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CHAPTER 12 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION 12.01 Transport and communication is the all-weather connectivity as compared to the basic infrastructural requirement for achieving National average of 60%. rapid economic development. Adequacy of 12.03 During 2005-06, the total road length infrastructure in transport and communication of the State comprising of sector is crucial for attracting investment. The • 3,592 km.--- --National Highways, ongoing economic reforms, therefore, attach • 29km.------- State Express Highways, high priority to development of transport and • 3,887 km. ---- State Highways, communication infrastructure. The Industrial • 4,277 km.----Major District Roads Policy, 2001 accords special priority to • 6,314 km.-----Other District Roads infrastructural development which in turn • 27,462 km.---- Rural Roads, would facilitate flow of funds for large • 20,314km.-----P. Samiti Roads, investments in the industrial sector. • 1,39942 km--- G.P. Roads, Development of transportation infrastructure is • 7,298 km.----- Forest Roads, also essential for marketing of agricultural • 17,282 km-----Urban Roads produces and enable the farmers to get fair • 6,277 km---- Irrigation Roads price. State Government have, therefore, • 88 km ----. GRIDCO Roads. accorded high priority for all round development in Transport and Communication PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA (PMGSY) Sector. 12.04 Realising the importance of rural connectivity, Government of India launched a ROADS major rural road connectivity programme 12.02 In the absence of adequate internal named “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana rail linkage, road communication is the major (PMGSY)” during December, 2000. The prime means for movement in many parts of Orissa. objective of PMGSY is to provide connectivity As good roads improve the accessibility of the to unconnected villages in rural areas by way rural people to markets and facilitate better of all-weather roads, with necessary culverts delivery of services, emphasis is being given and cross-drainage structures in such a way to provide all-weather road communication to that habitations with population of 1000 and inaccessible areas and upgrade the existing above are covered by 2002-03 and road network. So far only 40% of unconnected habitations with population of approximately 50,000 villages in Orissa have CHAPTER 12 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 500 and above by the end of Tenth Plan 12.08 During 2006-07, 443 nos. of roads and period (2007). In respect of hilly States, desert 4261 nos. of CD works have been sanctioned areas as well as tribal areas, the objective has under Normal PMGSY scheme, Ph-VI with been to connect habitations with a population project cost of Rs.579.84 crore. Besides, 400 of 250 and above. roads and 4718 nos. of CD works have also been sanctioned under ADB finance scheme 12.05 In Orissa, PMGSY came into operation with project cost of Rs.531.81 crore. in the year 2000-01. By the end of 2005-06, 2618 nos. of roads covering length of 8326. RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FUND (RIDF) 47 km. and 21367 nos. of C.D. works have 12.09 Development of infrastructure in the been sanctioned in five phases with project transport and communication sector in rural cost of Rs.1,895.39 crore. Besides, 257 areas is an essential pre-requisite for roads of 1189.17 km length and 2958 CD accelerated economic development. The works have also been sanctioned in 2005-06 recent Government policies with emphasis on under ADB finance. liberalization and globalization are aimed at 12.06 Out of these, 1,572 nos. of roads with attracting foreign investment in the 4,586.38 kms. length have been completed by infrastructure sector. These investments are the end of 2005-06. Out of this 4,090.06 kms flowing to the core sector, leaving the rural were blacktopped and 460.44 kms were infrastructure entirely to the State Govt. concrete road. Besides, 14,576 numbers of Besides, there are many infrastructure CD works were also completed by the end of projects lying incomplete for want of 2005-06. The cumulative expenditure made resources. Against this background, the Govt. under PMGSY by the end of 2005-06 was of India set up RIDF which has been Rs.1,195.16 crore. By completion of these operationalised by NABARD since 1995-96. works 2,211 habitations have been benefited. Funds are being provided to the State Govt. for completing / taking up new infrastructure 12.07 During 2005-06, 341 nos. roads of projects in rural areas. length 1,277.22 kms. and 5,182 numbers of CD works have been completed with an 12.10 The number of incomplete road and expenditure of Rs.440.50 crore. Out of bridge projects under R.D. Department along 1,277.22 km. roads, 1,105.65 kms. were black with new road and bridge projects have been topped and 171.57 kms. were concrete. included in the RIDF schemes and are in operation under different phases. Starting from RIDF-II to RIDF – XI, 359 projects (115 ECONOMIC SURVEY 12/2 CHAPTER 12 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION nos. of roads with length of 1174.483 kms. nos. of projects have been taken up with an and 244 bridges) were sanctioned with agreement cost of Rs.14.27 crore. By the end revised project cost of Rs.477.81 crore and of 2005-06, 8 projects have been completed NABARD loan Rs.437.01 crore. Of these, and another 3 were in progress. The 202 projects (33 nos. of roads of 365.237 cumulative expenditure made under the kms. and 169 bridges) have been completed programme by the end of 2005-06 was with an expenditure of Rs.301.27 crore Rs.9.94 crore. (Rs.70.59 crore for roads and Rs.230.38 crore RURAL CONNECTIVITY THROUGH for bridges) by the end of 2005-06. The CONSTITUENCY-WISE ALLOTMENT (CWA) balance 157 projects are at different stages of 12.13 The constituency wise allocation @ completion. By completion of these 202 Rs.10.00 lakh to each of 145 rural projects, about 65.23 lakh population constituencies is being given to take up the belonging to 5083 villages have been road project in rural areas in consultation with benefited. local representatives. During 2005-06 against the target to take up 804 nos. of roads for 12.11 During 2005-06, it was proposed to repair / improvement and 163 CD works, 562 take up 61 roads and 116 bridges and a sum nos. roads and 126 nos. of CD works have of Rs.80.27 crore was provided in the Budget. been completed with cumulative expenditure Out of these, 9 roads and 35 bridges were of Rs.12.14 crore. Details of physical target completed. It has been programmed to take and achievement are given below. up 108 roads and 98 bridges in 2006-07 with plan allocation of Rs.60.00 crore. Besides, Table - 12.1 Physical progress under CWA. proposals for 36 bridges and 142 roads Target length under Cumulative Standard repair /improvement achievement have been recommended to NABARD by BT (in Km) 140.908 99.506 High Power Committee for sanction. CC (-do-) 12.676 6.607 MT (-do-) 166.36 128.536 CONNECTIVITY PROGRAMME UNDER MSB 36.742 18.488 RLTAP FOR KBK DISTRICTS EW 67.165 36.204 CD (in nos.) 163 126 12.12 KBK region is one of the most Source: Rural Works. backward regions in the country. Poor road RURAL ROAD connectivity is the important facet of its 12.14 Roads from the lifeline of any region backwardness. In order to improve which is the most important indicator for connectivity in KBK districts, Special Central Infrastructure / Economic development Assistance (SCA) has been made available without link roads the rural areas can not be since 2001-02. Under this programme, 12 developed. It not only meets the needs of ECONOMIC SURVEY 12/3 CHAPTER 12 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION movement of the people and velicular traffic Major District Road and other district road, but also helps in transportation of inputs for urban roads which are the necessary agriculture and rural industries. Although this infrastructure for agricultural, industrial and is a basic need of the region but there has commercial development of any region. been wide diversity between districts. To Economic backwardness of any region is due obtain a comparative picture between districts to lack of such road communication which is the rural road length (link roads) per 1000 sq. solely responsible for discouraging km. area is an important indicator given in entrepreneurs to setup large industrial or Map-I It reflects that Jagatsinghpur (483.81 commercial establishments. Therefore the km.) has the best average followed by large disparity between districts is responsible Bhadrak (344.51 km.) Jajpur (334.6 km.), for differential economic growth. Pictorial Khurda (328.14 km.), Cuttack (324.2 km.) presentation of surfaced road per 1000 sq.km. and Balesore (320.2 km.). Districts having is given in Map-II which reflects Khurda (748 lower rural length per 1000 sq.km. are km.) followed by Cuttack (509 km.) Bhadrak Nayagarh (67.35 km.), Koraput, Kandhamal, (454 km.), Puri (426 km.), Jharsuguda (416 Nawarangpur, Angul, Gajapati, Rayagada, km.), Jagatsinghpur (383 km.) as against the Sundargarh, Kalahandi, Sambalpur, Keonjhar State average 218 km. and national average etc. Most of these districts are tribal districts 500 km. The districts like Nawarangpur (62 where majority of the villages have remained km), Malkangiri, Deogarh, Gajapati, Bargarh, unconnected. Rayagada, Kandhamal are very much Map-I backward in this regard. Map-II 12.15 Surface road per 1000 sq.km, which includes National Highway, State Highway, ECONOMIC SURVEY 12/4 CHAPTER 12 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SPECIAL REPAIR PROGRAMME, 2005-06 3592.027 km.