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HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of LIMBOO LANGUAGE.Pdf History and Development of Limboo Language J.R. Subba 54161 jb/+il5 03QO History and Development of Limboo Language Can7—No- 1 '6T [iaie; ^iiuh)+fis J.R. Subba Preface "Sikkim Academi" had given me an assigmnent to contrib ute an article on "History and Development ofLimboo Language" for "Sikkim Academi Jounral". Wliile preparing this article I came across a number of references which I thought to be useful to the readers, but some of these aspects were beyond the scope of acconiodating in this article. In the process, I tliought this text to be published in the booklet form so as to benefit the vast non- limboo readers also. In this text, I have also discussed about Limboo language morphology. Sentence and Grammar, and some suggestion for Limboo Language development activities. f^CC CailW? Dale SirTensung Namgyal (1644-1700) married a Limbuni Queen Thungwa in the Government schools of Sikkim in 1975. Limboo language as a Mukma daughter of Yonyang from Arun Kosi and strengthened his core subject for undergraduate study inthe University ofNorth Bengal kingdom. On the wise advise of Lhatsun Chhempo, he constructed a was started in 2000. The Limboos of Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam Monastry at Sangachiling in 1697 and started Buddhist teaching school and other North Estem States of India speak Panchthare dialect. Other for Lepchas and Limboos (Subba, J.R. 1999). Limboo dialects namely Phedappe, Tammarkhole and Chathare are area specific and mostly spoken only in some areas of Nepal (Royal Nepal Once, Sirijonga Teyongsi started teaching Limboo language and Academy, Kathmandu, 2002). Yuma Mundhum at Hee-Martam, the Limboos stopped going to Sangacholing Monastry as they came to know that they had their own Sirijonga Script: script and religion. This iiritatedthe Thasang Lamas of Pemiongchi and The Limboo language has its own script which is known as they assassinated Teyongsi Sirijonga at the confluence of Kalej Khola Sirijonga script. The Limboo community believe that tlie historical King at Martam in 1741. During this short period, Teyongsi Siiionga revived, Smjonga Hang ofYangwork Garh (882 -925 AD) ofLimbuwana countiy modified the Limboo Scripts ofKing Shijonga and taught the Limboos (Nepal at present), first codified the Limboo language in "Aakaranta" ofWest Sikkim to read and write Sirijonga script. He dedicated his life scripts to educate his illiterate subjects through the teachings of Yuma forthe spread ofthe Limbooscript in SikkimandNepal, andhasbecome religion. His work was continued by his brother the King Yongjonga an inspiration to the entire Limboo communityof the world for revival ^er his death. However, the language development activities during of Limboo language development and promotion work started by the toese two Kings period was limited to writing and reading of the script, SirijongaHang of 9*^ Century (Chemjong, I.S. 1973, Subba, R.B. 1998, pn^ of the codifyer's name the script has been named as Sirijonga J.RSubba 1999). Singh Chemjong in his book titled "Kirant Itilias" Shri P.S.Subba's (APATAN) (1997) view is that "the original Kyfu e^Kmg Sinjonga as early41 &as42inmentions9^ CenturythatA.D.the script(Subba,wasP.S.invented1997). Limboo script codified by the KingSirijongaconsistedof longsounding letters similar to the Tibetan alphabets like ka, k^a, g^a, ta etc. ofKing Sirijonga, his incarnate Teyongsi and in order to make letters short sounded, one had to add a vowel Of Yangrupthmn Sinam, symbol 'amma'. This indicates that the script had its origin in Tibet or was influenced by the Tibetan script. Another peculiarity of the script Sikkim. via Ch ^ disciples came to Hee-Martam, West was that it consisted of only 20 big letters and 10 small letters (half """" sounded letters) then, during the time of Sirijonga the King. In contrast, t 199gy 8^ Sikkmi (Chemjong, I.S. 1973, Subba, R.B. the Teyongsi Sirijonga alphabets have been modified to consist of 31 In 1642, a Trit)aTtit» a big and 11 small letters. In the original 9^' Century alphabets, a few signed between the Bhut^ of "Lho-Men-Tsong-Sum" was letters took two sounds as per the consistency in the sentence and to have one destiny and (Limboo) and had pledge therefore, probably there were less letters in the alphabets then. The Consequently^ (hg p. countiy, oiie King flud OUe adminisU'ation. basic reason whythetwoSirijongas may have hadtodiffer inthenumber § ofalphabets is probably due to the difference intheir approach to solving ^•0. Tfien, Sir Ph (Gl'eater Sikkim) came to existence in 1642 the peculiar characteristics of the syllable when two words are joined the first ChyoevalT^-'^^^^^^^^pmtual and Temporal-King)1670)ofwasSikkim.consecratedThe Kii^Sas SirTensung Namgyal (1644-1700) married a Limbuni Queen Thungwa in the Government schools of Sikkim in 1975. Limboo language as a Mukma daughter of Yonyang from Arun Kosi and strengthened his core subject for undergraduate study inthe University ofNorth Bengal kingdom. On the wise advise of Lhatsun Chhempo, he constructed a was started in 2000. The Limboos of Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam Monastry at Sangachiling in 1697 and started Buddhist teaching school and other North Estem States of India speak Panchthare dialect. Other for Lepchas and Limboos (Subba, J.R. 1999). Limboo dialects namely Phedappe, Tammarkhole and Chathare are area specific and mostly spoken only in some areas of Nepal (Royal Nepal Once, Sirijonga Teyongsi started teaching Limboo language and Academy, Kathmandu, 2002). Yuma Mundhum at Hee-Martam, the Limboos stopped going to Sangacholing Monastry as they came to know that they had their own Sirijonga Script: script and religion. This iiritatedthe Thasang Lamas of Pemiongchi and The Limboo language has its own script which is known as they assassinated Teyongsi Sirijonga at the confluence of Kalej Khola Sirijonga script. The Limboo community believe that tlie historical King at Martam in 1741. During this short period, Teyongsi Siiionga revived, Smjonga Hang ofYangwork Garh (882 -925 AD) ofLimbuwana countiy modified the Limboo Scripts ofKing Shijonga and taught the Limboos (Nepal at present), first codified the Limboo language in "Aakaranta" ofWest Sikkim to read and write Sirijonga script. He dedicated his life scripts to educate his illiterate subjects through the teachings of Yuma forthe spread ofthe Limbooscript in SikkimandNepal, andhasbecome religion. His work was continued by his brother the King Yongjonga an inspiration to the entire Limboo communityof the world for revival ^er his death. However, the language development activities during of Limboo language development and promotion work started by the toese two Kings period was limited to writing and reading of the script, SirijongaHang of 9*^ Century (Chemjong, I.S. 1973, Subba, R.B. 1998, pn^ of the codifyer's name the script has been named as Sirijonga J.RSubba 1999). Singh Chemjong in his book titled "Kirant Itilias" Shri P.S.Subba's (APATAN) (1997) view is that "the original Kyfu e^Kmg Sinjonga as early41 &as42inmentions9^ CenturythatA.D.the script(Subba,wasP.S.invented1997). Limboo script codified by the KingSirijongaconsistedof longsounding letters similar to the Tibetan alphabets like ka, k^a, g^a, ta etc. ofKing Sirijonga, his incarnate Teyongsi and in order to make letters short sounded, one had to add a vowel Of Yangrupthmn Sinam, symbol 'amma'. This indicates that the script had its origin in Tibet or was influenced by the Tibetan script. Another peculiarity of the script Sikkim. via Ch ^ disciples came to Hee-Martam, West was that it consisted of only 20 big letters and 10 small letters (half """" sounded letters) then, during the time of Sirijonga the King. In contrast, t 199gy 8^ Sikkmi (Chemjong, I.S. 1973, Subba, R.B. the Teyongsi Sirijonga alphabets have been modified to consist of 31 In 1642, a Trit)aTtit» a big and 11 small letters. In the original 9^' Century alphabets, a few signed between the Bhut^ of "Lho-Men-Tsong-Sum" was letters took two sounds as per the consistency in the sentence and to have one destiny and (Limboo) and had pledge therefore, probably there were less letters in the alphabets then. The Consequently^ (hg p. countiy, oiie King flud OUe adminisU'ation. basic reason whythetwoSirijongas may have hadtodiffer inthenumber § ofalphabets is probably due to the difference intheir approach to solving ^•0. Tfien, Sir Ph (Gl'eater Sikkim) came to existence in 1642 the peculiar characteristics of the syllable when two words are joined the first ChyoevalT^-'^^^^^^^^pmtual and Temporal-King)1670)ofwasSikkim.consecratedThe Kii^Sas Limboo primary book ofChemjong and distributed through Pahal Singh deputed to assist Shri B.B.Subba toprepare Limboo Language Textbooks. Phendua, Harsha Prasad Nembang, Kama Bahadur Toppabung, Padam This was indeed a great landmark in the history of Limboo Language Bahadur Limboo and Prem Singh Setling. In 1969, Ganesh Bahadur Development. This also marks thebeginning ofwriting formal textbook Thangsvhang son ofJahammn established a Limboo Library at Yangnam of Limboo language in Sikkim (Subba, J.R. 1999). \^Uage of Panthar. Sher Bahadur Ingnam also established a Limboo Library at Attrai, Panchthar and disseminated Limboo language and In 1979, the second Assembly election ofSikkim as 22"^^ State of India was held. This assembly election was of paramount importance hteraturte (Chemjong, 1956, '73). because oftlie fact thatfor the first time four Limboo candidates contested In 1969, Gandhi Centenary was observed throughout India- from one single political party and thiee of them had been elected. With Sikkim also observed the Centenary at Gangtok with great enthusiasm the unconditional support of the Limboo Community of Sikkim, Shri as it was recently merged in the Indian Union. It was decided to organize Nar Bahadur Bhandari own 17 seat out of 32 and formed a popular an essay competition in Enghsh, Hindi, Nepali, Tibetan, Lepcha and democratic Government. By the end of1979,the pubUcation of Limboo Limboo.
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