ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR OF SOLAR STREETLIGHTS IN TOWNSHIP AND RURAL COMMUNITIES (Kwara, Kogi, Osun, Oyo, Nassarawa and Ekiti States) A. S. OLADEJI B. F. SULE A. BALOGUN I. T. ADEDAYO B. N. LAWAL TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 11 ISBN: 978-978-57350-2-4 NATIONAL CENTRE FOR HYDROPOWER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA DECEMBER, 2013 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ii List of Figures iii List of Table iii 1.0 Introduction 2 1.1Background 2 1.2Objectives 4 2. 0Assessment of ECN 2008/2009 Rural Solar Streetlight Projects 5 2.1 Results of 2012 Re-assessment Exercise 5 2.1.1 Nasarawa State 5 2.1.1.1 Keffi 5 2.1.2 Kogi State 5 2.1.2.1 Banda 5 2.1.2.2 Kotonkarfi 5 2.1.2.3 Anyigba 5 2.1.2.4 Dekina 6 2.1.2.5 Egume 6 2.1.2.6 Acharu/Ogbogodo/Itama/Elubi 6 2.1.2.7 Abejukolo-Ife/Iyale/Oganenigu 6 2.1.2.8 Inye/Ofuigo/Enabo 6 2.1.2.9 Ankpa 6 2.1.2.10 Okenne 7 2.1.2.11 Ogaminana/Ihima 7 2.1.2.12 Kabba 7 2.1.2.13 Isanlu/Egbe 7 2.1.2.14 Okpatala-Ife / Dirisu / Obakume 7 2.1.2.15 Okpo / Imane 7 2.1.2.16 Gboloko / Odugbo / Mazum 8 2.1.2.17 Onyedega / Unale / Odeke 8 2.1.2.18 Ugwalawo /FGC / Umomi 8 2.1.2.19 Anpaya 8 2.1.2.20 Baugi 8 2.1.2.21 Mabenyi-Imane 9 ii 2.1.3 Oyo State 9 2.1.3.1 Gambari 9 2.1.3.2 Ajase 9 2.1.4 Kwara State 9 2.1.4.1Alaropo 9 2.1.5 Ekiti State 9 2.1.5.1 Iludun-Ekiti 9 2.1.5.2 Emure-Ekiti 9 2.1.5.3 Imesi-Ekiti 10 2.1.6 Osun State 10 2.1.6.1 Ile-Ife 10 2.1.6.3 Oke Obada 10 2.1.6.4 Ijebu-Jesa / Ere-Jesa 11 2.2 Summary Report of 2012 Re-Assessment Exercise, Recommendations and Cost for the Repair 11 2.3 Results of 2013 Re-assessment Exercise 27 2.2.1 Results of the Re-assessment Exercise 27 2.3.1.1 Results of Reassessment Exercise at Emir‟s Palace Ilorin, Kwara State 27 2.3.1.2 Results of Re-assessment Exercise at Gambari, Ogbomoso 28 2.3.1.3 Results of Re-assessment Exercise at Inisha 1&2, Osun State 30 3.0 Repairs Works 32 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 Gambari, Surulere, Local Government, Ogbomoso 33 3.3 Inisha 2, Osun State 34 4. 0Finance 35 4.1 Funding and Expenditure 35 5.0 Challenges and Recommendations 36 5.1 Challenges 36 5.2 Recommendations 36 References 38 Appendices 39 iii List of Figures Figure 1: Solar Radiation Map of Nigeria 3 Figure 2: Global solar Insolation Map 4 List of Tables Table 1: Summary Report of 2012 Re-Assessment Exercise, Recommendations and Cost for the Repair 11 Table 2: Results of the Re-assessment of 50 Poles of Solar Streetlights at Emirs Palace, Ilorin 28 Table 3: Results of Re-assessment of 34 Poles of Solar Steetlights at Gambari, Ogbomoso 29 Table 4: Distribution of Solar Streetlights among Rural Settlements in Gambari, Ogomoso 30 Table 5: Results of Re-assessment of 70 poles of solar streetlight at Inisha1, Osun State 31 Table 6: Results of the Repair Work Carried out at Emir’s Palace, Ilorin 32 Table 7: Results of the Repair Work Carried out at Gambari, Ogbomoso. 33 Table 8: Results of Repair Work Carried Out At Inisha 1 34 iv 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The sun radiates energy of about 3.5 × 1014 푘푊 into space and only 2 × 1014푘푊 reaches the earth (Gupta, 2000). Converting even a part of the solar energy at a very low efficiency can produce more energy than could conceivably be harnessed or utilized for power generation and in many other applications .Even if 90 percent of the solar energy reaching the earth is lost by reflection, refraction and absorption in the outer layers of the atmosphere, the quantity available at the surface will be about2 × 1014 푘푊, which is equivalent to the burning of some 17 million tonne of coal (Gupta, 2000). This stupendous solar energy, which is non- exhaustible and completely pollution free could drive the civilization for life if it is properly and economically harnessed. Some parts of the country are endowed with an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. The insolation levels in the country range between 3.5kWh/m2/day to 7.0kWh/m2/day (Sambo, 2008). The insolation level varies within a small range throughout the year and is strong enough available to run solar conversion devices like a photovoltaic system, flat plate collectors efficiently for producing hot water among others. The map of solar insolation of the country and World map of potential solar power (solar insolation in kWh/m2/day) are shown in Figure 1 & 2 below. For the socio-economic development of world‟s poorest countries, increasing access to electricity is very crucial. An estimated 1.5 billion people in developing countries have no access to electricity, with more than 80 per cent of these living in sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia. (Legros et al, 2009). The problem is most acute in remote areas: 89 per cent of people in rural sub-Saharan Africa live without electricity (majorly for lighting purpose), which is more than twice the proportion (46 per cent) in urban areas (Legros et al, 2009). Also, as shown in Figure 2 the countries that receive the most solar energy are often also the ones least able to benefit from it, due to a lack of knowledge, political will, corruption and capacity to harness solar power and convert it into electricity. Clean, good and quality street lighting contributes to the quality of life (especially in rural areas of the world), by improving personal safety and perceived safety, and improving the appearance of the local environment. For this reason, citizens put high expectations on the local, 1 state and federal government agencies to provide appropriate street lighting especially in the rural areas of the country. Moreover, the demand for street lighting has a great impact on the available electrical generation coupled with the effect of global warming and climate change. In order to provide a clean (environmental friendly), good and quality streetlight to the people in rural areas of the country (Nigeria), the Federal Government of Nigeria embarked on the installation of solar streetlights in rural areas of the country as a pilot project in various constituencies. Unfortunately, these projects were not properly designed based on the available solar insolation. The installations were also defective and these led to the malfunctioning of the system. There was no proper matching between PV, battery, and the charge controller. This report briefly gives the report of the assessment of the 2009 solar streetlights constituency project at: various locations in Kwara, Kogi, Oyo Osun, Nassarawa and Ekiti States. The report also highlighted the repair works carried out at selected locations, the challenges and recommendations to improve on future solar streetlight projects. Figure 1: Solar Radiation Map of Nigeria 2 Source:http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/renewable-energy-resources/world/africa/solar-africa/solar-nigeria.shtml 1.2 Objectives The main objectives of the work are: To assess the performance of ECN 2008/2009 Solar Streetlight pilot projects. To carry out repairs of faulty solar streetlight based on the outcome of the assessment of the projects To give professional recommendations for the optimum performance of the solar streetlight in the country. Figure 2: Global solar Insolation Map Source:http://www.scidev.net/global/energy/feature/solar-power-for-the-poor-facts-and-figures-1.htm 3 2.0 Assessment of ECN 2008/2009 Rural Solar Streetlight Projects 2.1 Results of 2012 Re-assessment Exercise The re-assessment exercise of solar installations in, Nasarawa State, Kogi State, Oyo State, Kwara State and Ekiti State started on Tuesday 24th April, 2012 as directed by the Energy Commission of Nigeria that 2008/2009 solar projects in these catchment areas should be re- assessed. Two teams were deployed by the Centre to carry out the re-assessment exercise. The results of the re-assessment exercise are summarized below. 2.1.1 Nasarawa State 2.1.1.1 Keffi The solar street lights were completely installed in Keffi, Nasarawa State but about 45% of the batteries were not functioning well as at the time of this re-assessment. The orientations of most installed solar panels were wrong. 2.1.2 Kogi State 2.1.2.1 Banda At Banda near Lokoja in Kogi State, most of the PV panels installed were not well oriented and all of them were not functioning well. 2.1.2.2 Kotonkarfi In Kotonkarfi, the orientations of the solar street lights were inconsistent and about 45% of the Street lights were not functioning well. 2.1.2.3 Anyigba It was discovered during the re-assessment exercise at Ayigba that Most of the solar street lights were bad and do not last for more than 1 hour in the night due to batteries and charge controller problems. The percentage of good to bad had reduced to 50:50 4 2.1.2.4 Dekina At Dekina also in Kogi State, Some PV were also not in the right direction.