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Interactive Television for Hospital Patients INTERACTIVE TELEVISION FOR HOSPITAL PATIENTS Thesis Submitted to Graduate Engineering & Research School of Engineering UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Science in Electrical Engineering by Scott David Brusaw UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio December 1994 THESIS S5 08835 INTERACTIVE TELEVISION FOR HOSPITAL PATIENTS Approved by: Dana B. Rogers, Ph .Q. Anthony J. Evers Professor Professor Emeritus Committee Chairperson Committee Member Fr&nk A^Sca^ino, Ph.D. Associate—Pfofessor Committee Member Donald L. Moon, Ph.D. Joseph Lestingi, D?^Eng., P.E Associate Dean Dean Graduate Engineering School of Engineering Programs & Research School of Engineering ii © Copyright by Scott David Brusaw All rights reserved 1994 ABSTRACT INTERACTIVE TELEVISION FOR HOSPITAL PATIENTS Name: Brusaw, Scott David University of Dayton, 1994 Advisor: Dr. Dana B. Rogers Hospital grade television sets typically cost in the range of $400-500. Outfitting a hospital with new television sets is a costly endeavor that places a big strain on any hospital administrator's budget. Over the years, hospitals have tried various methods of charging patients for TV usage to help offset this cost. Among others, these methods include: - Using a keylock to disable the power button until the patient pays for the TV. - Using a keyswitch to change tiers, which enables extra channels at an addition cost over the 'free' channels. - Using an external programmer to enable multiple tiers at various charges to the patient. Unfortunately, all of these methods require an attendant to physically enter the room and enable the set. This is both inconvenient and labor costly. A system was needed that would allow a patient to self­ rent the TV, while keeping track of the charges accumulated. iii Any other form of revenue-saving features would only help to promote the system; for example, enabling patients to order meals, answer surveys, and order gift shop items through their television sets would eliminate the costs of printed menus, surveys, and brochures. Many hospitals receive state funds for educating their patients about their particular health conditions or post operative care. This is typically done by placing a TV/VCR combination cart in a patient's room. This method is costly, both in equipment and personnel, and it does not allow for multiple patients with the same health conditions to view the educational film at the same time. Since a television set is already located in the patient's room, the ideal situation would be to use this set in conjunction with a centralized VCR that could play across several television sets simultaneously. The work described in this thesis was performed in response to these problems. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................................................... iii GLOSSARY...................................................... Vi INTRODUCTION................................................... 1 CHAPTER I. NEURON TERMINOLOGY................................ 3 II. THE HARDWARE....................................... 8 The Character Generator..........................10 Memory Problems.................................. 15 Controls.......................................... 20 IR Codes....................... .................. 26 The File Server.................................. 38 III. THE SOFTWARE......................................42 IV. THE PROTOCOL...................................... 69 APPENDICES Appendix A: Schematics................................ 86 Appendix B: Command/Response Packet Format.......... 92 Appendix C: Example Printouts........................ 98 Appendix D: File Transfer Protocol..................103 v GLOSSARY Throughout the thesis, the reader will find italic, bold­ faced words or phrases. The definitions of these words and phrases are found here in the glossary. Barker channel - A channel used specifically for displaying messages for patients. Channel eliminator - A device used to eliminate the signal on a specific channel so that a new signal can be inserted in its place. Channel map - The list of channels that a television may tune to. File server - A single PC containing the patient/television database shared by all Communicator computer terminals at a single hospital site. Frequency agile modulator - a tunable modulator capable of being set for several different television stations. vi Head end equipment - Equipment, generally rack-mountable, normally found at the location in a hospital where the antennae system supplies an RF signal. Equipment can include modulators, channel eliminators, amplifiers, etc. Hospital grade television - A television set, usually large screen (19-20 inch) , designed specifically for hospital usage. The set includes circuitry to interface with a patient's pillow speaker, giving the patient limited control over the TV from his/her bedside. A switch directs the audio to either the TV's speaker or the patient's pillow speaker. Host programmer - A hand-held device supplied with hospital grade television sets used to make adjustments to the set not normally made by the patient. Such adjustments would include the channel map, contrast, brightness, etc. Modulator - A device that converts composite video and audio sources to an NTSC signal for display on a television screen. Neuron C - A scaled down version of the C programming language used to generate code for the Neuron microprocessor. Pillow speaker - a hard-wired remote television controller that includes a speaker. The controls, at a minimum, include power ON/OFF, channel up, and volume control. vii Premium station - A television channel the hospital wishes to charge its patients for viewing. Also referred to as a reserved station. Reserved station - A television channel the hospital wishes to charge its patients for viewing. Also referred to as a premium station. Self-rent - The ability to rent a television set without the help of an attendent. It usually involves a special key sequence. Setback converter - An external television control box. Unlike the integrated (internally mounted Wonder Boards) televisions, the setback converter must include a tuner. The television is then tuned to channel 3 and the external tuner takes over control of the audio/video. VGA-to-NTSC converter - A device that converts the VGA output of a computer to a composite video signal which can then be fed into a modulator for display on a television screen. Voltage supervisor - A device used to cause a reset condition at a microprocessor when the supply voltage level has dropped to a certain level. viii INTRODUCTION The Communicator is a hospital-wide network connecting multiple television sets with multiple computer control terminals and a file server. The television sets are those used by the patients and/or staff, and the computers are used by anyone requiring access to the network. The computers would typically be located at the offices of patient relations, the administrator, dietary, patient education, maintenance, and at the gift shop. The file server, which contains the patient/TV database, is used by all terminals. The circuit board controlling the TV can be located in the television set (an integrated set) or behind the television set (a setback converter) and will be referred to as the Wonder Board throughout the thesis. The Wonder Board is controlled by a microprocessor henceforth referred to as the Neuron Chip. This microprocessor, the MC3150, was designed by the Echelon Corporation and manufactured by Motorola. The Neuron Chip contains three CPUs: two for lower- level communications and a third for the application program. The Communicator system interfaces the many services of the hospital to the patient via the patient's television set. The Communicator services currently include accounting (for TV 1 2 rentals) , patient education tracking, meal ordering, gift shop ordering, surveys, and a complaint channel. All of these features can be accessed voluntarily by the patient, and many of them can be forced upon the patient (such as an educational film). All information such as TV rental charges, patient education viewed, food ordered, survey answers, etc., are kept in memory on the Wonder Board until accessed by one of the remote computer terminals. This information remains with the TV until it is cleared by a terminal. A Beta site for the original Communicator (6803/68HC11 based) system is located at Wishard Memorial Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana. This hospital has approximately 500 television sets online in communication with a single computer CHAPTER I NEURON TERMINOLOGY A Neural Network is any system in which two or more Neuron microprocessors are connected for communications. In the Communicator system, the communications are established via twisted pair or RF. An SLTA (Serial LonTalk Adapter) is located at each Communicator computer terminal. This device connects to a standard serial port and converts RS-232 signals to/from the system's communications medium (RF or twisted pair's Differential Manchester coding). Each Neuron microprocessor is referred to as a node. From this point on, every device in the Communicator system will be referred to as a node. These include television sets, computers (SLTAs), routers, clock modules, and the file server. A router is used to connect branches of nodes in a twisted-pair system. Each router can hold 127 nodes and the routers are linked together in a 'backbone' configuration for supporting the nodes. In order to establish communications, nodes
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