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With Xavier, However, There Will Be This Distinction: Mapping the Educational Philosophy of Saint Katharine Drexel in the Intell

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With Xavier, However, There Will Be This Distinction: Mapping the Educational Philosophy of Saint Katharine Drexel in the Intell Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 With Xavier, however, there will be this distinction: Mapping the Educational Philosophy of Saint Katharine Drexel in the Intellectual Tradition of Black Higher Education in New Orleans, Louisiana Berlisha Roketa Morton Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Morton, Berlisha Roketa, "With Xavier, however, there will be this distinction: Mapping the Educational Philosophy of Saint Katharine Drexel in the Intellectual Tradition of Black Higher Education in New Orleans, Louisiana" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2799. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2799 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. WITH XAVIER, HOWEVER, THERE WILL BE THIS DISTINCTION: MAPPING THE EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF SAINT KATHARINE DREXEL IN THE INTELLECTUAL TRADITION OF BLACK HIGHER EDUCATION IN NEW ORLEANS, LOUISISANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Education by Berlisha R. Morton B.A., Southern University and A&M College, 2003 M.A., Southern University and A&M College, 2006 May 2014 i For Mama Thank you for telling me I could do anything if I put my mind to it. You are missed. Everyday. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ARCHIVES AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ v CHAPTER ONE: NARRATIVE AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT ............................................................ 1 Saint Katharine Drexel .................................................................................................................................. 7 Holy Discourse............................................................................................................................................ 11 Emerging Questions .................................................................................................................................... 14 Challenging Knowing and Embracing Haunting ........................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER TWO: WARRANTS FOR NEW PERSPECTIVES ................................................................ 20 The Historicization of Gender in Higher Education ................................................................................... 22 What is University Building? ...................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER THREE: SOUTHERN WOMANISM ..................................................................................... 28 Defining Southern Womanism.................................................................................................................... 30 Southern Influences .................................................................................................................................... 32 Catholicism and Education in the South ..................................................................................................... 35 Womanist Influences .................................................................................................................................. 38 Performing Southern Womanism................................................................................................................ 41 Embodying Southern Womanism: Data Collection .................................................................................... 44 Taking the Veil ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Applying Southern Womanism ................................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER FOUR: INTRA-ACTIONS ...................................................................................................... 57 Agential Realist Ontology ........................................................................................................................... 58 Intra-Actions: Drexel and the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament ................................................................. 60 Intra-Actions: Native and African American Communities ....................................................................... 65 Intra-Actions: The Church Hierarchy ......................................................................................................... 70 Continuing On ............................................................................................................................................. 75 CHAPTER FIVE: 5100 MAGAZINE STREET......................................................................................... 77 Black Higher Education in New Orleans ...................................................................................................... 81 Entangled Education: Southern University ................................................................................................. 83 Southern University:Entangled Places? ...................................................................................................... 88 Entangled Spaces ........................................................................................................................................ 93 From Old Southern to Xavier University .................................................................................................... 96 Performing Curriculum in Entangled Spaces .............................................................................................. 99 Commencement ........................................................................................................................................ 101 Continuing On ........................................................................................................................................... 102 CHAPTER SIX: IMPLICATIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND SUMMARY .......................... 106 Challenging the Historiography of Higher Education .............................................................................. 106 American Dream Ideology and Black Higher Education ......................................................................... 109 Implications for the Study of Higher Education ....................................................................................... 113 Fluid versus Static Definitions of Institutional Identity ............................................................................ 114 Conceptions of University Building and Leadership Development as Isolated Processes ....................... 115 Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 116 EPILOGUE: EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY ...................................................................................... 118 iii REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 123 VITA ......................................................................................................................................................... 132 iv LIST OF ARCHIVES AND ABBREVIATIONS New Orleans Archdiocese Archives (NOAA) New Orleans Notarial Archives (NO Notarial Archives) Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament Archives, Bensalem, Pennsylvania (SBS Archives) Xavier University Archives, New Orleans, Louisiana (XULA) v Abstract Historical studies on higher education often utilize traditional historical methods. This practice has produced a body of literature, both historical and contemporary, which has a particular focus on (a) the histories and mythologies of institutions, (b) the individuals who function within the system at the administrative or student levels, and (c) the individuals who have been excluded from the system. Therefore, utilizing southern womanism, a theory developed in this study, I presented primary and secondary historical sources to show that Saint Katharine Drexel, a White Roman Catholic nun, and the university she founded, Xavier University, the first and only Black Catholic university in the United States, have been grossly understudied in the history of higher education. I found that regionalism, anti-Catholicism, racism, and sexism have functioned in a manner for Drexel and the intellectual tradition of the Afro-Catholic community in the New Orleans to be written out of the history of higher education. This is due to the tradition of African American higher education being studied solely through the lens of the Booker T. Washington/W.E.B. DuBois debates which focuses exclusively on the problematics of White male philanthropy and Protestant benevolent societies on curricular development. Saint Katharine Drexel was a present, thoughtful participant whose impact in Black higher education has been woefully understudied.
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