Niger Delta Quarterly Conflict Trends

Home , Ehime Mbano, Ideato South, Isiala Mbano, Isoko South, Isu people, Ngwa

April to June 2016

Sustainable peace and security remains a state and Local Government Area (LGA) Contents key challenge in the Niger Delta region. levels. Data sources include ACLED Recent trends in violence have shown (www.acleddata.com), Nigeria Watch Context and Risk Profile 1 significant rise in conflict incidents and (www.nigeriawatch.org), NSRP Sources (focused on Regional Patterns and Trends 2 violent fatalities since February 2015. violence against women and girls), as well as According to data formatted from the Peace the IPDU SMS early warning system, and State-level Patterns and Trends

Map, in April-June 2016 (Q2), the number of others. Abia 3 fatalities is at the highest point since the Akwa Ibom 4 end of the 2009 militancy. To ensure that these trackers are Bayelsa 5 comprehensive, please contribute your Cross River 6

The conflict landscape in the Niger Delta is knowledge by reporting any verified Delta 7 layered and complex, involving communal incident of conflict to the IPDU Early Edo 8 tensions, political competition, organized Warning System by texting a message to Imo 9 criminality, and resource-based conflicts; 080 9936 2222. Kindly include the relevant Ondo 10 exemplified by militancy, piracy, cultism, state, LGA, town, date, and brief description Rivers 11 election violence, armed robbery, of the incident. To read the latest monthly About Us and Contact Us 12 kidnapping, and land disputes varying at tracker, please visit: www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

Context and Risk Profile

This quarterly tracker looks at the trends information to inform that process of and dialects (Source: www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/ and patterns of conflict risk factors and analysis and joint planning to promote files/AFR_110929_Niger%20Delta_0113.pdf). incidents of violence, and their pressures on sustainable peace in the Niger Delta. peace and stability in the Niger Delta. It is Fishing and farming are historically the main not designed as a conflict analysis, but The Niger Delta comprises 185 out of the occupations in the region. The region rather, it is intended to update stakeholders 774 local government areas, and covers 9 contains vast reserves of oil and gas, which on patterns and trends in conflict risk and out of the 36 states of Nigeria namely; Abia, play an important role in the Nigerian violence. Understanding the deeper conflict Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, economy and global energy security. In drivers, implications, and mitigating options Imo, Ondo and Rivers. With over 30 million spite of these abundant natural resources, requires a robust participatory, qualitative people (according to a 2006 population the Niger Delta is marked by poverty, analysis of these trends by local census) and an estimated population economic underdevelopment, inequality, stakeholders in affected communities, density of 265 people per square kilometer, and environmental degradation. Historical including women, traditional authorities, the region accounts for more than 23 grievances and a proliferation of armed political leaders, youths, private sector percent of Nigeria’s population. The region groups (militant, criminal, and ethno- actors, and others. We hope that these is highly heterogeneous with over 40 ethnic sectarian) contribute to many of the conflict trackers provide such stakeholders with groups who speak more than 100 languages dynamics described in the following pages.

NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — April to June 2016

Conflict risk and violence in the Niger Delta reached its highest level in 2016 Q2 since late 2009. During this quarter, the security situation in the region deteriorated considerably with increasing incidents of conflict fatalities, including political violence, protests, land disputes and communal conflict, criminality, and gang violence. There was rise in attacks on oil and gas infrastructure by new militant groups such as the Niger Delta Avengers, particularly in Bayelsa and Delta states. There was also a significant rise in cult-related violence and criminality across the nine states, partly due to ongoing clashes between the Icelanders and Greenlanders which caused dozens of deaths in Q2. Overall, the state has seen progressively worsening in both reported violent incidents and subsequent fatalities, despite mixed progress by the state. Abia, cult and political violence and criminality. separate attacks on oil pipelines and energy Akwa Ibom, Ondo, and Rivers all had The second most violent was Delta, with infrastructure. In Yenagoa, violent incidents declining levels of violence this quarter, fatalities associated with militancy and related to militant attacks on pipelines, while the rest of the states experienced communal violence. In Bayelsa, there was a violent crime, and cult-related and increased levels of violence. Imo had the rise in criminal violence, as well as incidents communal violence. largest increase in conflict incidents, and and fatalities related to militancy and piracy. Other regional trends in conflict across Cross River had the biggest jump in states in Q2 include the pro-Biafran cause fatalities, the highest for the state since The most violent LGAs per capita were with protests reported in several states to 2012. Emuoha and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni (Rivers) mark the movement’s 49th Anniversary; as followed by Yakurr (Cross River), and well as ongoing inter-communal land Rivers was the most violent state in the Nembe (Bayelsa). In Warri South, there were disputes between pastoralists and farmers. region this quarter with a significant rise in numerous fatalities by mobs and five

Incidents and Fatalities, Niger Delta Conflict Fatalities, State Level Conflict Fatalities, LGA Level Quarterly, 2016 Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June)

500 0.004 0.03 0.0035

0.025

400 0.003

Worse 0.02

0.0025

Worse

300

0.002 0.015

200 0.0015 0.01

0.001

Better

100 0.005 0.0005

0 0

Bayelsa Rivers Delta Cross River Edo Imo Ondo Abia IbomAkwa

Ohaji/Egbema Emuoha Ogba/Egbema Yakurr Nembe WarriSouth Gokana NorthUghelli Calabar Mun.

0 Yenagoa

2015 2015 2015 2016 2016

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 2 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Abia State

The second quarter of 2016 saw a drop in within the Ohafia, Akanu, and Okun Political Protests violence in Abia state, following the spike of communities. conflict incidents and fatalities in January In May, over 5,000 members IPOB reported- and February 2016. On a per capita basis, In May, two Igbo butchers in Aba were killed ly took to the streets in Aba South to conflict risk and violence were most in a clash with soldiers over a dispute with a advocate for recognition of a Biafran state. prevalent in Aba South LGA. Incidents trader. This event triggered a mass protest In the same month, Movement for the reported in 2016 Q2 included ethno- in June, with protesters marching towards a Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra sectarian tensions, violent criminality and Mosque and Hausa settlement area in Aba (MASSOB) staged a protest in Umuahia reported fatalities involving publics security South before being dispersed. North, which resulted in one man being forces and protesters. shot by police and 19 arrests.

Violent Criminality In June , protesters staged a demonstration Communal Tension and Violence in Umuahia North following the June 28th In April, soldiers reportedly killed two Federal High Court decision to annul the In April 2016, five Hausa-Fulani commercial kidnappers and rescued two victims in 2015 election of Governor Okezie Ikpeazu, motorcyclists were reportedly kidnapped Osisioma Ngwa, while in Bende police killed based on tax evasion charges. and murdered by alleged members of the one armed robber and captured another

Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in during a shoot out. In June, a kidnap kingpin

Isuikwato. In May, an inter-communal clash was shot dead during a robbery by a police between Hausa and Igbo traders left at least ambush. three dead. There is increasing tension

Incidents and Fatalities, Abia State LGA Level Fatalities, Abia State Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) 35 Communal/Ethnic Conflict Other Violence

20 Worse

Better

Isuikwuato NorthAba Ngwa Osisioma SouthAba 0 Bende

2015 Q22015 Q32015 Q42016 Q12016 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 3 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Akwa Ibom State

Akwa Ibom was the least violent state in the Violent Criminality Protests Niger Delta during Q2 2016, based on reported incidents of conflict risk. Reported In April, it was reported that a 14-year old In April, ex-militants reportedly barricaded conflict-related fatalities within the state boy was killed in a cult-related incident in the entrance to the state governor’s office decreased significantly in Q2 compared to Uyo. The female head of the Pathology over issues related to the Presidential the previous quarter, though the number of Department at a hospital was killed by a Amnesty Program. In May, youth from the reported incidents remained at a similar gang at her home in Uyo in April. A truck Ibeno community reportedly protested at level. Uyo LGA had the highest levels of driver was reportedly shot dead by a the office of an oil company in Uyo over an violence in the state during the period. member of the Nigeria Security and Civil alleged spill. Reported incidents included inter- Defence Corps (NSCDC) in Abak, when he communal conflict, cult violence, criminality, failed to stop the vehicle. and protests Communal Violence

In Ibiono Ibom, a woman accused her father

of witchcraft and killed him. A man in Essien Another incident during the quarter

Udim killed his aunt with a machete included a land dispute that left four people

because he believed she wanted to use him dead, property destroyed and 16 other

for a ritual. people displaced in Oron.

Incidents and Fatalities, Akwa Ibom State LGA Level Fatalities, Akwa Ibom Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June)

10 Worse

Better

0 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2016 Q1 2016 Q2 Abak Uyo Ibiono Essien Ibom Udim Incidents Fatalities Interpersonal and Criminal Violence

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 4 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Bayelsa State

This quarter, Bayelsa saw the highest from the Joint Task Force (JTF), Operation Protests number violent fatalities since 2014 in the Pulo Shield in Southern Ijaw. In the state. Rising levels of violence began during deadliest incident, about ten suspected In Yenagoa, there were a number of the build-up to the inconclusive December militants were reportedly killed in a clash protests, including one by the National 2015 gubernatorial elections which were with the Army after they attempted to Youth Service Corps over unpaid allowanc- characterized by tensions and violent vandalize an oil pipeline. In June, the Niger es. Igbo traders also protested at police clashes. Election-related violence continued Delta Avengers (NDA) reportedly blew up a headquarters about lack of safety, and through to the January 2016 supplementary crude oil pipeline in Brass. Also in June, community workers went on strike because elections, with hijacking of voting materials members of the NDA were reported to have of underpaid wages. and clashes between supporters of the blown up two oil pipelines in Yenagoa.

Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and the All Progressive Congress (APC). Political Piracy Other Incidents violence has continued this quarter, along with militancy and piracy, crime and There were a range of other violent In Nembe, there were two incidents of kidnapping, and gang violence. Most of the incidents in Bayelsa this quarter. A 9-year- piracy. In April, following the kidnapping of a reported incidents in Q2 were concentrated old girl was sexually assaulted in Yenagoa in solider, the rescue operation resulted in the in Yenagoa and Ekeremor LGAs. April, two incidents of rape including of a 16 deaths of four pirates. Later that month, five -year-old girl were reported in Ekeremor. pirates were apprehended by the JTF and Additionally, two people were killed in a Militancy and Vandalism one was killed. Sea pirates also killed a clash between PDP and APC supporters in senior member of the Ijaw Youth Council in Nembe. Three Igbo businessmen were killed Militancy was a key issue during the quarter, Brass. In Southern Ijaw, sea pirates attacked by gunmen over several days. There was especially in Nembe, Brass, and Southern some workers, while in Ekeremor the P4P also a leadership clash between members Ijaw. In April, militants reportedly abducted network reported six attacks by pirates of the Ijaw Youth Council, with attackers two expatriates and killed two soldiers in during the period. attempting to interrupt a broadcast at a Nembe. In May a group of militants and local radio station, and reportedly assaulting pirates attacked and killed three soldiers employees and looting.

Incidents and Fatalities, Bayelsa State LGA Level Fatalities, Bayelsa Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June)

50 Other Violence

40 Political Tension

30 Worse Mililtancy/Piracy/Attacks on Energy Infrastructure

20 Better 10

Nembe Brass Yenagoa SouthernIjaw Ogba

2015 2015 2015 2016 2016

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 5 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Cross River State

This quarter saw Cross River experience the Later that month, two fatalities were Protests highest number of reported fatalities since reported in a clash between Mkpani and mid-2012, which was prior to the full Nko communities in Yakurr. Clashes Coinciding with other Niger Delta states, transition of the Bakassi Peninsula to between the Nko and Mkpani continued MASSOB staged peaceful protested in Ikom Cameroon which concluded a year later. throughout the quarter, with P4P data and Calabar Municipal to mark the 49th The Q2 2016 upward conflict trends have reporting an estimated 20 dead as well as Anniversary of Biafra on May 30. The Ikom been largely driven by communal violence houses and cars burnt. In incident between protest was interrupted by a counter over land and boundary disputes, as well as the Mkpani and Nko militias, soldiers protest of youth groups. incidents of violent crime. The vast majority attempted to intervene by opening a road of fatalities this quarter are the result of block, resulting in three deaths. In June, five communal clashes in April and June 2016. people were killed in the community of Violent Criminality and Armed Clashes Adadama in a retaliatory attack by members Communal Violence of the Ochienyim community. Violence was reported in May following the assassination of a businessman who was a

Cult-related violence also spiked in June former LGA Councilor in Ugep, Yakurr. In April during a major land dispute, at least 2016, with reports of multiple gangs Youth reacted to the assassination by 10 people, mainly children, women and the involved including the Vikings and Maphite looting shops belonging to other business elderly were reported to have been killed. confraternities over the control of bike owners in the area. A clash between The multiple day clash occurred between operators. At least eight fatalities were policemen and the Nigeria Security and Civil Inyima and Onyadama communities in reported as a result of the violence. and Defense Corps (NSCDC) left one dead in Yakurr, and flowed over into other Calabar Municipal, and a police sergeant communities in Obubra, with properties and was killed was during a shootout between farmland destroyed during the violence. policemen and a gang of armed robbers. A

baker was abducted and released but later

died of his injuries.

Incidents and Fatalities, Cross River State LGA Level Fatalities, Cross River Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June)

30 Worse

20 Better 10

Yakurr CalabarSouth Abi Calabar Mun. Boki

2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2016 Q1 2016 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 6 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Delta State

Delta has remained one of the most violent Communal Violence Other Incidents states in the Niger Delta since 2009.

Compared with last quarter, there has been Over a dozen fatalities were reported from Other reported incidents of violence in Q2 a significant rise in conflict-related fatalities communal conflict in the state during Q2. In have included protests, kidnapping, and in Delta state in Q2 2016. This has been the central part of the state (Udu and Warri mob violence. driven largely by militancy, criminal and South West) communal tensions between mob violence, and inter-communal clashes. Ijaw and Urhobo youths led to violent In Uvwie, the people of Effurun community

clashes. Several land disputes were also protested the military’s treatment of Militancy reported including three disputes between residents. Erratic electricity also led to Aladja and Ogbe-Ijaw communities in Udu , protests in Warri South throughout the In Q2, several oil facilities were destroyed in and a lethal clash between youths from month of April. In Oshimili South, three a series of coordinated attacks by militant Umuezegoli and Akoku communities in protests took place in April relating to groups in the state. In May and June, the Ukwuani. In Isoko South, up to five people grievances with governance and public Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) reportedly blew were reported killed in clashes between services. Police clashed in May with up pipelines and oil facilities in Warri North, Okpolo-Enwhe and Igbide youths. In Uvwie, MASSOB protesters in Oshimili South, Warri South, and Warri South West. a leadership dispute resulted in riots and a resulting in seven fatalities. Following these attacks, soldiers reportedly shooting by youth from the community. raided the affected areas and arrested In April in Warri South, mobs attacked some of the suspected militants. The NDA There were also multiple incidents of suspected robbers and set them on fire in also reportedly attacked a houseboat in violence involving pastoralists, including in two separate incidents, leaving five dead. Warri South and killed three soldiers and Ukwuani where eight people were kid- Similar incidents also occurred in Warri four civilians. In the deadliest incident this napped and tortured for hours while they North. In Ughelli North, a man was quarter, 50 soldiers drowned while pursuing were held hostage. In one report from April kidnapped and killed after ransom was paid, the NDA militants in May. in Aniocha North, a 38-year-old pregnant while several abductions were reported in woman was killed. Other reports have Udu. suggested that the inter-communal violence has involved attacks on communities including sexual violence and destruction of farm crops.

Incidents and Fatalities, Delta State LGA Level Fatalities, Delta State Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) 140

120

100

80 Worse

Better

Uvwie WarriNorth Aniocha North OshimiliSouth Ndokwa East WarriSouth WarriSW Isoko South Ukwuani 0 NorthUgheli

2015 Q22015 Q32015 Q42016 Q12016 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 7 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Edo State

Overall, violence in Edo has been decreasing and suspension of the Speaker and Deputy conflicts this quarter. In April, four people over the past year. Issues mainly related to Speaker of the state House of Assembly. were reported to have been killed and crime, communal conflict, and political Supporters of the impeached politicians property destroyed during inter-communal tensions. In the context of the upcoming took over the House Chamber, resulting in conflict involving Fulani herdsmen and gubernatorial elections in September 2016, police intervention with tear gas and several farmers in Ovia North East and Owan West. there has been a rise in tension between injuries. In Owan West, an APC local political groups. By LGA, Oredo had the government hopeful was attacked by a Protests highest levels of violence in the state this gunman, though there were no casualties. quarter. Edo was besieged by protests this quarter

Cult Violence regarding fuel prices and pensions. In Political Tensions Oredo, protests against fuel prices persisted Cult violence remained prevalent in Q2, through the month of May. Hundreds of The upcoming gubernatorial elections have causing up to 10 fatalities. In April, a young disabled orphans and children took to the created an atmosphere of increasing man was reportedly shot dead by suspected streets in protests of unpaid pensions, as political tension in Edo state. Two youth APC cultists in Egor. In May, four people were did 500 retired government workers the leaders were killed in Edo, one in Oredo and reportedly killed in clashes and reprisal week after. In Esan West, a student died in a one in Ikpoba-Okha. In April, four people attacks between Black Axe and Eiye cult protest at Auchi Polytechnic. were reportedly injured by attackers during groups in Oredo. In Ikpoba-Okha, a clash a political rally in Etsako West. Political thugs between the Maphats and Eyeh gangs left Other Incidents reportedly stopped an LGA chairman from one dead. entering his offices in Oredo, after the Most of the other reported cases related to decision to sack him was overturned by the Communal Violence violent criminality. High Court. In May, there were several reported cases of political tensions in Benin, Several people were killed in communal the state capital, following the impeachment

Incidents and Fatalities, Edo State LGA Level Fatalities, Edo State Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) 60

40 Worse

Better

Esan Esan SE Etsako East Oredo Esan NW West Esan NEOvia Ikpoba

2015 Q22015 Q32015 Q42016 Q12016 Q2

Okha

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 8 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Imo State

There has been a decrease in fatalities since West. In June, three members of a gang of Other Incidents December 2015, when 10 people were killed kidnappers were killed by a team of in an intra-communal clash over a tradition- policemen during an armed clash in Ohaji/ There were a number of incidents of al kingship in Oguta. Key drivers of conflict Egbema. In June, a student in Owerri West domestic violence and communal conflict in risk in in Q2 2016 for Imo include violent was reportedly kidnapped and killed by his Imo in Q2. In Owerri North, a man beat his criminality, cult violence, and protests. friends. While in Aboh Mbaise, youths wife to death. In Obowo, an 11-year old boy burned a man to death in an act of vigilante/ was killed by his cousin. mob justice, accusing him of ritual killings. Cult violence

There were rising inter-communal tensions Rival cult groups clashed and left two dead Protests about over land reported in Ideato South, in May. Separately, a 26-year old man was Isiala Mbano, Ohaji/Egbema and Oguta. reportedly killed in a clash between the Intra-communal tensions were also high in In April, women protested over the Debam and Deywell confraternities in Ohaji/ May in Isiala Mbano, where members of the persistent incidents of rape and killing of Egbema, who went on to have several Ihim Autonomous Community were women in Ehime-Mbano. Separately, youths violent altercations throughout the quarter. disputing over the traditional leadership. reportedly protested in the state capital Also in Ohaji/Egbema, the Awarra Town Hall over the selection of the director of the was burnt down by the Bimmup/Dewell An incident of alleged abuse by public state oil community development commis- Boys. security personnel was reported in June in sion. In May, members of the PDP took over Ohaji/Egbema. A man was handed to the state secretariat in an attempt to cancel soldiers by his employer over a missing sum Criminality the planned state congress. There were also of money, where he was then reportedly reported protests by government workers tortured and killed. In April, robbers reportedly killed two in Ezinihitte and Owerri during the quarter policemen and stole their guns in Ohaji/ over unpaid pensions and entitlements. In Egbema. The chairman of the state chapter May, 17 members of MASSOB, the sepa- of the National Association of Traders ratist movement for the region of Biafra, (NATS) was also reportedly killed in Owerri were arrested during a protest.

Incidents and Fatalities, Imo State LGA Level Fatalities, Imo State Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June)

30 Other Violence 25

Worse Gang/Communal Violence

10 Better 5

Ohaji/Egbeme OwerriWest OwerriNorth OruEast Obowo Ezinihitte

2015 Q22015 Q3 2015 Q42016 Q1 2016 Q2 Aboh

- Mbaise

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 9 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Ondo State

Violence in Ondo has been relatively steady Cult Violence Rufus Giwa Polytechnic and police in Owo. over the last year. Issues reported in Q2 The students were protesting against the included communal conflict, cult violence, police on behalf of two of their peers who Several incidents of cult violence were criminality, and protests. had been hit by a police car. There were reported in Q2. In May, a young man, who also reported protests by workers in Akure was alleged to be a member of Eiye and in Ondo West over unpaid salaries. Communal Violence Confraternity, was shot dead by members

of a rival cult group in Ondo town. Separate- Land conflict between pastoralists and ly, a leader of a cult group was reported Other Incidents farmers remained a driver of tensions and killed during a clash with a rival cult group in violence this quarter. In April, two members Akoko South. The victim was reportedly The other incidents in Ondo include cases of of the Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC) were killed in retaliation for the killing of a rival violent criminality. A traditional ruler in reported to have been killed by suspected cult member. Akure South was strangled to death by Fulani herdsmen in two separate incidents, three robbers and his personal belongings in Akure North. A Fulani herdsman was also Protests were stolen. A man also stole a goat and reportedly killed after his cattle had was subsequently lynched by a mob in allegedly destroyed farmland in Ifedore. Protests were prevalent throughout the Akure South. In May, two men got into a There were also reported attacks later in state during Q2. In April, there was a protest fight in Ese-Odo where one died during the April over farmland, also in Ifedore. by university students over the death of altercation, and the other was subsequently their colleague who was killed in an killed by the victim's relatives. Also that automobile accident in Akoko South West. month a school Vice-Principal in Okitipupa In June, one person was reported to have was reportedly killed by two men for been killed and several others injured unknown reasons. during a clash between students of the

Incidents and Fatalities, Ondo State LGA Level Fatalities, Ondo State Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) 40

25 Worse

15 Better 10

Akoko SW AkureSouth AkureNorth West Ondo Ifedore Owo 0 Okitpupa

2015 Q22015 Q32015 Q42016 Q12016 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 10 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

Regional Patterns and Trends in Conflict Risk — Rivers State

Rivers was one of the most violent states in people, including security personnel. students from the University of Port the Niger Delta this quarter, despite its Harcourt turned violent in April, resulting in decrease in violent incidents and fatalities in Violent Criminality clashes with police and two fatalities. The Q2 2016. During Q2, fatalities and conflict protest related to a University policy about incidents both dropped slightly, after Q1 Reported incidents of criminality during the exams, with the unrest causing a month- 2016 saw the highest number of fatalities in quarter included several kidnappings in long cancellation of classes. There were also the state since 2009. Port Harcourt was the Asari-Toru, Emuoha, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor, two student protests in Obio/Akpor, LGA with the highest number of violent Oyigbo, and Port Harcourt. There were also including one that turned violent and left incidents. Conflict risk reported in Q2 multiple counts of civilians killed by three dead. Like many other Niger Delta related to cult-related and political violence, unidentified gunmen or pirates. In Khana, States, pro-Biafran protests were staged to as well as criminality, and some incidents of three people were killed by gunmen for no mark the anniversary of the movement in communal violence in Tai and Gokana. In apparent reason. May. MASSOB held a protest in Port Q2, Rivers showed high numbers of Harcourt which resulted in 13 arrests. incidents of gender based violence and Gender-based Violence Employees from a telecommunications sexual abuse in Port Harcourt and Obio/ committee protested job cuts in April in Port Akpor LGAs. NSRP reported over two dozen cases of Harcourt. child abuse, sexual assault and domestic Cult Violence violence, mostly concentrated in Obio/Akpor Political Violence and Port Harcourt LGAs. Several incidents

Throughout Q2, dozens were reported killed related to the sexual assault of young girls Political tensions between party supporters in rival cult attacks in Ahoada, Emohua, by male relatives, teachers and acquaintanc- continued this quarter. In Gokana, an APC Ikwerre, Khana, Obio/Akpor, Ogba/Egbema/ es. In one incident reported in April, a young chieftain was shot dead while returning Ndoni, and Port Harcourt, as well as in girl was repeatedly raped by her guardian. home for his job as a university lecturer. In Emuoha where there were reported clashes Another incident in Obio/Akpor reported June in Abua/Odual, another chieftain of the between Greenlanders and Icelanders. In that a pregnant woman had been brutally APC was killed by unidentified gunmen. In the deadliest of these incidents, as many as raped, causing her to lose her baby. Eleme, a PDP chieftain was shot dead by two dozen people in Ikwerre were killed by unidentified gunmen, and similar events Greenlanders in a response to an earlier Protests occurred in Gokana, and Ogba/Egbema/ attack by the Icelanders. In Emuoha, cult Ndoni, all in April. members reportedly attacked a police Port Harcourt experienced a number of station, freed detainees, and killed twelve protests in Q2. A two-day protest by

Incidents and Fatalities, Rivers State LGA Level Fatalities, Rivers State Quarterly Trends Per Capita, 2016 (Apr-June) 250 Communal Conflict

200 Gang Violence

Political Violence Worse

150 Other Conflict

100 Better 50

Gokana Emuoha AhoadaEast Ogba/Egbema Ikwerre Tai Khana AhoadaWest Oyigbo PortHarcourt

2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2016 Q1 2016 Q2

Incidents Fatalities

Data for map and bar charts from ACLED and Nigeria Watch formatted and integrated on P4P Peace Map www.p4p-nigerdelta.org

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 11 NIGER DELTA QUARTERLY CONFLICT TRENDS: APRIL — J U N E 2 0 1 6

About Us

PIND The Fund For Peace The Projects

The Foundation for Part- The Fund for Peace IPDU: The Integrated nership Initiatives in the (FFP) is an independ- Peace and Development Niger Delta (PIND) is a ent, nonpartisan, Unit (IPDU) of PIND re- not-for-profit organization that develops 501(c)(3) non-profit research and education- sponds to emerging threats and mobilizes innovative partnerships for peacebuilding al organization founded over five decades appropriate actors and resources for pre- and sustainable livelihoods in the Niger Del- ago, headquartered in Washington D.C. FFP ventive interventions. ta. PIND has developed a Peace Map to works to prevent conflict and promote sus- P4P: Partners for Peace (P4P) is a network of bring together data on peace and conflict for tainable security by building relationships peace actors whose mission is to build social validation, triangulation and multi- and trust across diverse sectors and by de- capital around peacebuilding by amplifying stakeholder collaboration. veloping innovative technologies and tools. the voices of positive actors, and collaborat- ing on activities for conflict early warning, management, and prevention.

Inquiries Report Incidents: IPDU Early Warning System

Afeno Super Odomovo Please report any verified incident of conflict to the IPDU SMS early IPDU Research Coordinator warning system: Telephone: 08172401595 Email: [email protected] Text: 080 9936 2222

Kindly include the State, LGA, Town, Date, and brief incident description

PARTNERS FOR PEACE | FOUNDATION FO R PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES IN THE NIGER DELTA | THE FUND FOR PEACE 12