record levels of exploratory and development in the country. A large portion (43%) of Colom- bwpd: bbls of water per day drilling. Foreign investment in the oil sector bia’s gas production is re-injected for enhanced Gas was $2.95 billion in 2009 and over $3.5 billion oil recovery, but the country is producing more MMscfg: million ft3 gas in 2010. In early 2010, Colombia conducted its than the amount required for domestic con- MMscmg: million m3 gas latest bidding round that included 255 explor- sumption. Ecopetrol claims three new gas dis- Tcfg: trillion cubic feet of gas atory blocks covering 526 km2 in both frontier coveries in 2010 and independents are claiming and established producing areas. two substantial onshore gas discoveries. Ma: Million years ago The steep rise in oil production which has Considerably more drilling programs are occurred since 2007 has been through increas- planned for the rest of 2011 to follow up on LNG ing investment in existing fields, particularly the the recent oil and gas discoveries and to probe Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is natu- country’s largest, the Rubiales field, that contains newly leased acreage. Oil production for March, ral gas (primarily methane) cooled heavy crude below 15° API.
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