42266-023: Kolkata Environmental
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Initial Environmental Examination June 2014 IND: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program Tranche 1 – Sewerage and Drainage Prepared by Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program for Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in May 2012 available on http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/kolkata-environmental-improvement-investment- program-tranche-1-sewerage-and-drain KOLKATA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT INVESTMENT PROGRAM (2014-2022) TRANCHE 1 SUBPROJECT APPRAISAL REPORT SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE VOLUME 2: INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION UPDATED FINAL REPORT June 2014 PREFACE The completed Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project (KEIP) was a multi-agency endeavor to arrest environmental degradation and improve the quality of life in Kolkata. KEIP aimed to provide affordable access to basic urban services, revamp and upgrade the sewerage and drainage system, make the solid waste management system efficient, restore the city’s drainage canals, and improve outdoor recreation facilities in parks and water bodies. KEIP included stakeholder consultation program and capacity building component to raise the standards of delivery of municipal services by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). Financing was from the KMC, the Government of West Bengal (GoWB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB). In addition, grant financing from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) was provided for KMC capacity building component of KEIP. The works under the KEIP has been completed 30 June 2013, the closing date of the ADB loans. Both KMC and ADB wish to continue their combined efforts to improve the urban environment and living conditions in Kolkata, building on results achieved and experience gained. Therefore, a continuation of the KEIP, the Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program (KEIIP), is being supported by ADB. During loan processing a number of documents has been prepared at a standard acceptable to the ADB. In order to meet the ADB requirements the KMC, assisted by its Project Management Consultants (PMC), has prepared the Kolkata Urban Sector Investment Plan 2012-2022, consisting of four volumes: Volume 1: The urban service plan Volume 2: The investment plan Volume 3: Economic and financial aspects Volume 4: Environmental and social safeguards frameworks Furthermore KMC has prepared in 2012 Subproject Appraisal Reports (SARs) for KEIIP Tranche 1 Subprojects. The SAR for KEIIP Tranche 1 Subproject Sewerage and Drainage consists of three volumes as follows: Volume 1: Technical, economical and financial aspects Volume 2: Initial Environmental Examination Volume 3: Resettlement Plan The initial environmental examination (IEE) prepared based on preliminary designs was reviewed and approved by KMC and ADB in May 2012. It has been disclosed in ADB’s website (http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/kolkata-environmental-improvement- investment-program-tranche-1-sewerage-and-drain) This final version of the IEE describes the environmental condition of the Kolkata Sewerage and Drainage Subproject under Tranche 1 of the Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Project 1 in India, including potential impact, formulation of mitigation measures, and preparation of institutional requirements and environmental monitoring for the project. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CFU - Colony Forming Unit cum/hr - cubic meter per hour cum/m3 - cubic meter dB(A) - Decibal in A network Ft - feet Ha - hectare Km - kilometer km2 or sq km - square kilometer KVA - Kilovolt ampere lpcd - liter per capita per day M - meter m/yr - meter per year mg/l - milligram per liter MGD - million gallon per day MGH - million gallon per hour MPN - Most Probable Number MT - Metric Ton ML - million liter MLD - million liter per day mm - Millimeter NTU - Nephelometric turbidity Unit This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ABBREVIATIONS AAS - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ADB Asian Development Bank APHA - American Public Health Association ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand CBO - Community Based Organization COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CESC - Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation’ CHWTSDF - Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage & Disposal Facility CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate CRZ - Coastal Regulation Zone CW - Canal Water DG - Diesel Generator DO - Dissolved Oxygen DPR - Detailed Project Report DSC - Design and Supervision Consultants DWF Dry Weather Flow DVC - Damodar Valley Corporation KMC - Kolkata Municipal Corporation EARF - Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EKW - East Kolkata Wetlands EKWMA - East Kolkata Wetland Management Authority EMP - Environmental Management Plan GC - Gas Chromatography GRC - Grievance Redressal Committee GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism GW - Groundwater HC - Hydrocarbons HPLC - High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Chromatograph IEE - Initial Environmental Examination INR - Indian National Rupee KEIP - Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project KEIIP Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program KMC - Kolkata Municipal Corporation KMDA - Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India MSDS - Material Data Safety Sheet MTBM - Micro Tunnel Boring Machine NEERI National Environmental Engineering Research Institute NIOSH - National Institute of Occupational Health NGO - Non Government Organization O and M - Operation and Maintenance PAH - Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon PBPS - Palmer Bazar Pumping Station PMC - Project Management Consultant PMU - Project Management Unit PS - Pumping Station REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW - Right of Way RP - Resettlement Plan S&D - Sewage & Drainage SEIAA - State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SEP - Site Environmental Plan SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement STP - Sewage Treatment Plant SWF - Storm Water Flow SW - Surface Water TDS - Total Dissolved Solids TMP - Traffic Management Plan TP - Tollygunge-Panchanangram TSS - Total Suspended Solids TVS - Total Volatile Solids UFW - Unaccounted For Water USD - US Dollar WBPCB - West Bengal Pollution Control Board WBSEB West Bengal State Electricity Board WBWML - West Bengal Waste Management Ltd. WTP - Water Treatment Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 2 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 5 A. ADB Policy .................................................................................................................... 5 B. National and State Laws ............................................................................................... 6 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ................................................................................... 9 A. Existing Situation .......................................................................................................... 9 B. Components of the Subproject ...................................................................................... 9 C. Salient features of the Subproject ............................................................................... 11 D. Implementation Schedule............................................................................................ 13 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) .................................................. 13 A. Physical Resources .................................................................................................... 14 B. Ecological Resources ................................................................................................. 27 C. Economic Development .............................................................................................. 33 D. Social and Cultural Resources .................................................................................... 37 IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................................... 39 A. Planning and Design Phase ........................................................................................ 40 B. Construction Phase ..................................................................................................... 42 C. Operation and Maintenance Phase ............................................................................. 51 D. Summary of Site Specific Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 55 E. Cumulative Impact Assessment .................................................................................