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The-Event-Safety-Guide.Pdf The Event Safety Guide A Guide to Health, Safety and Welfare at Live Entertainment Events in the United States Created by the Event Safety Alliance Edited by Donald C. Cooper The Event Safety Guide A guide to health, safety and welfare at live entertainment events in the United States THE EVENT SAFETY GUIDE ISBN 978-0-9889154-1-1 (print) © 2013 Event Safety Alliance of USA, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9889154-0-4 (ebook) First Edition, November 21, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Reference in this document to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Event Safety Alliance. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher, the authors and contributors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher, the authors and contributors be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document or its use. Images, graphics and photographs in this document are either the property of the Event Safety Alliance or are used with permission of the owners. Use of these images by third parties is prohibited unless expressly given with the Event Safety Alliance or any third party it deems necessary. Any unauthorized use of these images may violate copyright laws, trademark laws, the laws of privacy and publicity, and other applicable regulations. Applicants for reproduction should be made in writing to: Event Safety Alliance of USA, Inc. 8776 E. Shea Boulevard, Suite 106-510 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 or email at: [email protected] Further information on the Event Safety Alliance can be found at http://eventsafetyalliance.org/ Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data The event safety guide : a guide to health, safety and welfare at live entertainment events in the United States / Event Safety Alliance of USA, Inc. ; Donald C. Cooper, editor. -- First edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9889154-1-1 (print) ISBN 978-0-9889154-0-4 (ebook) 1. Special events industry--United States. 2. Special events--Management. 3. Industrial safety. I. Event Safety Alliance of USA, Inc. GT3406.U6E94 2013 394.2'068 QBI13-600190 Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 http://eventsafetyalliance.org/ Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................5 Major Considerations Common to All Events 2. Planning and Management ...........................................................................................................9 3. Major Incident (Emergency) Planning.......................................................................................26 4. Fire Safety ..................................................................................................................................35 5. Medical, Ambulance and First Aid Management .....................................................................62 6. Communication ..........................................................................................................................76 7. Weather Preparedness ................................................................................................................84 8. Venue and Site Design ...............................................................................................................90 Managing the Patron Experience 9. Crowd Management .................................................................................................................103 10. Children..................................................................................................................................118 11. Facilities for People with Special Needs ...............................................................................140 12. Transportation Management ..................................................................................................145 13. Food, Drink and Water ..........................................................................................................151 14. Sanitary Facilities ...................................................................................................................155 15. Waste Management ................................................................................................................160 Protecting Workers and the Work Site 16. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ...................................................................................164 17. Electrical Installations and Lighting ......................................................................................175 18. Rigging ...................................................................................................................................180 19. Structures ...............................................................................................................................192 20. Pyrotechnics, Fireworks and Flame Effects...........................................................................205 21. Special Effects and Lasers .....................................................................................................235 22. Sound: Noise and Vibration ...................................................................................................241 23. Barriers ...................................................................................................................................251 Managing the Show 24. Merchandising and Special Licensing ...................................................................................258 25. Performers ..............................................................................................................................261 26. Camping .................................................................................................................................263 27. TV and Media ........................................................................................................................269 The Event Safety Guide (v1.1) 1 http://eventsafetyalliance.org/ Contents (continued) Event-Specific Considerations 28. Large Events ..........................................................................................................................273 29. Unfenced or Unticketed Events, Including Radio Roadshows ..............................................277 30. Electronic Music and Other All Night Events .......................................................................281 31. Arena Events ..........................................................................................................................287 32. Conventions and Trade Shows...............................................................................................291 33. Small Events ..........................................................................................................................302 34. Classical Music Events ..........................................................................................................304 35. Amusements, Attractions and Promotional Displays ............................................................306 36. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................316 37. References ..............................................................................................................................318 38. Glossary of Useful Terms ......................................................................................................329 39. Useful Addresses ...................................................................................................................339 Appendix A – The National Incident Management System (NIMS) and ICS ............................341 Appendix B1 – Bomb Threat Checklist .......................................................................................351 Appendix B2 – Bomb Threat Stand-Off ......................................................................................352 Appendix C – Requirements for Outdoor Event Structures, Preparation Checklist ....................353 Appendix D – Requirements for Outdoor Event Structures, Key Personnel ...............................354 2 The Event Safety Guide (v1.1) http://eventsafetyalliance.org/ Foreword The Event Safety Alliance was born at a time of crisis. Several high-profile incidents threatened the reputation of the live event industry, which had previously maintained a generally positive safety record. It became apparent that systemic issues affecting safety had to be identified and addressed in order to avoid further tragedies. As a group of experienced event professionals began to explore these issues, we concluded
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