Cluster Bombs and Landmines in Kosovo
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Waging War Land Mines
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE April 2002 StateStateMagazine Waging War on Land Mines StateState Magazine April 2002 Contents No. 456 Department of State • United States of America 7 Post of the Month: Tunis 11 COLUMNS Diplomats have come here for two centuries. 2 From the Secretary 11 Office of the Month: Civil Rights Diversity improves the process and product. 6 Direct from the D.G. 14 Land Mines DEPARTMENTS They are Afghanistan’s hidden killers. 3 Letters to the Editor 18 Delegation Visits Air War College 4 In the News Education and training are at forefront. 26 Education & Training 20 Language Immersion Hue hosts intrepid students from Hanoi. 28 Medical Report 23 Supporting ‘Enduring Freedom’ 30 Appointments Political-Military Bureau is behind the scenes. 31 Personnel Actions 25 FSI Launches New Publications 32 Obituaries Training continuums underscore commitment. Photo by Dave Krecke Dave Photo by OCR’s Terrence Edwards and Gracie Minnis in a mock ADR Session. The columns of Capitolano at 7 Dougga, in Tunisia. On the Cover An Afghan searches for land mines near Kabul. Photo by Brennan Linsley/AP Photos Photo by Steve Vidler/PictureQuest Steve Photo by FROM THE SECRETARY SECRETARY COLIN L. POWELL Making Our Case on Capitol Hill t’s that time again, the beginning of the annual We are also asking Congress to keep funding our pro- Icongressional appropriations process. grams to upgrade and enhance our worldwide security Last year, we made a strong case to Congress for the readiness, including money to hire security agents and additional resources we need to strengthen our ability conduct counterterrorism programs. -
Landmines and Spatial Development∗
Landmines and Spatial Development∗ Giorgio Chiovelliy Stelios Michalopoulosz London Business School Brown University, CEPR and NBER Elias Papaioannoux London Business School, CEPR June 20, 2018 ∗We thank UK's Department of Foreign International Development (DFID) and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) for generous funding via the PEDL programme. We are grateful to London Business School Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship for supporting this research, as well as the UKs EPSRC. A special thanks to Sebastian Hohmann for help in various phases and aspects of this project. We would like to thank Suzana Moreira and the MoWoza team for helping us collect and organize some of the data. We would like to thank all demining operators involved in the Mine Action program in Mozambique and, in particular, APOPO, HALO Trust, Handicap International (Humanity and Inclusion), and Norwegian's People Aid for kindly sharing the original data on their interventions and generously sharing their expert knowledge and on-the-ground experience. This project could not have been completed without the generous support of many dedicated individuals. We are thankful to Olivier Cottray, Anne-Li Naucler, and Wendi Pedersen from the Geneva International Center for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) for assisting us in various stages of this project. We are truly grateful to Alberto Maverengue Augusto from Mozambiques National Institute of Demining; Mica Bevington, Jean-Baptiste Richard, and Gilles Delecourt, Alma Al Osta, and Emanuel Sauvage from Humanity and Inclusion; Camille Wallen and Rachel Boddy from HALO Trust; Afedra Robert Iga and Hans Peter Risser from NPA; Ashley S. Fitzpatrick and Tess Tewelde from APOPO; Chris Pearce and Richard Holmes from Dynasafe; Manuel Sitoe from UNADP. -
Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For
LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide. -
Alternative Anti-Personnel Mines the Next Generations Landmine Action Consists of the Following Co-Operating Organisations
Alternative anti-personnel mines The next generations Landmine Action consists of the following co-operating organisations: ActionAid International Alert Refugee Council Action for Southern Africa Jaipur Limb Campaign Royal College of Paediatrics & Action on Disability and Development Jesuit Refugee Service Child Health Adopt-A-Minefield UK MEDACT Saferworld Afghanaid Medical & Scientific Aid for Vietnam Laos & Save the Children UK Amnesty International UK Cambodia Soroptimist International UK Programme Action Committee CAFOD Medical Educational Trust Tearfund Cambodia Trust Merlin United Nations Association Campaign Against Arms Trade Mines Advisory Group United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UK Child Advocacy International Motivation VERTIC Christian Aid Mozambique Angola Committee War Child Comic Relief Omega Foundation War on Want Concern Worldwide One World Action Welsh Centre for International Affairs Disability Awareness in Action Oxfam GB Women’s International League for Peace & Environmental Investigation Agency Pax Christi Freedom Global Witness Peace Pledge Union World Vision UK Handicap International (UK) People and Planet Hope for Children POWER Human Rights Watch Quaker Peace & Service The member organisations of the German Initiative to Ban Landmines are: Bread for the World Social Service Agency of the Evangelical Church Misereor Christoffel Mission for the Blind in Germany Oxfam Germany German Justitia et Pax Commission Eirene International Pax Christi German Committee for Freedom from Hunger Handicap International Germany -
Kosovo Political Economy Analysis Final Report
KOSOVO POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 26, 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Management Systems International, A Tetra Tech Company. KOSOVO POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT December 26, 2017 IDIQ No. AID-167-I-17-00002 Award No: AID-167-TO-17-00009 Prepared by Management Systems International (MSI), A Tetra Tech Company 200 12th St South, Suite 1200 Arlington, VA, USA 22202 DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of the Management Systems International and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTENTS Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7 A. Foundational Factors ........................................................................................................................................... 7 B. Rules -
Lessons from Iraq and Afghanistan: Is It Time for the United States to Sign the Ottawa Treaty and End the Use of Landmines?
RIZER FORMATTED POST PROOF EDIT.DOC 2/1/2013 1:19 PM LESSONS FROM IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN: IS IT TIME FOR THE UNITED STATES TO SIGN THE OTTAWA TREATY AND END THE USE OF LANDMINES? ARTHUR RIZER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 36 II. HISTORY ......................................................................................... 37 A. History of Landmines Warfare ........................................... 37 1. The First Silent Killers .................................................. 37 2. The Revolution of Landmines ...................................... 40 3. With Sticks and Duct Tape: IEDs ................................. 42 B. History of the Law .............................................................. 43 1. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons ............ 43 2. Ottawa Treaty ............................................................... 46 3. The United States’ Role in Landmine Law .................. 49 C. Reconciling the Law and the Weapons ............................... 53 III. A NEW DIRECTION: SECURITY PRAGMATISM ................................ 54 A. Morality is Not Relative ..................................................... 55 B. Military Effectiveness ......................................................... 63 C. Power in Numbers ............................................................... 66 IV. THE OTHER SIDE: COUNTERARGUMENTS ...................................... 68 * Arthur Rizer is a prosecutor with the United States -
GOLDMINE? a Critical Look at the Commercialization of Afghan Demining
Bolton, Matthew GOLDMINE? A Critical Look at the Commercialization of Afghan Demining Centre for the Study of Global Governance (LSE) Research Paper 01/2008 Centre for the Study of Global Governance London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global 1 GOLDMINE ? A Critical Look at the Commercialization of Afghan Demining Matthew Bolton Centre for the Study of Global Governance London School of Economics and Political Science This research is funded in part by the Economic and Social Research Council All text, graphics and photos © Matthew Bolton, 2008. 2 Contents Acronyms........................................................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 5 1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 8 2. A Brief History of Afghan Demining ....................................................................... 10 2.1 The Three Roots of Afghan Demining, 1987-1994............................................ 10 2.2. UN Hegemony, 1994-2001................................................................................ 19 2.3. The 9/11 Sea Change ......................................................................................... 23 2.4. Summary........................................................................................................... -
The U.S. Army's Countermine Training Support Center and Humanitarian Demining Training Center
Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 5 Issue 1 The Journal of Mine Action Article 17 April 2001 The U.S. Army's Countermine Training Support Center and Humanitarian Demining Training Center Joseph M. Donahue Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Donahue, Joseph M. (2001) "The U.S. Army's Countermine Training Support Center and Humanitarian Demining Training Center," Journal of Mine Action : Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 17. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol5/iss1/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Donahue: The U.S. Army's Countermine Training Support Center and Humanitarian Demining Training Center Asia & the Pacific CTSC & HDTC The U.S. Army's Countermine Training Support action community will be much better for specific mine action services. equipped to interact and cooperate in RONCO was tasked by DoS to the field. " Collaboration between provide HDTC with rwo experienced Center and Humanitarian Demining Training Center military and NGO mine action mine action technicians ro serve as organizations is essential to resolving instructors. During the author's In response to fo rmer Presid ent Clinton's Landmine policy directives, th e U.S. -
THE UNITED NATIONS MINE ACTION SERVICE Annual Report 2011 Summary and Highlights II
I THE UNITED NATIONS MINE ACTION SERVICE Annual Report 2011 Summary and Highlights II “Mine action programmes make an invaluable contribution to post-conflict recovery, humanitarian relief efforts, peace operations and development initiatives. Mine action sets communities on course toward lasting stability.” UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL BAN KI-MOON III THE UNITED NATIONS MINE ACTION SERVICE Annual Report 2011 Summary and Highlights IV V CONTRIBUTORS Andorra Finland New Zealand Australia Germany Oman Austria International Road Transport Union Romania Ballard Community High School Italy Spain Canada Japan Switzerland Common Humanitarian Fund Republic of Korea United Arab Emirates Colombia Liechtenstein United Kingdom Denmark Lithuania United States Estonia Luxembourg European Union Netherlands VI VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 1 Acronyms 3 Executive Summary 6 I. Normative Frameworks: Enhancing Global Peace, Security and Development 9 II. Coordination and Consultation Mechanisms to Increase Value for Money 9 III. Operational Effectiveness: Enabling Wider Humanitarian, Peace and Development Dividends 9 IV. Advocating for International Humanitarian, Human Rights and Disarmament Norms 10 V. Communicating to the Public and Other Constituencies 10 VI. Country Programmes: Saving Lives, Fostering Stability, Building Sustainable Livelihoods 12 VII. National Programmes Supported by UNMAS 19 VIII. UNMAS Support to Other Programmes: Facilitating Peace and Recovery 20 IV. Funding Sources and Financial Performance of UNMAS Mine Action Programmes 22 VIII 1 FOREWORD As the new Chair of the Inter-Agency Coordination UN Member States both through assessed funds for Group for Mine Action, I am pleased to present the mine action components in peacekeeping operations 2011 Annual Report of the UN Mine Action Service and through considerable contributions to the UN (UNMAS) in the Department of Peacekeeping Voluntary Trust Fund (VTF). -
Landmine Clearance Projects: Task Manager’S Guide
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PAPERS Conflict Prevention & Reconstruction Paper No. 10 / November 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Landmine Clearance Projects: Task Manager’s Guide Public Disclosure Authorized ____________________ Jacques Buré Pierre Pont Public Disclosure Authorized The Working Papers Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage discussion and exchange of ideas on conflict and development issues. Papers I this series are not formal publications of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive directors, or the countries they represent. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The series is edited by the Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit in the Social Development Department of the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network for the World Bank. To request copies of the paper or more information on the series, please contact the CPR Unit at [email protected]. Papers are also available on the CPR Unit’s website: http://www.worldbank.org/conflict under publications. Printed on Recycled Paper 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction................................................................................................................................1 II. Bank Guidelines on Landmine Clearance ............................................................................3 III. Complying with Bank Guidelines -
Contemporary Changes in the Ethnic Structure of the Population in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/bnsr10-25625 Vol. 10, No. 2, 2020, pp. 23-27. Original Scientific Paper CONTEMPORARY CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA SAŠA MILOSAVLJEVIĆ1, JOVO MEDOJEVIĆ1 1Faculty of Sciences, University in Priština – Kosovska Mtrovica, Kosovska Mtrovica, Serbia ABSTRACT Twenty years (1999 - 2019) after the end of the conflict in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, it can be stated that nowhere in Europe is there such ethnic segregation of the population as is the case with the AP of Kosovo and Metohija. Following the withdrawal of pumped security forces from the entire territory of Kosovo and Metohija and the entry of the United Nations peacekeeping force into the Serbian Autonomous Province, Kosovo Albanians carried out their persecution from Kosovo through terrorist attacks on Serbs and other non- Albanian populations (Montenegrins, Gorans, Roma, Ashkali) carried out their persecution from Kosovo and Metohija and fundamentally changed the ethnic structure of the Province. An insight into the majority of 223.081 exiles and displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija indicates an exodus against the Serbs. The number of displaced Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians is estimated at about 100.000. The mass persecution of the Serb and other non-Albanian populations has resulted in tremendous changes in the ethnic structure of the Province, which today, with 93% of the total population, is dominated by Albanians, while other ethnic communities have a participation of 7%. Кeywords: Population, Ethnicity, Kosovo and Metohija. destroyed. The same tendencies have continued to this day, along INTRODUCTION with the desecration of cemeteries, stoning and burning of the returnees’ homes (Medojević & Milosavljević, 2019a). -
Utilizing Advances in Industrial Dual Beam X-Ray Scanners to Create New Capabilities in Humanitarian Demining and Explosive Detection
Utilizing advances in industrial dual beam x-ray scanners to create new capabilities in humanitarian demining and explosive detection C. Murray Bartle,∗ Chris Kr¨oger,and William Stephenson GNS Science, PO Box 31312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (Dated: June 20, 2008) Humanitarian de-mining requires 100% detection and removal of landmines to enable safe use of a region. Progress in removing approximately 50 million landmines spread throughout over 70 coun- ties is not fast enough. The hope is that non-invasive radiation-based detection technologies will yield radical better approaches to this problem. Improved sensitivity of the x-rays technologies in analyzing compositions of materials is occurring in industry. More directly dual energy x-ray ab- sorption (DEXA) systems link the effective atomic number to composition change while maintaining high throughputs in often demanding operational environments. This report discusses the field tri- als of a DEXA scanner and the potential to transfer the trial findings to improved mine detection. The scanner reported on is the Smiths Eagle FA 720 “Bulk” a new version of which is just being released in the USA [1]. It is in terms of the new industrial capability that a radical new capability may be possible in mine detection. This report examines in what way such new capability may be implemented. I. INTRODUCTION have continued to advance rapidly whereas neutron tech- nologies in part through limited implementations have One outcome sought from this Technical Meeting is developed less. It is no accident that x-rays are the pre- to set a pathway to a radically new capability in mine ferred scanning technology in medicine, security and in- detection.