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Untersuchungen Zum Auftreten Von Strauzia Longipennis Wied. in Berlin

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Untersuchungen Zum Auftreten Von Strauzia Longipennis Wied. in Berlin JOURNAL FÜR KULTURPFLANZEN, 65 (8). S. 297–308, 2013, ISSN 1867-0911, DOI: 10.5073/JFK.2013.08.01 VERLAG EUGEN ULMER KG, STUTTGART Originalarbeit Sandra Lerche1, Peter Baufeld2, Tobias Schober3, Birgit Kummer4, Margit Naujok5, Carmen Büttner6 Untersuchungen zum Auftreten von Strauzia longipennis Wied. in Berlin und im Bundesland Brandenburg Investigation of the distribution of Strauzia longipennis Wied. in Berlin and in the Federal Land Brandenburg 297 Zusammenfassung gewiesen. Im Jahr 2012 sank die Zahl der in Brandenburg positiv bonitierten Orte auf zwei; hier war nur ein geringer Außerhalb Nordamerikas wurde die dort endemische Befall zu verzeichnen. An zwei Standorten in Berlin wurde Sonnenblumenfruchtfliege Strauzia longipennis Wied. erst- S. longipennis jedoch mit hoher Abundanz nachgewiesen. mals 2009/10 durch Sichtungen und Fänge in Berlin doku- Die Ergebnisse der beiden Boniturjahre belegen, dass die mentiert. Da die Adaption dieser Fruchtfliege an gemäßigte Sonnenblumenfruchtfliege in Berlin und im Land Branden- Klimate den Verdacht nahelegte, dass eine Überwinterung burg territorial bereits weit verbreitet ist, aber deutlichen in unseren Breiten möglich ist und darüber hinaus die Art Abundanzschwankungen unterliegt. Das wiederholte Auf- als Quarantäneschädling geführt wird, fanden im Jahr 2011 treten der Art auf Flächen in Berlin und im Land Branden- umfangreiche systematische Erhebungen zur Verbreitung burg im Jahr 2012 beweist, dass sich die Art in der Region dieser Art in Berlin und im Bundesland Brandenburg an dauerhaft etabliert hat. Zusätzlich belegen die Ergebnisse, Sonnenblumen Helianthus annuus L. und Topinambur dass die Einschleppung in Deutschland bereits deutlich frü- H. tuberosus L. statt. Es wurden Pflanzen sowohl von her als 2009/10 – bei der ersten Registrierung in Berlin – Feldern mit erwerbsmäßigem Anbau von H. annuus als stattgefunden haben muss. Darüber hinaus zeigten die auch von Feldern mit Durchwuchs, von Feldrändern, aus Untersuchungen, dass Topinambur ebenfalls zum Wirts- einer Gärtnerei, von Versuchsflächen und aus dem Bereich pflanzenspektrum der Fruchtfliege in Deutschland gehört. von Haus- und Kleingärten auf den Befall mit S. longi- Das Auftreten der Art in Berlin und im Land Brandenburg pennis untersucht. Dieses Monitoring wurde 2012 als Über- über mehrere Jahre und der Mangel an Wissen über die sichtsbonitur weitergeführt. Im Jahr 2011 wurden im Land eingeschleppte Population macht weitere Forschung zu Brandenburg insgesamt 27 Fundorte festgestellt, wobei es verschiedenen Aspekten dringend notwendig. sich hauptsächlich um Schläge mit feldmäßigem Anbau von H. annuus handelte. Nur in den Landkreisen Ober- Stichwörter: Fruchtfliege, Strauzia longipennis, Sonnen- spreewald-Lausitz und Prignitz konnte der Schädling nicht blumenfruchtfliege, Helianthus, Minierer, Sonnenblume, beobachtet werden. In Berlin wurden 16 Fundorte nach- Quarantäneschädling Institut Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Berlin aktuell: Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, Institut für Landschaftsbiogeochemie, Müncheberg1 Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) – Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegen- heiten der Pflanzengesundheit, Außenstelle Kleinmachnow2 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Fachgebiet Urbane Pflanzenökophysiologie, Berlin3 Pflanzenschutzamt Berlin4 Landesamt für Ländliche Entwicklung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung (LELF), Abt. Pflanzenschutzdienst, Referat Ackerbau und Grünland, Wünsdorf5 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Berlin6 Kontaktanschrift Dr. Sandra Lerche, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, E-Mail: [email protected] Zur Veröffentlichung angenommen 2. Mai 2013 SANDRA LERCHE et al., Untersuchungen zum Auftreten von Strauzia longipennis … Abstract auszuschließen, dass sich S. longipennis bereits in Berlin Originalarbeit etabliert hatte. Da es sich bei dieser Art laut Richtlinie The sunflower maggot Strauzia longipennis Wied. is en- 2000/29/EG bzw. Pflanzenbeschauverordnung, Anhang I, demic in North America. First observations on the fruit Teil A, Kapitel I um einen Quarantäneschadorganismus fly in Europe were obtained in Berlin and dates back to handelt, waren Untersuchungen zum Auftreten und 2009/10. Considering the adaption of the species to der Verbreitung von S. longipennis notwendig. Beson- climatic conditions in Central Europe and the status as ders im Bundesland Brandenburg ist der Anbau von quarantine pest an extensive survey on the occurrence of Sonnenblumen von ökonomischer Bedeutung. In den the fruit fly was carried out in Berlin and Federal Land Jahren 2003 bis 2011 befand sich hier mit 16 800 bis Brandenburg in 2011. The infestation with S. longipennis 18 200 ha etwa 60–70% der deutschen Gesamtanbau- was investigated on sunflower H. annuus as well as Jeru- fläche für diese Kultur (ANONYMUS, 2010; ANONYMUS, salem artichoke H. tuberosus L. Therefore, plants were 2011c). examined growing on fields i.e. sunflower fields and Die Sonnenblumenfruchtfliege wurde erstmals 1830 other crops (plants growing through or growing on the durch WIEDEMANN unter dem Namen Trypeta longipennis edges) as well as plants from a nursery, from experimen- beschrieben. Weitere Beschreibungen der Art fanden un- tal fields, backyards, allotments and roadsides. Further ter verschiedenen Synonymen statt (ANONYMUS, 2011b). monitoring was conducted in 2012 in Land Brandenburg Taxonomisch wird S. longipennis in die Klasse Insecta, to achieve an overview of the situation of infestation, Ordnung Diptera, Unterordnung Brachycera, Familie Te- 298 whereas in Berlin, two sides were closely examined. In phritidae eingruppiert. Die letzte Revision der Art fand 2011 S. longipennis was found in Land Brandenburg and 1999 von NORRBOM et al. statt. Berlin. In Brandenburg, on 27 locations mostly cultivated Die Art S. longipennis ist in Nordamerika weit verbrei- with Helianthus annuus L. were plants registered to be tet und kommt in den meisten Gebieten der USA sowie infested with the fruit fly. Only in districts Oberspree- in vielen Provinzen Kanadas vor. Im englischsprachigen wald-Lausitz and Prigniz, the sunflower maggot could Raum ist die Fliege unter der Bezeichnung ‚sunflower not be detected. In Berlin infested plants were observed maggot‘ bekannt (FOOTE und BLANC, 1963; KNODEL, 2009). at 16 locations. One year later, the number of positively Nach KNODEL (2009) handelt es sich bei S. longipennis um tested fields in Brandenburg declined. The sunflower den einzigen Vertreter der Tephritidae, der in den Stän- maggot could be detected only on two fields. Further- geln von kultivierten Sonnenblumen miniert. Neben more, abundance on these fields was low. Nevertheless, Helianthus annuus L. werden weitere Arten der Gattung relatively high abundance of the species was observed at Helianthus befallen. Dazu zählen Topinambur, H. tubero- two locations in Berlin. The results of both years verify sus L., die Staudensonnenblume H. laetiflorus L., H. maxi- the territorial wide distribution of the sunflower maggot miliani Schrad. und die in Nordamerika beheimatete Wild- within Berlin and the Federal Land Brandenburg. Fur- art H. hirsutus Raf. Darüber hinaus wurden als weitere ther, significant variations of abundance between the Wirtspflanzen Smallanthus uvedalia L., das Gartenson- years were shown. Despite the differences in the years, nenauge Heliophis helianthoides L., Ambrosia sp. und der the repeated presence of S. longipennis in Berlin and Runzelige Wasserdost Ageratina altissima L. beschrieben Land Brandenburg proves the permanent establishment (WESTDAL und BARRETT, 1960; WASBAUER, 1972; STEYSKAL, of the species within the region. Additionally, it can be 1986; CHARLET und GAVLOSKI, 2011). assumed that the introduction of the species in Germany Die Sonnenblumenfruchtfliege wird als sehr variabel must have taken place quite earlier than with the first hinsichtlich morphologischer Merkmale bezeichnet (AXEN detection in Berlin in 2009/10. Furthermore, the study et al., 2010). Von LOEW wurden 1873 noch 7 Varietäten demonstrates the Jerusalem artichoke H. tuberosus as innerhalb der Art unterschieden. Einige dieser Varietä- another host plant of the fly species within Germany. The ten gelten inzwischen als eigene Arten (STEYSKAL, 1986; occurence of S. longipennis in Berlin and Land Branden- STOLTZFUS, 1988). Die Adulten von S. longipennis der Art burg for several years and the lack of knowledge regard- sind mit ihrer gelben Färbung an Caput, Thorax und ing the introduced population emphasize the need for Abdomen sehr augenfällige Tiere. Am Thorax befinden further research. sich mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägte schwarze Be- reiche bzw. Streifen mit höchstens leicht dunklen Strei- Key words: Fruit fly, Strauzia longipennis,sunflower fen an den Pleuren. Das letzte Tarsensegment ist in der maggot, Helianthus, mining, sunflower, quarantine pest Regel gleichfarbig im Vergleich zu den anderen Segmen- ten; es kann jedoch auch leicht dunkler ausgebildet sein. Auf der Hüfte befindet sich ein dunkler Bereich. Die Flie- Einleitung gen besitzen grüne Komplexaugen (Abb. 1). Die Länge der Fliegen beträgt zwischen 6 und 8 mm; die Flügel- Seit vier Jahren wird vom Auftreten der bis dahin außer- spannweite wird mit 13 mm angegeben (WESTDAL und halb Nordamerikas unbekannten
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