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The Identity of the Catholic Church in Igboland, Nigeria

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The Identity of the Catholic Church in Igboland, Nigeria John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Faculty of Theology Rev. Fr. Edwin Chukwudi Ezeokeke Index Number: 139970 THE IDENTITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN IGBOLAND, NIGERIA Doctoral Thesis in Systematic Theology written under the supervision of Rev. Fr. Dr hab. Krzysztof Kaucha, prof. KUL Lublin 2018 1 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the growth, strength and holiness of the Catholic Church in Igboland and the entire Universal Church. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I give praise and glory to God Almighty, the creator and author of my being, essence and existence. I sincerely thank my Lord Bishop, Most Rev. Paulinus Chukwuemeka Ezeokafor for his paternal blessings, support and sponsorship. With deepest sentiments of gratitude, I thank tremendously my beloved parents, my siblings, my in-laws, friends and relatives for their great kindness and love. My unalloyed gratitude at this point goes to my brother priests here in Europe and America, Frs Anthony Ejeziem, Peter Okeke, Joseph Ibeanu and Paul Nwobi for their fraternal love and charity. My immeasurable gratitude goes to my distinguished and erudite moderator, Prof. Krzysztof Kaucha for his assiduousness, meticulosity and dedication in the moderation of this project. His passion for and profound lectures on Fundamental Theology offered me more stimulus towards developing a deeper interest in this area of ecclesiology. He guided me in formulating the theme and all through the work. I hugely appreciate his scholarly guidance, constant encouragement, thoughtful insights, valuable suggestions, critical observations and above all, his friendly approach. I also thank the Rector and all the Professors at John Paul II Catholic University, Lublin, Poland. Indeed, I am exceptionally grateful to all my abroadian friends who have been very helpful to me. Among them are: Very Rev. Msgr Marc Filacchione (Director, Propaganda Fidei, Archdiocese of New York), Very Rev. Fr. Myles Murphy (Pastor, Our Lady of Victory Church, New York), Adelina & Gregory Fernandez, Aida Esposito, Gladys Cruz, Brenda Lewis, Agnes Wimmersberger, Maria & Simon Auinger, Hermine & Gehard Hofmann, Benedethe Imeh and Charity Ubawike. For proofreading this work, I thank you eminently Dr. Uche Uzoh and Gyna Luszeka. With a heart overwhelmed with gratitude, I sincerely remember all those who made this day a reality. May your blessings be infinite. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………...02 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………..........02 TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………..........03 ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………........07 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………….10 CHAPTER ONE HISTORICAL IDENTITY………………………………………………………………...26 I. Beginning of the Catholic Church in Igboland………………………………………....28 1. Background to the Establishment of the Catholic Church in Igboland.........................28 2. The Founding of the Catholic Church in Igboland (1885)……………………………33 A. Arrival and Choice of Onitsha as a Base…………………………………………34 B. The First Catholic Mission House at Onitsha…………………………………….35 3. The Apostolic Prefecture and Apostolic Vicariate of the Lower Niger in Igboland….37 4. Initial Problems and Setbacks Encountered by the Early Catholic Missionaries in Igboland………………………………………………………………………………42 II. Main Periods in the History of the Catholic Church in Igboland and Their Inputs to the Identity of the Igbo Catholicism…………………………………………45 1. The Period of the French Missionaries (1885-1905)………………………………….45 A. Charity as Instrument of Evangelization …………………………………............47 B. Hospitals and Medical Services as Missionary Methods…………………………48 C. Religious Activities and Catechetical Instructions……………………………….49 D.Workshops and Rehabilitation Homes……………………………………………51 E. Purchase, Freeing and Redemption of Slaves…………………………………….52 F. Building of the Christian Village…………………………………………………53 G. Agriculture and Plantation Projects………………………………………………55 2. The Period of the Irish Missionaries (1905-1967)…………………………………….55 A. Use of Schools and Education……………………………………………………58 B. The Role of Teacher-Catechists…………………………………………………..60 C. Beautiful Liturgical Celebrations and Aesthetic Appeals………………………...61 3. The Period of the Indigenous Missionaries (1967 Till Date)………………………….63 A. Diocesan and Parish Councils…………………………………………………….65 B. Lay Organizations………………………………………………………………....66 C. Church Commissions……………………………………………………………...70 D. Directorates and Advisory Councils………………………………………………71 III. Historical Events Establishing the Identity of the Catholic Church in Igboland…..72 1. Conversion and Baptism of King Idigo………………………………………………..72 2. Conversion and Election of John Samuel Okolo Okosi as a King of Onitsha………...75 3. Ordination of the First Indigenous Priest: Rev. Fr. John Cross Anyogu……………...77 4. Appointment of Archbishop Francis Arinze both as a Pro-President of the Secretariat for Non-Christian Religions and as a Cardinal……………………………78 5. Apostolic Visits of Pope John Paul II to Nigeria……………………………………...79 3 6. Beatification of Rev. Father Cyprain Michael Iwene Tansi…………………………...80 7. Bigard Memorial Major Seminary Enugu, Nigeria……………………………………81 IV. Present Identity of the Catholic Church in Igboland………………………………...82 1. A Flourishing Church………………………………………………………………….82 2. The Kernel of Catholic Evangelism in Nigeria and Other Parts of Africa…………….83 3. A Land of Great Vocation to the Catholic Priesthood and a Missionary Church……..84 4. The Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi Home Church……………………………85 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………….85 CHAPTER TWO SOCIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY…………………………………………………………87 I. Socialization in Igbo Society……………………………………………………………..87 1. Agents of Socialization in Igboland…………………………………………………...88 A. Family……………………………………………………………………………88 B. Igbo Traditional Institutions……………………………………………………...89 C. Peer Groups………………………………………………………………………90 D. Church……………………………………………………………………………91 E. School…………………………………………………………………………….96 F. Mass Media……………………………………………………………….............96 II. Understanding the Concept of Culture……………………………………………….96 III. The Interplay between Culture and Christian Message in Igboland……………...100 IV. The Contributions of the Catholic Church to the Socio-Cultural Growth and Development of the Igbo Society……………………………………………………..103 1. Contribution to Education……………………………………………………………104 2. Contribution to Medical Services…………………………………………………….114 3. Contribution to Language and Literature…………………………………………….120 4. Contribution to Journalism…………………………………………………………...123 5. Contribution to Liturgy and Music…………………………………………………...125 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………...127 CHAPTER THREE MORAL AND THEOLOGICAL IDENTITY…………………………………………...129 I. Identity in the Field of Morality………………………………………………………..129 1. The Concept of Morality in Igbo Traditional Society………………………………..131 A. The Moral Life of the Igbo People……………………………………………..131 B. The Igbo Traditional Moral Code………………………………………………133 C. The Igbo Sense of Moral Values and Social Taboos…………………………...134 2. The Moral Aspect of Igbo Catholicism………………………………………………135 A. Reception of the Universal Catholic Moral Teachings…………………………136 B. Ten Commandments……………………………………………………………137 II. Theological (Ecclesiological) Identity…………………………………………………140 1. Universal Theological (Ecclesiological) Identity of the Catholic Church………..….140 2. Particular Theological (Ecclesiological) Identity of the Igbo Catholic Church……...142 4 A. As Members of God’s Family (Community of Believers)……………………..143 B. As Adopted Children of God…………………………………………………...145 C. As Disciples of Jesus……………………………………………………………146 D. Awareness of Her Call to Holiness……………………………………………..147 E. An Enduring Church in Anticipation of Eternal Glory…………………………148 F. A Source of Christ’s Light in Igboland…………………………………………149 G. Her Call to Evangelization and Mission………………………………………..149 H. Her Call to Love, Charity, Mercy and Service…………………………………151 III. The Identity in the Local Churches in Igboland………………….…………………152 A. Archdiocese of Onitsha……………………………………………………...….154 B. Diocese of Enugu……………………………………………………………….156 C. Diocese of Abakaliki……………………………………………………………158 D. Diocese of Awka………………………………………………………………..160 E. Diocese of Nsukka……………………………………………………………....162 F. Diocese of Nnewi……………………………………………………………….164 G. Diocese of Awgu……………………………………………………………….165 A. Archdiocese of Owerri………………………………………………….……....166 B. Diocese of Umuahia…………………………………………………………….168 C. Diocese of Orlu…………………………………………………………………170 D. Diocese of Okigwe……………………………………………………………...171 E. Diocese of Ahiara……………………………………………………………….172 F. Diocese of Aba………………………………………………………………….173 IV. Corporate Personal and Community Identity of the Igbo Catholicism………….. 174 1. Blessed from Igboland……………………………………………………………….175 2. Catholic Communities………………………………………………………………..177 A. Zones……………………………………………………………………………177 B. Outstations………………………………………………………………………178 C. Parishes…………………………………………………………………............179 D. Deaneries………………………………………………………………………..179 E. Regions………………………………………………………………………….180 3. Religious Congregations in Igboland………………………………………………...180 A. Women Religious Congregations………………………………………………181 B. Men Religious Congregations…………………………………………………..183 4. Religious Movements and Societies…………………………………………………183 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………...186 CHAPTER FOUR PASTORAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………188 I. Pastoral Methods and Evangelization Strategies of the Igbo Catholicism…………..188 II. Challenges and Obstacles to the Identity of the Catholic Church in
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