CALL FG COMING NEXT ISSUE Traditionally, the November—December Issue ~F California Highways and Public Works Magazine Will Be the Annual Report Issue

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CALL FG COMING NEXT ISSUE Traditionally, the November—December issue ~f California Highways and Public Works Magazine will be the annual report issue.

~~~~r ~,, ~ ~ ~,. CALIFORNIA highways and public works.

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS STATE OF CALIFORNIA

VOLUME 45 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1966 NOS 9-10

AN ENGINEER LOO}SS AT AESTHETICS 2 By Louis G. Kroeck john c. robinson, EditoY

FROM THE DESK OF R. J. DATEL ~ O Stewart mitchell, Maz2aging Editov By Robert J. Datel bill metzel, Art Director

WYHAT'S lJP—IN THE AIR? 12 William r. Chaney, Chief Plaotogvaphe~' By Eric P. Grant

LONG BEACH ~ S l~ditors are invited to use information contained herein and to request prints of any black and ~~'hite photographs. FIRST FLIGHT PAVING JOB 26 By Charles F. Gustafson Address communications to BOB NANCE, INFORMATION OFFICER SIMI VALLEY FREEWAY ~O CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS By Charles F. Gustafson P.O. BOX 1499 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95807 JOHNNY LUPINESEED 36 ~ By Marcia J. Mickelsen

BRIDGE DESIGN AWARDS 38

HIGHWAY GOMM15510NER JAMES A. GUTHRIE DIES 4O

WELL DONE 42

NEW USE OF SPACE 43 By Howard Smith

BYLINES 44

Front cover: Car and boat on trailer on ramp, with city skyline in distance, symbolizes the mixture of recreation and urban development in the city of Long Beach. See story on page 18. Photo by Sam Smith, District 7 Headquarters, Los Angeles.

Back cover: Scene is view from Highway 395, Conway Summit, just north of Mono Lake, looking toward the High Sierra, through magnificent groves of aspens in this vicinity. Photo by John Meyerpeter, Headquarters Photo Lab. "An outstanding network of state highways is essential to the future growth of California's economy" —Gover~aor Edmund G. Brown 3 ~' g °9 A

Louis G. Kroeck

Fancy phrases will not get the job of the mud"—is well behind us. Our ple iri the past have questioned this done! "Yield to the environmental newer roads are sophisticated in all re- noble endeavor. The vast majority in needs of our community soul," or spects except perhaps for their appear- past years have envisioned the highway "Understanding the psychology of the ance. Now that the foundations of a engineer as a hero in getting traffic onto fashions of our great society," may be basic highway transportation network pavement and across rivers. fine for Sunday afternoon reading, but have been laid, the public is beginning Times are changing and engineers they are of little help to an engineer to expect some amenities from the gas must keep up with this change. Hope- who works with specifics. Although tax dollar. An all-weather surface and fully, there will be some additions deeply concerned about the "soul" of adequate traffic interchanges are no to the curricula of our engineering a community, he can find little in the longer amenities but something the schools. Schools of architecture have way of constructive advice in these public expects with each highway proj- long required their students to be well phrases that he can apply directly to ect. The engineer is left to grope for versed in structural design as well as his projects. He asks, "What specifi- some reasonable balance between func- aesthetics. Engineering education could cally can I do to enhance the appear- tion, cost, and aesthetics. well benefit from a focus in the field of ance of my project?" Today the engineer is in an enviable balance, form, and texture. Engineers have long recognized that position. He now has the skill and re- Our engineering schools, being sen- public acceptance is the key to success sources to shape a new environment. sitive to the changing needs, can and of the highway program. They are also He must also accept the responsibility will meet the challenge. Any change in well aware of the popular movement of recognizing the qualities that make the academic program, however, will for more beautiful highways. It is dif~i- one environment different from an- be slow in producing results, due to the cult, however,for an engineer to rapid- other. inherent time lag" of education. An im- ly change his approach after so many There is no doubt that superb works mediate educational program is there- years of trying to stretch the limited have been created by engineers. Engi- fore necessary for the engineers al- funds in order to keep ahead of the ex- neers have also made their mistakes. ready in the field. The Division of panding traffic problem. The engi- One of the problems is that engineers Highways is meeting its share of the neer's approach is a realistic one based have sometimes taken a narrower view problem head-on. A training program on the knowledge of cost and traffic of the work than the highway user or is well underway at the time of this needs. There was a time when the viewer. writing. This program is only the be- major job was to pave our unimproved The highway engineer's primary ginning. Each highway district hope- road network as rapidly as possible. concern is moving traffic in as safe and fully will carry on a training program This phase of our work—"getting out economical way as possible. Few peo- on a continuing basis. Good highway design includes rounded cuts, attractive signs, and open vistas to add interest for the traveler.

1Vlotivation is not the primary prob- 'not be limited to the scenic high- lern. Engineers in Planning,Design, and waysystem but should encompass Construction have always been atten- all highways in the district. tive to the appearance of their projects. 2. On the district level the commit- However,the majority o~f highway en- tee shauId concern itself initially gineers and technicians need to be told with details both in design and specifically what part they can plan in construction since it appeared this beautification movement. The im- that the sum of the details will mediate program dealing with specific show results in the shortest possi- details reaps quick results in public ble time. acceptance. Along-range educational 3. The second phase of our studies program, however, will be required in should encompass the long-range building of another dimension to add planning aspects of route selec- to function and economy—aesthetics. tion. District 10 has been quick to recog- task was to evaluate our nize the problem and the needs. The 4. The first both by obser- first action by the district engineer, J. present highways and by study of available G. Meyer, was to appoint a "scenic vation highway committee." The committee material. "WHAT SPECIFICALLY was composed of representatives at the 5. Prepare and execute some kind of CAN I DO senior level from Maintenance, Con- educational program within the TO ENHANCE struction, Traffic, Right of Way, and district based on our evaluation of the Design Departments. The commit- existing highways. THE APPEARANCE tee was given complete freedom to 6. Prepare some type of standard OF MY PROJECT?" formulate its own method of operation, and guidelines for all departments. responsibilities, and limitations. The following general guidelines As a method of operation to evaluate our existing highways, the committee were formulated after the first meeting has made a field trip once a month to of the committee: study, discuss, and photograph both 1. The committee's activities should good and poor details. The collection

contours.

slopes slopes into into fit fit natural to to e,~'ect e,~'ect and and

tunnel eliminate eliminate to to rounded rounded be be should should

cuts, cuts, slopes sharp sharp of of Instead Instead

slope? the the round round and and •flatten •flatten to to taken taken

be trees trees encouraged. and and shrubs shrubs trees trees of of additional additional growth growth should should natural natural of of or or trees, trees, save save

and and return ground ground smoothed, smoothed, the the away, away, to steep steep held held be be cuts cuts the the should should area area

cleared should should be be

dirt dirt of of

piles piles unnecessary unnecessary and and forest a a In In conflicts. conflicts. its its

and and

problems problems

structures, unsightly unsightly

old old

paving, paving,

realignment, realignment, On On

its without without not., not., is is philosophy philosophy This This

steep. and and rugged rugged be be should should cuts cuts the the

terrain steep steep rugged rugged In In roadway. roadway. the the

of part part as as not not country, country, the the of of part part as as

appear should should fills fills and and cuts cuts The The warp. warp.

and roll roll should should slopes slopes the the country country ing• ing•

roll- slopes. slopes. In In flat flat very very with with least least at at or or

nonexistent be be should should Ditches Ditches flat. flat. be be

should slopes slopes the the land, land, flat flat on on built built is is

highway the the If If line. line. -way -way -of right the the at at

not shoulder, shoulder, the the of of edge edge at at the the begin begin

appear appear to should should ground ground natural natural the the

fills, or or cuts cuts height height of of the the of of gardless gardless

re- that, that, means means this this area area rural rural a a In In

Environment fhe fhe Fit Fit

standpoint: thetic thetic

aes- an an from from highways highways our our improve improve

to attempt attempt our our in in program program -range -range long

a for for point point starting starting a a as as considered considered

has 10 10 District District details details the the few few a a of of at at

look quick quick a a take take and and back back step step Let's Let's

cast.

small at at done done be be can can much much aesthetics aesthetics

of field field this this in in that that out out to to point point served served

and expectation expectation beyond beyond was was cases cases some some

in product product end end the the allotment, allotment, fiscal fiscal

project the the within within were were ous ous projects projects

vari- the the on on construction construction during during made made

changes the the Although Although to to cooperate. cooperate.

eager was was everyone everyone Almost Almost struction. struction.

con- under under projects projects toward toward directed directed

were efforts efforts first first Its Its evident. evident. already already

are results results but but the the years, years, two two for for only only

existence in in been been has has committee committee The The

department. every every in in evident evident

been has has This This work. work. past past of of cal cal their their

criti- more more being being in in others others to to stimulate stimulate

helped has has committee committee the the of of existence existence

mere The The district. district. the the within within program program

educational

proposed proposed use use our our in in tional tional

LOU LOU BAKER BY BY ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS

addi- have have slides slides will will The The study. study. office office

further for for the the by by committee committee used used is is

trips these these from from slides slides of of resulting resulting color color In general, the slopes should be flattened and rounded. The slopes are permanent.The trees will grow anew.The r `~~ "~ '~ slope, however, can be warped to save .~ ~~ a particularly fine specimen or graup ,` ~~ of trees. This philosophy must vary, of :~ air ~ course, with the location, giving full .~;, ,. , consideration to the type and age of the trees. The U.S. Forest Service has t ~~ k .G respect. They been very helpful in this _,.,_,~ .,.,., t in the long-range plan- ~~~,~ are interested .. ~ _ .. ,_ _.._,_ .. , ning program for the forest areas. Cer- ~~ tainly the Forest Service should be brought into the picture in the early stages of a project. End-post extensions on bridge railings fences, and signs. Fill the old cuts and can be eliminated and railings Interception ditches at the top of cut remove the old fills. Then seed the en- faired in6o the ground. should be held to an absolute minimum tire area. This has been done in District since they interrupt the continuity. If 10, and the cost has been surprisingly a ditch must be lined with concrete, small: native soil should be broomed in while it is still wet, or asphaltic emulsion Horizontal and Vertical Curves should be sprayed on for a camouflage. Lengthen them! Seldom do short There is little snore disrupting to the vertical or horizontal curves fit into the scene than a white stripe through the landscape. In rolling country the verti- green belt adjacent to a highway. cal curves should be longer than the tangents between them. This will pra- Remove Old Pavements duce lines that flow rather than jerk. are many places in this state 'There If a curve radius must be short, be where not only does the old pavement sure to lengthen the superelevation show, but also the pavement before the visual that. Even the poor pavements of many transition. This tends to ease years ago leave an almost permanent abruptness of the curve and prevents scar on the countryside. Remove the the unpleasant, warped appearance so old pavement, remove the old culverts, often seen on multilane highways.

nomicaL far far high- at at or or maneuvering. Remember, Remember, parking parking continuity. continuity. reduces reduces

eco-

more more

are are

usually usually

they they and and tain; tain; roadway the the to to width width but but adds adds better better piece short short A A continuity. continuity. add add can can rail rail

main- easier easier to to they they are are

Hydraulically; Hydraulically; looks

not not

It It only only the the

purpose. purpose. serve serve guard- of of piece piece

long long A A

cost. cost.

additional additional

are are superior hit hit a a they they by by car; car; if if age age usually will will grade grade at at section section

widened widened

small

a a

only only

placed placed at at

could could be be section section

dam- less less da da

better; better; they they fit fit slope slope A the the necessary! necessary! where where absolutely absolutely Only Only

long one one where where of of guardrail guardrail sections sections

They flat. flat. are are

slopes slopes where where

to to headwalls headwalls

Benches CuT CuT

short multiple multiple see see we we do do often often

How How

superior far far is is sections sections end end use use flared flared of of view. vada vada

out.

jump jump and and

in in

The pipe. pipe. of of feet feet few few Ne- to to a a Sierra Sierra slope slope have have high high a a as as as as

interesting interesting

is is

don't that that

pavement pavement

of of

Edges Edges

points. points.

the warp warp Don't Don't people, line. line. some some slope slope area, area, the the to to

intercept intercept city's city's a a industrial industrial

angle

small small with with tangents tangents

is is

short short on on

ar ar

to culvert culvert the the view view a a of extend extend used, used, slopes slopes are are Remember, Remember,

these. these. of of of of each each

curves

either either

that that -of line line

-way -way A A

right

flat Where Where visible. visible. where where advantage or or the the Take Take median median historic historic

feature. feature.

esting esting

ground. the the spot spot on on

or or

low low

minor minor high high

in inlets inlets grate grate inter- Use Use an an for for headwalls. headwalls. monotony, monotony, only only the the break break

to to rocks rocks

every

follows follows that that

one one

than than

rather rather

sections end end culvert culvert trees trees of of or Substitute Substitute group group drains. drains. a a

formation, formation, teresting teresting

fence flowing flowing

Asmooth-

construction: construction:

down- all all Bury Bury structures. structures. view, view, in- an an drainage drainage of of

exceptional exceptional

—an —an of of interest

and

design design

highway highway

facet facet

of of

every every

evidence visual visual be be little little There There should should points special special

those those of of Be Be aware aware ever ever

into reaches reaches

continuity continuity of of importance importance

Structures

Drainage Drainage

Features Special Special

The highway: highway: a a of of features features all all in in mum mum

:1. 2 2 tional tional mini- a a to to in in be be continuity. break break the the held held should should abruptness abruptness

conven- the the degree degree than than greater greater far far abrupt an an visual is is pavement pavement the the but but deck deck a a on on black black alignment, alignment, highway highway the the

to to environment environment any any fit fit will will surface surface bridge from white white A A is is eliminated eliminated important. important. be be continuity continuity abruptness abruptness visual visual

fluid curved, curved, A A effort. effort. the the worth worth are are should where area area is is only only types types another another Not Not Pavement Pavement abrupt. abrupt. be be not not should should

however, results, results, The The construct. construct. and and itself impraved. highway highway would would be be the the facility facility greatly greatly in in the the changes changes way way and and

stake to to difficult difficult more more is is slope slope warped warped of high- continuity continuity the the the the both, both, for for Changes Changes along along do do could could becomes. becomes. this this

a is is that that It It true true highways. highways. our our on on seen seen of of type type rail important one one If If rail. rail. the the more more approach approach of of the the speed speed travel, travel, the the

often so so slope slope geometric geometric straight, straight, cise, cise, and higher of of bridge bridge rail rail The The the the continuity. continuity. its its by by coordination coordination together together

pre- the the than than eye eye the the to to pleasing pleasing more more held be be given given to should should be be must must strip, strip, ending ending - most most Consideration Consideration never

far are are flow flow and and warp warp that that Slopes Slopes al- continuous, continuous, a a as as highway, highway, pressed. The The

com- lengths lengths become become all all interchanges ~vay ~vay speeds, speeds, of of Grnding Grnding Contour Contour Confinuity

e,~'ect. smoother smoother much much a a

gives and and more more little little costs costs which which

rail guard guard continuous continuous single, single, use use a a

visually, e,~'ect e,~'ect interrupted interrupted

jagged, created created which which rail rail guard guard of of

sections short short several several than than Rather Rather

~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ t t t t i,~~c,t~~ Dramatic rack formations should be left in place to add interest to the route.

Rock Outcroppings undesirable emotional reaction can be forest or in rural areas unpainted wood If a rock outcropping appears on a eliminated. posts should be used. They do just as slope, work around it. It will probably good a job of holding a sign as a painted Highway Hardware look much more natural. to leave it in one. Not only are they less obtrusive, place than it will to remove it. This In many cases, the highway engineer but they are less expensive. Other hard- own worst enemy! There is lit- is especially true in an area where rock is his ~vare should be painted a soft color to outcroppings already appear in nature. tle beauty in a multiplicity of signs, blend with the background. The backs signals, lighting standards, and guard of all signs should be painted. This Daylight Cufs markers. We should do what we can renders them less distracting, thereby From an aesthetic standpoint, a to subdue or eliminate these facilities. adding to the safety of the highway. through cut should be avoided wher- Keep in mind, the fewer the signs, the Whenever possible, place signs back to everpossible. Athrough cut is not only greater the impact of the remaining back on the same posts. unpleasant from a visual standpoint, but signs. In a forest area, a natural wood it leaves much to be desired from an Guide marker may be the answer. The Right-of-Way Width emotional standpoint. While the claus- wood post will hold the reflector just Experience has shown that seldom trophobic reaction is usually mild, nev- as well as a steel post. Maybe the elimi- are our highways situated on an ade- ertheless, it is an undesirable play on nation of the white paddle is the an- quate width of right-of-~vay. What ap- the emotions of many people. When- swer. The paddle is of little value in pears to be ample during the design ever acut can be widened, the slopes the daylight, and the reflector is all stage seems always too tight after con- flattened, or one side daylighted, this that can be seen at night. Also, kn a struction. Consideration should always

Structures to protect culvert openings are usually not necessary. Piled rocks will do as well in most cases, and are anuch less noticeable.

pat- the the of of study study a a includes includes facet facet of and community community one one is is stages stages design design the the only only planning planning in in than than This This program. program. gap gap

a through through routes routes of of planning planning Our Our early the the stop- a a as as of of the the in in looking looking relative relative freedom freedom for for 10 10 are are District District in in

highway of of the the a a what what we appearance appearance pleasing pleasing illustrate illustrate They They however, however, do, do, combination. optimum optimum

toward accomplished accomplished be be can can examination. i~~ore i~~ore the close close given given provides provides being being that that are are that that a a location location at at highway highway

details ects. few few the the of of a a are are arrive to to instance instance These These only only specific specific each each in in sion sion

of of proj- specific specific planning planning the the lation lation to to stakes. Commis- Highway Highway construction construction all all California California the the by by

re- in in guidelines guidelines aesthetic aesthetic of of of plication plication removal removal the the includes includes This This weighed are are factors factors moved. moved. these these analysis analysis final final

ap- the the on on diverse diverse Opinions Opinions are are re- debris debris valley. valley. all all the and and shaped shaped be be In In values. values. community community should should and and benefits, benefits,

and mountain, mountain, urban, urban, rural, rural, areas — situations All All cake. cake. traffic on on the the frosting frosting costs, costs, between between the the rive rive balance balance a a at at

planning highway highway cover cover all all This This to to is enough enough overlooked. overlooked. ar- is is to to often often necessary necessary it it is is needs needs nately nately tivity tivity local local to to

flexible be be must must They They sarily sarily unfortu- general. general. but but Sensi- project, project, a a on on operations operations citizens. citizens. community community and and sonnel sonnel

neces- are are guidelines guidelines the the area, area, this this In In important per- most most the the of of one one is is This This Highway Highway Planning Planning between between liaison liaison

planning.

highway highway aesthetics aesthetics of of the the to to continuing through through comes comes awareness awareness Clennup Final Final

effort

and and

time time be be devote devote to to able able will will This communities. communities. desires desires the the of of local local

line.

-way -way -of

the the

right

committee

highway highway scenic scenic the the district district the to to attuned attuned been been has has Ou.r Ou.r planning planning

right right build build will will owner owner property property ing ing

shape, takes takes program program As As initial initial this this

beginning. the the at at locations locations adjoin- the the that that Always Always assume assume view. view. a a

Program Future Future

certain rule rule may may out out facilities, facilities, drainage drainage preserve will will -way -way -of right extra extra little little

and grading, grading, planting, planting, contour contour ances, ances, a concerned. all all Often Often zone. zone. buffer buffer a a as as act act should should

clear- slope slope -way -way -of for for by quate quate right accepted accepted most most stood stood and and quickly quickly slope of of toe toe or or cut cut of of top top the the between between

ade- and and medians medians wide wide as as such such underway, way, easily easily most most the the of of area program program tion tion The The outcropping•. outcropping•. trees trees rock rock a a or or

high- a a of of aesthetics aesthetics the the to to por- contribute contribute the the also also is is It It time. time. group group possible possible of shortest shortest a a include include to to desirable desirable often often

will features features which which the the all all of of the in in sideration sideration show show results results that that will will program program is width width -way -way -of right little little additional additional

Con- gone gone before. before. what what has has the of of trolled trolled by by the the It It portion portion 10. 10. however, however, is, is, A necessary. necessary. where where to to planting planting screen screen

con- are are which which stages stages District construction construction planned planned for for program program the the — total total planting especially to to future future ~e ~e given given

more more into into easily. contours contours fitted fitted the the

roadbeds both both and and scale, scale, a a kept kept smaller smaller fills fills be be and and on on can can cuts cuts state, state,

its its in in natural undisturbed undisturbed virtually virtually left left be be can can The The median median aesthetically. aesthetically.

mare mare satisfactory much much is is median median a a wide wide permits, permits, very very Where Where terrain terrain tern of land ownerships to minimize of some historic event or a last link to way is being developed, consideration the creation of small odd-shaped par- a past era dear to the heart of the local is given to the view from the roadway cels that are difficult to use and often community. Although many of us ad- itself and possible roadside vista points detract from the appearance of the sur- mire the shine and glitter of newness, and rest areas for the enjoyment of the roundings. Among other items that are others prefer the patina of time. This traveling public. considered are the boundaries of school may seem somewhat removed from Aesthetic excellence has its birth in districts, locations of public facilities, aesthetics; however, the reactions on the highway planning stage and is often and zoning. The general plan of the one's emotions are just as real, just as inherent in the highway location. In community and outlying unincorpo- strong, as the emotions that come into the following stages of design and con- rated areas is also an essential source play when viewing a beautiful scene. struction, close attention to aesthetic of information in the planning process. In this instance, the emotions are expe- details will ensure a completed product Thus, a thorough knowledge is devel- rienced by the community rather than in which all contributors can take oped of the geography and general the highway user. pride. makeup of the community so that the In rural areas, every effort is made District 10 has produced some nota- highway may be integrated with to achieve compatibility with the area ble examples of aesthetically pleasing the local scene rather than forced through which the highway travels. highways in the past. The district sce- through it. This is of prime importance to both the nic highway committee's efforts will The local community will generally highway user and the highway viewer. contribute to even better results in the direct attention to sites of historic value In rolling ar mountainous areas, a curv- future as it reviews and gives advice early in the planning stage. What may ing alignment can be used effectively on each highway project from the start appear to be a pile of junk or even to conserve existing features of the ter- of planning through the completion of vacant land to a stranger may be a site rain. As the alignment for a new high- construction.

Although it may mean some loss of natural vegetation, the practice of "daylighting" to give travelers an unrestricted view of natural grandeur is highly desirable for adding dramatic values to the highway. V . ate (Editor's note: This credo on high- We have other responsibilities as factors we consider but that we try 2uay aesthetics written by the district employees of the Division of High- to build our highways to fit as nat- engineer of District 5,San Luis Obispo, ways—we must be dedicated to pro- urally into the landscape as possible to his employees in that district's house viding asafe, efficient and economical considering our design standards. If organ, The Revue, is a perfect sup- highway transportation system in a straight line is the most natural, we plencent to the Louis Kroeck article California. These three characteristics will build straight lines. If curves are ~zvhich precedes it. We are fortunate —safety, efficiency and economy—are more natural, we will build long- to hgve it so opportunely to reprint not incompatible with beauty. A safe radius curves. here.) highway—one with wide medians, Our critics say that we destroy nat- good sight distance, long-radius ural beauty without feeling because We are aware of the natural beauty curves, smooth pavement, wide shoul- we. are insensitive to beauty. I say that abounds in the central coast re- ders—can be a beautiful highway. An that we are responsible for removing gion of California—of the ever chang- efficient highway—one with access trees, shrubs and natural growth and ing coastline that varies from rugged control, afreeway—can be a beautiful therefore do "destroy" natural beauty mountains to rolling hills to broad highway. An economical highway— but not because we are insensitive to sandy beaches—of the fertile Salinas one stressing the use of widened cut it. Wherever possible we replace the. Valley ringed by mountains carpeted sections, natural plantings and mini- trees and shrubs removed with new in colors ranging from golden brown mum signing—can be a beautiful ones. I believe we are just as sensitive in late summer to brilliant green in highway. as anyone about beauty because we early spring—of the large unspoiled It is the proper mixture of the four also are people. I feel we are ynoye reaches of San Luis Obispo County ingredients--safety, efficiency, econ- aware of the natural assets of Califor- and the smaller picturesque ranches of omy and beauty—for each particular nia than the average person because the Santa Ynez Valley—of the charm project that requires the maximum in we aye employees of the Division of of the City of Santa Barbara, home skill, knowledge and experience. In Highways. No other organization in of the Queen of the Missions—of the District 5 we have been aware of this California, to my knowledge, public colorful springtime fields of golden for some time and we have some good or private, plants as many trees, shrubs poppy and blue lupine of the Nipomo examples of aesthetic highways to and ground cover plants each year or Mesa and of other areas in our district show for our efforts. A few of these has as extensive a landscape mainte- —of the sturdy oaks and stately euca- include Highway 101 through San nance program as we have. One exam- lyptuses that dot our landscape in any Luis Obispo, north of Buellton, and ple is our recent planting of 17,000 direction we look—of the pines, the through Montecito; Highway 1 be- seedling Monterey pines along High- cypresses, the acacias, Ceanothus spe- tween Cayucos and Cambria and the way 1 through Cambria to replace cies, the oaks and the dozens of other Carmel Hill interchange; and High- several hundred mature trees taken inspiring trees and shrubs of the Mon- way 154, the new San Marcos Pass out during construction. terey Peninsula. Yes, we are aware of project which opens up some magnifi- Our critics say that we use "scare this natural beauty and of how it en- centscenery. tactics" in promoting freeways—that riches our lives, and we are aware Our critics say that we are inter- we quote statistics on lives lost and of our responsibility—as public em- ested only in speed and that we al- injuries sustained in order to scare ployees and as citizens of our state— ways build our highways as short and people into accepting freeways. I say to do our best at conserving this rich therefore as straight as possible. I say that freeways have proven to be the heritage. that user benefits are one of several safest type of highway facility for vehicular trafFic and that we can pre- dict with reasonable accuracy how many lives will be saved and how many injuries prevented by building a freeway. I believe strongly that the one factor of the four previously mentioned that should not be com- promised is safety. We can grow a Monterey pine, a live oak, a redwood tree, a California poppy—we cannot replace a life. As highway engineers we must in my opinion assign greater US 101 through San Luis Obispo, the headquarters of District 5, is one of the most importance—where a compromise is beautifully landscaped sections offreeway in the state. necessary—to a person than to a tree. Right: Scenic'view of Cap°met Bay and highlands behind Carmel as seen from edge Our critics say that we should build of Highway 1. Informal plantings of Monterey Pine and Cyp~°ess 2aere placed by scenic highways, not freeways. I say Division of Highways in early 1980's. that access control—or freeway de- 10 # ~§

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_ _ 't"FY'' r~ ~~✓~R~krys. t-F ~ e..

State Route 1 along edge of Santa Lucia Mountains in Monterey County, better known as Big Sur Country, is first route to be taken into the state scenic highway system.

sign—is the best friend the scenic designs—it is Mr. Womack and you cuts. We can strive to get better-than- highway has. To fulfill the intent of and I who must defend them. Let's not minimum design standards especially the scenic highway concept what hap- be in the position of looking at a mis- for sight distance. We have done well pens outside the right-of-way is take in design after it's built into a job in District 5—we can do better—and I equally or more important than what and say,"We didn't want to do it this say we will do better. we do inside the right-of-way. Access way, but the advisory committee want- The State Highway Engineer sitting control provides everyone involved in ed it." Rather, let us say under such in his Sacramento ofFice saying that we scenic design with a valuable tool. circumstances, "We are responsible, will do better will not make it so—but Our critics say that we have too we will correct it and we will learn by it is an important beginning. The dis- much authority and therefore fail to this mistake." trict engineer standing here before you do what the "public" really wants. I Our critics say that we can do a bet- saying that we will do better will not say that we must be, and I think that ter job of aesthetic design—and I say make it so—but it is an essential ingre- we are, willing to sit down and discuss we can do a better job. On this point dient. The aesthetic training course you our designs with anyone and every- I agree. For example, we can still im- are about to participate in will not one. We must have public acceptance prove upon our contour grading at in- make it so—but it is a step in the right for the highway program. We have a terchanges by better handling of open direction. great deal of experience working with drainage ditches or exposed drainage How then can we do a better job? advisory groups, and we must always pipes and junction boxes. We can re- It will be done by you—by the same be willing to work with them. We duce the number of "things" we stick people who have designed, constructed must also realize that z.ve are respon- in the ground and entirely eliminate the and maintained the greatest highway sible for the design of state highways orange survey markers that stick out system known to man. You will sharp- and be willing to make hard decisions like a sore thumb on scenic highways. en your technical tools, expand your when there is an honest difference of We can insist that bridges are designed creative ability, and I hope generate and us. opinion between our advisors to eliminate the abutments or piers ad- a great deal of enthusiasm for meet- We must listen with openness to the jacent to the shoulders for both beauty ing the challenge of more sophisticated advice and council of others and, highway engineering—highway engi- equally important, accept our respon- and safety. We can design wider me- sibility with courage and conviction. dians, split-level roadways and wider neering that provides the best possible Our critics, our detractors or our ad- rights-of-way when appropriate. We blend of safety, efriciency, economy visor, need not defend our highway can widen cuts and eliminate through and beauty in every job }•ou turn out. 11 ~ ~

~ ■~/ ~~ By Eric P. Grant

i2 Man has finally come to recognize that air is a valuable natural resource. Either we conserve it or, as one emi- nentUCLA meteorologist warns,"Civ- ilization as we know it will disappear within 100 years." The amount of air available to sustain life on earth is com- parable to one coat of varnish on a child's world globe. Today 70 percent of all Americans live on less than 10 percent of the land. Almost everything we do, from cook- ing food to driving an automobile, dirties the air. Or to put it in more personal terms, not one of us would think of dumping his household trash in the middle of the living room.Yet this is exactly what we =~ '- are doing to our atmosphere every day ~ ~~, when we dump the wastes from home, '° ~ industry, and transportation into the skies. Then we turn around and breathe 3 this aerial "garbage." We should really not be surprised in Cali- that we have polluted our air ~... fornia. It would be surprising if we had not. The state grew in the 1930s and 1940s from agricultural economy to a great industrial complex centered in five or six sprawling metropolitan areas. Take the automobile, for instance. We have 11 million in the state using between 18 and 20 million gallons of day. The internal com- gasoline each ,~ ~-..r- — -~-_~-~—.r- 5~~_y,=„mil . ~ ` —. _ _ ^i— ~'~ bustion engine which powers our ve- ~. - hicles is relatively inefficient. We lose .. into the air 10 percent of the total fuel ~_ y”" *1 7 we buy, or nearly 2 million gallons a i~ ~ ~~~ f day. Photo of Santa Ana-Hollywood freeways in Los Angeles, made The irony of the loss is-not only its on a clear day, shows large number of vehicles traveling freeways. smog potential,. but its cost. The loss State now has I1 million registered vehicles, will have i8 million by costs California car owners $666,000 1980. California can have more such clear days when control in urban centers. every day of the year. To that must be systems go on most cars added the cost of the damage done to acid which cause the insidious irrita- We know, of course, about the ter- humans and crops—a staggering figure. tion and plant damage.* rible disasters of Donors,Pennsylvania, Getting rid of auto-created pollution A layer of warm air, stretching over in 1948 and London, England, in 1952 and 1962 when thousands were stricken is an expensive proposition, but actual the Pacific from the Hawaiian Islands, acts as a lid, trapping the pollution- by severe smog and many actually suc- savings can be shown when they are filled cooler air below. This air cannot cumbed. Fortunately, such a tragedy installing control related to the cost of disperse until the temperature inver- has never befallen California. But we systems on motor vehicles. sion is broken or it stays at a fairly know the eye irritation we feel on a In California we have an ideal cli- high altitude. smoggy day. And we know the nause- mate in most places—abund2nt sun- Let us talk for a moment about ous feeling that comes over us when shine, mild breezes, moderate tempera- smog's effect on health. we drive through smog for any length tures. These are mixed blessings. "' Smog consists of unbutnt and partially burnt of time. hydrocarbons along with nitric oxide (NO) It is California's sunshine which from high-comiriession engines. This latter con- The U.S. Public Health Service has stituent is converted by sunlight and six to between air chemically .converts the automobile nitrogen dioxide (NOs), which in turn reacts confirmed the link pollu- with the exhaust or other hydrocarbons foxm- tion and increases in respirator] ail- exhaust materials and other pollutants ing orsanic nitrite compounds. These products of nitric oxide (NO) and unburnt pzomptly extract moisture from the air, form- ments. Emphysema, once an obscure ing smog, which consists of organic ozonides hydrocarbons into organic ozonides (having the characteristic ozone odor and disease, has grown to major propor- more nitric oxide, which starts its insidious which have the characteristic sweetish action all over again. tions. Studies show that women be- Smog control has a twofold action: (1) to ozonelike odors of smog—but it is the reduce the unburnt hydrocarbons in the air tween 18 and 301iving in metropolitan and (2) to eliminate the nitric oxides which inci- nitric. oxide and the resulting nitric cause the bulk of the trouble. areas have a 400 percent greater 13

and and carbon carbon to to water water dioxide. them them

changing cylinder, cylinder, the the from from emerging emerging monoxide monoxide and and carbon carbon of of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons oxidation oxidation

further promotes promotes air air Fresh Fresh valves. valves. exhaust exhaust the the a a to to point point near near air air sends sends fresh fresh that that pump pump

driven abelt- is is of of system system the the Heart Heart control. control. emissions emissions for for exhaust exhaust system system reactor reactor injection injection

air Motors Motors General General the the of of principle principle °ating °ating open the the shows shows schematic schematic cutaway cutaway Phis Phis

EXHAUST

~~~~~ ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE TO TO

►~:s>

SiGiiiS :. :. ::::::::: ::::::::: :: ~- ~~ ~~ :. :.

EXHAUST EXHAUST TREATED TREATED ~~~'::~

~~~

::;: EACH EACH CYLINDER CYLINDER OF OF

PORT HAUS T T E E TO TO X X

...:; ,.. DISTRIBUTION AIR AIR

>:<~~~~

VALVE

?:. >~

. . `~::. T EXHAUS EXHAUS

>:.: .; .; :::.;:.;:.::.

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PUMP ''~ HOSE HOSE AIR AIR DELIVERY DELIVERY

:::::::::AIR ...~:::.:••::.

a -~:-' ~.. ..~- PUMP TO TO

...... = >:::: >::::

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AIR INTAKE FILTER FILTER AIR AIR

25 25

percent

for for account account fumes fumes

These These says APCD APCD Francisco Francisco San San The The waste. waste. 14 in in these these of of Nine Nine and and regulations. regulations.

tube. small small breather breather

a a

through through air air the the

automobile from from is is smog smog area's area's that that rules own own their their with with districts districts

control control

to vented vented fumes fumes of of

repository repository a a

of was was

percent percent that that 90 90 acknowledges acknowledges trict trict pollution air air local local strong strong to to

permit permit state state

crankcase the the

that that

found found engineers engineers

Dis-

Control Control Pollution Pollution Air Air the the geles, geles, first the the is is It It multiplies. multiplies.

problem problem the the

investigation, further further

Upon Upon

problem. problem.

Los Los An- In In

a a year. year. percent percent 5 5 at at grow grow while by by idly idly

is is sitting sitting not not

California California

smog auto auto solve solve the the would would this this to trolled trolled continues continues

population population our our car car as as nia nia

ger."

con- were were gases gases exhaust exhaust only only if if

that that in in

Califor-

pronounced pronounced

more more becomes becomes

dan- present present

and and "clear "clear a a

presents presents air air

believed people people some some Originally Originally

smog

auto created created

of of

The The menace menace polluted that that our our see see can can we we Thus Thus

standards. Department Department climates. other other sunny sunny and and on.

Health to to

emissions emissions and

California California

reduce reduce that that would would in in enjoyed enjoyed as as those those on go go could could recital recital The The chilling chilling

systems control control such certify certify

conditions, conditions, test test

and and to to meteorological meteorological proper proper the the filth filth

air? in in

Board

the Control Control Pollution Pollution

under under

Vehicle Vehicle except except tor tor

smog, smog, tochemical tochemical the of of because because or or

windows windows

linens linens wash wash

Mo- the the pho-

establishing establishing

becomes becomes

1960 1960

by by in in

action action

pollution pollution all all not not lution, lution, house, the the to to clean clean have have

age age housewife housewife

this pol- air air followed followed

to to

lawmakers lawmakers The The

ards. ards. contributes contributes

activity activity human human aver- the the does does

more more frequently frequently much much

stand- every direct direct to to

almost almost Legislature Legislature that that

the the

it it true true

is is quested quested While While How

metal. metal. and and corrode corrode

rot rot rubber rubber

re- Brown Brown G. G. Edmund Edmund

Governor Governor

plague. the the pollution pollution for for sun sun buildings,

peel peel

paint paint from from will will Smog Smog

1959 1959 when in in smog smog auto auto the under under with with

volved volved

else else

everything everything blamed blamed had had

air. smoggy smoggy in in life life

in-

became became California California of of

State State Angelenos

The The

time, time,

that that until until Up Up smog. smog. for struggling struggling and and fruit fruit in in air air filtered filtered

to converted converted

sunlight, sunlight, of of presence presence passes. produced the the fruit fruit between between differences differences

the in in fumes, fumes, it

which which

automobile automobile

through through that that county county proved proved every every in in tion tion illustrate at at ments ments Upland Upland dramatically dramatically

Caltech, at at contamina-

biochemistry biochemistry of of

trail trail its its of of fessor fessor behind behind leaving leaving experi- tree tree Citrus Citrus less less

and and production. production.

pro- -Smit, -Smit, "factory," Haagen

J. J.

smog smog A. A.

little little Dr. Dr.

a a is is 1951 1951 In In example, example, for for growth, slower slower quality, quality, crops, crops, poorer poorer

Angeles, Los Los

to to

Francisco Francisco San San from from vehicles. motor motor of including including destruction destruction cause cause of of smog, smog,

traveling

automobile automobile

million An An 11• 11•

than than statewide. statewide. more more is is our our from from coming coming be- year year in in every every crop crop

damage damage million million

problem the the boundaries, boundaries,

poisons

county county

the the serve serve reducing reducing of of job job unique' unique'

$132

approximately approximately suffers suffers

agriculture agriculture

ob-

not not does does automobile automobile

the the the

Since Since over over

took took 1960, 1960, in in state, state, The The still still California other other losses. losses. are are There There

vehicle.

motor motor the the

with with originates originates waste. domestic domestic and and dustrial dustrial

areas. in in rural rural

problem

area's area's

bay bay

of of

the the 56 56 percent percent stem stem in- to to hard hard working working are are counties counties living those those of of than than lung lung cancer cancer dence dence of total unburned hydrocarbons (raw gasoline), while the exhaust contributes 60-65 percent and all of the carbon monoxide. A small amount also comes from fuel tank and carburetor evaporation. The State MVPCB tackled both the crankcase and exhaust emission problems, but the former offered the greater prospect for simple solution. Automotive men had known for a long time about. a breather tube from the crankcase to the air cleaner used by British car manufacturers and the U.S. Army for years to keep dirt and dust from working their way into the engine and to prevent sludge formation in the crankcase. Adaptation of this system for crankcase fume control, therefore, seemed logical. Approved crankcase devices have been on most new California automobiles since 1961. Many are factory equipped, while thousands of other vehicles have added the devices under state requirements at time of owner- ship change. Today at least 6 million registered California vehicles are thus equipped, preventing the addition of 300,000 gallons of unburned gasoline from entering the atmosphere every day. But the main problem still remains exhaust emissions. The 1966 model vehicles now being sold in California are virtually smog-free.

The Chrysler cleaner air package controls carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions by providing optimum burning conditions in the cylinders.

z ~-% \., /~ tt,~ ~~-----~, O -~~= =- -- 1?'~r --- ,. \~ ---- -, lr II ~I ~ tiJ ~~~~ POSITIVE CONTROL—This "closed" positive crankcase ventilation system is approved I o I~ for installation on both used cars and on new cars. Shown at right is the operation of the system during adverse conditions of ~ ~'~' -`~ high speed or extreme acceleration with a worn 'I engine, when "blowby" tends to exceed --~ the capacity of the original system.

J !

automobile automobile testing testing emission emission at at plant. inspect inspect equipment equipment control, control, pollution pollution Detrcrit Detrcrit vehicle vehicle on on committee committee special special of of

members grouped grouped Collier, Collier, along along center, center, Randolph Randolph in in and and other other Stan Stan with with Christensen, Christensen, Senators Senators Carl Carl State State Pittman, Pittman,

best the the it it hits hits at that that gases gases exhaust exhaust on on the the is is goes goes air air saying saying fresh fresh all without without going going now now 1964, 1964, and and vember vember

The it distributor. distributor. 5 5 and and weekdays, weekdays, some some carburetor carburetor on on the the No- in in at at approved approved o'clock o'clock Package, Package, Air Air Cleaner Cleaner

also also efficiency are are its its to There There question question head. head. will will modifications modifications who who those those was was Chrysler the the certified certified be be to to tem tem

the the are in in there there exhaust exhaust Although Although cylinder each each port port highway highway system. system. sys- company company automobile automobile first first The The

California the the to to to air air peer peer tubes tubes fresh fresh no no is is distribution distribution There There through through

and, and, cost. course, course, of of longevity longevity

of pump pump a a supply supply California. of of a a of of sends sends State State the the which which

noise, noise, heat, heat,

operation, safety, safety, efricient efricient

in of of the the consists It It from from CAP. CAP. to to pollution pollution Chrysler Chrysler aix aix elimination elimination the the

of criteria criteria devices devices meet meet

to to had had

other other

works works different different greatly a a activities activities on on contributed contributed also also It It principle have have

upkeep. upkeep. the of of that, that, stages stages

Not Not

only only

state of of hicle hicle areas areas Other Other pollution. pollution. during during try try peacetime.

various of of

conditions, conditions,

driving driving in in and and

ve- motor motor effective effective controlling controlling of of job job by by undertaken undertaken the the indus- automobile automobile

and and

models, models, variety a a

operating operating

under under

an do do to to have have continue continue will will and and done done the the of of program program crash crash greatest greatest ever

ting ting

500 500

than than

more more makes

different different

vehicles, on on going going the the are are that that devices devices 1966 1966 models. models. the the is is system system The The result

fit- of of

the the of of because because

faced faced

necessity necessity

and Board, Board, Control Control Vehicle Vehicle Pollution Pollution 1965, 1965, July July in in for for time time on installation installation

est est

ever

they they

challenges challenges

technological technological

Motor California California the the of of efforts efforts The The ons, ons, was was the the by by approved approved in MVPCB MVPCB

was was problem problem tough-

The The the the of of

one one

day. every every International International

station station Harvester Harvester wag-

talent.

monoxide carbon carbon of of tons tons 1,200 1,200 and and Ford, Ford, Rambler, Rambler, and and Jeep, Jeep, Kaiser Kaiser

some

research research

their their and and engineering

finest finest

hydrocarbons of of gallons gallons now now 80,000 80,000 by by being being

by by used used

Motors,

General General

of of dollars dollars of of millions millions in

investment investment

air the the of of contamination contamination the the venting venting air air The The reactor reactor

system,

injection injection

control control in in market market the

with with California California

pre- are are California California '66 '66 in in models models on on

CO CO

and and

emissions.

to to

cided cided the the enter enter exhaust the the for for race race

systems -OK'd -OK'd exhaust exhaust state Today, Today,

and and burning burning reduce reduce thus thus hydrocarbon

most most and and manufacturers manufacturers reputable reputable de-

automobile. operating operating

this this at at

vance vance

provide provide to to time time efFicient

of of dozens dozens largest initiative, initiative, America's America's

smoother- himself himself lasting, lasting, - longer a a

provide provide to to the the

ad- spark spark

maximum maximum

everlasting everlasting the the To To of of private credit credit

assuring but but fumes fumes auto auto deadly deadly also also and and erates erates "instructs" "instructs" distributor the the

chemistry. million" million" reduce be be not not will will to to he he helping helping only only car car the the vacuum vacuum decel- manifold manifold when when

tively tively per unknown unknown "parts "parts of of field field recommendation, manufacturer's manufacturer's the the The The retor. retor. the the senses senses valve valve in change change

a a was was This This high high rela- the the into into dive dive follows owner owner car car Actually, Actually, the the if if carbu- the the tween tween distributor distributor the the and and

1.5 1.5 to to volume. monoxide monoxide by by percent percent adjustment. be- mounted mounted - vacuum valve, valve, operated operated

per per parts parts of of million million carbon and and air air carburetor assure assure and and timing timing proper proper special ~ ~ "Heart" "Heart" is is of of system system the the

must must 275 gasoline) gasoline) reduced reduced be be to to to handbook handbook owner's owner's in in turer turer car car the the idling.

they they said said (raw that that hydrocarbons hydrocarbons manufac- the the by by than than is car car the the recommended recommended spark spark vide vide while while retard retard

the the the the of of operation operation Basically systems. systems. more no no but but maintenance, maintenance, pro- to to arranged arranged periodic periodic The The so so is is distributor distributor

its its lished lished standards standards for criteria criteria and and minor some some require require do do adjustment. systems systems lean lean Both Both idle idle the the and and to to set set

Vehicle Vehicle Pollution Pollution pub- Board Board Control Control process. combustion combustion pletes pletes calibration, the the choke choke a a jets, jets, fuel fuel modified modified

in in began began state state 1961 1961 Motor the the when when com- has has and and speeds speeds lean carburetor carburetor oxygen oxygen blaze; blaze; The The celeration. celeration. the the

The The of of the story story by by exhaust exhaust control control smoldering during during a a to to de- is is air air adding adding to to similar similar adjustment adjustment spark spark control control

system percent. the the way, way, to valve valve another another it it put put sensing sensing to to a a or, or, distributor, distributor, and and

manifold, that that 70 area area by by trimmed trimmed be be would would exhaust exhaust the the slightly slightly a a carburetor, carburetor, altered in in "afterburner" "afterburner" modified modified

the the an polluters polluters having having a now now they they in smog smog like like drive, drive, is is consisting consisting of of system system the the spects, spects, system system modification modification

re- '66 '66 a a some some into into model model of instead instead In In tomorrow tomorrow is is an an combustion. combustion. CAP CAP completes completes engine The The Chrysler Chrysler

and 7 7 chamber chamber County's County's residents residents combustion combustion million million step could could the the from from state.

come they they If If as as one one every every Los Los just just of of in in point point sold sold products products Angeles the Chrysler Chrysler 1966 1966 hottest hottest their their Assemblyman Tom Carrell, left, and State Senator Randolph Collier, chairmen of legislative transportation commit- tees, join Governor Brown as he signs key piece of auto smog legislation. Both legislators have pushed highway and smog control measures. means of moving masses of vehicles area and therefore minimizes concen- islation and most effective direction of anywhere in the world. This efficient trated impact on the metropolitan legislative interest in this program moving of traffic has had its beneficial center. ever passed in the United States. effects on air pollution: Certainly the readers of California The strong recognition of the First, the basic premise of freeway Highways are well aware of the mag- health effects of air pollution and the construction is to move traffic rapidly nificent job that has been done to pro- achievement of control expressed in at sustained speeds. We know that vide first-class highways to handle the SB 317 probably, more than any other emissions from a motor vehicle are anticipated increase in vehicle popula- action by the State of California, 20 times higher on deceleration than tion. State Senator Randolph Collier, awakened the federal government to on cruise. It should be very evident, Chairman of the Senate Transporta- the necessity for controlling emissions therefore, that with the increased traf- tion Committee, and Assemblyman from motor vehicles. fic flow resulting from our excellent Tom Carrell, Chairman of the Assem- The cooperative effort developed freeway system, emissions are substan- bly Transportation Committee, have under the administration of Governor tially reduced. been strong supporters of an effective Brown, the Legislature, the Motor Second, one of the premises of freeway system. They have not, how- Vehicle Pollution Control Board, and freeway. construction in California ever, neglected to recognize the im- American industry has resulted in a is to provide a means for traffic to portance of controlling the motor ve- dynamic program on many fronts to circumvent metropolitan areas. This. hicle. Under their able leadership, key protect an important natural resource, prevents motor vehicles from becom- legislation supporting and augmenting air. Although our problem will not be ing involved in congested metropoli- the vehicle emission device control solved in a year or two, we know that tan areas, where smog is most severe. program has been passed by the Cali- air pollution as it existed yesterday Although it doesn't eliminate pollu- f~rnia Legislature. Senator Collier's and as it exists today will not be tion, it spreads it out aver a wider Senate Bill 317 was the strongest leg- present tomorrow.

17 ~,., s ~a ,Miry r f ~r r ~. a ..,..,..,,...,,,,, ~ y ~ ~' '~ ~ ,~ ~ ~.

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. "".ice' ^'.

~..,,y,~~..r+~"„ s.-.. -.'fizz ~~+A~ > ~ .,_

OIL AND WATER are said not to 1 ~ mix, but in the City of Long Beach s they mix very well. - Here, in this rapidly growing ~ metropolis of nearly 400,000 peo- ~, ple, second only to Las Angeles in size in the great urban complex i ~° which spreads across the Los An- gales laasin, oii was the prim { f , ~ `~ ~, 1 .~ moving farce which started the ~~~~. ' ,`' ~ ` ' ' city on its way to prosperity, but its development of its waterfront .t' for +ndustrial, shipping, and recreational use is the factor which is bringing it to the fore among the ~ West Coast's great cities. -• ~,,, = !~,

'_..~'~y.'y" °. " 4r !w~' A' s., -s.+.r -" ~ w +tom ~ "' .. •'ao- ~`• '~~!'7! _ = ~~ ~riw ~ ~+..~w...r.+~+ ~rw +~v Sri!•.~-

h~ 1 ',5 ~.

~ x~ ~ ..~• 'mow

~ ~ Yyt ` u~ ,Re~}~,.

noted, being being was was as as complex complex a harbor harbor the the many many as as of of ing ing River. Los Los groups groups channels channels of of Angeles Angeles area, area, the the harbor harbor

of areas areas certain certain in in subsidence subsidence siderable siderable chang- the the fields. fields. the of of the the In In by by vagaries vagaries earth's earth's centuries centuries the the great great of of in in one one

as as con- early early problem. problem. 1940 1940 As As new new a a the through through created created — shallow shallow estuaries the the surface, beneath beneath pools pools everywhere everywhere

wells wells the the brought millions, millions, but but mudflats mudflats - and of of multi expanse expanse ~,veary ~,veary in in looking looking for for great land land oil oil has has are are wells, wells, the the oil oil

in in a was was the Income Income from from then then wells wells the the was was today today facilities facilities harbor harbor facilities these these through through all all Scattered Scattered

for for port port Beach improvements. -Long -Long Wilmington - Pedro San San coaster. roller roller

city's city's source source money of of best best joint prove prove the the the the by by encompassed encompassed area area The The largest the the world's world's and and pleasure pleasure craft, craft,

were were to fields fields bor bor oil oil land. the the development, development, cargoes cargoes to to their their lightered lightered and and for for small marina marina owned owned municipally municipally

har- stimulated stimulated further further II II shore off off War War World World anchored anchored Ships Ships all. all. at at cilities cilities world's world's largest the the has has it it time time same same

during fa- no no activities activities there there While While were were time time military military them. them. that that At At at at 1900's. 1900's. the U.S., U.S., the the but but modern modern in in most most

over lying lying of of early land land the the the the to to back back much much goes goes port's port's owned owned history history the are are its its shipyard shipyard and and naval naval facilities facilities

city the the and and but but the discovered, discovered, fields fields New New were were of of York, York, the the exception exception port Its Its Los Los complex. complex. Angeles Angeles urban urban

and and Wilmington with the the shore shore in in Long Long nation nation Beach Beach II II any any than than other other sprawling the the in in separate separate entity entity but but a a

off- and and World World richer richer War coastal coastal 1936 1936 since since even even the the Port Port Long Long of of Beach Beach of part part a a city, city, geographically geographically largest largest

the in on on at at Hill, Hill, 1921 1921 spent spent in in Signal Signal the the been been well well first first money money has has More More fifth is is today today California's California's Beach Beach Long Long

in brought brought had had Oil Oil Shell Shell dollars. Although Although a a and and billion billion `half. `half. industries. associated associated

harbor. or or an an one outer outer $100 $100 ton, ton, a a creating creating breakwater, breakwater, of of at at and ued ued average average Plant Plant an an Douglas Douglas ment ment Aircraft Aircraft the the of of

a of of construction construction for for val- S S available available roughly roughly made made year, year, last last 1 1 tons tons develop- million million with with —was —was the the added added ation

were funds funds year year port port federal federal This This also also approximated ously. ously. through through the the element —avi- Cargoes Cargoes fifth fifth a a II II World World By By War War

simultane- five five vessels vessels large large flags. berth berth foreign foreign could could of of half half them them than than bearing bearing and and Navy, Navy, recreation. shipping shipping —oil, —oil,

1930 1930 harbor By By the the more channels. channels. port, port, the the the the ships ships at at from from call call 2,000 2,000 set over over was was city's city's pattern pattern the the modern modern and and

dredgings with with raised raised slowly slowly flats flats Annually, were were 28 28 a a soon. soon. firmed firmed for for more more base as as Long Long use use Beach Beach to to decided decided

mud- and and the the were were with with voted, voted, plans bond bond berths, berths, issues issues Navy deepwater deepwater modern modern the the little little started. started. A A later, later, city city

substantial more more 52 has has which which As As its its passed, passed, is is time time harbor, harbor, business business the the of of modern the the and. and. development development

schooners. Beach's Beach's today today biggest Long Long it, lumber lumber beneath beneath fabulous fabulous riches riches oil oil Possibly Possibly in in with with

were Pier Pier use use 1 1 vessels vessels to to two two the the States. first first be be dome United United great great a a to to was was Hill Hill discovered discovered

times, the the of of shipping shipping the the in in of of largest largest economic economic market market the Typical Typical Signal second second the the that that 1920's 1920's not not was was It It until until

pier. new new the the at at the its its in in ceremonies ceremonies is is the the share share ping ping attend attend and and industry, industry, along along beach. the the

to downtown downtown from from ship- of of marched marched recreation, recreation, usual usual citizens citizens hotels hotels a a of of and and appeared combination combination piers piers number number

jubilant parade parade of of un- long long a a its its to to land. land. of of and Added Added running running dedication dedication short short a a resort, resort, as as some some seaside seaside attention attention

the At At constructed. constructed. is was was city city 1 1 the the skyline, skyline, Pier Pier for for punctuate punctuate the the and and was was enjoying town town growing growing slowly slowly

the the own own for for harbor, city's city's issue. issue. -rise -rise or or bond bond building building high - structures still the the the was was By By 1880's 1880's coast coast clear. clear. the the

$245,000 new modest modest approved approved a a a a Beach Beach Avenue Avenue dozen dozen Ocean Ocean Along Along when tell tell to to boats boats smugglers' smugglers' shown shown

of of 1909 1909 Long the the people people ties. ties. in in and and Then Then Melbourne. Ceylon, Ceylon, be signals signals could could from from which which point point

communi- Angeles Angeles basin basin Los Los for for Japan, serve serve loading loading with with the the as as ships ships wharf wharf got got name name .a its its Signal Signal Hill Hill famous famous

harbor harbor to for for a a demand demand may may growing growing long apart. apart. a a a a be be adjacent adjacent state's state's Directly Directly history, history, the the the of of early early days days

was there there for for the the a a federal federal long long feet only only a a government, government, in in few few row, row, a a in in place place working working for for the contraband contraband landing landing

from came came contributions contributions The The first first seen more more be be or or pumps pumps can can at at dozen dozen time time Beach Beach one one Since Since was Long Long

page). next next (see (see plan plan velopment velopment

de- the the into into shoreline shoreline be be will will incorporated incorporated center center convention convention its its with with Pier Pier Rainbow Rainbow

left. in in far far from from diagonally diagonally River River coming coming Angeles Angeles Los Los and and foreground, foreground, in in opment opment

J J devel- New New Pier Pier of of harbor. harbor. to to city city shows shows relationship relationship Beach Beach of of view view Long Long Aerial Aerial Map above shows plan fog° the city's ultimate development of its waterfront through its Pier J and Shoreline Development Plan (city street pattern has been simplified). and in the ensuing decade the situation Wage, but this is almost exclusively oil, ing built today. Great gantry cranes rapidly worsened. By 1957 an area of carried through pipelines operated by move up and down Pier D loading 16 square miles had subsided from 2 to computers, and is a relatively simple cargo where they are needed. At the 24 feet. So serious was the situation, operation. bulk oil terminal on Pier E, pipelines the Navy was considering closing its Great portions of the port have been two feet in diameter can suck up 32,000 naval shipyard on Terminal Island. built with fill dredged from the chan- barrels of crude oii from the huge Since the yard employed 6,500 people nels,. and places where the ocean waves 'tankers and deliver it to storage areas. with an annual payroll of $30 million, once rolled in unimpeded are now solid A $3 million terminal exclusively for this would have been a serious blow to ground and long stretches of piers. Ex- handling bananas is the only one of its the city's economy. pansion of the harbor by dredging and kind in the U.S., able to take shipments Consulting engineers and geologists filling continues, just as the city con- directly from freighters into its proces- called in to study the problem recom- tinues to automate cargo handling fa- sing shed. Its cranes and conveyor belts mended injection of sea water into the cilities, and provide the most modern can handle 100,000 boxes of bananas subsurface area. In 1953 this plan was equipment for moving freight. per eight-hour shift into storage facili- adopted, with installation of a pilot In Long Beach Harbor today there ties which will take 200 carloads of waterflood plant on Pier B. Subsidence are expensive installations for handling fruit. About 160,000 tons of bananas continued however, and in 1957 the all sorts of dry cargo. Among the port's are `handled each year through this fa- injections were greatly increased. By other claims to fame is its shipment cility, servicing the entire western 1960 a total of 260 million barrels of of iron ore—greatest in the country— third of the U.S. and parts of Canada. water had been forced into the ground, virtually completely automated. One Just to the west of Pier E lies the and the subsidence was checked. company imports induserial salt which Long Beach Naval Shipyard and Naval

Nevertheless, the damage was enor- it stores on the pier in great mountains, Base, now one of the major U.S. ship- mous. In addition to the cost of water and moves with big shovels and con- yards. One Navy crane in use here can injection, subsided areas had to be built veyors. Another has a 24-stories-high lift 425 tons, and the drydocks can up again, and when the work was com- elevator exclusively for the movement handle the largest ships. pleted, the city found it was out of of grain. The structure holds over 2 Piggyback shipment of truck trailers pocket nearly $60 millions. There was, million bushels, which it can load into to East Coast ports is expanding. One however, something of a return for this ships at the rate of 1,300 tons per hour. company, moving half a million tons of work in that the flooding forced more Mile-long freight trains from the Mid- special cargoes annually, operates a oil up which would not have been re- west, loaded with milo and wheat, fleet of ships which carry the .com- covered otherwise. This type of oper- move into position at a hydraulically pany's own trailers, designed to fit

ation is now common in the oil fields. operated unloader which tilts a car snugly into the holds and on deck. Today the city boasts the largest dry every three minutes and dumps its load Frozen foods and perishables requiring cargo port on the West Coast, with a on conveyor belts. refrigeration are picked up at the cus- net operating profit for the port of Pier E is fitted for super vessels—one tomer's door, and delivered without more than $1 million each year, and of the few facilities in the world suit- further Handling on arrival on the East revenues are constantly rising. Ports able for berthing the huge modern Coast. Trailers have their own refrig- such as Richmond handle greater ton- tankers of more than 100,000 tons be- eration which can be connected to 21 Looking east on Ocean Boulevard in vicinity of Atlantic Avenue Intersection, downtown Long Beach. Villa Riviera in distance is old landmark, but other high-rise buildings are new.

Monument has been erected to commemorate Shell Oil Company's Alamitos Number One well, which struck fast oil from Signal Hill field June ~5, 19.21.

Coeds at Long Beach College pose to give scale to one of the pieces of modern sculpture on campus.

22 One of many small craft berthing facilities in Long Beach area.

Long Beach skyline as seen from harbor area.

~~ ~' , ~_ __JC:~

a~ Beaches are long and wide, with apartment ,.. '~ "~.~~ buildings clustered right _ ~ behind. ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ r

developing developing as as the the -south major major north Tour." Tour." This This course course over is is a a marked marked

away away is is the the San San Diego Diego Freeway, Freeway, now tourist tourist attraction attraction its its with with "See -Lane

highway highway network. network. few few a a miles Only Only harbor harbor has has area area developed developed been been a as as

trucks trucks have have access access state's state's the the to to great on on its its image image as as a a sea sea town. town. Even Even the

destinations. destinations. freeway freeway From From this this the The The city city has has continued continued to to improve

ments ments taking taking cargo cargo ship ship to to further beach, beach, and and excellent excellent accommodarions.

the the harbor, harbor, handy handy truck truck for for move- tection tection of of city's city's the the miles miles eight eight of

Beach Beach Long Long The The Freeway Freeway ends ends at this this vein vein include include the the marinas, marinas, fine fine pro-

which which for for are are city city owned. visitors visitors Developments Developments as as possible. possible. in

as as railroads, railroads, three three part part of of the the facilities esting esting and and environment environment pleasant pleasant an an for

companies companies truck truck serve serve the the as as city, city, well Beach's Beach's own own efforts efforts to to as as create create inter-

San San Long Long Pedro Pedro to to Beach Beach Point Point Chicago. Chicago. and and Another Another Fermin Fermin 1,300 distance. in in tourism, tourism, greatly greatly stimulated stimulated by by Long

new new

land land for for harbor harbor development. to to bumper, bumper, the the line line extend extend would would from city's city's The The other other

industry industry big big is

operations operations which which

even even then then

were were

creating

port port year year each each were were lined lined bumper up up

ration ration

names names America America

in in today.

19,26. 19,26.

in in

Pipes Pipes

are are ,for ,for dredging

and and trucks trucks

the the if if all all

which which leave leave

the

plants plants ous ous operated operated by by the the big big ~orpo-

Harbo~~ Harbo~~

as as

area area

seen seen front front Edison Edison

Plant

companies companies service service Long Long Beach Beach Harbor, associated associated industries, industries, as as as as well well numer-

entirely entirely

~ °enovated. harbor harbor area. area. More More 1,000 1,000 than than trucking There There are are dozens dozens of of aircraft aircraft other other

and

structures. structures. beach beach This This

area area

has has been

traffic traffic truck truck which which operates operates of of out out the

when when

operating operating at at full full employment.

beach, beach,

amusement amusement

area, area, old and and

But But

just just this this a a

is is minor minor

portion portion

of of

the Aircraft, Aircraft, las las 30,000 30,000 with with employees

Old Old

photo photo made made

in in 19,2 19,2 bathing shows shows

trailers. Biggest Biggest Long Long Beach Beach payroll payroll is is Doug-

ships ships larger larger carrying carrying half half as as again again many entrance entrance channel.

facilities facilities

the the port port at at and and has has plans plans for bridge bridge which which now now crosses crosses the the harbor

is is pany pany currently currently doubling doubling its its handling obsolete obsolete unsatisfactory unsatisfactory and and pontoon

reduced reduced ly ly shipping shipping The The cost. cost. com- The The lions. lions. new new bridge bridge will will replace replace the

arrive arrive

in in perfect perfect condirion, condirion, with with great- similar similar items, items, will will be be close close to to $20 $20 mil-

Coast Coast

cities cities constantly constantly

hunger. hunger. They turbed turbed facilities, facilities, -of right -way, -way, and

other other

commodities commodities

for for which which the the East ing ing construction, construction, movement movement of of dis-

chemicals, chemicals,

candy, candy, wines, wines, liquors, liquors, and way. way. cost cost Total Total of of the the project, project, includ-

tatoes, tatoes, melons melons

and and shrimp, shrimp, as as well well as direct direct access access to to the the Beach Beach Long Long Free-

citrus citrus concentrates, concentrates,

grapes, grapes, prunes, prunes, po- an an interchange interchange at at the the east east end end giving

Included Included

in in

these these loads loads

frozen are are of of traffic traffic through through

the the _ _ harbor harbor

area; area; .. .. with

- -

-_ -_

maintained.

Island, Island, _ greatly greatly speeding speeding the the movement __

on on board, board,

and and constant constant temperatures connect connect will will Long Long and and Beach Beach Terminal

the the

ship's ship's power power once once the the trailer trailer is Gerald Gerald level level Desmond Desmond Bridge, Bridge, which

tidelands tidelands oil oil money, money, is is the the new new high-

Currently Currently construction, construction, under under with

being being reduced.

local local and and distant distant points points are are constantly

tem tem is is perfected, perfected, times times travel travel both both to

planning planning stage. stage. as as And And the the freeway freeway sys-

freeway freeway further further downtown downtown in in the is is

Signal Signal Hill, Hill, an an additional additional crosstown

of of the the city city to to close close airport airport the the and

ego ego Freeway Freeway crosses crosses the the northern northern part

Beach Beach Airport. Airport. Although Although the the San San Di-

hour, hour, only only S S 1 1 minutes minutes to to Long the the

town town Los Los Angeles Angeles is is now now less less than than an

trucks trucks from from the the harbor harbor area area to to down-

by by in in ships. ships. freeway, freeway, By By travel travel time time for

rapid rapid movement movement of of materials materials coming

which which in in turn turn is is a a great great in in help help the

facilitated facilitated by by the the freeway freeway system,

Truck Truck times times travel travel have have been been much

all all over over the the U.S.

part part of of the the Interstate Interstate System System and and go

of of it it onto onto freeways freeways other other which which are

downtown downtown Los Los Angeles, Angeles, or or branch branch off

Freeway, Freeway, which which can can take take he he either either into

east, east, he he easily easily reaches reaches the the Santa Santa Ana

Valley. Valley. If If driver driver the the desires desires travel to to

the the upper upper at at end end San San of of the the Fernando

cities cities to to join join the the Golden Golden State State Freeway

through through dozens dozens southern southern of of California

North North of of Beach Beach Long Long this this route route travels

coastal coastal in in route route southern southern California. which visitors can drive and see the harbor's main attractions. One of these is the Pacific Landing complex, with restaurant, boat launch- ing, tackle shop, and sportfishing vessels of all sizes. From these facilities the city claims access to the number one sportfishing area in the world. Here too is an airplane terminal with scheduled flights by seaplane to Catalina Is- land. The Long Beach Marina in Alamitos Bay, on the southern edge of the city, is an outstanding achievement with public funds. Here there are berths for more than 2,000 small craft. A part of this marina is the Leeway Sailing Club, with over S00 junior boat- ing enthusiasts who make up its mem- bership. Youngsters 7-18 attend daily classes during the summer and learn good sailing techniques, good seaman- ship, and maintenance of sailing craft. Twice each week there are sailing com- petitions. In the, years since 1932 when the club was founded, it has graduated more than 50,000 youngsters from 31 different nearby cities. Certainly one of the most ambitious projects among western cities is the Pier J and shoreline development plan. With additional fill on the city's side of the Pier J portion of the harbor, the city will create an entirely new marina double the size of the Alamitos Bay Marina, plus motels, restaurants, and yacht club installations. A new bridge will extend Magnolia Avenue to give access. ,~ ." The present Rainbow Pier at the ~~ 4 Civic Auditorium will be eliminated, with extensive fill and pier construc- ' ~ ...ti tion which will provide parking, swim- ming, more motels, restaurants, a visi- A~°rangements have been recently tors' marina, and a number of other completed for private industry attractions, all imaginatively land- to take over Navy Landing for use scaped. Heart of this section will be as center for oceanography study. the Civic Auditorium and the Arena To alleviate parking problem at seating 17,000 people, with 58,000 beaches, city has constructed square feet of exhibitor space. paved parking lots right on beach. Included also in the Pier J plan and its associated features, eventually In canal district of Naples section rep- of Long Beach there resenting a $250 are boat million investment, berthing facilities directly adjacent will be a shoreline drive, additional pier to private homes. facilities and beach developments, and several offshore oil drilling islands. These latter will also be attractively landscaped, so that the drilling machin- ery will be hidden from the view of those on the shore. Long Beach today stands on the threshold of becoming one of the West's most imaginative, water ori- ented cities, rivalling the charm of Italy's Venice and Turkey's Istanbul. 25 ~,s. ,: ~ f _ , _ '~ #yam . M x ~,~k „„~.~ • ~ ~ . r ~ ~~ ""rh*,.K + F ~ f~ ~ 16 r ~ ,~,. ` ~ ~ _—. .. T ,. ,.t.k * ~ • ~ --

~~~~°

~Y -~ ter► F

x r~•~,,

~~. . ~r~~~: By Charles F. Gustafson

Twenty-six miles of single-lane con- However, the problems of paving Night paving began June 13. Every cretepoured at a rate of more than 1 during the day loomed large. week night from 6:30 p.m. to 6 a.m. miles a night and completed in 16 Since the new lane would be directly the lane nearest the median in each di- working nights was the recent accom- against the existing pavement, safety rection was closed: Paving operations plishment on awidening project on the dictated that the inner fast lane of the started about 7 p.m., after the evening Long Beach Freeway in Los Angeles. freeway would have to be closed, fun- traffic peak, and continued to about 3 The job was the first nighttime pav- neling traffic down to two lanes in a.m. They were followed by finishing ing ever tried in District 7 and would each direction and backing up traffic work and application of curing com- have taken at least 3S working days to for the entire length of the job in both pound until 6 a.m. The freeway was complete because of the heavy traffic directions. Also, with normal 9 a.m. to 'then opened to its full six lanes for the using the freeway during the daylight 3 p.m. working hours (lanes could not morning traffic wave. hours. be closed during the morning and eve- The paving was laid by two crews, Working at night not only elimi- ning rushes) little paving would be operating two slipform pavers. One nated interference with heavy daytime completed in any single working day. crew started work at the south end of traffic but also made it passible to Why not pave at night? the con- the project; the second worked north from about have longer continuous working shifts. tractors suggested. There would be lit- the middle of the job. Com- pleting the new northbound Cooler night temperatures slowed tle or no interference with heavy traf- lane, the down the often too rapid initial drying two crews worked back, paving the fic, longer working shifts and cooler rate of the freshly laid concrete and new southbound lane. temperatures—thermometers in Los contributed to final good paving re- The two pavers were supplied by a sults. Angeles can hit 95 and higher in June fleet of over 30 dump trucks working The Long Beach Freeway, sup lanes and July. out of a centrally located batch plant. prior to the widening, carries around But night paving was pretty much The pavers moved forward constantly 120;000 vehicles on an average day. To of an unknown quantity, often consid- at 16 feet per minute. The pavers in- ered but never previously cluded handle this growing traffic load, con- adopted in vibrators, screed and floats so District 7. The difficulties and hazards that the continuous slabs tracts were awarded last December to 8 inches thick were apparent. But not overwhelming, and 12 feet wide were fully completed add two lanes in the median from the said Bich H. Gerald, resident engineer after the machine passed, except for San Diego Freeway north to the Santa for the state on the project. After dis- normal finishing, dragging for texture Ana Freeway interchange—some 13 cussion and review of signing, lighting and the application of curing com- miles. and other safety problems, he agreed. pound.

Dump truck load is dropped in front of 1,2foot slipform paver. Vibrator rods agidate batch, eliminate air pockets in shaking down mix. Finishers, rear, smooth newly poured concrete.

In foreground, finishers follow 1,2foot sltipform paver. Dump truck backs up to deposit batch. Empty truck en route to batch plant. 27 The work of each paver was lighted by a portable unit, diesel-power gen- erated, carrying a bank of six 1,000- watt mercury vapor lights on a 28-foot boom. Finishers' illumination was provided by two 500-watt lights on small rolling stands. Concern over the quality of the finished night paving proved unfounded. The Long Beach Freeway night job proved that a good paving crew with good equipment attains the same high standards day or night. Profilograph (smoothness) readings on the entire job were well within required limits. Night paving paid the extra dividend of virtual freedom from random cracking. Pouring in the cool evening temperatures avoided the usual sequence of daytime heat expansion and subse- quent contraction. Another worry had been possible accidents during pouring operations. Rubbernecking drivers, it was feared, might slow down and be rear-ended. However, there were no injuries, no fatalities during the night operation, not even a tire mark on the wet concrete.

Finishing against existing pavement. Immediately behind paver, inspectors check concrete for grade.

Ten-wheel dump truck deposits load in front of moving slipform paver.

The only major incident directly chargeable to the night job was the blacking out one evening of portions of the Cities of Compton and Long Beach. In moving one of the light tow- ers which illuminated the paving area, the boom snapped an overhead power cable. Freeway traffic was halted only long enough to determine that the broken cable across the lanes was the dead end, rather than the hot line. The resident engineer and his inspectors were on 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. shifts. One of their most important duties was supervising the placing of warning signs for approaching traffic. Three warning signs, each illuminated by two 500-watt floodlights, were placed at 1,000-foot intervals in advance of the operation. Flares, directional arrows and cones then narrowed traffic to two lanes on the near approach to the actual ,~ pouring site. 1_;

>~, ~~x -,. ,_.,% ~,, ~ ~: _,..' <~x f;, .;,'

~°# ✓~'~. - ~ ~,~ ~

111~Miur lurtur.,,,y,q,.. . . .~... ,. f~'~;~

R. Widening of the Long Beach Free- way is being done under two contracts. From the San Diego Freeway north to Bandini Boulevard, a 12-mile portion was awarded to Kasler Corporation and Above: Paving machine operator checks Gordon H. Ball Enterprises for $3,659,- area just ahead of slipform. 283. The second section, about two Below: Slab oj'freshly poured concrete stretches miles long, from Bandini Boulevard to out behind paver in distance. Completed the Santa Ana Freeway, is under con- section at left of excavated median. struction by iVlacDonald &Kruse Inc. on a $2,833,962 award. In addition to the new lanes, the project requires the changing of all drain- agefacilities, widening 12 bridges along the route, and installation of a blocked- out metal beam barrier in the median. Adding to safety and driving convenience is a two-foot glare shield atop the barrier to screen off headlights of on- coming cars. Job completion is scheduled for early lgd7. 29 By Charles F. Gustafson

Above: Valley beauties smile as they detonate dynamite charge. Below: Chumash Indians in authentic costumes put on dazzling display at celebration.

,~„~ ~. ~i ,. t ~ ~. ~~ ~ yen. .4' ~f ~ ~ ,~' ;

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~F"~ ~ R az,~ ` 4w*w~ r '~a' ,~,.< ♦ y, ~ ~ (FK f, .i- .. -~ .a t #r,, ._~., A century ago the Simi Valley was isolated, remote, almost inaccessible. A rocky trail led to the San Fernando Valley to the east. To the west, north and south were hills, high mountains, sandy stretches of virtual desert. Once a day, to serve the scattered ranchos, a branch of the famed But- terfield Stage ran from Santa Barbara through the valley and over Santa Su- sana Pass to a connection with the main line near what is now Pacoima. Today, in the Simi Valley, the hills, the high mountains and the sandy stretches remain. The trail to the east is a two-lane highway which twists over the pass on an alignment selected in 1915. But the last Butterfield stage ran long ago. There are no successors ... no passenger trains, no buses, no form of public transportation. You motorize, if you settle in the Simi now. In 1966, forty thousand people have. And more come all the Blast on ~nountainside signaled beginning time. of celebration (see previous page) ~ ~ ~ The ward Simi is from the Chumash served its rural atmosphere all through and cultural pursuits; in short, for ev- Indian shimijii, said to mean fleecy the 1940's. Population in 1950 barely ery activity which took him beyond white clouds. The Chumash were hunt- exceeded 3,000. the confines of his own half-acre. ers and fishermen who also scratched State sign route 118 threaded Santa Two-lane Route 118 (Los Angeles a few crops into the soil and ranged Susana Pass amid a scenic background Avenue) continued to be the only con- the coast and inland areas south from familiar to all western movie fans. Los tiriuous east-west route through the about present San Luis Obispo. But the Angels Avenue ambled through the valley. In 1965 traffic density on this valley name of Simi is just about all, small settlements of Santa Susana and once quiet roadway showed daily traf- aside from a spectacular array of paint- Simi and west to the coast between fic counts at such typical intersections ings on cave walls high in the moun- walnut and citrus groves, orchards of as Erringer Road in Simi, 22,900; at tains, that remains of this gentle tribe apricots and peaches, fields of tomatoes Kuehner Drive near Santa Susana, 27,- which inhabited the area prior to the and peppers. Sheep and cattle grazed 300; on the other side of the pass at the coming of Spanish soldiers and Fran- on the green hillsides. junction with Route 27, 23,500. ciscanfathers early in the 19th century. ~ ~ ~ But the real bottleneck was the high- In the 1850's the valley was part of a Then,in the late 1950's, the spillover way through Santa Susana Pass. Im- large Spanish rancho owned by the de from the bursting San Fernando Valley proved and widened to provide passing la Guerra y Noriega family of Santa swept through the once quiet pass. By lanes on the upgrade at several points, Barbara. Then the railroad rate wars of 1960, population had reached 8,100. In it followed of necessity the multiple the 1880's brought hundreds of immi- July, 1962, it had leaped past 15,000; switchback alignment established a grants from the eastern United States. in July, 1963, 24,000. In July, 1964, half-century earlier. Precipitous terrain Farmers raised hay and grain, sheep, 33,800. In December of 1965 the pop- permitted only minor improvements in cattle and blooded horses. Orchard ulation of the Simi Valley was esti- its traffic-handling capacity. crops included apples, peaches, pears, inated at well over 40,000! ~ ~ ~ figs, plums, olives, pomegranates. Great In the years 1960-6~, the Simi Valley Of the 15,000 people in the Simi Val- vineyards supplied grapes for- locally was rated the fastest growing section ley who go to work every day, less famous wines. of Ventura County, itself one of the than 1,500 are employed in the valley During and after the rate wars, pros- nation's leading growth areas. In the 12 itself. Most travel to jobs in the pective San settlers of Simi Valley land months preceding July, 1965, popula- Fernando Valley. were carried by stage from the rail line tion jumped 24.7 percent—and this was As the traffic load built up, the re- at San Fernando. The trip over the pass the smallest percentage increase for any sulting twice-a-day congestion on the was described as chair-raising experi- single year since 1960. In five years, the highway and through the pass cost ence, with the screams of terrified lady Simi Valley showed an overall popula- time and money and tempered the en- passengers echoing from the canyon tion increase of about S50 percent, or ticing advantages of the semirural val- walls as the stage drivers, cracking an average 110 percent per year. ley. Even between rush hour periods blacksnake whips, urged their beasts The number of cars on the road conditions were less than ideal. On through the steep and narrow~defile. soared in pace with population figures. weekends, more and more Sirni Valley This tranquil, fertile plain of un- Since the area lacked public facilities, residents tended to stay quietly at spoiled natural beauty, ringed on every all adult needed personal transpor- home, and found that friends and rela- sides by its mountain guardians, pre- tation for work,shopping, recreational tives from "outside" tended less and C~CGlC~~€~iT~L G~LL~~E LICil~A~t~' 31

attracted. attracted.

to to

likely likely Until Until be be

new new

in-

FREEWAY FREEWAY

UNDER UNDER

WAY WAY ! ! ! !

plume plume white white of of into into smoke smoke

the the air.

times, times,

ble ble at at

new new

industry industry all all was was not HOORAY HOORAY ! ! ! ! ! ! SIMI SIMI

VALLEY

mited mited rock rock of of tons tons and and immense an an

lieved lieved and and the the

area area

made made

easily easily accessi-

centerline centerline

of of freeway, freeway, future future the the dyna- west west

project project

limit limit

on on Kuehner Kuehner Drive. cle. cle. Until Until

highway highway congestion congestion

was was re-

the the far far up up hillside hillside

and and directly directly the on on groundbreaking groundbreaking

ceremonies ceremonies

at at the The The

Simi Simi was was caught caught

in in vicious vicious a a cir-

beauty beauty uetonated uetonated queens queens

blast blast which, a a

celebration, celebration,

be be to to climaxed climaxed April April 23 23 at access access

markets markets to to

and and

manpower.

festivities. festivities.

over over the the Three Three Simi Simi Valley completed completed

plans plans

for for

afive -day -day gala

bility bility for for workers workers

and and

goods, goods, ready

mountains mountains

looming looming to to east high high the the the the

In In

Simi, Simi, a a

blue blue ribbon ribbon

committee Modern Modern favor. favor.

industry industry demands demands

mo-

Then Then

eyes eyes all all focused focused intently intently the on on

had had

made made

the the

]ow ]ow

bid bid

$14.5 $14.5 of of million. few few

decisions decisions final final were were made made in in Simi's

tendecl.

Construction Construction

Co. Co.

of of Altadena, Altadena,

which more. more.

They They liked liked what what

they they found. found.

But

support support lot lot

more more a a than than ever ever he he the the in-

contract contract

was was

awarded awarded

to to first

location location teams teams came came to to

and and

learn see see

whimsical whimsical recommendation recommendation may may opened opened gain

on on

the the

job, job,

and and

subsequently

And And

industry industry was was interested. interested.

Plant

twists twists and and indicated indicated turns turns In In that that his late late

March, March,

1966, 1966, bids bids were

merce merce

to to

lure lure

industry.

those those who who twice twice traveled traveled daily daily its

quantities quantities

of of

earth earth and and

rock. hard hard

by by

the the Simi Simi

Valley Valley

Chamber Chamber

of of Com-

residents. residents.

Immediate Immediate loud loud applause applause by

sive sive blasting blasting

and and

the the movement movement vast of of

ties. ties. Avigorous Avigorous

campaign campaign

was was mounted

the the fortitude fortitude

patience patience and and of of the the

valley

construction construction ly, ly,

would would

involve involve

exten-

drained, drained,

abundantly abundantly served served

by by all all utili-

posterity posterity

historical historical as as monument monument a a to

ings ings

the the geological geological on on

structure. structure.

Clear-

the the

west west

end end

of of the the valley

—flat, —flat, well

highway highway

over over

the the preserved preserved pass pass be be for

the the in in pass pass

area area to to

evaluate evaluate earlier earlier

find-

Industrial Industrial

parcels parcels

had had

been been zoned zoned

suggestion suggestion

that that the the present present two -lane

conducted conducted

extensive extensive

drilling drilling operations

close close ize ize to to

home home

their their on on

varied varied skills.

his his

remarks remarks brief brief the the tongue -cheek

-in

the the project. project.

The The Division Division

Highways of of

majority majority

of of valley valley

workers workers

to to capital-

neer, neer,

Division Division of of Highways, Highways,

added added

to rnission rnission

provided provided additional additional

funds funds for

tivities —this —this

would would

enable enable the the

great

Edward Edward

Telford, Telford, T. T. District District

Engi-

cated, cated,

and and

January, January, in in 1966, 1966, the the

com-

tions, tions, and and similar similar technological technological

age age ac-

37th 37th District.

the the pass. pass. About About

$9.5 $9.5 million million

was was allo-

manufacturers, manufacturers,

light light assembly assembly

apera-

and and Assemblyman Assemblyman

Burt Burt Henson Henson

of of the

of of six six lanes lanes of of new new

alignment alignment

through

opment opment

enterprises, enterprises,

technical technical

product

Weingand Weingand

of of Santa Santa Barbara Barbara

County,

budget budget included included

the the

initial initial construction

late late

locally locally based based

research research

and and

devel-

of of

Ventura Ventura County, County,

Senator Senator

Alvin

1965 The The -66 -66

fiscal fiscal

year year highway

practical practical

solution. solution.

If If

they they could could stimu-

cluded cluded

Senator Senator

Robert Robert

J. J. Lagomarsino

in in 1961.

dustrial dustrial

base base

for for the the

valley valley

was was the

Other Other

speakers speakers

of of

the the

morning morning

in-

design design

plans plans for for this this section section

had had

begun Simi's Simi's

unparalleled unparalleled

growth, growth, a a sound sound in-

accepted, accepted,

on on

the the

spot.

key key

to to entire entire

the the Preliminary route. route.

gies gies

had had contributed contributed

mightily mightily

to to the

1968. 1968.

The The

invitation invitation

was was

extended, extended,

and

Anderson,

Santa Santa

Susana Susana

Pass Pass was was

the To To

the the

men men whose whose

vision vision

and and ener-

vited vited to to

the the

dedication dedication

ceremonies ceremonies

makers makers since since the the days days

Bronco Bronco of of

Billy roadways roadways

threatened threatened

total total

immobility.

ended ended

with with

the the request request

that that

he he be be in-

tastic tastic rock rock

formations formations

dear dear

movie- to to peaked. peaked.

More More

people people

on on the the

present

cance cance

to to

the the

people people

of of

the the

valley; valley; and

through through

uptilted uptilted terrain terrain

and and the the

commuting commuting fan-

economy economy

had had seemingly

the the in in years years

ahead; ahead;

its its

economic economic

signifi-

With With its its narrow narrow

road road

winding agricultural agricultural

base base

of of

the the

past. past. Now, Now, a

preserved preserved

and and

in in time time

and and

money money

saved

(Route (Route Freeway Freeway 210) 210)

near near Sunland.

There There

could could be be

no no return return

to to

the

value value of of

the the

coming coming

freeway freeway

in in lives

its its to to eastern eastern terminus terminus

Foothill outside outside at at the the

the the mountain mountain

ring.

morning's morning's

events. events.

He He

recounted recounted

the

of of the the Fernando Fernando San San

Valley Valley musical musical on on way and and its its

other other

entertainment entertainment

events

preceded preceded

and and

now now

found found

focus focus in in

the

the the adopted adopted route route

fans fans hugged hugged

the the foothills traveled traveled

from from

the the valley valley

to~ to~

sports,

viewed viewed the the

chain chain

of of

events events

which which

had Saticoy Saticoy

to to the the

Santa Santa Susana Susana

Weekday Weekday

Pass Pass area,

evenings evenings

only only the the

hardiest

ernor ernor

Edmund Edmund G. G.

Brown. Brown.

Erreca Erreca

re-

paralleling paralleling

Los Los Angeles Angeles less less

Avenue Avenue to to

from

make make the the

drive drive to to

visit visit

them.

Works Works

John John

Erreca, Erreca,

representing representing Gov- cluding cluding in in

December, December, 1964. 1964. Generally

monies, monies,

introduced introduced

Director Director

of of Public Commission Commission a a in in

series series of of actions actions

con-

County County

Supervisor Supervisor

and and

master master of of cere- adopted adopted by by

the the California California

Highway

Johri Johri C. C.

Montgomery, Montgomery,

Ventura and and Los Los Angeles Angeles

Counties, Counties,

had had

been

into into the the

valley valley

in in the the

1850's.

stretching stretching for for 53 53

over over miles miles

Ventura in in

carried carried

an an

early early

settler's settler's

worldly worldly goods The The route route of of ,Simi ,Simi the the

Valley Valley Freeway,

Conestoga Conestoga

wagon wagon

which which

had had in in fact of of Highways Highways building building

in in Los Los

Angeles.

escorted escorted

the the

dignitaries, dignitaries,

arriving arriving were were in in a already already

well well along along in in the the Division

Ventura Ventura

County County

Independent Independent

Riders But But plans plans to to

improve improve

the the

situation

Old Old

West. West. Then Then the the color color guard guard of of the

symbol symbol

of of the the valley's valley's link link with with portions. the

worthy worthy

of of

the the

goriest goriest

TV TV

western, western, which which a

could could

build build

up up to to alarming alarming

pro-

tle tle

by by

the the

Simi Simi

Valley Valley

Gunfighters of of moving moving

away. away. It It

was was a a situation

The The

program program

opened opened

with with a a

gun gun people people bat- found found traffic traffic intolerable, intolerable,

talked

West West

gunfighters, gunfighters,

horsemen.

A A small small but but disquieting disquieting

number number

of of

Sioux Sioux

and and Blackfoot Blackfoot Indians, Indians, ing ing Old to to work work outside.

visitors visitors

mingled mingled

with with ,colorful ,colorful

groups would would be be congested congested with with

people people

driv-

hundreds hundreds

of of

Simi Simi

Valley Valley residents residents

and dustry dustry created created new new local local

jobs, jobs,

roads

meadows meadows alongside alongside Kuehner Kuehner Drive,

warm warm

and and clear. clear.

In In the the lush lush green Wagon.

Saturday Saturday

morning, morning, 23, 23, April April was guests guests arrived arrived Conestoga by by

lapel lapel pins, pins, blossomed blossomed also also present. present. on on Left Left all all sides. lower: lower: Honored

billboards, billboards, County County Independent Independent posters, posters, Riders Riders was bumper bumper stickers,

Left: Left:

Color Color guard guard of of Ventura the the actual actual groundbreaking. groundbreaking. Flags, Flags, banners,

throughout throughout the the Simi Simi days days before before the

The The triumphant triumphant message message blazed After the booming report echoed Crossing. the mountains, the new economic future of the communities of down the lovely valley, war and hunt- freeway marches up a 3.6-percent Santa Susana and Simi (possibly then ing dances by the Many Trails Club grade to reach its highest elevation at united into a single incorporated area) representing 30 Indian tribes continued 1,568 feet virtually on the Ventura-Los has long been discussed and eagerly an- through the morning. The visiting dig- Angeles county line. A short distance ticipated in every circle. nitaries once again seated themselves in west, near the point where an access Simi Valley leaders are well prepared the jouncing Conestoga wagon and set road to existing Los Angeles Avenue to meet the challenges inherent in eco- off for the invitational luncheon which soars 30 feet overhead,the six-lane free- nomic expansion. Time and again in the ended the groundbreaking ceremonies. way begins its descent on a 5-percent past decade they have planned and suc- But throughout the Simi Valley it- grade to the Keuhner Drive project cessfully executed the programs which self the "Open Door to Opportunity" limit. have met the realities of a truly fantas- celebration never faltered fora mo- In the Ventura County "hard rock" tic growth. ~~ ment. Carnivals, rodeos, community terrain, even the new and powerful A population of 85,000 in 1970, and dances, moonlight trail rides and bar- single-shank rippers on the job cannot approaching 200,000 in 1985, is the becues; flower shows, hobby and crafts cope with the rock density. So~, day conservative forecast of demographers fairs, outdoor art exhibitions—all were after day, the jagged hills which once speaking from the basis of today's 40,- part of the tumultuous gala which en- echoed only to the soft tread and 000-plus population. Growth -like that thusiastically welcomed the advent of twanging bow of the Chumash hunter means homes for thousands of new the long-awaited Simi Valley Freeway. now resound to the deafening chatter young families. ~ ~ ~ New residential devel- of 3-inch holes being air-drilled to a opments. New shopping centers. New To achieve present-day standards in depth of 15 feet, followed by over- and expanded educational, cultural, and its leap across ,the mountaintops, the night blasting. recreational facilities. And, above all, Simi Valley Freeway has of necessity Near Keuhner Drive, scrapers climb to make it economically feasible, new abandoned altogether the 1915 align- 32-percent grades and descend them industry. ment through Santa Susana Pass. The again to~ deposit fill hundreds of feet Simi Valley in its remarkable 15-year result is one of the largest projects the below the loading area. Dragging their growth from 3,000 to over 40,000 peo- Division of Highways has undertaken pans down the steep slopes, the huge ple has attracted a young population. in Ventura County. Earthmoving sta- scrapers are enveloped in clouds of Currently 70 percent of the residents tistics are impressive: Excavation of dust and the white smoke of metal bit- are under 35. One-third of the popula- snore than 8.5 million cubic yards of ing deep into hard rock. tion goes to school. Over 30 percent earth for roadway (some rippable, Building the Simi Valley Freeway's are under 10, only 3 percent dyer 50. much requiring blasting). Over 34,000 next section west from Kuehner Drive These young families, 4.3 persons per cubic ,yards for structure excavation. —through level terrain to Tapo Can- home, average an annual income of The compacting of 108,200 square yon Road in .Santa Susana—is expected $8,100. It is expected that young and yards of original soil. to be funded in the 1967-68 fiscal year Growing families like these will make To withstand the crushing weight of budget. Completion is planned for late the major contribution to the valley's fills ranging up to 220 feet in depth, re- 1968 to coincide with the opening to growth in the next two decades. info~rced concrete drainage structures traffic of the initial project through All concerned agree that new indus- of special high -arch design are being the mountains. The next extension of try must furnish the sinews to support built. In some areas, the unique rock Route 118 will be to First Street in the Simi's rosy future. What does the strata require a 3-to-1 slope. The right- Simi. of-way at its widest point is 1,100 feet Meanwhile, to relieve valley internal from top of cut to top of cut. congestion, Los Angeles Avenue is be- This initial project to conquer the ing widened from two to four lanes rugged and picturesque Santa Susana from Smith Road, near the east ascent Mountains is on schedule for opening of the pass, to Tapo Street in Santa to traffic late in 1968. Immediate con- Susana, 3.3 miles. Similar widening of struction includes 1 %2 miles of four- a five-mile stretch between Tapo Street lane highway on Santa Susana Avenue and Tierra Rejada Road is scheduled north from Devonshire Street, as an ex- for completion in mid-1967. tension of Route 27 (Topanga Canyon An alternate route from the Simi Boulevard). This work, to relieve traf- to the Conejo Valley and Route 101 fic congestion on the existing two-lane (Ventura) Freeway will also be open roadway, will be completed by the end to traffic in the late fall of 1966. of 1966, joining This the present pass road federal aid secondary highway project just south of its "S" curve over the will extend Olsen Road from the vi- Southern Pacific rail tunnel. Subse- cinity of Thousand Oaks to quently, this the Simi extension will climb an Valley's Madera Road. Traversing 8-percent grade to an elevation of 1,232 presently inaccessible country, Olsen feet at the interchange of Route 27 and Road's scenic attractions will the Simi Valley rival (Route 118) Freeway. those of the spectacular Director of Public Works Construction Santa Susana also covers grading work Pass country. John Erreca represented for 0.7 mile at the east end of Governor Edmund G. Brown the proj- The Simi Valley Freeway will carry ect to a point north of Variel at groundbreaking ceremonies. Avenue its first traffic through Santa Susana to "balance out" the project. Pass in late 1968. But its impact on the 33

schools schools high high enrolling enrolling junior junior 3,000, 3,000, a

schools schools enrolling enrolling 10,000 10,000 children, children, three

five five includes includes It It years. years. elementary 16 16

creased creased over over percent percent 500 500 the the in in past

enrollment enrollment serves serves which which an an has has in-

and and ern ern efficient efficient public public school school system

practiced practiced are are present present hands. hands. The The mod-

too. too. Here, Here, Simi Simi Valley Valley leaders school school

educational educational facilities facilities So So expand, must must

ters.

the the summers, summers, cool, cool, clear clear mild mild the the win-

influx influx new new of of residents, residents, eager eager to to share

bright bright opportunities opportunities will will be be steady a a

ployment ployment the the in in valley. valley. Seeking Seeking these

provide provide will will

the the major major

sources sources of of em- began began to to expand expand notably notably toward toward each

operations operations sembly sembly

similar similar and and

activities originally originally about about four four miles miles apart apart

and

and and

technical technical manufacturing, manufacturing,

light light as- Because Because Santa Santa Susana Susana and and

Simi Simi were

development development

laboratories, laboratories,

engineering present present proposed proposed and and shopping shopping centers.

By By

the the mid- research research

1980's, 1980's,

and future future residents residents is is best best illustrated illustrated

by by

its

sources. River River

plan plan for for multiple multiple the the daily daily needs needs of of

its

replace replace mately mately the the

present present

Colorado Perhaps Perhaps the the scope scope of of valley valley ability ability

River River water water supplement supplement will will and and ulti- lentfor lentfor many many years.

for for firefighting firefighting

requirements. requirements.

Feather services services in in the the valley valley have have

been been excel-

suresadequate suresadequate

all all for for peak peak

demands demands and ity ity when when needed. needed. Medical Medical

and and

dental

of of good good water water under under

gravity gravity flow flow pres- aters, aters, are are expandable expandable to to

150 -bed -bed capac-

carry carry

across across

valley valley the the an an

ample ample supply cilities, cilities, including including several several operating operating

the-

Metropolitan Metropolitan

water water district district

pipelines the the valley. valley. The The complete complete

modern modern fa-

derground.

cently cently completed completed at at the the north north

end end

ment, ment,

with with almost almost

installations installations all all

un- Hospital Hospital of of -bed -bed 50 capacity capacity

was was re-

service service includes includes

ultramodern ultramodern equip- The The new new Simi Simi Valley Valley

Community

and and natural natural gas gas service. service. Telephone faiths.

application application

requiring requiring electric electric

power about about churches, churches, 40 40 representing representing

all

have have

facilities facilities

to to handle handle

any any industrial tions tions are are active active in in the the valley. valley. There There

are

Investor

-owned -owned utility utility companies and and social social groups, groups, and and other other

organiza-

valley.

Nearly Nearly 100 100 service service clubs, clubs,

fraternal

Canyon Canyon Road Road in in the the east east end end of of the veloped veloped parks.

future future

freeway freeway

interchange interchange

with with Tapo and and Recreation Recreation District District

for for 13 13

fully fully

de-

zoned zoned

in in the the

Santa Santa

Susana Susana

area, area, near near the been been set set aside aside by by the the Simi Simi

Valley Valley

Park

truck truck lines lines

a a on on

daily daily basis, basis, have have been

recreational recreational facilities. facilities. Park Park

land land

has

75 75

acres, acres,

also also

well well served served

rail rail by by and care care has has been been taken taken to to

provide provide ample

sion. sion.

Several Several

industrial industrial

parcels, parcels, totaling In In its its residential residential area area

development,

90 90 acres acres

reserved reserved are are for for later later expan- about about is is 35 35 miles miles distant.

(Route (Route

101) 101)

Freeway. Freeway.

An An additional Junior Junior College, College, in in the the City City

of of Ventura,

to to Thousand Thousand

Oaks Oaks

and and the the Ventura fully fully accredited accredited institution. institution.

Ventura

Madera Madera

Road, Road,

the the connection connection

south fornia fornia Lutheran Lutheran College, College,

afour -year

junction junction

with with First First

Street Street

and and with Nearby, Nearby, in in Thousand Thousand

Oaks, Oaks,

is is

Cali-

and and the the Simi Simi Valley Valley Freeway's Freeway's future pated pated by by 1970.

jacent jacent

to to

the the Southern Southern

Pacific Pacific

main main line proximately proximately 10,000 10,000 students students

is is

antici-

parcels parcels

range range

from from

165 165

to to 2 2 acres, acres, ad- daytime daytime and and evening evening

enrollment enrollment

of of ap-

have have

been been

zoned zoned

for for industrial industrial

use. use. The 000, 000, will will serve serve about about 2,000 2,000

students. students.

400 400 acres acres

of of

flat flat and and

well- drained drained land constructed constructed at at a a cost cost of of

about about

$8,000,

In In

the the western western

end end

of of the the valley, valley, over 134 -acre -acre site. site. The The initial initial six six

buildings,

markets.

County, County,

it it

is is now now erected erected

being being

a on on

stores, stores, major major

food food

markets, markets, other other retail

quick quick

access access

it it

offers offers

jet to to

-near -near world

The The

second second junior junior

college college Ventura in in

development development

will will

department include include

geles geles

International International

Airport Airport

and and

the

hold hold its its first first

classes classes September September in in

1967.

ulation ulation

and and

demand demand

arise. arise. typical A A

San San

Francisco), Francisco),

35 35

miles miles from from

Los Los

An-

park park Junior Junior

College College scheduled scheduled

is is

ready ready

to to be be

advanced advanced

quickly quickly as as

pop-

deep deep

sea sea

port port

between between Los Los Angeles Angeles

and A A few few

miles miles

west west of of

Simi, Simi, Moor-

the the

for for construction construction

in in the the

but early early 1970's 1970's

miles miles from from Port Port Hueneme Hueneme

(the (the only

them them

are are ready.

are are on on

the the drawing drawing scheduled board, board,

sites sites 40 40 miles miles

from from Los Los

Angeles, Angeles,

30 by by

1969. 1969.

The The plans plans accommodate to to

Plans Plans

for for additional additional

shopping shopping centers

similarly similarly skilled skilled

personnel. personnel.

And And plant

expected expected

to to

increase increase to to

least least at at 25,000

ments ments now now

total total

nearly nearly

800.

scientists, scientists,

engineers, engineers,

technicians, technicians,

and

The The

total total of of 15,000 15,000 daytime daytime

students students

is the the area. area.

Retail Retail

and and

establish- service service

Then, Then, an an

extensive extensive

and and eager eager

pool pool

each each week week throughout throughout the the

school school

year.

varying varying size size

are are

scattered scattered throughout

politan politan

area, area, America's America's

No. No.

2 2 market.

program program

is is

maintained maintained

five five evenings

Rather, Rather,

many many

shopping shopping

districts districts of

the the Los Los Angeles

-Long -Long

Beach Beach

metro-

excellent excellent

and and complete complete

adult adult education

na na is is single single

"central" "central"

shopping shopping district.

valley valley

offer? offer?

First, First,

close close

proximity proximity

senior senior

high high school school enrolling enrolling 2,000. 2,000. An other other only only in in the the past. past. five five there years, years, stores, professional and civic adminis- retaining so far as possible the open To the mother whose school-age tration offices, theaters, motor hotels, rural atmosphere which, it is hoped, children walk quiet streets freed from restaurants and banking facilities. will continue to be characteristic of fast through traffic; to the worker who Strategically located regional "vil- the valley. finds the job precious minutes nearer; lage centers" on 60- to 100-acre sites "When the freeway comes ..." to the shopper who again parks close will prove major attractions for the The Simi Valley Freeway is an im- to favorite neighborhood stores; to the combined populations of Simi and portant segment of a nationwide high- homeowner who sees his property in- Santa Susana, nearby Moorpark, and way system which provides speed, creased in value; these are the benefits the Conejo and Santa Clara River Val- safety, convenience and economic ad- which loom large because leys. they are vantage inmoving masses of people and daily, and personal. And perhaps it is Planned projections of smaller neigh- goods. But, to the individual citizen, in these terms that the meaning of its borhood centers include drug and spe- "when the freeway comes" has its own new freeway to~ the Simi Valley cialty shops on will two- to five-acre sites, special significance: best be expressed.

Above: One of the new high schools recently built in the valley. Note housing tract in distance. Left: Aerial view at foot of Tapo Canyon looking north, neap° west end of Santa Susana, shows transition area between housing and agriculture.

Construction work for new f~°eeway will pass close to old route. Note string of tra,~c on old road held up by small car laboring up grade.

Football tea~~a burns out for fall practice at Simi Valley High School.

unoccupied unoccupied

otherwise otherwise

sent sent Brown Brown men ornery ornery plant plant that that requires requires its its own own type long long process process takes takes place.

regular regular impossible, work work

was was when when terms terms the the yellow yellow

lupine lupine "temperamental a a to to keep keep soil soil the the from from eroding eroding while while the

department. department. weather, In In his his help help wet wet in in

After After

this this all all experience, experience, Brown Brown of of still nitrogen nitrogen attracts attracts enough enough plant plant life

occasional highways highways Brown's Brown's career, career,

found found he he

work. pine pine a a is is lengthy lengthy one, one, but but the the addition

maintenance maintenance

with with long three three work work his his months months during during

of of

the the

year; year; these, these, too, too, are sandy, sandy, barren barren to to soil soil cover cover a a of of fir fir and

involved

blaze blaze lupine lupine

make make Always Always the the of of grow. grow. color color

motorists motorists to to almast for for to to the the enhanced enhanced The The sail. sail. cycle cycle from

of of

scattered scattered Brown Brown how how time, time, In In to did did learn learn

lupine lupine

plantings plantings provide provide a thus) thus) and and even even forest forest cover cover can can adapt

in in Mendocino Mendocino done.

County, County,

another another 10 10 miles woody woody plants plants (Baccharis (Baccharis and and Ceano-

nificent nificent demonstrated demonstrated

pany pany could could Trinidad Trinidad had had that that be it it

Head. Head. On On Route Route 1, aphids aphids or or root root grub; grub; grasses, grasses, native

unusually unusually com- lumber lumber efforts efforts lupine. lupine.

spectacular spectacular with with The The

frame frame

for for mag- After After lupine lupine succumbs succumbs to to foes foes

reka. reka.

persisted persisted

contrast, contrast, the the In In Brown Brown

his In In in in

summer, summer, they they make make it it an is is possible possible for for other other plants plants to to grow.

roadsides roadsides

France. US US of of

101 101 in in

and and around around Eu- in in the the soil. soil. Once Once the the nitrogen nitrogen is is

there,

3 3 about about S S

planting planting grass grass miles miles imported imported

from bent bent yellow yellow sea sea of of

lupine lupine line line posit posit the atremendous atremendous amount amount of of nitrogen

Today, Today,

due due the the bound bound dunes dunes drifting drifting to to from from Brown's Brown's

perseverance, because, because, as as legumes, legumes, lupine lupine roots roots

de-

shoulders.

with with

success, success, no no

held held they they and finally finally from from ideal, ideal, there there are are certain certain advantages

WPA WPA

crew crew Gate Gate

had had Park. Park. After After staff staff and and his his met he he widened widened

the the road's to to brown brown stubble. stubble. Although Although this this is is

far

Route Route

formed formed in in 101 101 the the the the western western

edge edge Golden early early

o~f o~f thirties thirties after after sometimes sometimes a attack attack and and reduce reduce the the plants

spikes spikes

flowers, flowers, of of down down moving moving mass mass the the sand sand first first of of that

appeared appeared may may on have have other other problems. problems.

Aphids

plants, plants,

with with McLaren McLaren

their their tried tried lupine lupine use use to to rie identifying identifying to to

yellow Even Even when when lupine lupine is is established, established, it

eral eral "stands" "stands" mental mental of of plant. yellow yellow lupine. lupine. per per The pound.

ment, ment,

Brown Brown

had had managed managed same same the the trouble trouble

with with tempera- the the to to

establish establish sev- mixtures mixtures a a at at retail retail price price of of $25 $25

$35 to to

of of

official official Superintendent Superintendent

administrative administrative Francisco Francisco of of San San Parks,

enco~urage- cial cial seed seed suppliers suppliers offer offer erosion erosion

control

sors. sors.

Without Without however, however, any any because because McLaren, McLaren, money money noted John John

or or the the spur ture. ture. By By way way of of comparison, comparison,

commer-

only only

tacit tacit precedent precedent approval approval had had He He

in in from from first first failures, his his

his his of of supervi- seed, seed, as as abundantly abundantly supplied supplied

na- by by

ceed ceed

was was

entirely entirely obliging.

personal; personal;

h~ h~ four four had to to five five dollars dollars to to gather gather a a pound

Brown's Brown's

hankering hankering sand - without

to to -soil, -soil,

was was not not always see see

lupine lupine erations erations suc- are are not not expensive. expensive.

It It costs costs from

tablished.

like like

everything everything

introduced introduced else else this to to

The The seed seed collecting collecting and and

planting planting

op-

helped helped

considerably considerably

with with admitted admitted in in many many failures. failures.

Lupine, getting getting it it es- ing ing and and planting planting of of these these

seeds.

intensely intensely

interested interested spare spare

time, time, the the in in he he experimenting,

began began lupine lupine

nance nance and budget budget to to allow allow

for for the the gather-

Brown's Brown's

supervision), supervision), leling leling

railway railway the the

also also to to the the east? east?

In In his became erosion erosion control control funds funds

in in

the the

mainte-

and and both both

~~ ~~ whom whom

pine pine stabilize stabilize

worked worked highway highway the the

slopes slopes under under paral-

Mr. ing ing was was recognized recognized by by the the

inclusion inclusion

highway highway

tree tree

maintenance maintenance Why, Why,

Brown Brown

reasoned, reasoned, couldn't couldn't

foremen, lu- light. light. Three Three years years ago, ago,

his his lupine lupine

plant-

and and

later later Mr. Mr.

Frank Frank breeze.

Coleman Coleman

(both brought brought Brown's Brown's efforts efforts

into into

the the

lime-

Mr. Mr.

B: B: A. A. Hemenway Hemenway

forces forces of of

the the ever blowing blowing originally, - staunch staunch

sea others others who who saw saw the the colorful colorful slopes

obviously obviously nation. fended fended

off off the the destructive

But But comment comment from from travelers travelers

and

ground ground when when conditions conditions without without much much were were right right tending, tending, for for germi- and and it grow."

seemed seemed sent sent he he

them them

back back grow grow

to to sow sow well well

the the to to in in

seeds

the the

sandy planting planting xl~e xl~e ~~ ~~ proper proper time, time, it it

may may not

of out out -way -way

to to

gather gather here here since since lupine lupine

the the seedpods. seedpods. late late

Later, 1800s; 1800s;

it of of soil soil }~~ }~~ ar~c~ ar~c~ pwn pwn climate. climate. Even Even

with

Yellow Yellow lupine lupine had had graced graced the the right-

between between Crannell Crannell and and Samoa.

railroad railroad that that once once ran ran along along the the beach

on on by by the the Marcia Marcia right -way -way -af J. J. for for Mickelsen the the logging

shifting shifting sand sand slopes slopes that that were were located

Georgia - Pacific) Pacific) in in tying tying down down the

Hammond Hammond Lumber Lumber Company Company (now

he he noted noted the the earlier earlier success success of of the

bushy bushy plant plant for for erosion erosion control control when

He He became became interested interested in in using using the

30 30 years.

stretches stretches of of roadside roadside near near Eureka Eureka for

lupine lupine grow grow on on the the sandy, sandy, barren

Brown Brown has has been been working working at at making

pine, pine, not not apple apple trees.

frequented frequented are are sprouting sprouting yellow yellow lu-

only only difference difference is is that that the the roadsides roadsides he

Johnny Johnny Appleseed Appleseed of of the the north." north." The

has has been been informally informally dubbed dubbed "our "our own

superintendent superintendent in in District District 1, 1, Eureka,

John John Brown, Brown, Sr., Sr., the the senior senior highway Photograph of Johnny Lupineseed is framed by Lupines arboreus, or yellow tree lupine, botanically described as a shrubby perenntial,four to eight feet high. A beautificl plant with rather light green foliage and rich sulfur yellow, fragrant flowers. At left, is photo of Brown's hands holding quantity of seeds. Below is a portion of an eight-mile stretch of US 101 north of Eureka where three-year-old plants provide color throughout the spring and summer.

~~ ~~ ~

a~.,r: ,~ ,~ ~ ~ "~.~ "~.~

"'.: ».

~.<-

:,~

winner. winner.

which which won won first first prize prize of of X15,000.

Above: Above: W. W.

James James Jurkovich, Jurkovich, grand grand prize prize Below: Below: Rendering Rendering for for Jurkovich's Jurkovich's design

to to engineers engineers in in foreign foreign countries. structure. the the

other other honorable honorable mention mention awards awards went that that a a construction construction could could crew crew build

ways ways Bridge Bridge Department. Department. All All the finished finished design design had had to to be be so so complete

the the of of California California Division Division of of High- hypothetical hypothetical drawings drawings one, one, for for the

5 5 prize, prize, were were also also won won by by employees ground. ground. Although Although the the problem problem was was a

mention mention awards, awards, each each bearing bearing a a $1,000 with with frontage frontage roads roads located located on on level

York York engineer. engineer. Of Of the the honorable 10 10 overpass overpass across across afour freeway -lane -lane

engineer, engineer, and and third third prize prize to to a a New same same problem— design design of of a a two -lane

Second Second prize prize went went to to a a New New Jersey Each Each contestant contestant worked worked on on the

headquarters. ture.

section section in in the the division's division's Sacramento esthetic esthetic appearance appearance of of the the struc- total total

bridge bridge engineer engineer heads heads who who a a design omy omy in in design design and and fabrication, fabrication, and

was was W. W. James James Jurkovich, Jurkovich, senior a a design, design, good good utilization utilization of of econ- steel, steel,

Contest. Contest. Design Design talented talented The The winner Entries Entries were were judged judged on on originality originality of

Corporation Corporation 1966 1966 International International Bridge and and consultants consultants throughout throughout world. the the

000 000 as as first first prize prize U.S. U.S. the the in in Steel of of material material to to benefit benefit engineers design design

the the welcome welcome news news he he had had $15,- won won concepts, concepts, methods, methods, and and different different uses

of of Highways Highways bridge bridge received engineer engineer the the development development of of new new design ideas, ideas,

In In September September a a California California Division The The aim aim of of the the was competition competition :;` ~ ~~. ~~~' II ~

`~ Walter° W. White, Rio Linda. H. L. Payne, Sacs°amento 0. Bender, Sacra~nento A. P. Bezzone, Sacramento

Robert E. Kerswah, Yuba City/ Farl R. Latham, Davis Richard J. LeBeau, Citrus Heights Photos above are of the seven young Division of High~,va?~s engineers who shared in the five X1,000 awards.

The California honorable mention award winners were: ~ The team of Robert E. Kershaw, 1255 Rickey Drive, Yuba City, and Richard J. LeBeau, 5422 Sagitarius Way, Citrus Heights. • Earl R. Latham, Willowbank 10A, Davis. ,,, ,~ ~ The team of O. Bender, 5508 ~'{ u ~-~~ . ~. r -~ - Prim Court, Sacramento, and A. P. q.:° ~. __rr t Bezzone, 2183 56th Avenue, Sacra- mento. e H. L. Payne, 1225 56th Avenue, Sacramento. • Walter W. White, 7408 16th Drawings are details Street, Rio Linda. ,from some of the 2vinning designs Governor Brown commended the submitted by ~nen shown above winners and cited their accomplish- ments as "proof that strong progress is being made in blending safety, beauty and economy in the state's public construction program." Jurkovich is a native Californian. Born in Fresno, he graduated from high school there and attended the University of California, where he He was promoted to senior bridge worked his way through school and engineer in 1952 and heads a design still found time to letter in football section that specializes in major track. proj- and ects such as the Vincent Upon Thomas graduation, he spent three Bridge near Los Angeles. years in the Army Engineers before Married, he and his wife and five joining the California Division of children reside at 2170 56th Avenue, Highways in 1946. Sacramento. 39

San San Bernardino Bernardino

Chamber Chamber

of of

Com-

mack mack stated: stated: "California "California lost lost a a

real

afford."

ill ill

Guthrie Guthrie

was was

past past

president president

of of

the

State State

Highway Highway

Engineer Engineer C. C. J. J. Wo- his his passing passing is is a a loss loss that that California California can

system.

took took

during during

his his many many

fruitful fruitful

years." "He "He was was a a man man of of such such

stature stature

that

routes routes

are are now now

part part of of the the

Interstate

ied ied

public public

projects projects service service under- he he William William

S. S.

Whitehurst, Whitehurst,

Fresno:

as as

U.S. U.S. Highways Highways

66, 66, 99. 99. and and 91 91

These

not not in in only only this, this, but but in in the the other other

var- to to

the the

other other

commissioners."

velopment velopment

of of

the the roads roads now now

known

streets. streets.

was was He He

remarkably remarkably

successful

Guthrie's Guthrie's 23 23 years years of of service service widespread. widespread. provided He He pioneered pioneered in in the the

de-

state state highways, highways,

county county

roads roads

and and city wisdom wisdom and and experience experience fore fore state state the the highway highway that that system system James was was so

to to them them

the the

best best possible possible network network of gram gram of of ber ber for for the the San San Bernardino Bernardino commission, commission, County County shall shall be- I I miss miss the

that that Californians Californians

would would leaders leaders have have in in available the the first first good good roads roads "As "As pro- the the most most newly newly appointed appointed mem-

through through much much

his his of of

his his newspaper newspaper time time toward toward was was one one making making the of of sure Alexander Alexander H. H. Pope, Pope, Los Los Angeles:

Telegram Telegram

for for many many

nia nia years. years.

Highway Highway Guthrie Commission Commission he he directed Guthrie's Guthrie's long long years years

of of service."

the the

San San Bernardino Bernardino

Daily Daily Sun Sun

anc~ before before his his appointment appointment

to to Califor- the the dents dents

who who

is is now now benefiting benefiting

from from

Mr.

life. life.

He He

was was editor editor

and and

president president

when when

James James

A. A. Guthrie Guthrie died. died.

Long

mission mission

to to but but

each each of of the the state's state's resi-

1888 1888 in in

and and lived lived

there there

throughout throughout

his

who who owns owns

automobile automobile an an lost lost friend a a

only only to to

me me as as a a member member of of com- the the

Guthrie Guthrie

was was born born

in in San San Bernardino

Works, Works,

stated: stated:

"Every "Every

Californian passing passing of of James James Guthrie Guthrie is is a a loss loss not

future."

John John Erreca, Erreca,

Director Director

of_ of_

Public

Abraham Abraham

Kofman, Kofman,

AIameda: AIameda: "The

help help in in planning planning

for for growth growth the the

of of

the

highway highway

program."

all all us us

of of

should should

emulate."

portation portation system. system.

I I feel feel we we

need need

his

integrity integrity

and and

fornia fornia quality quality scene. scene. of of

the the He He state's

led led an an envied envied life life that

an an

integral integral part part

shaping shaping in in

our our trans-

period period

Jim Jim

Guthrie Guthrie contributed contributed balanced balanced and and

progressive progressive to to

the

in in the the Cali-

three three

administrations administrations

and and has has

played

really really

know know how how "James "James much much

over over Guthrie Guthrie 23 a a epitomized epitomized -year

that that all all is

in in highway highway development development

through

sion, sion,

said: said:

"Few "Few Roger Roger taxpayers taxpayers S. S.

could

Woolley, Woolley,

San San Diego:

said: said: "Jim "Jim Guthrie Guthrie

been been has has

a a pioneer

of of the the

California California James James

Highway Highway Guthrie."

Commis-

second second

time time ].965, ].965,

in in

Governor Governor

Brown

Agency Agency

Administrator Administrator

Californian Californian

and and and and Chairman newspaper newspaper

editor editor as

In In reappointing reappointing

Guthrie Guthrie

for for the

Robert Robert B. B. Bradford, Bradford, commission commission

Transportation

with with

such such a a distinguished

as as vice vice

chairman.

Guthrie. "It "It was was an an

honor honor

to to serve serve

on on the the

same

Earl Earl Warren. Warren.

served served He He

several several terms

the the feelings feelings Joseph Joseph of of

close close C. C. Houghteling, Houghteling, associates associates

Sunnyvale: of

was was

made made

1943 1943 in in

under under

Governor

The The following following And And from from

statements statements his his

fellow fellow reflect commissioners:

inal inal appointment appointment

to to the the commission

James James

K., K.,

of of San San

Bernardino.

of of Highways Highways

will will miss miss him."

~. ~.

Brown, Brown, in in

1961 1961 and and

X965. X965.

His His

orig-

is is He He survived survived

by by

his his wife wife

and and a a

son,

way way

system. system. The The California California Division

pointed pointed

twice twice

by by

Governor Governor Edmund

Sutter Sutter

Club Club

of of Sacramento.

in in

development development the the

of of our our state state

high-

Guthrie, Guthrie,

a a

Republican, Republican,

was was

reap-

fornia fornia Club Club

of of Los Los

Angeles Angeles and and the

structive structive efforts efforts were were a a positive positive factor

in in San San Bernardino.

Club Club of of

Southern Southern

California, California,

the the Cali-

interested interested

in in

good good roads roads

and and

his his con-

the the

past past

23 23 years, years, died died

August August on on

23 the the

advisory advisory

board board of of

the the Automobile

voted voted public public to to

service. service. He He

was was

keenly

California California

Highway Highway

Commission Commission

for

state state

chamber. chamber.

He He was was

a a member member of

away. away. Much Much

of of his his

adult adult

life life

was was

de-

James James

Guthrie, Guthrie,

A. A.

member member

of of

the inerce inerce

and and

a a former former director director of of the friend friend when when James James A. A. Guthrie Guthrie passed

Served Served Under Under Three Three Gove

Highway Highway Commissioner Commissioner James James Guthrie Guthrie A. A. Dies Alfred Heller "He was a dedicated public servant, a man I am proud to have known, albeit only briery."

Frank B. Durkee "Above all, Jim Guthrie stood for progress; for what he ~~, believed would be beneficiaL for all the people—whether tit be water for San Bernardino or a free2vay system for California, subject always to fair treatment for Zndividu- ~°e als or communities affected. It was an honor to•have served ~~ with him." ~ Franklin S. Payne "Jim Guthrie was one of the fcnest and most honorable ~°" ~nen I have ever known. He was the most outstanding member the Californicc Highway Commission has ever had."

Fred W. Speers "Jim Guthrie was, in m~ opinion, one of the great men of California who truly matched its mountains." C. T. Leigh "It was a privilege to have known and worked with Jim, and continued a friendship for many years after serving on the commission."

Robert E. McClure "Jir~z Guthrie to dais ~yzaryzy friends and colleagues—was one of the great twentieth century builders of California and truly a man `to match our mountains.'" H. Stephen Chase "Of the man9 privileges coming my way as a result of service on the Highway Commission wtithout a doubt o~2e of the greatest was my association with Jinn Guthri-e. His 2visdom and friendship I shall always remember and cherish." Arthur T. Luddy "The gassing of Jiryn Guthrie has grieved and saddened me. My fondest memory will always be m~ association with him on the Highway Commission.'' F. Walter Sandelin "Jinn Guthrie, he was cz true and loyal crusading Son of Calif orn2a." C. M. Max Gillis "He possessed good qualities in unusual measure— stren,gth, gentleness, integrity, and wisdom—a truly big man." John J. Purchio "The passing of Jinn Guthrie takes from all of us in Cali- fornia one of its fcnest people and most able citizens." John O. Bronson "Jinz Guthrie was a credit to t~ze Highavay Commission. He was fair and honest and used excellent judgment in his decisions." Harrison R. Baker "He was an outstanding citizen of Calif ornia, one of the fcnest of this generation, a powerful and continuing progress~ve force zn his community." T. Fred Bagshaw "He wccs great in every aspect—to his family—as a frie~ad as a public servant."

but but overcame overcame they they them. them.

They They nor- the the Nevada Nevada County County job, job, where where 3.4 reports reports engineers.

The The

bidders bidders

their their had had problems problems

too,

the the successful successful

bidder, bidder, $3,218,706, $3,218,706, on H. H. Brummond, Brummond, Richard Richard Peacemaker,

Granite Granite

lowed lowed Construction Construction them them

their their for for calculations. Company Company was Ralph Ralph Sandler, Sandler, resident resident engineer; engineer; G.

(joint (joint

high high venture); venture); because because and and of of Harms Harms limited limited the the Brothers. time time al- neer; neer; Art Art Nelson, Nelson, Barney Barney Hutsinpiler,

Company Company responding responding and and Thomas Thomas contractors contractors

might might Construction bid bid too neer; neer; Ed Ed Miller, Miller, assistant assistant district district engi-

Merrill Merrill

within within Dubach; Dubach; L. L. the the

division division American American as as whether whether to to Paving the ters) ters) : : `Villard `Villard Warren, Warren, district district engi-

Brothers; Brothers;

volved. volved. Teichert Teichert A. A. was was There There and and some some concern Son, Son, Inc.; In In Marysville Marysville (District (District 03 03 headquar-

Other Other because because bidders bidders federal federal funds funds were were are are often often Huntington so so in- neer.

concur concur

on on amount amount the the to to of of traffic traffic contract the the

by by that that time. and and Engle, Engle, C. C. E. E. construction construction engi-

Federal Federal Bureau Bureau

Public Public of of two two lanes lanes must Roads Roads of of new new road road paved paved and and open neer; neer; H. H. Holum, Holum, C. C. reports reports engineer;

addition, addition,

In In on on contracts, contracts, winter, winter, most most but but the

new new the the firm firm will will have neer; neer; George George Bischof, Bischof, resident resident engi-

bad bad

weather weather sure sure to to come come amount amount the the with with considered considered the Walter Walter fair. Nett, Nett, assistant assistant district district engi-

probably probably

will will shut shut down down during during bid bid on on ters): ters): the project project is is any any percent percent 10 10 H. H. above S. S. Miles, Miles, district district engineer;

day day

after after bids bids were were opened. opened. out out The The bids bids job starts starts and and In In all all over over if if Redding Redding the the low (District (District headquar- 02 02

six six bidders, bidders, and and work work resumed resumed was was days. days. the division division The The throws normally normally department.

offer offer $727,735.30 $727,735.30 of of

was was cedure cedure low low among was was cut cut down down about about Swansen Swansen to to 10 and and Stanley Stanley bridge Newell, Newell,

Granite Granite

Construction Construction

Company's make make award, award, in in each each instance instance the the R. R. pro- R. R. Norton, Norton, office office engineers; engineers; Davis

Its Its contract, contract, original original a a value value open open resultant resultant was was $1,571,000. bids, bids, ence ence and Peterson, Peterson, plans plans and and estimates;

that that

quired quired was was about about by by 65 65 state state the the percent percent advertise just just to to complete. Clarence Clarence Nevis, Nevis, specifications; specifications; Clar-

mile mile Although Although

stretch stretch of of US US weeks weeks six six 50 50 usually usually near near Bass Bass is is tive; tive; re- Lake M. M. Beckstead, Beckstead, W. W. Charles Charles Nassi,

The The El El Dorado Dorado project project was was Gentry, Gentry, a a construction construction 2.2- quired quired finish finish field field to to representa- project. the the

and and Ladd Ladd (joint (joint Sacramento Sacramento venture). Headquarters), Headquarters), finally finally the the amount amount overall overall are are cash cash of of Bruce re-

bons bons and and Reed Reed projects. projects. Company Company Included Included had had and and (at (at to to derived derived Hughes be be the the division's for for each each item, item, and

tion tion Company Company of of his his (joint (joint own own venture); venture); pleted, pleted, untouched. untouched. staff staff who who Gib- Then Then worked worked cost cost on on factors the

struction struction and and to to R. R. commend commend A. A. Heintz Heintz had had Construc- been been completed, completed, following following the the members partially partially com-

Other Other bidders bidders could could were were Ray Ray have have tained tained Kizer Kizer done done as as in in Con- the the well, well, contract contract original original he he wanted that

traffic traffic throughout throughout Division Division the the of of winter. hours hours Highways Highways figuring figuring employees out out each each item item con-

done done and and the the also also said said freeway freeway that that division division although although be be will will engineers engineers open open to many many spent spent many many of of the extra

spring, spring, the the bulk bulk forces forces of of who who the the work work did did has has During During been these these such such -day -day five fine fine grace grace work. work. periods He

ishing ishing

touches touches individuals individuals may may be be required required among among next the the contractors' cause.

ahead ahead

of of

schedule. schedule.

Although Although gineer, gineer,

congratulated congratulated

some some fin- those those unknown advance advance before before he he contract contract loses loses a a

for

hours hours

and and

J. J. by by C. C.

October October Womack, Womack, 10 10 were were

State State Highway Highway well En- tractor tractor must must be be notified notified five five days days in

around around

the the

clock clock for for

336 336 consecutive and and Parker, Parker, Baun Baun and and Thomas. in in their their favor —the —the requires requires law law a a con-

They They

worked worked

a a

slipform slipform Huntington Huntington paver Brothers Brothers allowed allowed (joint (joint venture); by by law. law. One One time time factor factor was

inent inent

on on

the the

job job the the same same

day. Enterprises, Enterprises, Homer Homer work work Olsen, Olsen, resumed resumed J. J. and the the in in minimum minimum time

tember tember

13, 13,

and and

had had

men men

and and Watson; Watson; equip- Harms Harms Brothers, Brothers, expedite expedite to to Gordon Gordon letting letting Ball new new bids bids and and get

the the

same same day day

bids bids

were were

opened, opened, Other Other Sep- bidders bidders were were quired quired Fredrickson Fredrickson to to and virtually virtually blaze blaze new new a a trail

company company was was

awarded awarded

a a days. contract contract on sion sion Highways Highways of of employees employees were were re-

Watson Watson

was was

low low

at at $1,121,894.86. $1,121,894.86.

working working The on on the the overpass overpass situations situations within within in in three past past the the S S years, years, 1 1 Divi-

remained remained

unfinished. unfinished.

Fredrickson Fredrickson

awarded awarded and the the bid, bid, and and a a Because Because full full there there crew crew had had was been been no no similar

proximately proximately

ZO ZO percent percent of of toward toward the the

work the the

site site

the the same same day day was it it

Engineer Engineer

C. C. J. J. Womack.

Anderson Anderson

in in

Shasta Shasta

County County

where where

ap- firm firm was was moving moving

heavy heavy

equipment

said said

he he

in in a a letter letter

State State to to Highway

plete plete five five miles miles

of of Interstate Interstate

5 5

near

within within 3 3 5 5

working working days. days. The The new

ferring ferring

contracts contracts the the

to to

new new bidders,"

Four Four firms firms

submitted submitted bids bids com- to to

Street Street

overcrossing overcrossing

be be

completed

and and

almost almost

no no time time was was lost lost trans- in in

mates.

awarded awarded

Granite Granite

stipulated stipulated Broad the the

"Both "Both

groups groups cooperated cooperated

very very

refining refining well

physical physical

facts facts

into into dollar dollar esti- For For that that reason reason the the new new contract

personnel personnel

worked worked in in correcting correcting overtime overtime situation. the the at at home home offices offices in the the city.

hest hest

engineers engineers tors tors and and to to

the the

the the Division Division

task task and and of of staffs Highways fic fic was was handicapped handicapped in in moving moving about

They They

responded responded

assigning assigning the the by by

work work their done done both both by by ings ings contrac- the the had had not not been been built built and and local local traf-

one

-third -third

the the

usual usual

time.

Erreca Erreca was was said said he he disturbed disturbed was was because because well well pleased pleased some some with overcross-

to to

complete complete

their their calculations calculations

in in about

half half complete, complete, State State Public Public and and Works Works the the community Director Director John

mitting mitting abid abid but but

this this

time time

they they

had

nal nal contract, contract,

$5,416,296.22, $5,416,296.22, was was about

Company Company

of of

Marysville.

which which

to to

figure figure

a a contract contract

before before

sub- struction struction

in in

Nevada Nevada

City. City.

The The origi-

to to ed ed

Norman Norman

I. I. Fadel Fadel

Construction

orally orally have have

aone -month -month

minimum minimum

miles miles of of Route Route 2d 2d

was was

under under con-

dollars, dollars, had had all all been been originally originally award-

totaling totaling an an estimated estimated 10 10 million million plus

Dorado, Dorado, Placer Placer and and Shasta Shasta Counties,

schedule. schedule. The The three three projects projects in in El

unable unable to to meet meet his his required required time

tracts tracts on on which which the the contractor contractor vas

of of trol trol three three major major state state highway highway con-

Highways Highways in in September September resumed resumed con-

quence quence since since 1951; 1951; the the Division Division of

In In the the first first such such action action of of conse- B~ Howard Smith

`-~._ ~- --~._ .~~ a ~1;,~:~..

Sunnyvale's former Greyhound bus station, Neev passenger waiting and freight and luggage storage ho~secd in a ~~~obilehome, lacked restroona facilities locatecl beneath ~1Tathilda Avenue overhead. facilities and adequate parking.

Prof that the space beneath a free- thoug~i many months were spent in a eled by the bus line. In addition, the way structure can be used for other search for a new site, every suitable property had already been bought and purposes is evinced iu the new Public location vas either too expensive of paid for. Accommodations Building in Sunny- not available. ~Zr. Sweeney, with the services of valc. Located under the Mathilda Ave- In desperation, the Greyhound Com- Architect Byron Lundburg, proposed nue Overhead on Route 85, the build- pany rented a large trailer for use as that the city erect ~ bright, cheerful ing provides public service as ~~~ell as an interim station and placed it on an building on this rather small, dark site. its earns cost through lease of a portion undersized, unpaved parking lot just It ~~rould he leased to the Greyhound tf~e building of to the Greyhound Bus outside the downtown business district. Bus Company and could also become Company. The ~i-aiting room consisted of ttivo ~i center for a numk~er of public pur- In a dedication speech lvhen the outdoor benches, and the baggage and poses. It provides needed restrooms in building was opened for use, Mayor freight tivere stacked in the open. the do~~rnto~~n area. The building Eugene Conrady said: In the meantime, tl~e City of Sunny- might well be the focal poinC of a local "Today eve gather to celebrate the vale ~~as building an overhead struc- transportation system in the future. opening and dedication of ~~hat ~~e be- ture nn 112athilda Avenue (Route 85) Best of all, as far as the taxpayers lieve is a unique public building ... We to carry traffic over zhe railroad tracks. are concerned, Greyhound's monthly believe it is the first project in Cali- Funds tivere provided by the city, state, rental of the building would complete- fornia that takes this kind of double and Southern Pacific Company for this lvpay off the $55,OOi~ cost of construc- advantage of ...areas in our business project, which was opened to traffic on tion in a number of years. districts ... our knowledge, it Ta is tblay 10, 1965. Currently ~aein~ installed is a land- the first use airspace ~~ncler of the a One da}r, ~+~hile the oeerhead struc- scaped outdoor patio to provide a park- structure required for the efficient ture tivas under construction, City )ike area for relaxation. movement of automobiles," said ii~Ianager Thomas H. Sweeney spotted Since the location of Route 85 along Mayor Conrady. the unused land under the overhead. tVlathilda Avenue was to be s`vitched a It all came about this ~vay. Bael: in "Whir not put the bus station there?" mile to the tivest along the ne~~~ "Stevens 1958, the City of he Sunnyvale started an thought. Creels Freeway," and the area ~~as to be urban renewal plan to clear a blighted It was near acres of parkin, it was relinquished to the city, an eneroach- tea of family dwelling units and poor only a short block away from the cen- menC perrrlit was issued on commercial buildings, January 20, one of which ter of the business district, and it of- vas the Greyhound 1965, to allow the City of Sunnyvale to Bus Depot. AI- fered ready access to the routes trav- build the facility.

1953 1953 joined joined He He to to 1954. 1954. state state service service in in 1961. 1961. ~~

was was assistant assistant tiVestern tiVestern editor editor for for Construction Construction magazine magazine from from ~ ~ t

twice twice recipient recipient armed armed of of an an press press forces forces service service award. award. He

~~ ~~ ~: ~: ~ ~ .~;

`~ `~ ~ ~ e Smith Smith was was U.S. U.S. of of editor editor publications publications several several Navy Navy and and was was ~ ~ _~

in in journalism journalism the the from from University University California California of of at at Berkeley.

Francisco. Francisco. He He born born in in was was Chicago Chicago and and honor honor was was graduate an an

r r ;~ ;~ i information information officer officer the the for for Flighways Flighways of of Division Division San in in

NEW NEW USE USE OF OF Howard Howard SPACE SPACE (6) (6) M. M. Smith Smith an an assistant is is

before before joining joining highways highways 1957. in in

in in 1948. 1948. He He worked worked Department Department the the for for Resources of of Water Water

there there and and his his state state began began the the with with career career of of Division Division Forestry

paintings. paintings. native native Sacramentan, Sacramentan, A A also also attended attended he he school

Department Department Sacramento Sacramento in in sold sold and and has has watercolor many many

tectural tectural with with assistant assistant the the Division Division Highways Highways of of Bridge

Louis Louis O. O. Baker Baker who who illustrated illustrated the the (2), (2), article, article, is is an an archi-

colors, colors, photography, photography, woodworking, woodworking, and and gardening. hi -fi, -fi,

hie hie Among Among he he hobbies hobbies includes includes and and hiking hiking camping, camping, water-

district district design design time time at at he he engineer engineer the the the the won won award. Parade Parade

spent spent Kroeck Kroeck much much of of career career and and his his in in work work design design was

office office Stockton Stockton 1946. 1946. traffic traffic in in Now Now the the engineer engineer district, for for

the the Pacific. Pacific. He He came came to to the the work work for for Division Division Highways of of

is is a a native native Jose Jose of of and and San San a a graduate graduate University University of of the the of

award award national national the the the the design design for for most most of of highway, beautiful beautiful

(1), (1), Kroeck Kroeck awarded awarded who who was was the the 1965 1965 magazine Parade Parade

AN AN ENGINEER ENGINEER LOOKS LOOKS AESTHETICS AESTHETICS AT AT G. Louis Louis

5 5 house house organ.

employees employees in in his his own own district district appeared appeared and and the the District in in

The The article article present present was was prepared prepared originally originally by by the Datel Datel for for

the the University University of of Minnesota Minnesota and and joined joined the the in in division division 1948.

South South Dakota, Dakota, he he received received engineering engineering degree degree his his civil civil from

1963 1963 when when he he was was 38 38 native native old. old. years years of of A A Wessington,

He He was was appointed appointed to to his his present present post post in in Obispo Obispo San San Luia Luia in

is is the the youngest youngest district district in in engineer engineer the the Division Division Highways. of of

FROM FROM THE THE DESK DESK OF OF R. R. J. J. DATEL DATEL (5) J. J. Datel Datel Robert Robert

in in 1963.

the the Division Division of of Highways Highways assistant assistant as as an an information information officer

public public relations relations a a San San Francisco Francisco of of She She medical medical center. center. joined

before before coming coming to to California California in in 1961 1961 to to become become director director of

in in Omaha. Omaha. She She served served on on the the of of the the World World staff staff Medical Medical News

Nebraska Nebraska who who began began career career her her in in public public medical medical relations

native native Nebraskan Nebraskan and and graduate graduate a a the the . . University University of of of

JOHNNY JOHNNY LUPINESEED LUPINESEED J. J. Marcia Marcia Mickelsen Mickelsen (4) (4) ie ie a

of of April April this this year.

Board Board Control Control 1961 1961 and and in in became became executive executive its its officer officer in

assistant assistant executive executive the the of of officer officer Vehicle Vehicle Motor Motor Pollution

County County Air Air Pollution Pollution Control Control He He District. District. appointed was was

5% 5% years years in in the the enforcement enforcement of of division division the the Los Los Angeles

University University and and now now is is State State of of a a member member the the He He worked Bar. Bar.

in in Los Los received received Angeles, Angeles, law law degree degree his his

from from Southwestern

WIiAT'S WIiAT'S UP —IN —IN THE THE Eric Eric AIR? AIR? P. P. Grant Grant (3) (3) was was born

y lines ~ ~ STATE OF CALIFORNIA EDMUND G. BROWN, Governor TRANSPORTATION AGENCY ROBERT B. BRADFORD Administrator

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS JOHN ERRECA, Director FRANK A. CHAMBERS . Chief Deputy Director RUSSELL J. GOONEY . Deputy Director (Management) T. F. BAGSHAW Assistant Director JUSTIN DuCRAY Departmental Management Analyst HARRY D. FREEMAN Deputy Director (Planning) C. RAY VARLEY Assistant Director S. ALAN WHITE Departmental Personnel Officer

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS J. C. WOMACK State Highway Engineer, Chief of Division CALIFORNIA J. P. MURPHY Deputy State Highway Engineer Right of Way HIGHWAY COMMISSION 1. A. LEGARRA Deputy State Highway Engineer RUDOLF HESS Chief Right of Way Agent GEO. LANGSNER Deputy State Highway Engineer HARRY L. KAGAN . Assistant Chief ROBERT B. BRADFORD Chairman and LYMAN R. GILLIS Assistant State Highway Engineer DEXTER D. MacBRIDE Assistant Chief Administrator, S. J. PIANEZZI J. E. McMAHON Assistant State Highway Engineer ~• Assistant Chief Transportation Agency CRANK E. BAXTER Assistant State Highway Engineer District 1, Eureka ABRAHAM KOFMAN Vice Chairman SAM 'HELWER District Engineer GEORGE A. HILL Assistant State Highway Engineer Alameda 1. C. BURRILL Comptroller nisrriet 2, Redding ROGER S. WOOLLEY San Diego H. S. MILES District Engineer NEAL E. ANDERSEN . Equipment Engineer WILLIAM S. WHITEHURST . Fresno JOHN L. BEATON Materials and Research Engineer District 3, Marysville JOSEPH C. HOUGHTELING Sunnyvale C. WARREN G. BEER Urban Planner W ~• District Engineer ALEXANDER H. POPE A. N. DUNHAM Computer Systems Engineer Los Angeles District a, san Francisco ALVORD C. ESTEP Engineer of Design ALAN S. HART J. F. JORGENSEN Construction Engineer District Engineer R. A. HAYLER Deputy JOHN ERRECA Administrative Officer SCOTT H. LATHROP Personnel and Public Information District Engineer HAIG AYANIAN . Deputy and Director of Public Works C. T. LEDDEN City and County Projects Engineer District Engineer C. F. GREENE Deputy Engineer JACK COOPER, Secretary Sacramento 1ACK E. PEDDY Project Control Engineer District DANA G. PENGILLY Planning Engineer District 5, son ~u~s ob;spo E. 1. L. PETERSON Program and Budget Engineer R. J. DATEL District Engineer District 8, San Bernardino R. V. POTTER Systems Research Engineer C. V. KANE District Engineer PAUL C. SHERIDAN Office Engineer District 6, Fresno R. E. DEFFEBACH District Engineer E. L. TINNEY . Maintenance Engineer District 9, Bishop DONALD P. VAN- RIPER Principal Landscape Architect District 7, Los Angeles C. A. SHERVINGTON District Engineer 1. E. WILSON Traffic Engineer E. T, TELFORD District Engineer L. ELLIOTT District 70, Stockton A. Bridge Engineer—Planning A. L. HIMELHOCH Deputy District Engineer H. R. HINEMAN JOHN G. MEYER District Bridge Engineer—Operations A. C. BIRNIE Deputy District Engineer Engineer R. 1. IVY Bridge Engineer— Adminisfretion A. W. HOY . Deputy District Engineer District 11, San Diego DALE DOWNING Bridge Engineer— Southern Area T. G. LAMMERS Deputy District Engineer JACOB DEKEMA District Engineer

DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND RIGHTS OF WAY HARRY S. FENTON Chief Counsel EMERSON RHYNER Deputy Chief (Sacramento) HOLLOWAY JONES Deputy Chief (San Francisco) REGINALD B. PEGRAM Deputy Chief (Los Angeles)

DIVISION OF BAY TOLL CROSSINGS E. R. FOLEY Chief Engineer, Chief of Division J. !. KOZAK Deputy Chief Engineer BEN BALALA Construction Engineer CHARLES L. SWEET Operations Engineer THOMAS G. BERTKEN Planning Engineer VERNON 1. RICHEY Design Engineer GEORGE F. ANDERSON Administrative Officer

DIVISION OF AERONAUTICS CLYDE P. BARNETT Director, Chief of Division

(October 3, 1966) p77792-50Q 8-6'6` 85M printed ttt CALIPORNIA OFFICE OF SiAT6 PRIN77NG Y ~ ,,~/} ~~-„ T^°, ` ~'`. ,~ ~ •it 'e' f 4° ~, '' ~. y ~ - ~ ,. ~. rte•, -e'er` ;. y ~ ,~, ~ ~ f ~ ~ ;';

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