Adat Budaya Siraman Pengantin Jawa Syarat Makna Dan Filosofi

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Adat Budaya Siraman Pengantin Jawa Syarat Makna Dan Filosofi TEKNOBUGA Volume 2 No.2 – November 2015 ADAT BUDAYA SIRAMAN PENGANTIN JAWA SYARAT MAKNA DAN FILOSOFI Endang Setyaningsih, Atiek Zahrulianingdyah PKK, Fakultas Teknik UNNES Abstract: The traditional Javanese wedding ceremony is a heritage palace that used to be held by the royal family, but also with the times, wedding cultural customs prevalent in society to foreign countries. One of the indigenous culture of marriage is still held is being washed cultural customs Javanese wedding custom bridal spray Javanese culture has an idea of watering or bathing the bride in order to groom the holy birth and his inner clean and ready to begin married life. Supplies spray bride among others, tumpeng lengkap, tumpeng robyong, tumpeng gundul, jajan pasar, bunga tujuh rupa, kendi yang berisi dari tujuh sumber mata air bertuah, kain batik wahyu tumurun, cendol, uang kreweng dari tanah liat, kloso bongko, daun tolak balak, and others. Attachments are presented have meaning and philosophy of life guidance so that the bride can wade life happy and prosperous. Indigenous culture Javanese wedding splash at the present time are widespread in various layers of the Java community both in domestic and in foreign countries, even The alien keen to learn, because have noble philosophy, for it needs to be socialized by the media about the culture of indigenous customary marriage Java completely. Keywords: bride, Showers, Indigenous Java Abstrak: Upacara perkawinan adat Jawa merupakan warisan tradisi keraton yang dulu hanya boleh diselenggarakan oleh keluarga keraton saja, akan tetapi dengan perkembangan zaman, adat budaya perkawainan berkembang luas di masyarakat sampai manca Negara. Salah satu dari adat budaya perkawinan yang sampai saat ini masih dilaksanakan adalah adat budaya siraman pengantin Jawa, adat budaya siraman pengantin Jawa mempunyai pengertian menyirami atau memandikan calon pengantin agar pengantin bersih suci lahir dan batinnya dan siap memulai kehidupan berumah tangga. Perlengkapan siraman pengantin antara lain, tumpeng lengkap, tumpeng robyong, tumpeng gundul, jajan pasar, bunga tujuh rupa, kendi yang berisi dari tujuh sumber mata air bertuah, kain batik wahyu tumurun, cendol, uang kreweng dari tanah liat, kloso bongko, daun tolak balak, dan lain-lain. Perlengkapan yang disajikan mempunyai makna dan filosofi tuntunan hidup agar calon pengantin dapat mengarungi kehidupanyang bahagia dan sejahtera. Adat budaya siraman pengantin Jawa pada masa kini berkembang luas diberbagai lapisan masyarakat Jawa baik di nusantara maupun di manca Negara, bahkan orang asingpun tertarik untuk mempelajarinya, karena…….mempunyai filosofi yang luhur, untuk itu perlu disosialisasi dengan berbagai media tentang adat budaya perkawinan adat Jawa dengan lengkap. Kata kunci : Pengantin, Siraman, Adat Jawa PENDAHULUAN Apalagi jika dihelat dalam keindahan Pernikahan selalu menjadi sesuatu budaya adat istiadat yang turun temurun yang sakral, agung dan penuh keharuan. dan tentunya memiliki nilai filosofi tinggi 1 TEKNOBUGA Volume 2 No.2 – November 2015 dalam setiap pesan yang disampaikan kurang dari tujuh sampai dengan sembilan kepada kedua mempelai sebagai tuntunan orang. Pertama yang menyirami adalah bekal hidup berumah tangga. Dan ayah, ibu, lalu kerabat lainnya dan terakhir menurut pesan Bapak H. Susilo adalah perias pengantin dan masing- Bambang Yudhoyono Presiden RI dalam masing sesepuh melaksanakan siraman rangka melaksanakan hajat mantu putera sebanyak tiga kali dengan gayung dari ke dua, “Benar menurut agama, indah tempurung kelapa (Perkawinan, 2002 : menurut budaya” (Nova, 2011 : 6). Salah 111). Jumlah sembilan orang sesepuh, satu dari adat budaya pengantin Jawa menurut budaya keraton Surakarta untuk mengenai siraman pengantin. Adat pengertian adalah mengenang keluhuran budaya siraman pengantin dengan segala wali songo (wali sembilan) yang bermakna kelengkapannya mengandung nilai filosofi manunggalnya Jawa dengan Islam. Selain yang penuh pesan tentang tatanan itu angka sembilan juga bermakna kehidupan yang akan diarungi oleh “Bababan bawa songo” yang harus pengantin berdua, adat budaya siraman dikendalikan (Mahligai, 2007 : 22). pengantin dengan segala kelengkapannya Perlengkapan-perlengkapan dan bermula dari zaman Islam masuk di tanah syarat-syarat lain yang disiapkan Jawa yang tercermin dari salah satu mengandung simbol-simbol nilai filosofi prosesi siraman yaitu berwudhu dengan dan tuntunan hidup, antara lain : tumpeng air kendi yang diambil dari tujuh bagian lengkap, tumpeng robyong, tumpeng sumber mata air yang bertuah, menurut gandul, jajan pasar, jambangan yang diisi KRAY. TG Ami Soekardi dalam tulisannya dengan air dan bunga tujuh rupa (manca mengenai prosesi pengantin adat Solo warna), kendi yang berisi dari tujuh (Mahligai, 2007 : 22). Acara siraman sumber mata air bertuah, dll. dilakukan sehari sebelum akad nikah adapun tujuan dari prosesi siraman PEMBAHASAN pengantin ialah memandikan calon 1. Tinjauan Tentang Siraman pengantin agar bersih dan suci lahir dan Pengantin batin. Upacara perkawinan adat Jawa Syarat untuk menyirami calon merupakan warisan tradisi keraton yang pengantin harus dipilih yaitu orang yang dulu hanya boleh diselenggarakan oleh sudah menikah atau sesepuh keluarga keluarga keraton saja. Sebagai warisan yang menjadi teladan, dikarenakan tradisi keraton tak pelak tata cara diharapkan berkahnya, jumlah ganjil tidak pernikahan adat Jawa ini merupakan 2 TEKNOBUGA Volume 2 No.2 – November 2015 rangkaian upacara yang sarat makna dan pengantin perempuan mengenakan filosofi, yang intinya adalah untuk busana kembangan atau yang disebut memuliakan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sawitan, baju kebaya dan kain motifnya serta memohon berkah dan keselamatan sama (Mahligai, 2007 : 38). bagi calon pasangan suami istri dalam Menurut R Soemodidjojo (2008 : 31) menjalankan biduk rumah tangganya pelaksanaan siraman pengantin pria dan kelak. (Mahligai, 2007 : 18) dan salah satu wanita dimulai dari menyiram kepala prosesi pernikahan adat Jawa yang menggunakan air bunga setaman, badan masih dipertahankan dan dilestaraikan digosok dengan tepung beras tujuh adalah prosesi siraman pengantin. warna yang dicampur dengan mangir, Siraman pengantin “Siraman” dari pandan wangi dan daun kemuning yang kata siram (bahasa Jawa) yang dalam sudah dihaluskan. Yang menyirami adalah pengertian Bahasa Indonesia para orang tua yang dituakan, calon memandikan calon pengantin agar calon pengantin didudukan di bangku yang pengantin bersih, suci lahir dan batin. diberi alas tikar baru dan daun-daunan (Perkawinan, 2012 : 111). (daun opo-opo, daun koro, daun kluwih, Menurut Anjar Ani (Perkawinan Adat daun dhadap srep, daun alang-alang), Jawa Lengkap, 1986 : 36) siraman yang ditutup dengan kain batik motif Yuyu pengantin adat Jawa dimulai dari jam Sekandang atau lawon. Setelah selesai 11.00 pagi, menurut Syahibul Hikayat, menyirami pengantin dilanjutkan dengan pada jam-jam tersebut bidadari dari wudhu dari air kendi yang berasal dari khayangan sedang turun ke sendang tujuh sumber sumur bertuah. Kendi untuk mandi, harapannya agar calon kemudian dipecah oleh orang tua calon pengantin wanita mendapat berkah pengantin dengan mengucapkan “sudah kecantikan dari sang bidadari. keluar aura anaku”. Adapun kelengkapan Dalam pelaksanaan prosesi lain yang disajikan yaitu tumpeng lengkap, “siraman pengantin” busana calon tumpeng robyong, tumpeng gandul, bubur pengantin wanita adalah kain batik motif merah putih, jajan pasar, bunga dan ayam “wahyu tumurun” dan kemben kain hidup. “bangun tulak” (berlaku di keraton Pelaksanaan tradisi siraman Surakarta), sedangkan orang tua pengantin dilakukan oleh kedua orang tua mengenakan “batik cakar” dan sabuk pengantin, sesepuh yang mempunyai kemben “bangun tulak” dan setelah keteladanan dalam kehidupan berumah selesai melakukan siraman calon tangga yang berjumlah sembilan orang, 3 TEKNOBUGA Volume 2 No.2 – November 2015 masing-masing menyiram sebanyak tiga calon pengantin dimandikan dengan air kali dengan air bunga manca warna yang diambil dari tujuh sumber yaitu dengan gayung yang terbuat dari Masjid Baiturrahman, Istana Merdeka, tempurung kelapa yang diakhiri siraman kediaman Ibu Sumarti (Ibunda Ibu Ani dari ayah calon pengantin wanita. Yudhoyono), Istana Cipnas, Kediaman Ibu Kemudian calon pengantin berwudhu Habibah (Ibunda Bpk H. Susilo Bambang dengan air kendi yang berisi dari tujuh Yudhoyono), di Pacitan, Puri Cikeas, dan sumber mata air bertuah. Setelah itu ayah kediaman Bapak H. Hatta Rajasa. pengantin wanita memecahkan (klenting) Siraman dipercaya membersihkan jiwa kendi sambil mengucapkan “ora mecah seseorang dalam menempuh babak baru. kendi, nanging mecah pamore anaku” (Tabloid Bintang, 2011 : 05). yang diartikan dalam bahasa Indonesia Prosesi “dodol cendol” yaitu satu “tidak memecahkan kendi, akan tetapi acara dalam satu rangkaian siraman mengeluarkan aura anakku” agar tampak pengantin. “Dodol cendol” yang bermakna seperti bidadari. (Mahligai, 2007 : 23). dari cendol yang berbentuk bulat yang Di era modern adat budaya siraman melambangkan kebulatan tekad orang tua pengantin menjadi sarana untuk untuk menjodohkan anak. Membeli cendol menyampaikan petuah-petuah dalam dengan kereweng (pecahan genting). Hal mengantarkan putera-puterinya untuk itu menunjukkan bahwa kehidupaan mengarungi bahtera hidup, agar dapat manusia berasal dari bumi, adapun yang terhindar dari segala halangan dan melayani pembeli adalah ibu, yang rintangan hidup untuk menuju keluarga menerima pembayaran adalah ayah. Hal yang sakinah, mawadah, warohmah. ini mengajarkan bahwa mencari
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