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Iberliner Geowiss. Abh. Berlin 2000 I Abstract: Six Species of Slit-Bearing Archaeogastopods Are Described from the Campanian (U

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Iberliner Geowiss. Abh. Berlin 2000 I Abstract: Six Species of Slit-Bearing Archaeogastopods Are Described from the Campanian (U I Berliner geowiss. Abh. Berlin 2000 I Abstract: Six species of slit-bearing archaeogastopods are described from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Torallola in north-eastern Spain. They are considered to belong to the Pleurotomariidae, Fissurellidae, Scissurellidae and Temnotropidae. The earlier suggestions that Temnotropis may be among the stem-group representatives of the Haliotidae is supported by the discovery of Temnotropis frjdai n. sp. which lived simultaneously with the earliest Haliotidae. The new species are Stuorella cretacea, Temnotropis frjdai, Scissurella hispanica, Scissurella Ileidania and Emarginula radiocostata. Kurzfassung: Sechs Arten der Schlitzbandschnecken werden aus dem Campan (Oberkreide) von Torallola im Nordosten Spaniens beschrieben und den Pleurotomariidae, Temnotropidae, Scissurellidae und Fissurellidae zugeordnet. Die fruhere Vermutung, Temnotropis konnte zu den Stammgruppenvertretern der Haliotidae gehoren, wird durch die Entdeckung von Temnotropis frjdai n. sp. untersWtzt, da diese Art zeitgleich mit der ersten Haliotidae lebte. Die neuen Arten sind Stuorella cretacea, Temnotropis frjdai, Scissurella hispanica, Scissurella lIeidania und Emar- ginula radiocostata. Keywords: Cretaceous, Archaeogastropoda, Pleurotomariidae, Fissurellidae, Scissurellidae, Temnotropidae, taxonomy, phylogeny. Address: Geologisch-Palaontologisches Institut und Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Bundes- strar..e 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. - [email protected]; [email protected] 1. Introduction Most of these families have already existed Among the living slit-bearing (selenimorph) during the Late Cretaceous (Holzapfel 1888; archaeogastropods, five families can be re- Sohl 1992). In the case of the Seguenziidae, cognized. Three of them, the Pleurotomari- members have been recognized in the Late idae Swainson, 1840, the Haliotidae Rafines- Triassic (Bandel 1991) and again from the que, 1815 and the Seguenziidae Verrill, 1884 Eocene to modern time (Marshall 1988), with have a predominantly nacreous shell (Bandel no record from the Jurassic or Cretaceous. 1979), while the Fissurellidae Flemming, 1822 The Pleurotomariidae can be traced to the and the Scissurellidae Gray, 1847 construct Triassic and with some probability into the their shell mainly of aragonitic crossed lamella Paleozoic, where selenimorph species with structure (Bandel 1998). Members of the five nacreous shell are known for example from families are well distinguishable by their radu- the Carboniferous and Devonian (Batten la (Troschel 1856; Thiele 1929-35; Hickman 1972; Bandel & Geldmacher 1996). Pleuroto- 1981; Marshall 1993) and by shell characters. mariids could well be among those groups Relationships between and within these fami- that lived during the early days of gastropod lies are still a matter of debate. They have all existence in the lower Ordovician. Among the been raised to superfamilies by various Haliotidae, the oldest characteristic Haliotis- authors, Haszprunar (1988) even regarded like species are known from the Late Creta- the Seguenziidae as an independent archae- ceous (Anderson 1902; Durham 1979; Soh I ogastropod suborder. Batten (1975) consi- 1992; Geiger & Groves 1999). However, dered the Scissurellidae to represent neoten- there is a gap in the fossil record from Paleo- ously derived fissurellids, and McLean (1984) cene through Oligocene (Sohl 1992). It was suggested a derivation of the Fissurellidae di- suggested that the Haliotidae relate to the rectly from the Bellerophontidae M'Coy, 1851. Temnotropidae (Laube 1869; Koken 1897) Both suggestions could not be verified by the which used to have their latest known re- fossil record (Bandel 1998). presentatives in the Late Triassic (Kittl 1891; Bandel 1991). The most ancient represen- tative of the Scissurellidae apparently lived in the Late Triassic, and rather "normal" scis- Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797 surellids are known from the early Jurassic onwards (Bandel 1991, 1998). The Fissurel- Subclass Archaeogastropoda Thiele, 1925 lidae originated apparently at the same time; Order Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1980 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801 for example was Family Pleurotomariidae Swainson, 1840 already quite differentiated in the Late Triassic (Zardini 1978; Bandel 1998). Going back in the fossil record, it usually becomes more and more difficult to connect the species of selenimorph archaeogastro- Type species: Perotrochus quoyana Fischer pods with living ones. Several selenimorph & Bernardi, 1885 which lives on deep reef species from the Triassic can be regarded as slopes in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of possible stem-group representatives of the Mexico (Abbott 1974: Fig. 1). Recent families. Others were interpreted as Description: The moderate to low-spired, independent, now extinct groups with Paleo- conical shell has whorls which may be zoic character (Bandel 1991). The seleni- shouldered and are sculptured with fine spiral morph archaeogastropods had their heydays and axial lines. The slit is situated in about in the Paleozoic; Wenz (1938) and Knight et the centre of the whorl, its base is umbilicate, al. (1960) listed no less than fifteen Paleozoic and the aperture is of rhomboid shape. pleurotomarioid subfamilies. Unfortunately, many of these taxa can neither be related to Remarks: Perotrochus differs from Pleuro- any modern group, nor can they be placed in tomaria Sowerby, 1821 by having convex or a well defined taxon of extinct species angular whorls, whereas they are straight or (Bandel & FrYda 1996). concave in the later. Stuorella Kittl, 1891 differs by having a small, straight-sided shell with indistinct sutures. 2. Material The gastropods described in this study were Perotrochus cf. distincta (Goldfuss, 1841) obtained from grey marls in a valley system around Torallola, Toralla and Sensui in the (PI. 1, Figs. 1-2) Tremp basin of the Spanish Pyrenees. Strati- graphically, the sediments belong to the 1841 Pleurotomaria distincta - Goldfuss, p. 71, Puimanyons Olisthostrom of the Valcarga p1.187, fig. 6. Formation which are, according to Rossell 1888 Pleurotomaria distincta Goldfuss - Holz- Sanuy et al. (1972), of Campanian age. The apfel, p. 176, pI. 20, fig. 6. material was collected by the authors and many of our colleagues from Hamburg Uni- versity during the last ten years. Fossils from Material: Seven specimens. this locality were previously described by Description: The protoconch is globular and Vidal (1921), Bataller (1949), Quintero & Re- smooth, and measures about 0.4 mm across. villa (1966) and Baron-Szabo (1998). All spe- The first 2-2.5 volutions of the teleoconch are cimens are deposited in the collection of the smooth and well rounded, afterwards an Geologisch-Palaontologisches Institut und ornamentation of fine transverse cords and Museum, Universitat Hamburg, labelled GPI spiral cords begins as well as the slit. The 3960-3968. teleoconch is large and trochiform, consists of six angular whorls with the slit at the peri- phery. The base is ornamented with spiral Iirae that continue into the deep and large umbilicus. The largest specimen is 25 mm high and 43 mm wide. Type species: Trochus subconcava Munster, 1841 from the Middle Triassic of the St. Cassian Formation (Bandel 1991: PI. 9, figs. Type species: T. carinata (Munster, 1841) 7,8; pI. 10, figs. 1-5, 7). from the St. Cassian Triassic of the Italian Description: The small, conical shell has Alps. straight sides and indistinct sutures. The slit is Description: The low, ear-shaped shells situated in the lower half of the whorl, the consist of few, fast-growing volutions. The slit aperture trapezoid and the base concave is situated at the upper flank, the base is (Bandel 1991: 25). concave and the aperture oblique. Stuorella cretacea n. sp. Remarks: Examining the type material and (PI. 1, Figs. 3-4) additional specimens, Bandel (1991) was un- able to distinguish T. carinata and T. bicari- Derivatio nominis: This is the first species of nata Laube, 1869 and considered them to Stuorella from the Cretaceous. represent the same species. Holotype: GPI 3962, pI. 1, figs. 3-4. Temnotropis f,ydai n. sp. Locus typicus: The valley system around (PI. 1, Figs. 5-7) Torallola, Toralla and Sensui near Pobla de Segur in the Tremp basin of the Spanish Derivatio nominis: Named in honour of the Pyrenees. Czech paleontologist Jiri Fl)Ida and his contri- Stratum typicum: The Puimanyons Olistho- bution to our knowledge of paleozoic gastro- strom (Campanian) of the Valcarga Forma- pods. tion. Holotype: GP13964, pI. 1, figs. 6-7. Material: One specimen. Paratype: GPI 3963, pI. 1, fig. 5. Diagnosis: A small Stuorella with backward Locus typicus: The valley system around sloping Iirae on the upper half and lower Torallola, Toralla and Sensui near Pobla de quarter of the whorls and a trapezoid aper- Segur in the Tremp basin of the Spanish ture. Pyrenees. Description: The small, conical shell consists Stratum typicum: The Puimanyons Olistho- of seven to eight volutions. Its whorls are strom (Campanian) of the Valcarga For- sculptured with fine, backward sloping Iirae mation. on the upper half and on the lower quarter, Material: Two specimens. the slit is situated between these. The base is concave and sculptured with fine spiral Iirae. Diagnosis: This Temnotropis has rounded The aperture is of trapezoid shape. The shell early whorls, an umbilicus and a narrow, is 7 mm high and 8 mm wide. lenticular aperture. Remarks: Stuorella costalaricensis Zardini, Description: The low conical shell has flat 1978 from the
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