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General Drafting. Technical Manual. INSTITUTION Department of the Army, Washington, D.C

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General Drafting. Technical Manual. INSTITUTION Department of the Army, Washington, D.C DOCUMENT RESUME ED 083 372 CE 000 302 TITLE General Drafting. Technical Manual. INSTITUTION Department of the Army, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO TM-5-581A PUB DATE 3 Oct 72 NOTE 223p.; This document supersedes TM-5-230, October 29, 1962 AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (488-579/19) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$9.87 DESCRIPTORS *Drafting; Engineering Drawing; Engineering Graphics; Geometric Concepts; Instructional Materials; Manuals; *Military Personnel; Reprography; *Technical Illus'ration IDENTIFIERS *Military Occupation Specialty; MOS ABSTRACT The manual provides instructional guidance and reference material in the principles and procedures of general drafting and constitutes the primary study text for personnel in drafting as a military occupational specialty. Included is information on drafting equipment and its use; line weights, conventions and formats; lettering; engineering charts and graphs; geometrical construction; intersections and developments; multiview projections; pictorial drawing and sketching; dimension and notes; and methods of reproduction. The appendixes are lists of references, abbreviations, and illustrations and tables. There is also a subject index. (AG) TM 5-581A 4,111 I. k (N) '11.?lie Ii2).-, 'trk.' "'' 7r-, +- 4,-..01, TECHNICAL MANUAL SITRrii,tys DUPL/cAT E (.....__, 4 JuN_..1 ..la Copy -- :_:._...1973 GENERAL DRAFTING U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION A WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION F F HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Cq.;',OBER 1972 TACO 19A FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY *TM 5-581A }TECHNICAL MANUAL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 5-581A WASHINGTON, D.C., 3 October 1972 GENERAL DRAFTING Parestreph Page CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION 1 -1 --1-6 1-1,1-2 2. DRAFTING EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE 2 -1 --2 -26 2 -1 --2 -19 3.LINE WEIGHTS, CONVENTIONS AND FORMA TS 3-1-3-9 3 -1 --3 -7 4. LETTERINI; Section I.Lettering requirements 4-1-4-6 4-1 II.Freehand lettering 4-7-4-12 4-3-4-9 III.Mechanical lettering 4-13--4-15 4- 9,4 -10 IV.Other lettering devices 4-16--4-18 4-11 CHAPTER5. ENGINEERING CHARTS AND GRAPHS Section I.Graphic presentation of engineering data 5-1--5-3 5-1 7T, Technical charts 5-4-5-14 5-2-5-7 III.Display charts 5- 15 -5 -21 5-7-5-12 IV.Training aids 5-22-5-26 5-12,5-13 CHAPTER6.GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION 6-1-6-82 6-1-6-46 Section I.Geometrical nomenclature 6-2-6-10 6-1-6-5 II.Straight line construction 6-A-6-51 6-5--6-22 III.Curve line construction 6-52-6-826-24-6-46 CHAPTER7. INTERSECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS Section I.Geometrical surfaces 7-1-7-4 7-1-7-11 II.Intersections 7-5-7-10 7-11-7-16 III. Developments 7-11-7-19 "7-16-7-22 CHAPTER8.MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Section I.Projections 8 -1 -8 -9 8-1-8-11 II.Sections 8-10--8-12 8- 15 -8 -21 III. Auxiliary, and exploded views 8-13,8-14 8-23-8-27 CHAPTER9. PICTORIAL DRAWING AND SKETCHING Section I.Introduction 9-1, 9-2 9-1 II.Axonometric projection 9-3-9-14 9-1--9-6 III.Oblique drawings 9-15-9-18 9-7- -9-9 IV.Pictorial sketching 9-19-9-30 9-11-9-18 CHAPTER 10. DIMENSION AND NOTES Section I.Size description 10-1,10-2 10-1 II.Elements of dimensioning 10- 3 -10 -9 10-3--10-6 III. Dimensioning methods 10-10--10-1310-8-10-15 IV.Notes 10-14,10-1510-16 CHAPTER 11.REPRODUCTION Section I.Introduction 11-1, 11-2 11-1 II.Production process_ 11-3-11-1 11-1-11-8 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES _ _ A-1--A- A-1, A-2 B.ABBREVIATIONS B-1 C.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES INDEX Index I * This manual supersedes TM 5-210, 29 October 1962. AGO 19A 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose and Scope drawing must present information suchas size, a. This manual provides instructional guidance shape, location, material, andso forth, meeting and reference material in the principles andpro- certain requirements and specifications.It must cedures of general drafting. This manual is the be presented in sucha manner that the finished primary study text for personnel in this military product will be in accordance withthe require- occupational specialty. The career pattern for sol- ments specified by the designer. Specialtools, or diers in this specialty is described in AR 611-201. drawing instruments,are used to record this lan- guage with the necessary accuracy. These tools b. This manual contains the informationre- are used by military draftsmen and engineers to quired in applying the general draftsman military produce engineering drawings thatconform to occupational specialty (MOS). It covers types of accepted standards and practices. drafting equipment and their use; line weights, conventions, and formats; methods of lettering; 1-4. Types of Engineer Construction preparation of charts and graphs; geometrical construction; surfaces and projections; drawing a. General construction performed by engineer and sketching; dimensioning drawings; and meth- construction unitsinclude such structures as ods of reproduction, headquartersinstallations,housingfacilities, workshops, hospitals, depots, protectiveshelters, storage and supply facilities, laundries, 1-2. Duties bakeries, refrigerated warehouses, training facilities,and The general draftsman's military occupational miscellaneous related projects. specialty is the basic entry IVIA.,S into thecareer b. Specialized construction projectsinclude con- fields of construction draftsman, cartographic struction of new roadsor upgrading of existing draftsman, map compiler, illustrator, and model ones ;building permanent and semi-permanent maker. The duties of the general draftsman in- bridges ;construction and repair of railroads; clude but are not limited to the following. He planning and constructing militarypipeline facili- draws a variety of general drafting details such ties; repair and construction ofport facilities; as diagrams, graphs, and charts; and assists per- and construction of airfields and heliports. sonnel engaged in construction drafting,carto- graphic drafting, map compilation, model making 1-5. Principles of Military Construction and related art and drafting activities. He pre- a. Construction should be accomplished within pares graphic sections of organizational charts, the allocated time using statistical reports, and visual aids. He a minimum of materials, letters equipment and manpower. Ifnew design is neces- drawings, plans, artwork, and other relatedmate- sary, it should be simple and flexible and rial by freehand or mechanical devices. Hecom- must piles and enters information such reflect available materials and level oftraining of as dimensions, construction personnel. The specifications, and legends on appropriate section permanency of any structure erected must not exceedlimits estab- of drawings, lished by the theater commander. 1 3. Drafting a Graphic Language b. Generally, a large projectis completed in units to allow the completed partsto be used Engineer drawing has been called the graphic lan- while construction continues.Underground or guage of the engineer. It has definite rules of protected sites should be considered usage to insure that is has the same meaning in the con- struction of essential facilities.Improvisaticns wherever it is used. Anyone who learns the rules should be used whenever possibleto reduce mate- canreadengineering drawings.Engineering rial requirements. Facility planningshould he of AGO HA 1-1 such a nature as to avoid creating lucrative tar- specific page, paragraph, and line of text in which gets ; dispersion of installations should be consid- change is recommended. Reasons should be pro- ered at all times. vided for each comment to insure complete un- derstanding and evaluation. Comments should 1-6. Comments be prepared using DA Form 2028 (Recommended Users of this manual are encouraged to submit Changes to Publications) and forwarded direct recommended changes or comments to improve to the Commandant, US Army Engineer School, the manual. Comments should be keyed to the Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060. 1 2 AGO 19A CHAPTER 2 DRAFTING EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE 2-1. Introduction a. This chapter illustrates and describes , the equipment which helps the draftsman to perform his job more easily, swiftly, and accurately in the required graphic language of the engineer. It is important to learn the correct use of these draw- ing instruments from the beginning. Proficiency will come with continued practice, but it is essen- tial to start with the correct form. With practice, theskillfuluseof drawing instrumentswill become a habit. b. For competence in drawing, accuracy and speed are essential in military as well as commer- Figure 2-2.Drafting chair. cial drafting. It should be realized from the begin- ning that a good drawing can be made as quickly have a steel cleat on each end to hold and keep a as a poor one. straight edge as well as to prevent warpage. b. The drawing table should be set so that the 2-2. Drafting Table light comes from the left, and it should be ad- a. Professional draftsmen and engineers do justed to a convenient height, usually 36 to 40 most of their drawing on tables similar to those inches, for use while sitting on a standard draft- shown in figure 2-1. Although the construction ing stool or while standing. details vary, the tables are made either to a fixed c. The instruments should be placed within easy standard height or adjustable to any desired reach on the table or on a special tray or stand working height. A turn of a hand knob or lever which is located beside the table. The table, the permits the top to be regulated to various angles; board, and the instrument.; should be cleaned be- on some tables to full easel position. Many tables fore starting to draw. 2-3.
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