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Types Theory and Lexical Semantics Robin Cooper, Christian Retoré Extended abstracts of the ESSLLI 2015 workshop TYTLES: Types Theory and Lexical Semantics Robin Cooper, Christian Retoré To cite this version: Robin Cooper, Christian Retoré. Extended abstracts of the ESSLLI 2015 workshop TYTLES: Types Theory and Lexical Semantics. Aug 2015, Barcelona, Spain. 2015. hal-01584832v2 HAL Id: hal-01584832 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01584832v2 Submitted on 24 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Extended abstracts of the ESSLLI 2015 workshop TYTLES: Types Theory and Lexical Semantics Workshops organizers / programme committee co-chairs: Robin Cooper & Christian Retoré Barcelona, 3-7 August 2015 Those are the extended abstracts of the TYTLES (Barcelona, August 3-7 2015) workshop together with the slides that were projected during the introduction and the conclusion. Some authors may publish alternative versions later on elsewhere. Program committee: • Robin Cooper (University of Gothenburg, Co-Chair), • Christian Retoré (Université de Montpellier, & LIRMM Co-Chair) • Alexandra Arapinis (CNR, Trento) • Nicholas Asher (CNRS, Toulouse) • Christian Bassac (Université Lyon II) • Stergios Chatzikyriakidis (CNRS et LRIMM, Montpellier) • Shalom Lappin (King’s College, London) • Zhaohui Luo (Royal Holloway, University of London) • Chiara Melloni (CNR, Verona) • Bruno Mery (Université de Bordeaux) • Richard Moot (CNRS, Bordeaux) • Glyn Morrill (Universitat Polytècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona) • Larry Moss (Indiana University, Bloomington) • Reinhard Muskens (Universiteit Tilburg) • Livy Real (IBM Research, Saõ Paolo) ii Presentation The pioneering work of Ranta (1994) on using Type Theory for NL semantics has initiated a strong interest in the use of Type Theories for representing formal semantics. And even though Type Theory was initially mainly concerned with compositional and formal semantics, a number of linguists, logicians and computer scientists noticed the relevance of type theory for lexical semantics as well. Around 2000 the paper “the metaphysics of words in context” by Asher & Pustejovsky (2001) initiated Type Theoretic approaches to lexical coercions and meaning transfers by investigating extension and refinement of the type system used by Montague. Accounts for this type of phenomena need to capture ordinary phenomena of selection restriction (e.g. a “chair” may not “bark”, in an ordinary context), while at the same time they have to ensure some flexibility for adapting meanings to contexts in case of meaning transfers, co-predication etc. The study of this kind of phenomena is of course not new. Their study goes back at least till the 80’s (Bierwisch, Nunberg, Cruse among others). What is relatively new is the study of these phenomena from the perspective of Type Theory and this approach is by now quite successful as valuable type theoretical contributions on incorporating lexical considerations into compositional semantics show (Asher, Bassac, Chatzikyriakidis, Cooper, Luo, Melloni, Mery, Moot, Prévot, Pustejovsky, Ranta, Real, Retoré). The topics of the workshop include: • Linguistically motivated variants of type theories (subtyping) • Lexical semantics in type theory (compositionality and the lexicon) • Interaction between lexical semantics and type theoretical semantics • Classical semantic questions in richly typed frameworks (plurals, quantification, generics) • Modelling specific questions in type theory (nouns, deverbals, events, adjectives, adverbs, ontological aspects,) • Computational aspects and implementation of type theoretical semantics (natural language inference, proof assistants…) Some references: • Asher, N. (2011), Lexical Meaning in Context: A Web of Words, Cambridge University Press. • Asher, N. & Luo, Z. (2012), Formalisation of coercions in lexical semantics, in 'Sinn und Bedeutung 17'. • Asher, N. & Pustejovsky, J. (2005), 'Word Meaning and Commonsense Metaphysics', in course materials for Type Selection and the Semantics of Local Context, ESSLLI 2005. • Bassac, C.; Mery, B. & Retoré, C. (2010), 'Towards a type-theoretical account of lexical semantics', Journal of Logic, Language and Information 19(2), 229--245. • Chatzikyriakidis, S. & Luo, Z. (2013), Adjectives in a Modern Type-Theoretical Setting In Morrill, G. & Nederhof, M.-J. Formal Grammar, LNCS 8036 pp. 159-174. • Chatzikyriakidis, S. & Luo Z. (2014). Natural Language Reasoning Using Proof Technology: Rich Typing and Beyond. Proceedings of EACL2014 • Cooper, R. (2011), Copredication, Quantfication and Frames, in S. Pogodalla & J.-Ph. Prost, ed., 'Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: 6th International Conference, LACL 2011', Springer, pp. 64--79. • Cooper, R.; Dobnik S.; Lappin, S.; Larsson, S. (2014) A Probabilistic Rich Type Theory for Semantic Interpretation. ACL Workshop on Type Theory and Natural Language Semantics, Göteborg, 2014. • Cooper, R. (2010), Type Theory and Semantics in Flux, In Kempson, R.; Asher, N. & Fernando, T. Handbook of Philosophy of linguistics. pp. 271-323. • Jezek, E. & Melloni, Ch. (2011) Nominals, polysemy and copredication, Journal of cognitive sciences 12 pp. 1-31. • Moot, R.; Prévot, L. & Retoré, C. (2011) A discursive analysis of itineraries in an historical and regional corpus of travels: syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in a unified type theoretical framework In Contraints in Discourse • Ranta, A. (1994), Type-Theoretical Grammar, Clarendon Press, Oxford. • Real L. & Retoré, C. (2013), Deverbal semantics and the Montagovian generative lexicon. Journal of Logic Language and Information. 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s10849-014-9187-y • Retoré, C. The Montagovian Generative Lexicon ΛTyn: a Type Theoretical Framework for Natural Language Semantics in Ralph Matthes and Aleksy Schubert (eds) 19th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2013) LIPICS vol 26 pp. 202--229. iii Table of contents / program (by order of the talks, 3 per session 14:00-15:30 from Monday August 3 to Friday August 7 2015) Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Christian Retoré (and Robin Cooper) A Puzzle about Long-distance Indefinites and Dependent Type Semantics .............................. 13 Justyna Grudzinska and Marek Zawadowski. Type Theories and Lexical Networks: ........................................................................................ 21 Using Serious Games as the Basis for Multi-Sorted Typed Systems Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, Mathieu Lafourcade, Lionel Ramadier and Manel Zarrouk. Perceptual Meaning in TTR Judgement-based Semantics and Conceptual Spaces .................. 27 Staffan Larsson. Interfacing Language, Spatial Perception and Cognition in Type Theory with Records ............. 34 Simon Dobnik. Probabilistic Mereological TTR and the Mass/Count Distinction ................................................ 41 Peter Sutton and Hana Filip. Are Widows Always Wicked? Learning concepts through enthymematic reasoning ................. 49 Ellen Breitholtz. The Relative Complexity of Constraints in Co-Predicative Utterances ...................................... 56 Bruno Mery. Calculating Projections via Type Checking ................................................................................ 62 Daisuke Bekki and Miho Satoh. Quantification in Frame Semantics with Hybrid Logic ................................................................ 69 Laura Kallmeyer, Timm Lichte, Rainer Osswald, Sylvain Pogodalla and Christian Wurm. An Overview on Portuguese Nominalisation .............................................................................. 77 Livy Real and Alexandre Rademaker. Formalising type-logical grammars in Agda ............................................................................... 83 Pepijn Kokke. A Developed Analysis of Type Coercion Using Asher's TCL and Conventionality ..................... 91 Seohyun Im and Chungmin Lee. Factivity and Presupposition in Dependent Type Semantics ................................................... 100 Ribeka Tanaka, Koji Mineshima and Daisuke Bekki. Final summary and discussion: ................................................................................................ 108 emerging themes in type theory and lexical semantics (from the above articles) Robin Cooper (and Christian Retoré). iv 1 TYTLES TYpes Theory and LExical Semantics: Introduction to the Workshop Robin Cooper University of Gothenburg Christian Retoré Université de Montpellier LIRMM ESSLLI 2015 Barcelona ! 1. Lexical semantics Usually lexical semantics refers to: Word meaning in context (various forms of polysemy) • Relation between meanings • Lexical networks • Remark: relation between meanings higher order logic is needed ! Usual techniques: description with features (human / non human) • sometimes arguments structures specifying the nature of the argu- • ments in NLP: word vectors • ! 2 2. Polysemy (1) Simple a. The river passed the bank. b. The bank is nearby the river. c. The bank phoned me. (2) Institutions
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