For other people named Michael Jordan, see Michael Associated Press's list of athletes of the century. Jordan Jordan (disambiguation). is a two-time inductee into the Hall of Fame, having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career, Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 men’s Olympic basketball team (“The known by his initials, MJ,[1] is an American former pro- fessional basketball player. He is also a businessman, and Dream Team”). principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets. Jordan is also known for his product endorsements. He Jordan played 15 seasons in the National Basketball As- fueled the success of Nike’s sneakers, which sociation (NBA) for the Bulls and Washington were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today.[5] Wizards. His biography on the NBA website states: “By Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film as acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball himself. In 2006, he became part-owner and head of bas- player of all time.”[2] Jordan was one of the most effec- ketball operations for the then-Charlotte Bobcats, buying tively marketed athletes of his generation and was con- controlling interest in 2010. In 2015, Jordan became the sidered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the first NBA player in history to become a billionaire. world in the 1980s and 1990s.[3] After a three-season stint at the University of North Car- olina, where he was a member of the Tar Heels’ national 1 Early years championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA’s in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of De- star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His loris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from Jordan, Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler.[6] nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older players in basketball.[4] In 1991, he won his first NBA brothers, Larry Jordan and James R. Jordan, Jr., one older championship with the Bulls, and followed that achieve- sister, Deloris, and a younger sister, Roslyn. Jordan’s ment with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three- brother James retired in 2006 as the Command Sergeant peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball Major of the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne [7] before the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pur- Corps in the U.S. Army. sue a career in baseball, he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as an NBA-record 72 2 High school regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in January 1999, but returned Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilm- for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a mem- ington, where he anchored his athletic career by playing ber of the Wizards. baseball, football, and basketball. He tried out for the Jordan’s individual accolades and accomplishments in- varsity basketball team during his sophomore year, but at clude five Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten All- 5'11” (1.80 m), he was deemed too short to play at that NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First level. His taller friend, Harvest Leroy Smith, was the only Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, sophomore to make the team.[8] three All-Star Game MVP Awards, ten scoring titles, Motivated to prove his worth, Jordan became the star of three steals titles, six NBA Finals MVP Awards, and the Laney’s junior varsity squad, and tallied several 40- 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. Among games.[8] The following summer, he grew four inches (10 his numerous accomplishments, Jordan holds the NBA cm)[2] and trained rigorously. Upon earning a spot on the records for highest career regular season scoring average varsity roster, Jordan averaged about 20 points per game (30.12 points per game) and highest career playoff scor- over his final two seasons of high school play.[9][10] As a ing average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was senior, he was selected to the McDonald’s All-American named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th Team[11] after averaging a triple-double: 29.2 points, century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the 11.6 rebounds, and 10.1 assists.[12]

1 2 4 PROFESSIONAL CAREER

As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team-oriented sys- tem, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year af- ter he averaged 13.4 points per game (ppg) on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage).[15] He made the game- winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing.[2] Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career.[16] Dur- ing his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg).[9] He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All- American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after () and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a .[17] However, the Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center, but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan, in part because Portland already had a guard with similar skills to Jordan, Clyde Drexler.[18] In 2005 ESPN, citing Bowie’s injury-laden Jordan playing for the Laney High School varsity basketball team college career, named the Blazers’ choice of Bowie as the in 1979-80. worst draft pick in North American professional sports history.[19] Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986.[20] Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs, including Duke, North Carolina, South Car- olina, Syracuse, and Virginia.[13] In 1981, Jordan ac- cepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina, where 4 Professional career he majored in cultural geography.[14] 4.1 Early NBA years (1984–1987)

3 College During his first season in the NBA, Jordan averaged 28.2 ppg on 51.5% shooting.[15] He quickly became a fan favorite even in opposing arenas,[21][22][23] and ap- peared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with the head- ing “A Star Is Born” just over a month into his profes- sional career.[24][25] Jordan was also voted in as an All- Star starter by the fans in his rookie season.[2] Contro- versy arose before the All-Star game when word surfaced that several veteran players, led by Isiah Thomas, were upset by the amount of attention Jordan was receiving.[2] This led to a so-called “freeze-out” on Jordan, where play- ers refused to pass him the ball throughout the game.[2] The controversy left Jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play, and he would go on to be voted Rookie of the Year.[26] The Bulls finished the sea- son 38–44,[27] and lost in the first round of the playoffs in four games to the Milwaukee Bucks.[26] Jordan’s second season was cut short by a broken foot in the third game of the season, which caused him to miss 64 games.[2] Despite Jordan’s injury and a 30–52 record (at Michael Jordan’s jersey in the rafters of The Dean Smith Center the time it was fifth worst record of any team to qualify 4.3 First three-peat (1991–1993) 3

for the playoffs in NBA history),[27][28] the Bulls made and New York Knicks along the way. The Cavaliers se- the playoffs. Jordan recovered in time to participate in ries included a career highlight for Jordan when he hit the playoffs and performed well upon his return. Against over Craig Ehlo at the buzzer in the fifth and a 1985–86 Boston Celtics team that is often considered final game of the series.[34] However, the Pistons again one of the greatest in NBA history,[29] Jordan set the still- defeated the Bulls, this time in six games,[26] by utilizing unbroken record for points in a playoff game with 63 in their "" method of guarding Jordan, which Game 2.[30] The Celtics, however, managed to sweep the consisted of double and triple teaming him every time he series.[26] touched the ball.[2] Jordan had recovered completely by the 1986–87 sea- The Bulls entered the 1989–90 season as a team on the son, and had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in rise, with their core group of Jordan and young improv- NBA history. He became the only player other than Wilt ing players like Scottie Pippen and Horace Grant, and Chamberlain to score 3,000 points in a season, averag- under the guidance of new coach Phil Jackson. Jordan ing a league high 37.1 points on 48.2% shooting.[15] In averaged a league leading 33.6 ppg on 52.6% shooting, addition, Jordan demonstrated his defensive prowess, as to go with 6.9 rpg and 6.3 apg[15] in leading the Bulls he became the first player in NBA history to record 200 to a 55–27 record.[27] They again advanced to the East- steals and 100 blocks in a season.[31] Despite Jordan’s ern Conference Finals beating the Bucks and Philadelphia success, won the league’s Most Valu- 76ers. However, despite pushing the series to seven able Player Award. The Bulls reached 40 wins,[27] and games, the Bulls lost to the Pistons for the third consecu- advanced to the playoffs for the third consecutive year. tive season.[26] However, they were again swept by the Celtics.[26]

4.3 First three-peat (1991–1993) 4.2 Pistons roadblock (1987–1990) In the 1990–91 season, Jordan won his second MVP award after averaging 31.5 ppg on 53.9% shooting, 6.0 rpg, and 5.5 apg for the regular season.[15] The Bulls fin- ished in first place in their division for the first time in 16 years and set a franchise record with 61 wins in the reg- ular season.[27] With Scottie Pippen developing into an All-Star, the Bulls had elevated their play. The Bulls de- feated the New York Knicks and the in the opening two rounds of the playoffs. They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals where their rival, the , awaited them. However, this time the Bulls beat the Pistons in a four-game sweep.[35][36] In an unusual ending to the fourth and final game, Isiah Thomas led his team off the court before the final seconds had con- cluded. Most of the Pistons went directly to their locker room instead of shaking hands with the Bulls.[37][38] Jordan (center) in 1987 The Bulls advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history to face Magic Johnson and James Wor- Jordan led the league in scoring again in the 1987–88 thy and beat the four games to one, season, averaging 35.0 ppg on 53.5% shooting[15] and compiling an outstanding 15–2 playoff record along the won his first league MVP Award. He was also named way.[35] Perhaps the best known moment of the series the Defensive Player of the Year, as he had averaged 1.6 came in Game 2 when, attempting a dunk, Jordan avoided blocks and a league high 3.16 steals per game.[32] The a potential Sam Perkins by switching the ball from Bulls finished 50–32,[27] and made it out of the first round his right hand to his left in mid-air to lay the shot in.[39] In of the playoffs for the first time in Jordan’s career, as they his first Finals appearance, Jordan posted per game aver- defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games.[33] How- ages of 31.2 points on 56% shooting from the field, 11.4 ever, the Bulls then lost in five games to the more experi- assists, 6.6 rebounds, 2.8 steals and 1.4 blocks.[40] Jordan enced Detroit Pistons,[26] who were led by Isiah Thomas won his first NBA Finals MVP award,[41] and he cried and a group of physical players known as the "Bad Boys". while holding the NBA Finals trophy.[42] In the 1988–89 season, Jordan again led the league in Jordan and the Bulls continued their dominance in the scoring, averaging 32.5 ppg on 53.8% shooting from the 1991–92 season, establishing a 67–15 record, topping field, along with 8 rpg and 8 assists per game (apg).[15] their franchise record from 1990 to 91.[27] Jordan won The Bulls finished with a 47–35 record,[27] and advanced his second consecutive MVP award with averages of 30.1 to the Eastern Conference Finals, defeating the Cavaliers points, 6.4 rebounds and 6.1 assists per game on 52% 4 4 PROFESSIONAL CAREER shooting.[32] After winning a physical 7-game series over 4.4 First retirement and baseball career the New York Knicks in the second round of the play- (1993–1994) offs and finishing off the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Con- ference Finals in 6 games, the Bulls met Clyde Drexler and the Portland Trail Blazers in the Finals. The media, hoping to recreate a Magic–Bird rivalry, highlighted the similarities between “Air” Jordan and Clyde “The Glide” during the pre-Finals hype.[43] In the first game, Jordan scored a Finals-record 35 points in the first half, includ- ing a record-setting six three-point field goals.[44] After the sixth three-pointer, he jogged down the court shrug- ging as he looked courtside. Marv Albert, who broadcast the game, later stated that it was as if Jordan was saying, “I can't believe I'm doing this.”[45] The Bulls went on to win Game 1, and defeat the Blazers in six games. Jordan was named Finals MVP for the second year in a row[41] and finished the series averaging 35.8 ppg, 4.8 rpg, and 6.5 apg, while shooting 53% from the floor.[41] In the 1992–93 season, despite a 32.6 ppg, 6.7 rpg and 5.5 apg campaign,[32] Jordan’s streak of consecu- tive MVP seasons ended as he lost the award to his friend . Coincidentally, Jordan and the Michael Jordan while playing with the Scottsdale Scorpions Bulls met Barkley and his Phoenix Suns in the 1993 NBA Finals. The Bulls won their third NBA champi- On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, onship on a game-winning shot by John Paxson and a citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated last-second block by Horace Grant, but Jordan was once that the murder of his father earlier in the year also shaped again Chicago’s leader. He averaged a Finals-record 41.0 his decision.[51] Jordan’s father was murdered on July 23, [46] ppg during the six-game series, and became the first 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Car- player in NBA history to win three straight Finals MVP olina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin [41] awards. He scored more than 30 points in every game Demery. The assailants were traced from calls they made of the series, including 40 or more points in 4 consecu- on James Jordan’s cellular phone,[52] caught, convicted, tive games. With his third Finals triumph, Jordan capped and sentenced to life in prison. Jordan was close to his off a seven-year run where he attained seven scoring ti- father; as a child he had imitated his father’s proclivity tles and three championships, but there were signs that to stick out his tongue while absorbed in work. He later Jordan was tiring of his massive celebrity and all of the adopted it as his own signature, displaying it each time he [47] non-basketball hassles in his life. drove to the basket.[2] In 1996, he founded a Chicago area Boys & Girls Club and dedicated it to his father.[53][54] In his 1998 autobiography For the Love of the Game, Jor- 4.3.1 Gambling controversy dan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992.[55] The added exhaustion During the Bulls’ playoff run in 1993, controversy arose due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics so- when Jordan was seen gambling in Atlantic City, New lidified Jordan’s feelings about the game and his ever- Jersey, the night before a game against the New York growing celebrity status. Jordan’s announcement sent [48] shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the Knicks. In that same year, he admitted to having to [56] cover $57,000 in gambling losses,[49] and author Richard front pages of newspapers around the world. Esquinas wrote a book claiming he had won $1.25 mil- Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing lion from Jordan on the course.[49] In 2005, Jordan a minor league baseball contract with the Chicago White talked to Ed Bradley of the CBS evening show 60 Min- Sox on February 7, 1994.[57] He reported to spring train- utes about his gambling and admitted that he made some ing in Sarasota, Florida, and was assigned to the team’s reckless decisions. Jordan stated, “Yeah, I've gotten my- minor league system on March 31, 1994.[58] Jordan has self into situations where I would not walk away and I've stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his pushed the envelope. Is that compulsive? Yeah, it de- late father, who had always envisioned his son as a Major pends on how you look at it. If you're willing to jeop- League Baseball player.[59] The White Sox were another ardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah.”[50] team owned by Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf, who con- When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the tinued to honor Jordan’s basketball contract during the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan years he played baseball.[60] In 1994, Jordan played for replied, “No.”[50] the Birmingham Barons, a Double-A minor league affil- 4.6 Second three-peat (1995–1998) 5

iate of the Chicago White Sox, batting .202 with three the Bulls dominated the league, starting the season 41– home runs, 51 runs batted in, 30 stolen bases, and 11 3,[72] and eventually finishing with the best regular season errors.[10] He also appeared for the Scottsdale Scorpions record in NBA history: 72–10.[29] Jordan led the league in the 1994 Arizona Fall League, batting .252 against the in scoring with 30.4 ppg,[73] and won the league’s regular top prospects in baseball.[61] On November 1, 1994, his season and All-Star Game MVP awards.[2] In the play- number 23 was retired by the Bulls in a ceremony that offs, the Bulls lost only three games in four series, defeat- included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as ing the Seattle SuperSonics in the NBA Finals to win their The Spirit outside the new United Center.[62][63][64] fourth championship. Jordan was named Finals MVP for a record fourth time,[41] surpassing Magic Johnson's three Finals MVP awards. He also achieved only the second 4.5 “I'm back": Return to the NBA (1995) sweep of the MVP Awards in the All-Star Game, regu- lar season and NBA Finals, Willis Reed having achieved In the 1993–94 season, the Bulls, without Jordan, the first, during the 1969–70 season.[26] Because this was achieved a 55–27 record,[27] and lost to the New York Jordan’s first championship since his father’s murder, and Knicks in the second round of the playoffs. But the 1994– it was won on Father’s Day, Jordan reacted very emotion- 95 Bulls were a shell of the championship team of just ally upon winning the title, including a memorable scene two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a of him crying on the locker room floor with the game spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in ball.[2][42] mid-March.[65] The team received help, however, when In the 1996–97 season, the Bulls started out 69–11, but Jordan decided to return to the NBA for the Bulls. narrowly missed out on a second consecutive 70-win sea- In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to son by losing their final two games to finish 69–13.[74] the ongoing Major League Baseball strike, as he wanted However, this year Jordan was beaten for the NBA MVP to avoid becoming a potential replacement player.[66] On Award by . The Bulls again advanced to the March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA Finals, where they faced Malone and the . The through a two-word press release: “I'm back.”[2] The next series against the Jazz featured two of the more memo- day, Jordan wore jersey number 45 (his number with the rable clutch moments of Jordan’s career. He won Game Barons), as his familiar 23 had been retired in his honor 1 for the Bulls with a buzzer-beating jump shot. In Game following his first retirement. He took to the court with 5, with the series tied at 2, Jordan played despite be- the Bulls to face the Indiana Pacers in Indianapolis, scor- ing feverish and dehydrated from a stomach virus. In ing 19 points.[67] The game had the highest Nielsen rating what is known as the "Flu Game", Jordan scored 38 of a regular season NBA game since 1975.[68] points, including the game-deciding 3-pointer with 25 [75] Although he had not played an NBA game in a year seconds remaining. The Bulls won 90–88 and went on [74] and a half, Jordan played well upon his return, making to win the series in six games. For the fifth time in a game-winning jump shot against Atlanta in his fourth as many Finals appearances, Jordan received the Finals [41] game back. He then scored 55 points in the next game MVP award. During the 1997 NBA All-Star Game, against the Knicks at Madison Square Garden on March Jordan posted the first triple double in All-Star Game his- 28, 1995.[26] Boosted by Jordan’s comeback, the Bulls tory in a victorious effort; however, he did not receive the went 13–4 to make the playoffs and advanced to the East- MVP award. ern Conference Semifinals against the . At Jordan and the Bulls compiled a 62–20 record in the the end of Game 1, Orlando’s Nick Anderson stripped 1997–98 season.[27] Jordan led the league with 28.7 Jordan from behind, leading to the game-winning bas- points per game,[32] securing his fifth regular-season ket for the Magic; he would later comment that Jordan MVP award, plus honors for All-NBA First Team, First “didn't look like the old Michael Jordan”[69] and that “No. Defensive Team and the All-Star Game MVP.[2] The 45 doesn't explode like No. 23 used to.” Jordan then Bulls won the Eastern Conference Championship for a returned to wearing his old number in the next game, third straight season, including surviving a grueling seven- scoring 38 points in a Bulls win. The Bulls were fined game series with Reggie Miller's Indiana Pacers in the $30,000 for the game: $25,000 for failing to report the Eastern Conference Finals; it was the first time Jordan impromptu number change to the NBA and $5,000 for had played in a Game 7 since the 1992 series with the Jordan wearing different shoes.[70] Jordan averaged 31 Knicks. After winning, they moved on for a rematch with points per game in the series, but Orlando won the series the Jazz in the Finals. in 6 games.[9] The Bulls returned to the Delta Center for Game 6 on June 14, 1998, leading the series 3–2. Jordan executed a 4.6 Second three-peat (1995–1998) series of plays, considered to be one of the greatest clutch performances in NBA Finals history.[76] With the Bulls Freshly motivated by the playoff defeat, Jordan trained trailing 86–83 with 41.9 seconds remaining, Phil Jack- aggressively for the 1995–96 season.[71] Strengthened son called a timeout. When play resumed, Jordan re- by the addition of specialist , ceived the inbound pass, drove to the basket, and hit a 6 4 PROFESSIONAL CAREER

Plaque at the United Center chronicling Jordan’s career achieve- ments.

lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999. On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and President of Basketball Op- erations for the Washington Wizards.[83] Jordan’s respon- Jordan with coach Phil Jackson in 1997 sibilities with the Wizards were comprehensive. He con- trolled all aspects of the Wizards’ basketball operations, and had the final say in all personnel matters. Opinions shot over several Jazz defenders, cutting the Utah lead to [84][85] 86–85.[76] The Jazz brought the ball upcourt and passed of Jordan as a basketball executive were mixed. He the ball to forward Karl Malone, who was set up in the low managed to purge the team of several highly paid, unpop- ular players (such as forward Juwan Howard and point post and was being guarded by Rodman. Malone jostled [86][87] with Rodman and caught the pass, but Jordan cut behind guard Rod Strickland), but used the first pick in the him and stole the ball out of his hands for a .[76] Jor- 2001 NBA draft to select high schooler Kwame Brown, who did not live up to expectations and was traded away dan then slowly dribbled down the court and paused at [84][88] the top of the key, eyeing his defender, Jazz guard Bryon after four seasons. Russell. With 10 seconds remaining, Jordan started to Despite his January 1999 claim that he was “99.9% cer- dribble right, then crossed over to his left, possibly push- tain” that he would never play another NBA game,[42] ing off Russell,[77][78][79] although the officials did not call in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in a foul. With 5.2 seconds left, Jordan gave Chicago an 87– making another comeback,[89][90] this time with his new 86 lead by making the climactic jump shot of his career. team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend After John Stockton missed a desperation three-pointer, Mario Lemieux the previous winter,[91] Jordan spent Jordan and the Bulls won their sixth NBA championship, much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, and secured a second three-peat. Once again, Jordan was holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players voted the Finals MVP,[41] having led all scorers by aver- in Chicago.[92] In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago aging 33.5 points per game, including 45 in the decid- Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington’s coach ing Game 6.[80] Jordan’s six Finals MVPs is a record; for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as Shaquille O'Neal, Magic Johnson, and are foreshadowing another Jordan return.[89][90] tied for second place with three apiece.[41] The 1998 Fi- nals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history, and Game 6 holds the highest television rating 4.8 Washington Wizards comeback (2001– of any game in NBA history.[81][82] 2003)

On September 25, 2001, Jordan announced his return to 4.7 Second retirement (1999–2001) the NBA to play for the Washington Wizards, indicat- ing his intention to donate his salary as a player to a re- With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending depar- lief effort for the victims of the September 11, 2001 at- tures of Scottie Pippen (who stated his desire to be traded tacks.[93][94] In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led during the offseason) and Dennis Rodman (who would the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals sign with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent) loom- (1.42 spg).[2] However, torn cartilage in his right knee ing, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced ended Jordan’s season after only 60 games, the fewest he 7

up under great public pressure.[104] Jordan’s final NBA game was on April 16, 2003 in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and with his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of the fourth quarter, the First Union Center crowd began chant- ing “We want Mike!". After much encouragement from coach Doug Collins, Jordan finally rose from the bench and re-entered the game, replacing Larry Hughes with 2:35 remaining. At 1:45, Jordan was intentionally fouled by the 76ers’ Eric Snow, and stepped to the line to make both free throws. After the second foul shot, the 76ers in- Jordan as a member of the Washington Wizards on April 14, bounded the ball to rookie John Salmons, who in turn was 2003 intentionally fouled by Bobby Simmons one second later, stopping time so that Jordan could return to the bench. Jordan received a three-minute standing ovation from his had played in a regular season since playing 17 games af- teammates, his opponents, the officials and the crowd of [105] ter returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 21,257 fans. season.[15] Jordan started 53 of his 60 games for the sea- son, averaging 24.3 points, 5.4 assists, and 6.0 rebounds, and shooting 41.9% from the field in his 53 starts. His last seven appearances were in a reserve role, in which he 5 Olympic career averaged just over 20 minutes per game.[95] Playing in his 14th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2003, Jordan passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time lead- ing scorer in All-Star Game history (a record since bro- ken by Kobe Bryant).[96] That year, Jordan was the only Washington player to play in all 82 games, starting in 67 of them. He averaged 20.0 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game.[2] He also shot 45% from the field, and 82% from the free throw line.[2] Even though he turned 40 during the season, he scored 20 or more points 42 times, 30 or more points nine times, and 40 or more points three times.[26] On February 21, 2003, Jordan became the first 40-year-old to tally 43 points in an NBA game.[97] During his stint with the Wizards, all of Jordan’s home games at the MCI Center were sold out, and the Wizards were the second most-watched team Jordan on the “Dream Team” in 1992 in the NBA, averaging 20,172 fans a game at home and 19,311 on the road.[98] However, neither of Jordan’s fi- Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning nal two seasons resulted in a playoff appearance for the American basketball teams. As a college player he partic- Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play ipated, and won the gold, in the 1984 Summer Olympics. of those around him.[99][100] At several points he openly The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured play- criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of ers such as Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft Steve Alford, and Wayman Tisdale. Jordan led the team pick in the 2001 NBA draft, Kwame Brown.[99][100] in scoring, averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament.[106] With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan’s In the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was a member of the final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the star-studded squad that included Magic Johnson, Larry NBA. In his final game at his old home court, the United Bird, and and was dubbed the "Dream Center in Chicago, Jordan received a four-minute stand- Team". Jordan was the only player to start all 8 games ing ovation.[101] The Miami Heat retired the number in the Olympics. Playing limited minutes due to the 23 jersey on April 11, 2003, even though Jordan never frequent blowouts, Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg,[107] finish- played for the team.[102] At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jor- ing second on the team in scoring.[108] Jordan and fellow dan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Dream Team members Patrick Ewing and Chris Mullin Allen Iverson,[103] but refused both. In the end he ac- are the only American men’s basketball players to win cepted the spot of Vince Carter, who decided to give it Olympic gold as amateurs and professionals.[106][107] 8 7 PLAYER PROFILE

6 Post-retirement Hornets, but talks collapsed when owner George Shinn refused to give Jordan complete control of basketball operations.[117] In February 2010, it was reported that Jordan was seek- ing majority ownership of the Bobcats.[118] As Febru- ary wore on, it emerged that the leading contenders for the team were Jordan and former Houston Rockets pres- ident George Postolos. On February 27, the Bobcats an- nounced that Johnson had reached an agreement with Jor- dan and his group, MJ Basketball Holdings, to buy the team pending NBA approval.[119] On March 17, the NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved Jordan’s pur- chase, making him the first former player ever to become the majority owner of an NBA team.[120] It also made him the league’s only African-American majority owner.[121] Jordan on a golf course in 2007 During the 2011 NBA lockout, The New York Times wrote that Jordan led a group of 10 to 14 hardline owners After his third retirement, Jordan assumed that he would wanting to cap the players’ share of basketball-related in- be able to return to his front office position of Director come at 50 percent and as low as 47. Journalists observed of Basketball Operations with the Wizards.[109] However, that, during the labor dispute in 1998, Jordan had told his previous tenure in the Wizards’ front office had pro- Washington Wizards then-owner Abe Pollin, “If you can't duced the aforementioned mixed results and may have make a profit, you should sell your team.”[122] Jason Whit- also influenced the trade of Richard “Rip” Hamilton for lock of FoxSports.com called Jordan a “sellout” wanting Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically “current players to pay for his incompetence.”[123] He Director of Basketball Operations in 2002).[84] On May cited Jordan’s executive decisions to draft disappointing 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as Wash- players Kwame Brown and Adam Morrison.[123] ington’s President of Basketball Operations.[84] Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he knew he During the 2011–12 NBA season, which was shortened to would be fired upon retiring he never would have come 66 games, the Bobcats posted a 7–59 record. Their .106 back to play for the Wizards.[50] winning percentage was the worst in NBA history.[124] “I'm not real happy about the record book scenario last Jordan kept busy over the next few years by staying year. It’s very, very frustrating,” Jordan said later that in shape, playing golf in celebrity charity tournaments, year.[125] spending time with his family in Chicago, promoting his Jordan Brand clothing line, and riding motorcycles.[110] On May 21, 2013, Jordan filed papers to change the Bob- Since 2004, Jordan has owned Michael Jordan Motor- cats’ name to the Hornets, effective with the 2014–15 sports, a professional closed-course motorcycle road rac- season. The Hornets name had become available when ing team that competes with two Suzukis in the premier the original Hornets, who had moved to New Orleans Superbike championship sanctioned by the American in 2002, changed their name to the New Orleans Peli- Motorcyclist Association (AMA).[111][112] Jordan and his cans for the 2013–14 season.[126] The NBA approved the then-wife Juanita pledged $5 million to Chicago’s Hales change on July 18.[127] The name change became official Franciscan High School in 2006,[113] and the Jordan on May 20, 2014. On the same day, the team announced Brand has made donations to Habitat for Humanity and that it had reclaimed the history and records of the origi- a Louisiana branch of the Boys & Girls Clubs of Amer- nal 1988–2002 Hornets.[128] ica.[114]

6.1 Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets 7 Player profile

On June 15, 2006, Jordan bought a minority stake in the Jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of Charlotte Bobcats, becoming the team’s second-largest playing as a small forward (the position he would pri- shareholder behind majority owner Robert L. Johnson. marily play during his second return to professional bas- As part of the deal, Jordan took full control over the bas- ketball with the Washington Wizards), and as a point ketball side of the operation, with the title “Managing guard.[9] Jordan was known throughout his career for be- Member of Basketball Operations.”[115] Despite Jordan’s ing a strong clutch performer. With the Bulls, he de- previous success as an endorser, he has made an effort not cided 25 games with field goals or free throws in the last to be included in Charlotte’s marketing campaigns.[116] A 30 seconds, including two NBA Finals games and five decade earlier, Jordan had made a bid to become part- other playoff contests.[129] His competitiveness was vis- owner of Charlotte’s original NBA team, the Charlotte ible in his prolific trash-talk[130] and well-known work 9

his 3-point stroke developed from a low 9/52 rate (.173) in his rookie year into a stellar 111/260 (.427) shooter in the 1995–96 season.[15] For a guard, Jordan was also a good rebounder (6.2 per game).[15] In 1988, Jordan was honored with the NBA’s Defen- sive Player of the Year Award and became the first NBA player to win both the Defensive Player of the Year and MVP awards in a career (since equaled by Hakeem Ola- juwon, David Robinson, and Kevin Garnett; Olajuwon is the only player other than Jordan to win both during the same season). In addition he set both seasonal and career records for blocked shots by a guard,[140] and combined this with his ball-thieving ability to become a standout defensive player. He ranks third in NBA history in to- tal steals with 2,514, trailing John Stockton and Jason Kidd.[141] Jerry West often stated that he was more im- pressed with Jordan’s defensive contributions than his of- fensive ones.[142] He was also known to have strong eye- sight; broadcaster Al Michaels said that he was able to read baseball box scores on a 27-inch television clearly from about 50 feet away.[143]

8 NBA career statistics Jordan goes to the basket for a score in 1997.

For a comprehensive listing of Jordan’s statis- ethic.[131][132] As the Bulls organization built the fran- tics, see List of career achievements by Michael chise around Jordan, management had to trade away play- Jordan ers who were not “tough enough” to compete with him in practice. To help improve his defense, he spent extra hours studying film of opponents. On offense, he relied 8.1 Regular season more upon instinct and improvisation at game time.[133] Noted as a durable player, Jordan did not miss four or 8.2 Playoffs more games while active for a full season from 1986– 87 to 2001–02, when he injured his right knee.[9][134] He played all 82 games nine times. Jordan has frequently 9 Legacy cited David Thompson, Walter Davis, and Jerry West as influences.[135][136] From the start of his career, Jordan Jordan’s basketball talent was clear from his rookie was unique among NBA players in that he had a spe- season.[21][23] In his first game in Madison Square Gar- cial “Love of the Game Clause” written into his contract, den against the New York Knicks, Jordan received a which allowed him to play basketball against anyone at prolonged standing ovation,[23] a rarity for an opposing anytime, anywhere.[137] player. After Jordan scored a playoff record 63 points Jordan had a versatile offensive game. He was capable against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Celtics star Larry Bird described him as “God disguised as Michael of aggressively driving to the basket, as well as drawing [30] fouls from his opponents at a high rate; his 8,772 free Jordan.” throw attempts are the ninth-highest total of all time.[138] Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA As his career progressed, Jordan also developed the abil- record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven con- ity to post up his opponents and score with his trademark secutive scoring titles.[2] He was also a fixture on the NBA fadeaway jump shot, using his leaping ability to “fade All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times away” from block attempts. According to Hubie Brown, (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett this move alone made him nearly unstoppable.[139] De- and Kobe Bryant).[144] Jordan also holds the top career spite media criticism as a “selfish” player early in his ca- regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and reer, Jordan’s 5.3 assists per game[15] also indicate his 33.4 points per game,[2] respectively. By 1998, the sea- willingness to defer to his teammates. In later years, son of his Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was the NBA shortened its three-point line to 22 feet (from well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. 23 feet, 9 inches), which coupled with Jordan’s extended In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls’ primary threat shooting range to make him a long-range threat as well— in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs, 10 10 PERSONAL LIFE

Jordan would always demand the ball at crunch time.[145] really publicized.[154] Jordan’s total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the high- [146] est in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in Although Jordan has done much to increase the status of [147] regular season play, placing him fourth on the NBA’s the game, some of his impact on the game’s popularity all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl in America appears to be fleeting.[161][162] Television rat- [147] Malone, and Kobe Bryant. ings in particular increased only during his time in the With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place league and have subsequently lowered each time he left with Bill Russell; only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has won the game.[161][162] more, six), six Finals MVPs (NBA record), and three All- In August 2009, the Basketball Hall of Fame in Star MVPs, Jordan is the most decorated player ever to Springfield, Massachusetts, opened a Michael Jordan ex- play in the NBA. Jordan finished among the top three in hibit containing items from his college and NBA careers, regular-season MVP voting a record 10 times, and was as well as from the 1992 “Dream Team”. The exhibit named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in also has a batting glove to signify Jordan’s short career 1996. He is one of only seven players in history to win in baseball.[163] After Jordan received word of his be- an NCAA championship, an NBA championship, and an ing accepted into the Hall of Fame, he selected Class of Olympic gold medal (doing so twice with the 1984 and 1996 member David Thompson to present him.[164] As [148] 1992 U.S. men’s basketball teams). Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in “There’s Michael Jordan and then there is the rest of us.” September 2009, growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels, and greatly admired Thomp- —Magic Johnson[2] son, who played at rival North Carolina State. He was inducted into the Hall in September, with several former Many of Jordan’s contemporaries label Jordan as the Bulls teammates in attendance, including Scottie Pip- greatest basketball player of all time.[142] An ESPN pen, Dennis Rodman, Charles Oakley, Ron Harper, Steve survey of journalists, athletes and other sports figures Kerr, and Toni Kukoc.[165] Former coaches of Jordan’s, ranked Jordan the greatest North American athlete of the Dean Smith and Doug Collins, were also among those 20th century, above such luminaries as Babe Ruth and present. .[149] Jordan placed second to Babe Ruth in the Associated Press's list of 20th century athletes.[150] In addition, the Associated Press voted him as the bas- 10 Personal life ketball player of the 20th century.[151] Jordan has also ap- peared on the front cover of Sports Illustrated a record 50 times.[152] In the September 1996 issue of Sport, which was the publication’s 50th anniversary issue, Jordan was named the greatest athlete of the past 50 years.[153] Jordan’s athletic leaping ability, highlighted in his back- to-back slam dunk contest championships in 1987 and 1988, is credited by many with having influenced a gener- ation of young players.[154][155] Several current NBA All- Stars have stated that they considered Jordan their role model while growing up, including LeBron James[156] and Dwyane Wade.[157] In addition, commentators have dubbed a number of next-generation players “the next Michael Jordan” upon their entry to the NBA, including Anfernee “Penny” Hardaway, , Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, LeBron James, Vince Carter, and Dwyane Wade.[158][159][160] Although Jordan was a well-rounded player, his “Air Jordan” image is also often credited with inadvertently decreasing the jump shooting skills, de- fense, and fundamentals of young players,[154] a fact Jor- dan himself has lamented.

I think it was the exposure of Michael Jor- dan; the marketing of Michael Jordan. Ev- erything was marketed towards the things that people wanted to see, which was scoring and dunking. That Michael Jordan still played de- fense and an all-around game, but it was never Jordan in 2006 11

He married Juanita Vanoy in September 1989, and they have two sons, Jeffrey Michael and Marcus James, and a daughter, Jasmine. Jordan and Vanoy filed for divorce on January 4, 2002, citing irreconcilable differences, but reconciled shortly thereafter. They again filed for divorce and were granted a final decree of dissolution of marriage on December 29, 2006, commenting that the decision was made “mutually and amicably”.[166][167] It is reported that Juanita received a $168 million settlement, making it the largest celebrity divorce settlement in history at the time on public record.[168][169] In 1991, Jordan purchased a lot in Highland Park, Illi- nois, to build a 56,000 square foot mansion, which was completed four years later.[170] Both of his sons attended Loyola Academy, a private Roman Catholic high school located in Wilmette, Illinois.[171] Jeffrey graduated as a member of the 2007 graduating class and played his first collegiate basketball game on November 11, 2007, for the University of Illinois. After two seasons, Jeffrey left the Illinois basketball team in 2009. He later rejoined the team for a third season,[172][173] then received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida, where Mar- cus was attending.[174][175] Marcus transferred to Whitney Michael Jordan in 2008 Young High School after his sophomore year at Loyola Academy and graduated in 2009. He began attending UCF in the fall of 2009,[176] and played three seasons of basketball for the school.[177] Nike, Coca-Cola, Chevrolet, Gatorade, McDonald’s, Ball Park Franks, Rayovac, Wheaties, Hanes, and MCI.[189] On July 21, 2006, a judge in Cook County, Illinois, de- Jordan has had a long relationship with Gatorade, ap- termined that Jordan did not owe his alleged former lover pearing in over 20 commercials for the company since Karla Knafel $5 million in a breach of contract claim.[178] 1991, including the "Be " commercials in Jordan had allegedly paid Knafel $250,000 to keep their which a song was sung by children wishing to be like relationship a secret.[179][180][181] Knafel claimed Jordan Jordan.[189][190] promised her $5 million for remaining silent and agree- ing not to file a paternity suit after Knafel learned she was Nike created a signature shoe for him, called the Air Jor- pregnant in 1991. A DNA test showed Jordan was not the dan. One of Jordan’s more popular commercials for the father of the child.[178] shoe involved Spike Lee playing the part of Mars Black- mon. In the commercials Lee, as Blackmon, attempted He proposed to his longtime girlfriend, Cuban-American to find the source of Jordan’s abilities and became con- model Yvette Prieto, on Christmas Eve, 2011,[182] and vinced that “it’s gotta be the shoes”.[189] The hype and they were married on April 27, 2013, at Bethesda-by- demand for the shoes even brought on a spate of “shoe- the-Sea Episcopal Church.[183][184] It was announced on jackings” where people were robbed of their sneakers November 30, 2013, that the two were expecting their at gunpoint. Subsequently, Nike spun off the Jordan first child together.[185][186] Jordan listed his Highland line into its own division named the “Jordan Brand”. Park mansion for sale in 2012.[170] On February 11, 2014, The company features an impressive list of athletes and Prieto gave birth to identical twin daughters named Vic- celebrities as endorsers.[191][192] The brand has also spon- toria and Ysabel.[187] sored college sports programs such as those of North Car- Jordan’s private jet features a stripe in Carolina blue, the olina, Cal, Georgetown, and Marquette.[193] “Air Jordan” logo on the tail, and references to his career Jordan also has been associated with the Looney Tunes in the identification number.[188] cartoon characters. A Nike commercial shown dur- ing 1992’s Super Bowl XXVI featured Jordan and Bugs Bunny playing basketball.[194] The Super Bowl commer- 11 Media figure and business in- cial inspired the 1996 live action/animated film Space Jam, which starred Jordan and Bugs in a fictional story set terests during the former’s first retirement from basketball.[195] They have subsequently appeared together in several [195] Jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in his- commercials for MCI. tory. He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Jordan’s yearly income from the endorsements is esti- 12 12 AWARDS AND HONORS

mated to be over forty million dollars.[196][197] In addi- tion, when Jordan’s power at the ticket gates was at its highest point, the Bulls regularly sold out both their home and road games.[198] Due to this, Jordan set records in player salary by signing annual contracts worth in excess of US $30 million per season.[199] An academic study found that Jordan’s first NBA comeback resulted in an increase in the market capitalization of his client firms of more than $1 billion.[200] Most of Jordan’s endorsement deals, including his first deal with Nike, were engineered by his agent, David Falk.[201] Jordan has described Falk as “the best at what he does” and that “marketing-wise, he’s great. He’s the one who came up with the concept of 'Air Jordan.'"[202] In June 2010, Jordan was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 20th-most powerful celebrity in the world with $55 million earned between June 2009 and June 2010. Ac- cording to the Forbes article, Jordan Brand generates $1 billion in sales for Nike.[203] In June 2014, Jordan was named the first NBA player to become a billionaire; af- ter he increased his stake in the Charlotte Hornets from 80% to 89.5%.[204][205] On January 20, 2015, Jordan was honored with the Charlotte Business Journal's Business Person of the Year for 2014.[206]

12 Awards and honors James Worthy, Jordan, and Dean Smith at a North Carolina Tar Heels men’s basketball game honoring the 1957 and 1982 men’s Main article: List of career achievements by Michael basketball teams. Jordan • 11-time All-NBA [2][207][208] • Nine-time All-Defensive First Team

• Two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of • Two-time NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion – Fame 1987, 1988

• class of 2009 - individual • NBA Rookie of the Year – 1984–85 • class of 2010 - as a member of the “Dream • NBA Defensive Player of the Year – 1987–88 Team” • 1985 IBM Award winner • U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame - class of 2009 (as a member of the “Dream Team”) • NCAA national championship – University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: 1981–82 • FIBA Hall of Fame - class of 2015 • • Two-time Olympic Gold Medal winner – 1984, ACC Freshman of the Year – 1981–82 1992 • Two-time Consensus NCAA All-American First • Six-time NBA champion Team – 1982–83, 1983–84 • • Six-time NBA Finals MVP ACC Men’s Basketball Player of the Year – 1983– 84 • Five-time NBA MVP • USBWA College Player of the Year – 1983–84 • 10-time NBA scoring leader (1987–1993, 1996– 1998) • Naismith College Player of the Year – 1983–84 • 14-time NBA All-Star • John R. Wooden Award – 1983–84 • Three-time NBA All-Star Game MVP • Adolph Rupp Trophy – 1983–84 13

• “Triple Crown” winner[148] [5] Skidmore, Sarah. “23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique”, The Seattle Times, January 10, 2008. Re- • Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year – 1991 trieved February 12, 2009.

• Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA His- [6] Michael Jordan biography, 23jordan.com. Retrieved tory in 1996 November 23, 2007.

• Ranked No.1 by SLAM Magazine's Top 50 Players • Sachare, pgs. 172–173. of All-Time[209] [7] Associated Press, Michael Jordan’s big brother ends Army • Ranked No.1 by ESPN SportsCentury's Top North career at the Wayback Machine (archived May 29, 2006), American Athletes of the 20th century[149] charlotte.com, May 16, 2006. Retrieved April 18, 2008.

• North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame [8] Halberstam, pgs. 20–21.

• 1997 Marca Leyenda winner [9] Michael Jordan, basketball-reference.com. Retrieved February 8, 2008. • Seven-time ESPY Award winner (in various cate- gories) [10] Michael Jordan: The Stats, infoplease.com. Retrieved March 15, 2007. • Number 23 retired by the Chicago Bulls [11] Williams, Lena. PLUS: Basketball; “A McDonald’s Game • Number 23 retired by the North Carolina Tar Heels For Girls, Too”, The New York Times, December 7, 2001. Retrieved January 16, 2007. • Number 23 retired by the Miami Heat [12] SportsCenter, ESPN, air date February 2, 2007. • Statue in front of the United Center • Lucas, Adam. Lucas: One Extraordinary Night at the Wayback Machine (archived April 4, 2007), 13 See also tarheelblue.cstv.com, February 10, 2007. Re- trieved March 1, 2013.

• Michael Jordan Steakhouse [13] Halberstam, pgs. 67–68.

• Michael Jordan’s Restaurant [14] LeFeber, pg. 32.

• Michael Jordan: Chaos in the Windy City [15] Michael Jordan, databaseBasketball.com, archived link, archive date February 11, 2009. • Michael Jordan in Flight • [16] qtd. in Lazenby, Roland. “Michaelangelo: Portrait of a NBA 2K11 Champion”. Michael Jordan: The Ultimate Career Trib- • NBA 2K12 ute. Bannockburn, IL: H&S Media, 1999. pg. 128. [17] DuPree, David (November 26, 1984). “Trail Blazers don't regret bypassing Jordan”. USA Today. p. 6C. 14 Notes [18] Sakamoto, Bob (November 25, 1984). “Portland GM is happy with Bowie”. Chicago Tribune. p. B2. • a Jordan wore a nameless no. 12 jersey in a Febru- ary 14, 1990 game against the Orlando Magic be- [19] Schoenfield, David. The 100 worst draft picks ever, cause his no. 23 jersey had been stolen.[210] Jordan ESPN. Retrieved October 20, 2013. scored 49 points, setting a franchise record for play- [20] Morris, Mike. “The Legend: A Highlight-Reel History ers wearing that jersey number.[211] of the NBA’s Greatest Player”. Michael Jordan: The Ul- timate Career Tribute. Bannockburn, IL: H&S Media, 1999. pg. 67. 15 References [21] Gross, Jane. “Jordan Makes People Wonder: Is He the New Dr. J?", The New York Times, October 21, 1984. [1] Rein, Kotler and Shields, pg. 173. Retrieved March 7, 2007. [2] Michael Jordan, National Basketball Association. Re- [22] Goldaper, Sam. “Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden”, The trieved January 15, 2007. New York Times, October 19, 1984. Retrieved March 7, [3] Markovits and Rensman, pg. 89. 2007.

[4] Berkow, Ira. “Sports of The Times; Air Jordan And Just [23] Johnson, Roy S. “Jordan-Led Bulls Romp Before 19,252”, Plain Folks”, The New York Times, June 15, 1991. Re- The New York Times, November 9, 1984. Retrieved trieved February 11, 2009. March 7, 2007. 14 15 REFERENCES

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17 Further reading

• Leahy, Michael (2004), When Nothing Else Matters: Michael Jordan’s Last Comeback, Simon & Schus- ter, ISBN 0-7432-7648-5 • McGovern, Mike (2005), Michael Jordan: basket- ball player, Ferguson, ISBN 0816058768 • Porter, David L (2007), Michael Jordan: a biogra- phy, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313337675

18 External links

• Michael Jordan at DMOZ

• Michael Jordan biography at the Wayback Machine (archived July 7, 2006) at NBA Encyclopedia •

• Career statistics and player information from Basketball-Reference.com

• Michael Jordan at the Naismith Memorial Basket- ball Hall of Fame

• Michael Jordan’s Hall of Fame induction speech •

• Career statistics and player information from The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)

• Michael Jordan Career Retrospective on YouTube • Michael Jordan at the Internet Movie Database

• Michael Jordan articles in the archive of the Chicago Tribune 20 19 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

19 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

19.1 Text

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