DOCSLIB.ORG

Download .Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download .Pdf University of Nigeria Research Publications EMEZUE, Sydney Author PG/MA/81/1153 Warfare in Pre-Colonial Ohuhu Title Arts Faculty History Department November, 1983 Date Signature Signature WARFARE IN PRE-COLONIAL OHUHU BY SYDNEY EMEZUE ~~/~~/81/1153 NOVEMBER 1983 APPROVAL PAGE PROFESSOR CHIEKA IFEMESIA HEAD OF DEPARTMENT. WARFARE IN PRE-COLONIAL OHUHU SYDNEY EMEZUE PG/M~/81/1153 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE. NOVEMBER, 1983. -. - -- DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother, Ezenwanyi Ihudiya Onuoha, who departed this world on June 13 1980 as I was \ doing my final examination for the Bachelor of Arts Degree. TABLE OF CONTENT -PAGE ABSTRACT .. .. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .. .. iii PREFACE .. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO: CAUSES OF WARS IN PRE-COLONIAL OHUHU .. .. CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEMS OF WARFARE IN PRE-COLONIAL OHUHU .. CHAPTER FOUR: IQJDING OF HOSTILITIES AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF WARS .. CHAPTER FIVE: SOME PRE-COLONIAL OHUHU WARS CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION . BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A PARTICULARS OF INFORMANTS .. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MAP I: Facing page 2 - Map of Ohuhu PLATE I: Facing page 20 - ofo, the Igbo staff of authority and jus-e. PI,ATE 2: Facing page 21, Ihu nla Umuajameze, shrine of the earth deity of Umuajameze. PLATE 3: Facing page 62, a Dane gun manufactured by an Nkwerre smith. PLATE 4: Facing page 63 - a pistol manufactured by an Nkwerre smith early in the twentieth century PLI'LTE 5: Facing page 66 - a gun made by an Awka smith PL,ITE 6: Facing page 69 - a locally made spear. PLATE 7: Facing page 73 - Akparaja (obejili) MAP 2: Facing page 106 - Hap showing dispereal of Isingwu people. i& -ABSTRACT There were two kind8 of military engagements in pre-colonial Ohuhu. One of them - - was the type between groups that ehared one form of blood relationship or the other. In this type of encounter, the use of lethal weapons, especially gum i waa prohibited. because the spilliflg of blood among natally related groups war conaidered oifetilive to the earth deity - -ala -. Agha which was full-scale war involved gfoups that did not have any form of blood relationdRipr The &pilling of blood was tolerated during this type of engagements.though a soldier who killed during a war had to perform some rites to clean~ehimself of the blood of his victim. By far the single most important caube of ware in pre-colonial Ohuhu was land. This was due mainly to the great importance which the people attached to farming and also the type of agriculture - rotational burh fallow syatea * practised in the area which required an almost limitless supply of land to be effective. Dispute8 arising from control of markets, maltreatment of married daughters, and careless talk by people, were other common causer of wars. Mo~tof the weapon8 used during wars were manufactured locally within Ohuhu by resident Awka and Nkwerre snithe using locally smelted iron. Communities and individuals ii. .. usually fortified themselveb with charme. Some of the charms were believed to co~hterthe effects of those being used by opponents. Others were believed to render their $ 8- - ueare iqrxlaerable to enemy weapons. Most wars ended throbgh mediation dnd negotiatioh rather than the total conquest of one side bg another. Two groups, married daughters a umu,.o& - and neighbours of I / belligerents were usually inbtrbrnental to bringing warring communities to the conference table. Peace settlements were, in most cases, solemnieed by the institution of an intepcommunity convenant - igba orikoro. Some settlements also led to the establi~hmentof deities jointly owned by the communities involved in the war. Many people offered me invaluable help in the prepdation of thia work - for which I am very grateful. My greateat debt of gratitude goes to my supervisor Professor A.E. Afigbo who not only suggested the topic but also through his advice,. suggestions but above all prompt attention saw this work through. Dr. P.O. Esedebe rendered me highly valuable advice and encouragement not only in the preparation of this project but also in other aspects of my academic work. I can not with words adequately express the depth of my gratitude to Mr. & Mrs. J.0 Ahazuem for their kindness to me all through the preparation of thia work. I also owe a &f, of gratitude to Mr. Ndubisi Azubike who accompanied me during most of my fieldwork - sometimes at financial cost and great inconvenience to himself. Miss ~ugustinaChukwu also proved a very reliable companion not only during the search for materials on which this work Is baaed but also in its final preparation, My uncle Captain Okwukaire Onuoha stood by me offering both moral and financial assistance for- which I will for ever remain grateful. I owe my parents Mr. & Mrs. Gab. Emezue and my brothers - Onwuka and Uche and my sister Lucky - a debt of gratitude for their forebearance and understanding all these long years of my education, iv. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my informants for their patience in supplying me with the information on which this work is based. I have to mention particularly Eze Chima Ndom - the Iboto of Itumbuzo for his hospitality and generosity. Eze Lawrence D.O. Nwankwo - the Ikpo I11 of Bende (now late) proved very helpful to me, May his magnanimous SGQC rest in peace. Sydney Erne zue . v. Preface This work seeks to contribute to the study of one aspect of pre-colonial Igho history - warfare. Though it does not claim to have answered all questions relating to the topic, it presents an alternative to some earlier views relating to war and peace among the Igbo. One of the views which was built up hy colonial writers maintains that the Igbo man and indeed the /',f rican, prior to the coming of Europeans, lived not only in a state of permanent strife to the extent that life was morz or less unsafe but also brutish and short, The proponents of these views advanced various reasons to explain the so-called high incidence of wars in pre-colonial Igboland, One of the most favourable explanations is that the Igbo people took to warring constantly to fight-off the burden of idleness into which they usually fell after the planting season. Rut as ,,f igbo has correctly pointed out,. Warfare is usually a continuation of politics by other means, This implies that warnwere usually not fought for the fun of it but only when they could not be avoided. The first of the six chapters of this work, thcreforc, takes a look at the land (0huh;) and its people. It examines the political system of khc area since it is often the inability or inadequacy of political systems to respond to and deal decisively with vonf lict situations that resulted into wars. Chapter two investigates the common causes of ~3. wals in pre-colonial Ohuhu, This was done mainly to see if the claim made by some authors regarding the so-called high incidence of wars and insecurity in the Igbo area can be sustained in the light of examples drawn from the Ohuhu area. The third chapter takes a look at the systems of warfare in Ohuhu, Some of the important areas covered in this chapter include the various kinds of wars fought in pre-colonial Ohuhu, methods of recruitment of soldiers,, the command structure of armies and the weapons used and their sources of procurement, In this regard, some attention is paid to the role and importance of Awka and Nkwerrc blacksmiths in the manufacture of weapons used during wars in pre-colonial Ohuhu, This chapter also paid some attention to the role of medicines and medicine men in wars. In chapter four, attention is paid to the ways in which Ohuhu people ended their wars. The role of two groups of people who of ten intervened to make peace between warring communities - married daughters (umu okpu) and neighbours of belligerents also received due attention. Also covered in this chspter is the ccmmon motivation of the two groups mentioned earlier as intervening in wars. The common consequences of wars is another important area covered in chapter four. The fifth chapter is a recostruction, thouah on the basis of limited information, of some of the wars vii. fought in prc-colonial Ohuhu. Four examples in all wcr\- taken, Two of the wars described in this chapter rcsul-t..:' from the inv~.sic~nof parts of Ohuhu by the famed but dreaded jibam warriors and head hunters. The othcr two involved ccmmunitii;.~belonging to the same clan but wh did not share my close natal relationshipi Chapter six is a SUMMWJ~f the major finding~i of the work. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION As shall be used in this work, Ohuhu refers to the area delimited and called so by Daryl Forde and G.1. Jones in their ethnographical survey of the Igbo-speaking area. 1 The group of villages or clan presently known as Ohuh~! shall, in this work, be referred to as Umuhu-na-Okaiuga. Thus, Ohuhu will represent the entire area listed by the authors 2.s constituting (along with Ngwaland) the Ohuhu-Ngwa group of peoples. Z Ohuh. presently, is carved into the following local government areas of Imo State - Bende, Ikwuano, Odida Anyanwu, and IJmuahia urban. During the colonial period the area constituted the bulk of what was for sometime known as the Bende Division of Owerri Province. The only part of the defunct Bende Division that ir not Ohuhu is the area that Forde and Jones called Isu-Item group.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies .
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria Conflict Re-Interview (Emergency Response
    This PDF generated by kmcgee, 8/18/2017 11:01:05 AM Sections: 11, Sub-sections: 0, Questionnaire created by akuffoamankwah, 8/2/2017 7:42:50 PM Questions: 130. Last modified by kmcgee, 8/18/2017 3:00:07 PM Questions with enabling conditions: 81 Questions with validation conditions: 14 Shared with: Rosters: 3 asharma (never edited) Variables: 0 asharma (never edited) menaalf (never edited) favour (never edited) l2nguyen (last edited 8/9/2017 8:12:28 PM) heidikaila (never edited) Nigeria Conflict Re- interview (Emergency Response Qx) [A] COVER No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 18, Static texts: 1. [1] DISPLACEMENT No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 6. [2] HOUSEHOLD ROSTER - BASIC INFORMATION No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 14, Static texts: 1. [3] EDUCATION No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 3. [4] MAIN INCOME SOURCE FOR HOUSEHOLD No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 14, Static texts: 1. [5] MAIN EMPLOYMENT OF HOUSEHOLD No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 6, Static texts: 1. [6] ASSETS No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 12, Static texts: 1. [7] FOOD AND MARKET ACCESS No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 21. [8] VULNERABILITY MEASURE: COPING STRATEGIES INDEX No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 6. [9] WATER ACCESS AND QUALITY No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 22. [10] INTERVIEW RESULT No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 8, Static texts: 1. APPENDIX A — VALIDATION CONDITIONS AND MESSAGES APPENDIX B — OPTIONS LEGEND 1 / 24 [A] COVER Household ID (hhid) NUMERIC: INTEGER hhid SCOPE: IDENTIFYING
    [Show full text]
  • Purple Hibiscus
    1 A GLOSSARY OF IGBO WORDS, NAMES AND PHRASES Taken from the text: Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Appendix A: Catholic Terms Appendix B: Pidgin English Compiled & Translated for the NW School by: Eze Anamelechi March 2009 A Abuja: Capital of Nigeria—Federal capital territory modeled after Washington, D.C. (p. 132) “Abumonye n'uwa, onyekambu n'uwa”: “Am I who in the world, who am I in this life?”‖ (p. 276) Adamu: Arabic/Islamic name for Adam, and thus very popular among Muslim Hausas of northern Nigeria. (p. 103) Ade Coker: Ade (ah-DEH) Yoruba male name meaning "crown" or "royal one." Lagosians are known to adopt foreign names (i.e. Coker) Agbogho: short for Agboghobia meaning young lady, maiden (p. 64) Agwonatumbe: "The snake that strikes the tortoise" (i.e. despite the shell/shield)—the name of a masquerade at Aro festival (p. 86) Aja: "sand" or the ritual of "appeasing an oracle" (p. 143) Akamu: Pap made from corn; like English custard made from corn starch; a common and standard accompaniment to Nigerian breakfasts (p. 41) Akara: Bean cake/Pea fritters made from fried ground black-eyed pea paste. A staple Nigerian veggie burger (p. 148) Aku na efe: Aku is flying (p. 218) Aku: Aku are winged termites most common during the rainy season when they swarm; also means "wealth." Akwam ozu: Funeral/grief ritual or send-off ceremonies for the dead. (p. 203) Amaka (f): Short form of female name Chiamaka meaning "God is beautiful" (p. 78) Amaka ka?: "Amaka say?" or guess? (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Oil Pollution on Soil Properties Along Pipeline Right of Way at Osisioma Ngwa, Abia State, Nigeria
    Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 22(6): 1-12, 2017; Article no.CJAST.34379 Previously known as British Journal of Applied Science & Technology ISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541 Effect of Oil Pollution on Soil Properties along Pipeline Right of Way at Osisioma Ngwa, Abia State, Nigeria E. I. Elenwo1* and C. A. Anyanwu1 1Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author EIE designed the study, author CAA carried out the research, performed the statistical analysis. Author EIE wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors CAA and EIE managed the analyses of the study and managed the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/34379 Editor(s): (1) Abida Farooqi, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Pakistan. (2) Xu Jianhua, Department of Geography, East China Normal University, China. Reviewers: (1) Azubuike Ebokaiwe, Federal University Ndufu- Alike Ikwo, Nigeria. (2) Eliton da Silva Vasconcelos, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/20336 Received 25th May 2017 Accepted 21st June 2017 Original Research Article Published 3rd August 2017 ABSTRACT The study examined the effects of oil pollution on soil properties along pipeline right of way at Osisioma Ngwa, Abia State, Nigeria.A transect of 50 m x 500 m was laid along the oil pipeline right of way and also in the control plot (natural forest) of 1.5 km away from the oil pipeline.
    [Show full text]
  • Intergovernmental Committee On
    E WIPO/GRTKF/IC/ 10/INF/5(d) WIPO ORIGINAL: English DATE: November 30, 2006 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION GENEVA INTERGOVERNMENTAL CO MMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERT Y AND GENETIC RESOUR CES, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDG E AND FOLKLORE Tenth Sessi on Geneva, November 30 to December 8, 2006 WIPO PANEL ON , “INDIGENOUS AND LOCA L COMMUNITIES’ CONCERNS AND EXPERIE NCES IN PROMOTING, S USTAINING AND SAFEGUARDING THE IR TRADITIONAL KNOWL EDGE, TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS AND GEN ETIC RESOURCES” LOST IN TR ANSITION? TRADITION AL HEALERS OF SOUTH EAST NIGERIA AND THE DELEGITIMIZATION OF TRADITIONAL KNOW LEDGE AND CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE A GE OF MODERNITY NOVEMBER 30, 2006 Document prepared by Mr . Ikechi MGBEOJI , Associate Professor , Osgood Hall Law School , Toronto * * This document comprises the presentation in the form received from the presenter. Any views expressed in the presentation are not necessarily those of WIPO or any of its Member States. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/ 10 /INF/5(d) page 2 INTRODUCTION AND OVE RVIEW In the past decade, traditional knowledge systems, (hereafter TK systems) and forms of Cultural Expressions (hereafter CE) have witnessed a belated renaissance, both in policy instruments of some international intellec tual property organizations 1 and in some global international law agreements. 2 This is a welcome departure when indigenous peoples and millions of colonized peoples and cultures were regarded as sub -human and inferior species. In the gradual emergence of TK systems and CE from their status of humiliation and denigration to that of tolerance and grudging respect, concerns have been expressed on how best to protect TK and CE from corrosive and adverse influences and structures.
    [Show full text]
  • South – East Zone
    South – East Zone Abia State Contact Number/Enquires ‐08036725051 S/N City / Town Street Address 1 Aba Abia State Polytechnic, Aba 2 Aba Aba Main Park (Asa Road) 3 Aba Ogbor Hill (Opobo Junction) 4 Aba Iheoji Market (Ohanku, Aba) 5 Aba Osisioma By Express 6 Aba Eziama Aba North (Pz) 7 Aba 222 Clifford Road (Agm Church) 8 Aba Aba Town Hall, L.G Hqr, Aba South 9 Aba A.G.C. 39 Osusu Rd, Aba North 10 Aba A.G.C. 22 Ikonne Street, Aba North 11 Aba A.G.C. 252 Faulks Road, Aba North 12 Aba A.G.C. 84 Ohanku Road, Aba South 13 Aba A.G.C. Ukaegbu Ogbor Hill, Aba North 14 Aba A.G.C. Ozuitem, Aba South 15 Aba A.G.C. 55 Ogbonna Rd, Aba North 16 Aba Sda, 1 School Rd, Aba South 17 Aba Our Lady Of Rose Cath. Ngwa Rd, Aba South 18 Aba Abia State University Teaching Hospital – Hospital Road, Aba 19 Aba Ama Ogbonna/Osusu, Aba 20 Aba Ahia Ohuru, Aba 21 Aba Abayi Ariaria, Aba 22 Aba Seven ‐ Up Ogbor Hill, Aba 23 Aba Asa Nnetu – Spair Parts Market, Aba 24 Aba Zonal Board/Afor Une, Aba 25 Aba Obohia ‐ Our Lady Of Fatima, Aba 26 Aba Mr Bigs – Factory Road, Aba 27 Aba Ph Rd ‐ Udenwanyi, Aba 28 Aba Tony‐ Mas Becoz Fast Food‐ Umuode By Express, Aba 29 Aba Okpu Umuobo – By Aba Owerri Road, Aba 30 Aba Obikabia Junction – Ogbor Hill, Aba 31 Aba Ihemelandu – Evina, Aba 32 Aba East Street By Azikiwe – New Era Hospital, Aba 33 Aba Owerri – Aba Primary School, Aba 34 Aba Nigeria Breweries – Industrial Road, Aba 35 Aba Orie Ohabiam Market, Aba 36 Aba Jubilee By Asa Road, Aba 37 Aba St.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © 2018 Christopher Okechukwu Uche
    Copyright © 2018 Christopher Okechukwu Uche All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. AN EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY FOR THE MEN’S MISSIONARY UNION IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA __________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Theology __________________ by Christopher Okechukwu Uche May 2018 APPROVAL SHEET AN EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY FOR THE MEN’S MISSIONARY UNION IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA Christopher Okechukwu Uche Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ John Mark Terry (Chair) Date: May 2018______________________________ For the glory of God TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES……………….………………………………………….…………vi LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………….………………….……….vii PREFACE…………………………………...……………….………………….…....viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 Purpose…………………………………………………………………....……2 Background ……………………………………………………………………3 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................4 Limitations and Deliminations ............................................................................4 Literary Review ...................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Resistivity Survey to Investigate Causes of Borehole Failure in Ikwuano/Umuahia Area of Abia State of Nigeria
    International Journal of Innovative Scientific & Engineering Technologies Research 3(1):47-61, Jan-Mar 2015 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2015 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2360-896X ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY TO INVESTIGATE CAUSES OF BOREHOLE FAILURE IN IKWUANO/UMUAHIA AREA OF ABIA STATE OF NIGERIA 1*CHUKWU, G.U., 2OKEREKE, C.S., 3OKWUEZE, E.E. & 4CHIBOKA, V.O. 1 Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike -Umuahia, Nigeria 2Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 3Department of Physics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 4 Dept. of Mathematics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike -Umuahia, Nigeria *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +2348025691478, +2347034394600 ABSTRACT The prevailing shortage of potable water supply in Ikwuano/Umuahia and the efforts made towards ameliorating the ugly situation through groundwater supply system are not meeting the desired results. There have been several cases of rampant borehole failure within the area. Some boreholes give out poor yield at certain periods of the year; many others go dry shortly after well completion while some do not show any indication of water presence after drilling several meters of depth in the subsurface. The wasted resources added more hardship to the prevailing water scarcity and thus make life very unbearable for the people. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique using Schlumberger configuration was employed to carry out electrical resistivity surveys to determine the causative geological/geophysical factors that give rise to the problem. Data sets of both productive and non-productive boreholes were acquired together with global positioning system (GPS) measurements to investigate the problem of borehole failure within the study area.
    [Show full text]
  • N Okigwe Zone, Southeastern Nigeria
    Journal of Architecture and Construction Volume 3, Issue 3, 2020, PP 1-16 ISSN 2637-5796 Best Practice Building Integration Methods along Slopes (15% To 65% Gradient) N Okigwe Zone, Southeastern Nigeria Christopher Irehie1*, Napoleon Imaah2, and Patrick Youdeowei3 1Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University, Nkpolu/Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria 2Department of Architecture, Rivers State University, Nkpolu/Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria 3Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University, Nkpolu/Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Christopher Irehie, 1Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University, Nkpolu/Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria ABSTRACT To create integral buildings along slopes require that the land form and topography of the slope be incorporated into the architectural designs and construction plans from the outset. The relevance of the study was informed by the need to bring man closer to natural environment visibly manifest in the form of slopes. The study, through data collection, analyses, and concept development determined five architectural floor methods of building integration along slopes. Different building integration methods fit into slopes of different gradients and angles which are classified by percentage characteristics as: Split level (4 – 6% slope); Build up above the slope (6 – 10% slope); Build into the slope (10 – 16% slope); Cut and fill (16 – 25% slope); and Multi-level (25% slope and above). For ease of analysis, the architectural floor methods of integration were catalogued into A, B, C and D systematic order for appropriate results presentation relative to slope factors. Keywords: Building integration, Concept, Slopes gradient, Slope angle, Slopes profile, Architectural floor method.
    [Show full text]
  • ABIA ORGANIZED CRIME FACTS.Cdr
    ORGANIZED CRIME FACTS ABIA STATE Abia State with an estimated population of 2.4 million and records straight. predominantly of Igbo origin, has recently come under the limelight due to heightened insecurity trailing South-Eastern Through its bi-annual publications of organized crime facts states. With the spike in attacks of police officers and police of each of the states in Nigeria, Eons Intelligence attempts stations, correctional facilities and other notable public and to augment the dearth of updated and timely release of private properties and persons in some selected Eastern national crime statistics by objectively providing an States of the Nation, speculations have given rise to an assessment of the situation to provide answers that will underlying tone that denotes all Eastern States as assist all stakeholders to make an informed decision. presenting an uncongenial image of a hazardous zone, Abia State, which shares a boundary with Imo State to the which fast deteriorates into a notorious terrorist region. West, has started gaining the reputation for being one of the The myth of more violent South-Eastern States than their violent Eastern states in the light of recent insecurity Northern counterparts cuts across all social media and happenings in Imo State. Some detractors have gone to the social status amongst the elites, expatriates, the rich, the extent of relying on personal perceptions, presumptions, poor, and the ugly, sending culpable fears amidst all. one-off incidents, conspiracy deductions, the power of invisible forces, or the scramble for resources to form an Hence, it is necessary to use verified statistics that use a opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol
    IJAH 5(1), S/NO 16, JANUARY, 2016 227 International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol. 5(1), S/No 16, January, 2016:227-235 ISSN: 2225-8590 (Print) ISSN 2227-5452 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v5i1.18 The Impact of the English Language on the Development of African Ethos: The Igbo Experience Akujobi, O. S. Department of English Language and Literature, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The predominance and relegation of the English and Igbo Languages in discourse respectively have been speculated with a paucity of empirical backup. The need arises therefore for a quantitative assessment of the Impact of the English Language on the development of values (language, dressing and religion) among the Igbos. One hundred structured questionnaires were distributed, collated and analysed. The result showed that English and Igbo languages were spoken at the rate of (6%) and (76%) respectively, and that the English Language had a zero (0) impact on the mode of dressing, while its effect on religion was at the rate of only (6%) among the sampled participants. It is therefore recommended that first language (L1) be emphasized as the language of communication over second language (L2) for an overall communicative competence. Key words: English Language, African Ethos, Igbo Experience, Introduction Africa as a continent has a population of 400 million people with more than two thousand (2000) languages (Lodhi, 1993). English language for centuries has been Copyright © IAARR 2016: www.afrrevjo.net/ijah Indexed African Journals Online (AJOL) www.ajol.info IJAH 5(1), S/NO 16, JANUARY, 2016 228 viewed as a major language of communication and the official language of the African Union (AU).
    [Show full text]
  • The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria, 1885–1950
    THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1885–1950 Toyin Falola, Senior Editor The Frances Higginbotham Nalle Centennial Professor in History University of Texas at Austin (ISSN: 1092–5228) A complete list of titles in the Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora, in order of publication, may be found at the end of this book. THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1885–1950 A. E. Afigbo UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER PRESS Copyright © 2006 A. E. Afigbo All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2006 University of Rochester Press 668 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.urpress.com and Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 1–58046–242–1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Afigbo, A. E. (Adiele Eberechukwu) The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 / A.E. Afigbo. p. cm. – (Rochester studies in African history and the diaspora, ISSN 1092-5228 ; v. 25) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58046-242-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Slavery–Nigeria–History. 2. Slave trade–Nigeria–History. 3. Great Britain–Colonies–Africa–Administration I. Title. HT1394.N6A45 2006 306.3Ј6209669–dc22 2006023536 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. This publication is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]