Effi rfs*a um tfary" fefun'* +r h.B fiqri.Et Lfr.FE, riilu tf"* +ilr di{&{H, Br_8, )iia.B.)fu -., ,rrc1 tr-5 6: 0172-2212221 , sA6: [email protected]
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rifrE ffiI r,rfonr.nra ,frr= }pe 20fi fHH E1 rn-njrra ffi- 2s.02.18 d aEl E1,a r#lif"p* ff,ffi; - *-= * rffi1rro qTrs -" Effi;fi, * is tr fu mdffira-f€-dT .1 ;s-p-fo3 3 iffi mel ir faJ u-g,-dE DldIfu, .x1.S.nr.,-s.t. s1o fu rimu r zffi:- r. ffi*,-g, eTfun-c 2.7t7xF'frffiilffi-Ir5 -/-r"-' tt Tacher Eligibility Test-2o17 held on ".subJect: PuqJab State 25.o2.2o,.a-EvaluationofTQuestionsofPSTET.I.
,,, This is with reference to Your Memo No. K.W. 6/ 180- 17D(3)/ 508 '.i,, clated 06l006l2Ol8 on the subject cited above vide which it was asked to send the Para-wise comments on the enclosed representation cll some candidatcs. In this connection, it is intimated that in Para 8, somd carrdidates raised objections on 7 questions. The Answers of all these 7 question$ lave been got rechecked- form the subject experts and it was found that the answers as mentioned in the revised answer key are absolutcll' 7 qucstir)Ils ill-e t correct. I-lowevcr, the question-wise comments of these given below:
Set Set Rcmarks A C ffi ir rptid b'(st;klr;Gi:"r'riii ii-] thc supported by thc evidances/proof's/inragcs rvith i attachements-fiom page I to 10. =-.--r- . ,-1 .l i / t-'.^.,;,'.'arm,rht,r I I 127 r50 ilr; Co.r*i Ans*e, is option 'cl'([',nviorrtmental---. Protection Agency). This is supported by the evidances/proofs/images with the help rlt' attachnlents from Page ll to 14. The option 'a' (Enviornmental Protection Act) is Itot correct as this Act is known as Enviornment l)rotectiott Act and not lrnviornmcntal protection Act l)rools t a ttac hed w i th the tt4ppl-qttqq!9.91 !,s-l' il ?8, tnrit $-e-11 - t(D ll0 [*tti* 1i;t"lrtely correct i. lrrlglislt vcrsi,tt I-lowever, thc rvorcl kilogranl is r11issing tn tltt: I'tlniitbi version. It is clearty mentioned in lnstrtrctittns prittted titt the first page of Question Booklet at S'No l(t " l ht: question paper will bc both in English and l)uniabi. lrr casc of any cloubt, English vcrsion will bc taken its iinot." ",lH-; Urfrd' ,r6t.fr ryl ur'r81 iB o.n' i : i i i i l : i i i i i i i i i i Re"*uilin$8"[i i i iaeiu. i i i i i : : : i i i i i : i i i i : ) Dt. i tLl 6 ltg 4 59 52 44 36 The Cotre"t Ans*"t is option'd'(Wi) tfi, qE, g.d Drtut rcttu ftg U-il6 rloqor ryrE 6'l uri'6re fee yu EsE uld t i hlrut ry1 fw tr urt - urs+r fu d 6 trrroa il ffi ltriqd ddr iferrtt Page30&31 t t44 136 r29 t22 The Conect Answer is option 'c'(Eichhomia), The objection raised that Punjabi version is not in Punjabi language, therefore, the same confuses the applicants. It is clarified that this aquatic plant Eictrhornia is an 'invasive alien species'introduced from America and its scientific generic name is either in Greek or Latin language, which cannot be translated into vernacular languge (Punjabi/Hindi). Rather the confusion is created if these names are written in vernacular language. The obiection is null and void. 6 88 81 73 64 The Correct Answer is option 'a'(Sounds). The most stable feature of a language are its sounds not its vocabulary or its grarnmer as clearly mentioned in the book "The Teaching of Engtish in Indiiwritten by Dr. S.S. Wadhwa at pagd'58" (copy attached). Paee32 &33 7 85 78 70 6t The Correct Answer is option 'b'(One activity cannot be utilized for assessing many abilities) because option 'b'was given in negative form and hence is false. All the other three options are not false statements. (copy attached) Page 34 to 38 From the above, it is clear that Answers of all these 7 questions as mentioned in the revised answer key are absolutely correct._,_+b (Prof. T.S. BEfripal) Co-ordinator (o -2- M aailrnan 0AIhAAL!qUSS! ryg'-so) o t i\ 1970 (htt@ yhIUyh?0Y,i r Y{Lg' en 'ong=en) L*T ?Flrtt Gtr'Sr 8$ttffi *t tu 8&GhilrotT human envircnmaflt' and an .filon Flan cuntatntn6 tho pr*ervation and snhrn@rnant o{ the a dedara,on th't s€t orJt princidcr fo. progrs.l summ( adopted unit.d Nationr Environment which Th6 summ* argo dreid.d to esubllsh rn ,eeornm.ndationE for iilternsttonsr envrronmeniol a*ion. hesdquort€c vfls be locrted in N6ltobl' Kenya' raSr:chitdrm{hnnr#w,y&luyL7llalt&fiEmIlbuFlo}.ErMmil4e,tt(hB0l/w',yhJllv}?gdtlll*allt0Etrsst'?h&6!!Ii'ul1lsftulu!96 Ihtfll/*Y.r.yhJkvk?oe/6{6ltid&u &ril:lol rat(1't1/'?llilg:Em $,ELCffi[Tp wORtSs BEBT,rEf,3 (ElP:'/nYlI:.fl'nLr'I l c frtP.as-ftrrrF:/1tnft1tr'Yt(.F1/n(?ot'lc rrPrt$fi|lf,ffi Urf ?Oth inlrlY.rr.l, clmDal|n flnl'nd Flnrncrd [J Ttro ilsthrtry lor Forclgil AftrlE *tor. hro: l$forrld$tto.fl Famr\' tg{',*rairoil {'! Fr!$r.d Aid, uHrcEF tlnlsnd, w v{on'D Flnlano' wlth th. psilop8rion afi uil A$oatsilon ot FinEM, n6nbh RrlugGc l @ I Ear{h Summlts' WikiPedia DIA @ 1' iF*fusummits - ' ' : . -.r** -f rha llnit€d Nation*, to t. reaaers'.1s1[l "r- are deenniel m"etinss;;rrd thc ;*.trest tffilrut"Tlffi:-kT,illtr;Jilffi;;';il;.L '..turtr, summitu ::::'ffiT*hver. rr* aim TlL"lffiT[:,HiJJis to bring toseth'cr - on forward frcrm all .': anil orsanieations humani" ** n ot H*f;"];|to ru n into . ,#di,,iduals ;;",'*r'*0,"*i:iti::::,:::til: u" J d***rop a pran }"#:rX*or action ff ';T:,.,;:l;::il## l:ffiy; T;Hffi;; *#lfltJffi: impremented- of action ir eanedtuendael and so that ars. wau..rhis pran Yl*::r::fi1""H:H:;:ffa*"is;ua smartrv and'pen enough. not to nriss out ott r,'#;,*Tl#xJl3Jf;llffi#:ilfi1ilffi,;$ own ptan of action ard guidance can *J.*;;is for their organisations, companies and individuals importantissuqither,a*"aop*a"'*oains*ili:yy::ffi :Hi::-**ffiL re*uru rom Xf]l$ffi1,,f;,ffi trrese fr: [::,T];;I.'*H ffi;,.flffiHffi ;:"iffiffi ;h* il- Fesiusnr+&f r- or^^Ll.^r- /rQde'lerrl) ln ro'2' tlrg gc'ennJ i' X'* fir6t su e,alled ;--Eilll@ ,(Qooth".*Selgg @1393$ References Retrieved trom 'frtrps:/en.wiklpedia.orglrJin{-ot.php-itl!le=Eqrtfr-$ummlts&oldid=70857{160' t': ir ,i;;3quf irt*r ia'ii +.tl;l{}{i {)i} I Sspttrrfthsr ?frl?. #{ S'-J ,r'r;.i{,.. ;ri' -t'rr i f:'lriit )rii 'iirl;1i (}!t httpsr/ren.wikipcdla.org/wihilEarih-Summite o @ / United Nations Confersnca On The Human Envlronmant (19721 Environmental Science: ln Context COPYRIGHT 2009 Gale (1973 United Ndrone gonferenqq Qn the Human Errvltonment htleduclp! qatioll.s qrowinq rnovement o[ltre-19Q-Q-q''11gnv l '; lfflegBqltiiS to the envirottmenlal earlv'l9Z ' ggyernrnBnt$Ieqalr_tueElze that pollution clid noj stop al-ttrgJl-F-sggl$-JnlElralpl' h- n vi ro n rli 199!Leg-!v-hle tlj'l I @ o n we re reo uired tp tackte I FiLt-ql qoIEtrysrld Fl-elpl0c-ldqlur.act-u'JEE SLqlr-aL$ hop S-q!rittai1-c-'- l-0-Yrs . ffirdifirtgr:e-W[d-fiil4;;'iE=GGT',I U.a-n-u-ra9lrrinl--sogvnis' s-c]li:.l:rri q6ffijiles"t-".lu.I0ri-esrltlep.ltw"t-=-/riimlrrins-J-$p-eui-p-ttrd'! ; :. : 1''I ; [p_A[LefliJ-UIQU EIrEe-( .r: - -..rj:.:'| . rne gtocxrrolm confer,enFe etnoe-r.0dq$@E!ffiH!E"idEg$.-An,hey-gp4m[]fl!$-qqu'!{i 't1i}1i nd treatv r:n thg OnvitCrl"" " lert-35realg" l-ii fa q! ti1g-E-w-qsl.5-l-$'' ' Nalronq General AssembtY co[.vgnefl the uNsHEetlhele-queE] ge.r 40Q nqn:oovernrtg[r"!,il--qI0g)7=AlQ.DF.-{!'l' Representatives from .1 13 nations Bnd : ' Attgnded the Stockho --.! b @ THE RTO EARTH SUMMIT: SI.MMARYotrTIIEUNITEDNATI0NSC0NFERENi,-iE ON ENVIRO NPIENT' AND T}EVELOPMENT children' (lnuit We do not inherit the earth frorn ourfathers,, we borrow it t}om Our :; 'ji saying) & d' ,;ls, rvilljudgeus harshly if we fail.at this # We cannot betray- future generations.1'hey .w of Norway, LINCED' lgqlI .i# *"*.n,.iCro U#tem Brundtland, Priml klinister r "rf,i.rf I ! must realize that ...we can wqte the planets resourc€s for a few decades more"'we ! For them it will be i one day the storm witt Ureat on the heads of future generations. too late. (UN Secretarl'General Bouffos-Ghali, UNCED' 199?) traged)-' I Every.-bit of evidence l've seen perflrades me we are on a course leac.ing to don,iagree with those who say the status quo is the answer. (UNCElt Secretarv General Maurice F. Suong, tlNCED. 1992) INTRODUCTION From 3-14 June 1992, Rio de Janeiro hosted the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (IINCED). The focus of this contbrence was the state of the global environmeni and the relationship betrveen econotnics" science and the environment in a political context. The confetence concluded with the Earth Summit. at which leaders of 105 nations gathered to demonstrate their commitrnent tq sustainable development. This paper will summarize tlre goals of the Conf'erence" what was accornplished. and what it all nreans to Canadians. A. Hlstory of the $quBmlt 1977, hortad th6 fut, Conf,aencg on the stute lftlaf Pelme of Sweden and Indira Gandhi of India). This conference raiieTil awareness of an issue hitherto little talked about, the globalenvironment. -q,enerBtion's The Stockholm conlbrence secured a pennanent place for the environment on the world's agenda and led to the establishment sf the United Nations Environment Progranr (UNEP). The conference and its aftermath made known the international neture of the environment and introduced the idea of the relationship benrreen development and the environm€nt.-lI has been said thar the only way to unite the countries of the world is for them to face a commorl enemy: perhaps environnrental degradation will be that enemy. @ # .;F' 'S nnxr*lrrT lloq2l PREAMBI'E I'hc Uflited dl'sx?:,Hisfnr=-?,$wr .,'*' j,;i/ I iffiHp"Tnsffi;oii"n-'*;;;m+;H5* ..,..i,;mryg'6EutEtIPullr5";;;;;*ongSBtes,keysectorsofsrxietiesattttl- among SBtes' kr 'it if *"w leveis of co-operation ot .nj @p"ttt@* "r*,*. intemattonolroragwment-srutrictrresffit,tr-".r.":,..rt"11":dpmtecttheintegrin a8rcu};;;Ci"irsdru natunnature oIollln' lrrt ,,t' p"opte. Working towads intcgralandand inter&panden{inter&peirdhnt a'd developraental sfsem, *.*n['*it'i"*t*t $ the global envimnmental Earth, orrr home' d' do ro ft susrAtNABLH $HvEL#PirtEN-r ;u-r ;$ry Advocacy Toolkit niini-site', HOME ABOUT AOVOCACYTOOLJffi MEDIA GUIDE RESOURCSS tN Ac'..oN 5D2O,I5 HOME GLOgSARY SLuckh*lrn 1S7? TOOU -- ,t d surt lniblc dei€IopmFnt drtc br_ct 6 164 or, but tt wat al the UH G$nf.€ie46e,onlilia,ituiiiai,glly.Jrontnqit Ftpd,hokn ffi-ntcnuuqrrt cofisrunlty mat for the firrt ii**io rorrrkl# gtoblPsffirunent arrd Uorop*nt rr."a ugetttr. Th€ prtnc{ilt ro', ttre Bnffit,Er*,a naturul envlronqent, and hiShtlghted the tlEed to pcoptc procers. ln thlr &te of ths dpcls'lonr flril0ndfuilF Stmmrotm Declrretlsr was the f;rnatton of rhe uN En,lronflltrlt hogramr.' (uflEPl' *,o**"or**o*,., The conferBflce lndlcated that'hduJtrlatlEd" envlfon r}{trr .{.dIrdrit^6 rdifrh necsls,arrtv rare$nrs$,es ror alr countrrcs. ," o**ffitllffi;;:*ffiffiiH*:ffiJ:l,H1[l?.L"Ji'.*i'-, ,,0 commutlltles' Hoscver, lt wsi the pcndlry envlrfimcl|t0t ploblems thit dqmlnated the meetlng rec tu tru.r public environmental awarene3s. "no *" x.G produced by Clvl( Society ln ttre run up to th: c,srfsrence tn 1971. $G,ft{PLEs ,_i M bIgq([lhfrrrm.Ert All @yfl{tt f.!r to urc unr.!! odreryytr. irttGd, nt' wEbtitc it adrnn|ftltld by s-t'k'$ordcr Forum rfd ovlcus, ntth th. ftnlEcrll suppoa of tb+ Eur6p.ln union, lffiffiffi fivt(us e @ I a short vtew lnternational Environmental Conferences' :$i CotltJy-t ,** L lntrrnfl unal EEYuo|lil:elttsl ri# rr:ri'l' \r-f ' j:triililirr:r' ,li r'l6ilou*. d{r{r$i{ $d i! 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I anln pro. rdrng *,1+r l\( wtr;d eltctrrrh ctca|l Rllcr ]\! . .,'nldri:nr.x. Lr \ltrttng Trattr6t'n. tt'Ltt( llot\5. | rlt': t'r!tt'l rl 1l; O{:Lelc rai..ar()nillerlt . (.*nrtrfttitm,riif i.iu.rr,UtrCerng ttshr lo heeilh! llslronm$l] '(lh;l|ltint: ReDqrtrnended a )) glmale Chtlngo UN ChrcnDle Frut glocldtdtn F Kyotq: A Bri€f Hkhry of I @ 'v ji,,' l'I 2oo7 ji"illlv No. 2 2oo7 June '.1 rrom stockholm to'Kyoto: A Brief History of limate Change to note that lt hrrs laken the united Nations debate on global warming, it ls instructive ln the midst of the cunent international andtheinternBtiona|commUnitysometwogenerationstoreachthispoint, -1' issues on rhe globel agenda rise in promrn€nce of envkonmentar current debate, one muet took at the To fulty understandthe were not a malor issues, much less climate change' of crimate change wkhin that context. Environmeniar and the evolution years, action on these the organization's creation. During its ftrst 23 the united Nations in the perlod following conc€rn of (wMo)' and when ttrrougt' the world Meteorological organizatlon \ryas limited to operatlonal activities, mairrly issues adequacy of known one of the major preoccupations of that time the was paid to them, it was within the context of attention "underdeveloped of a rarge number of uN members or the naturar resources to provide for the economrc deveropnrent countrigs', as they were then termed' York' 17 August 1( .194g, utllization of resources (Lake success, New ln the uN scientific conference on the conservatlon and was of those resources and their use' The focus' however' 6 September) wos the lirst UN body to address the depletion and not from a conservstion perspective lt rvas not rnainly on how to msnage thern for econornlc and soclal developmenL maior uN organs The Eco'-omic and social council until 1g6g that environmental issues received serious attention by any item and decided lrter endorsed by ihe General on 2g May was the fust to include those lssuas in its agenda as a specific - Human Environment' Assembly - 10 hold tha first Unlted Nations Conference on the srgekholm, $yede! f,on',s.to leJunq'lpZLUe uN s*n!in: cTPtf.er ?tT"ln111,1s:t#flYffiT{ Egjn an actior ifiit ..t out prtnciptes for ttre piesirvatlon-afrffi'ffiffient of the human €nvironment, and "i6i,tli"'i?..faration and control of plan containing recommendations for International envirsnmental action. ln a section on the identlfication warning pollutants of broad intemational slgnifrcance the Declarmion raised the issue of clirnate change for the first time, magnitude of Governments to be rnindful of activities ttrat could lead to climate change and evaluata ihe likelihood and climatic effects. In the atmosphettc The UN Seientific Conference also proposed the establlshment of statlons to monitor long"term trends programmes constltuents and propertles, which might caue meteorological properties, includlng clirnatic chenges. Those the causes of w€re to be coor lnated by WMq to help the world community to better understand the atmosphere and climatic ehanges, whether natural or the result of man't activltlea. The Conference also called {or .he convening of a second meeting on the envlronment end established the Governing Council of the United Nations Envilonlnent Programme {UNEP), did with its secretariat in Nairobi, Kenya, the Environment Fund and the Environrnent Coordination ftoard. But climate change resourcEs. not become a central preoccupation of those bodies. Water rosources, marine mammals, renevtable. energy centre stage desertifrcgtion, forests, environmenial legal framework and the issue of envlronment and developmenl took global climate over the next 20 ye6rs. as part of efforts to irnplemenl the 1972 decisions, concern for the atmosphere and the slowly gained internetionat ettention and Bction. tn 1979, the UNEP Governing Council asked its Executive Dir€ctor, uncler Earth watch prograrnme, to monltor and evaluatethe long-range trsllsport o{ alr pollutants, and the rirst inlBtnational UNEP took it to lnstrum€nt on cllmate * the Conventlon on LongrRange Transboundary Air Pollution - was lhen adopted and recommended aflother level in 1gg0, when its Governing council expressed concern 8t th€ damage to the ozone layer hltp$:ii unchroni6ls.un.org/artlcle/stockhokn'hvoto'bri6Lhiilory^cllmals-ciange LY Chsngo tlN Chrmiclc From Stodthdm u,kyoto: A Brief Hlstory of Oirnat'a I and adoPtion tn ,,rn th€ production and use of chroronuorocarbons tll'-T.:-:1^::l:]::J::::,*i[n \^ ,$',o of a Prot rcol to the 1 979 ' Protection of tfie Ozone Layer and the conclusion ,i'rthe Vienna Convertlon for tho . I- .L^ fl-56tln6 00 per ce''!'- rn the meanirme' aimed at reducins surphur emissions bv .ffiffI:fflffi'il;::ffiffi-h rain ifl Europe to emergo in the pheno;nena of acld $;#ffiil or.ti*ut. change duo to air poilution was beginnrng wMO for keeping it in ;heck' ffi;;r* which resulted in various progrelnmes by uNEP and iseues, when it edopted rhe Environmental uN General Assembly gave real impetus to environmental $istowever ln 1gg7 the on policies guide natlonal action and intematlonsl cooperalion g:,, perspective to the year 2000 and Beyond - a framework to The Perspective underllned the relationship ,lt ,,r* ar achteving erwlronmentally sound developmenl. ;;;;;"**., development' lt was for the first rlme introduced the notion of susrainable ., between environrnent and development and f,- for crean air technologres' and to poricy document, whire recognizing the need ,ii ,: however, that si.rch a rong-term disappornting. related lo €nergy' n, subaumed R undar its poticy directlve make cllmate change a central issue, but i,$J conlrol alr pollution, did not promin€n,n the internarional public deprelion of the ozone rayer became increasingry rn 198g, grouat warmlng and the be to identity environmental sectors that might poriticaragenda. UNE' organized an rntemar seminar in January debate and o{ change a forum for the exsmination change. The lntergovemmental Panel on climate 0Pcc)' sensitive to climate The General and.met for the flrst:me ln:o.lember. warming and global climate change, wos est8blished greenhouse prot'r:tion of global clirnate for and urgent issue. ln its'resolutlon on the Assembly identifred cllmote change as a specifrc a comprehensivl revlew and make generations of mankind, it asked wMo and uNEP to lnltlate pfesent and frrture climale stratsgies to delay,limil or rnitigate the impact of clirnate ohange,lncludlng poBsible response recommandatione on The as the first slgnifrcant global efforts were taken' 1989 was a watershed year fot climate change, change- As a result, for council's request to begin pieparailons with wMo in resorution 44t2O7,endorsed the UNEp Governing Assembry, the Maldives regional action wa$ also being taken' ln addition' a framework conventron on crimata change negotiations on and the and sea Level Rise to the uN secretary'General transmitted the text of the Mal6 Declaration on Global warming Also ln 1989' thc Montreal Protocol on of the ozone Layer was adopted on 2 May' Helsinki Declaration on the Protection hto force' Suhstances th€t Deplete the Ozone Layer entered climate conference' were further advancsd st the second world raise of the effects of cllmatc changes Efforts to swareness change vtas a Declaration, the conference stated that blimate from 29 october to 7 November 1990. ln its Mlnisterial held to begin on a gtobal rssponse was required' lt celled for negotiations global problem of unique character for which a he envirooment' including ufgency for a stronger internationar action on frarnework convention without further deray, As tt* ir tggz.i[ Brazil' the Unite{ gained the Genuar Aesembry decided to .nruene Risil.e-Jonairo, crimate change, momentum, ) a nd frcmawnrk for iffi I'::"J'ilil;;;;;;;#;;;;.il'rys:sTlere't j***@:gffi Zt Oeatt witti the il en'lronmental Cl*pt€fiE ArenOa "nd development, energy development and protection of the atmospnere, eetEollstlrlrg rrrrs rrr ffiee,Gffircefi;talnable atmospheric stratospheric ozone depletion and transboundary lranspofiation,ll al,.Pvr tG industrial development, con8umpu(,ll'coneumption, I l^rad NationsNati^nc FrameworkFl, was the opening for signature of the united pollution.aThe most significant eYent dudng the eonference '1g92. signed it, As the most lrnportant international change (uNFccc): by the end of 1 58 states had convention on climate gas€s" at a atmospheric concentrations of 'grcenhouse thus far on climste change, the convention waB to slabilize action inte force in '1994' and in interference wrth the crimate By6tem. lt entered rever thar wourd prevent dangerous anthropoger*c launching talks on a protocol the convention sdopted the Berlin Mendate' March 1995. the first conference of the Parties to for developed eountries and those in transltion' or other legal instrument containlng stronger commitments the Kyoto Protocol the adoption ln Japan in December .997 of of the crimate change acition wa', therefore, The comerstone indrstrialized countries' overaii actron so far taken. tt aimed to rBd$ce lhe tothe UNFCCG, the most influential cllrnatechenge 1990 revers rn the commitment greenhouae gaees by at reast E per cent betow the ernrssions of carbon dioxide and other on 16 February 2005' severr prorocor, signature in March 199g, came into for,:e period of 200g to 201?. The which oponed for years after it was negotiated by over 160 natlons' httpslilunchronEl6.ufi'orgiadidelslockhdrn-kyotssria(-hletory'climetlctrsng€ 4r,; ;.i*I.f"il t:J,J {./i!{, \, .,\ List of Earth ,r? t C) \ l. i972- The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHS) ., 2. 1982- The 19BZ Earth Summit in Nairobi (Kenya). An Earth Summit was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 10 to 18 May 1 gB2. The events of the time (Cold War) and the disinterest of US President Ronald Reagan (who appointed his delegated daughter Of the United States) made this summit a failure. lt is not even mentioned as an offtcial Earth Summit. 3. 1992- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 4. 2AA2- The World Summit on Sustainable Development "(WSSD) in Johannesburg (South Africa) 5. 2A12 - The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) or Rio+20, also took place in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) )\ v {' What does EPA stand for? - Abbreviations.com https:/lwww.abbreviations.com ) EPA Looking for the defrnition of EPA? Find out what is the full meaning of EPA on Abbreviations.com! 'Environmental Protection Agency' iS one option - get in to view more @ The Web's '.. Envirorymgntal ProlgSlgn Agency - EPA - lnvestopedia https://www.investopedia.com I termS ) e... The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was gTO_tIndETIJ n esta b I i s h ed i nTecem b eF-T ited States President Richard Nixon. The EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health. s:s#FruttrgtrEA': c}, + (, Envi ron menta I Profscti on Agency "The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was ffiDeTem bEt 1 sl o u n d er u n ited SiatesFiesident Richard Nixon. The EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmenta I health. " Environmental Protection Agency - EPA - https://www.investopedia.com > terms ) e... ff About this result p Feedback PEOPLE ALSO ASK What is the medical term for EPA? v What is EPA in the body? V ls the EPA? !r Environmental Protection Agency - EPA - ( lnvestopedia http$ ://www.investopedia.com ) terms ) s.*. established in December 1970 under United 5: $tate$ President Rlchard Nixon, The tPA is en agency of the United States federal government who$e rni$$lon is to protect human and envi ron rnerttfl I health. v epa {fiq Results in English Bfr{ qRunq'td ns*n*Tr4& United States ,a * Y*.r Environmental s, t*, Protection Agency qts Federal agency qs u pHott' epa.gov The united states Environmentar protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United states which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing ... Wikipedia Founder: Richard Nixon Founded: Z December 1 970 PEOPLE ALSO SEARCH FOR trBffi ,ry $. THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1gg6 ffi*hlffi MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVTRONMENT, FORESTS & WLDLIFE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA HEW DELH! * 0 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 NnISOFISt6 lllrdMay,l9ffil An Acl to Pro?Ec for tte Pnotect'rul rnrl lqrovclu:ut of Erlrsrnart rnd fsr Mrfr*rt Cmectsd fr+rtriltlr lVumtr.*s dq;isiour r*ere lukcu ar thc Uuirotl Natiaus CosfffBuse sn the Hurrran Enviroorurnr held st Stockhotm in June" 1972. in which tndia participatsd. to tnke approfiatcstepRr lhe,protoc{ioo tnd improvemeot of hgnal cuvironrttsnti AND wflEaBrs it il cousldeled necesrary further to iruptrBmcnt the tlecisiorir aforesaid in so frr ar thcy rclate tr the protcction end improvement of environmcnt and the pmrcntioo cf hamrds to humm beingr,othcr livingcrcaturrr. plcats and pmperty: Be ir ffi*crcd by Parlirmrut in rhe Thirry+cwnth yesr bf the Republie of lndiaas folloryar CHAFTSR I Pngumxrny l. (l ) This Act may be called the Environmenr (proter:tioo) Act, Short 86. fltle, e - It cxrendr to he whole of lrdis"- tent and [2) com- (3) It shall corrc irto florce un such durr es the Cestrel mence- ment, Government T*y, by aotifrcatioo in rhe OIliclal Crmtte. appoiur and difl'ercnt datcs may be *ppinted for diffc'rcnt provirioun oirhis Act and for different areaa. @ v THE E$Vt$$r{rrmr (rnorrac'noH) Ac}, I 6 Dcliri' 'a Iu flri* Ar.t, uuless tltr: conttxt othtrwise requires: - tiortt- (a) "environmcilt"'iacludeE.r+flterr air s.rd l*nd ard the iuter- rr'l*tiouship thich"exists'among and bet'refi $"Eter, air *nd Irnd" uad humnn beiiigt. other livingcreaturus, plnutt, micro- or gf, nisttt sttd ProPrf,ty; (b) .'eavironmgrml polliltant" Ees$s auy so,lid* liquid or ga' s€otls substsnce prr-rneut iu such ctrnceutrstiuu as inay hc. or: tend to be. inittrious to mvironment; (c) "rrrdrosnrtntul pollutiun'o tn$ff[s the perlence in llre eu' vironueut rrl' anv+nvirtnsen ml -prrllu t*n t; (d) "hdndling", iil relattcn tu auy slrtsto*ce. mesns thc mauuf$*' turq Frocrsding, treattuefi t. packag*, sl*rra1it, tfsflBfibrililou. us$"; r(tlketion, de.slructlon- uonver$lnn' UfIeri"ug firr nale- trdusfgror the lite olsueh substanc.c: (c) "hazardous substetretr'" m(:s.us qny g*bsunce or Fr€Per&tio$ rril? ich; by reasttfi o I its chertical or p h ysi co'chemictLproper' ties'or hurrdling; ie lirhle to'causc fuirur tu hrrm*n beiogs, qttrfi .. livitlg crcutu.rer. plantr'' n:icr**rrrgunism. properry or tlre envjronruent I (t) "occrrpicr", itr r€lslion to any f$ilsry or premires, mean$ a pcrton tho has coutro! $ver the affair$ of thc fa4ory br thc pr€mi*+'* aud'iruludes, in d*tiou [$ arty subatrrnr:e. the prlrson i B F,orcsurion ufihe substence; (g) "prce*ibett" Hcnns pre**ribad by rulrr+ arnde uniter this Art. CI{APTERTI G'unee+t FowEns cFTHE CFNI?II (ittve*llidEil'r Foryer ot trep. }. (t) subject if} the provi*ion* of thia Act, rhr:'centqal Govtrn- lJal Go- r,nent ahalt have the power to tflke all riueh iltes&ures as it deelns Yl: _ trccer$&ry or exp.xlient for rhc pulTo,e of protceting and irnp*tving ffit#" m. q*iity of'the envirqrnment tud prcvcnting, controlling urd ;;;"- ubatingenvirunmcntalpollution' i>\ .l 1 ENmRoFIxE'tr (rxoretmx) rcr. 1986 3 (2) Ir purticular, and without prsjudiee to ihc generality of the pm.ta.r gulgEctiou (i). ffic88ures may include ,fies$trrcs *nd ito' provisions of such ' *irh r"rp*t to allor urty of thE followitrErnatterft n*mely: - If#,*- t' {i) co-ordirntiou ofal:ticns by the ,$tale Goveniiments. ofTicers $?T and other authorities: -' (s) undcr this Ait, or the ruhsmade ther*under; or (b) unrter aily othEr lar*'for the timebeing in forcc which is relatsble to the t Jccts ol'this Act; (ii)- plaminstnd executiou of anation'wideprogramnre fot the ' 'pi.n*o,i*. control an'J abaremt$t of'enviionmental pol- lutionl (iii) Iaying down srandards for the quality of enyironment in its v&rious asPcctB; (iv) layirrg do'jvn rtaad&:rtls for elniesion or discharge of en- vironmgotal pollutauta frotn vanous rourr:et whatsoevcri Providcd that dilferent ttaatlards foi emixiion ordischarge maybelgirtdownunderthiaclaflrcfrtrmiliffereusources naving regard to the quality or compoaitionof thr emisfiioa orai*ctrrrgeofentironmentatpollutantsfromsuchaou. rcesl (v) re*rictibn of sicf,s in rrhich uny industries. ope,rations, or proc€ssac or clagr of iudurtries..oPf,ration$ or proc€rse$ ehall not be carried Dut or ahnll be curried out subj€ct to oerteiu sefeguards; (vi)' ' lsying dowu procedurcs and safegnrards for the prevebtion of ac*iaentt which utEy cause cnvironmefltal pollution and remedial rntesurs for $rch iccidenle; (vii)thyiagdowoirrieedrrrcsaud-safegrerdrforthcfiirndlitgof hg"ardou$ substarlc*l v @ T ENvIEoltrrsNT (PEofficrlol.l) acr, 19f,6 d. (l) Without pr{udice to tlre proviriona of rub'*etion (3) of Appoiar' necriotr ], the C€atlsl fioverurugnt may appoint offtcers with cuch amr of rfre puipones of thir Act and may irflket* detigrntionr as it thirks fit for rrd thrir to rhem such ofi-fr *de friotiooe under this Acr as it mrydeemlitetrtrust fo** ffi* tioro' {2) The officers eppointed under rub'secriou (l} lhall be aubj11 to thegetrcrglcontrol'raddirtction of theCcntrEl Governtnent or. if so dirited by that Govcrnrrent, alio of tha authnrity or authoritiet if cny, Eon$tituled under eutr'nection (I) of s+'ction -l or nf auy *ther autlrorityor offioer. 5. Notwithstendi4 suyfting conmined in any other lnw bot' Po*s rubject to thu provisiotls of thi$ Acti the Csntral Ooveffimsnt may. in to 8t*! rtre exsrcir€ of its porvers and performauce of its functious rrnder this i'flroas Aet, i*suc dircctionrin wririnj to arrf pr:rga6.officeror any truthority and such piisoti officer or authority shrll be boutd to comply with sueh dlrections. Explaaation:-For the avoidause of doubts' it is hereby doctared lhat the poser to isstte direction* under this tectidn imludes rhc po\ilEr to direqc - (a) rtrc clrxure. prohihitior or rcgulatiorr of aoy intlustry. operatiou or PrqcL.*s: or (b) stopP*gr: or reguladon of the *upply bf clectricity or walcr or afly ether *crvi(c. 6. (l) The Cilrral Gowntment ruay, by notifieaiion in the Rulet Cfficiat Gasefte, rnake rules in rtspect of all or any of the maller$ t:J-fl: refrrred to insmtiqn 3. viron_ mcEtrl (z) In Fer.ticulrr. add r+ithout prejudise to the EFtlerelity of the forcgoing'power, arch der ruay provide for alt crr afly of the p*tllu' followingmatter$.namsly;- lion' (a) the st*ndatds of quelity rtf air. wdtrr or soil for various ffcat andpuqPlu:r; (h) rhe mexirhurn allolryable limits of concentratir)n of rrarious euvironmental pollutants (including noise) for difl'crent f,rcaE: (c) the procedurus and safcguerds for fte handling $[hqrnrdous rubsmnceu; a2 @ \ d TIIE BfiTTnONHEAltt tr*OttCnt]t*),tCt, I f (d) the prohibitiol.aud re$tfictions ou the handling cf harardous subs tanffs in differtnt arcus; (e) the prohibition *nd rcslritrlion$ nn rhe ltuation of indusrits aud the canying on of pnrccs.srs and CIFerationx io tliflcrent irrEar; o tho procrdwe*aad *aft'gurrdr for thc prcvctttiffi of oocidmt+ which may c$use eilvimumertal pollurion and for provicliug for remedial rncasure* For such uccidenls. CHAPTTiR III Pnrrgr,mm{. ffolrrrulr- *r+p Asrrnrrtmr or ExvmoNrffiNTAL HrruunCI,t h:IP 7. No perscncarrying onmy industry, operation or procer* shsll ff'nt discharge'ot emit oi f,ermrt io te *i*ti,,rg*,t or emirttd any ioouruy enviroarnent"al pellutant in excess erl sueh stanrlarth as muy he upera- prc*cribed. riort. .tc-, DOI tO altr*r emir6ion or di*- chargp of eoviron- nrmraJ pollrru- t&ntr in CTOEf,S of tte rtan- drre F"orrot* E. Ho ptrrons-hnll hantllr: or r.nurc trr he haadlcd any fiazardous hurdling subrtenee exoept in accordanct with sueh procedurt arrd aftet m complying with ruch stfe$r:trds aB may ht pretr-rihcd, rublter- oer to crimply stith proGc" dunl irlir guerd*. Lr1 \, TIID EaIvmorqMENT (snryIacrrolq),tcr, I 986 9. (l) Where tlre discharge 0t ady eoviroirmeotal pollutant in Furnirh- cx!$$ tfthc prercrihed rrrndardt occuffi or is apprthended to oacur ing o[ duio eny iccideut or other unforeteea act of ewnt, thc pLTtou l-{T:t' rerpontible ftrruchdisuherge ad thc person inchargc of thcplact' ar :t[|o,- which such disshargg oocuro or is apprchendod to oocur thsll be 1ie ed bouud to preveflt or: mitigntc the enviromnefial pollution causcd agrnchs ts a rcsnrlt of such dirchrrge eod shsll elso forthu'ith: - io ccrtrin (a) intimate the fscr of such occu$euoe or apprehension of trrch occurrcnce; art (3) TIre cxp+naes, if any, incurretl by any fl uthori ty or ag,qncy w ith respoct to thu remalial m(.ssures rcfcrrerl to in suh-:rection (2). togsther with iutercst (at euch teasoueble rBte aB the Covernmcrt mny. by order, fir) fmrn thc datc whcn a dernanrl flnr lhe expcnser ir made uutil it is paid may be rccovered by strch auihoraty or agency from tlre per$otr csncerned a.r arrears of land ruvrnuc or of public dernaad. t0. (l) Subject to the provisions of thic.section,'any pErson porers entpor+€red-by the ftnual Gorrrnmedt ir thib bthslf shall have a of enLry right f.o ertcr, al all rc*tonable times with such us$istanoe ffi he and isr- per'troD' .ontid*ts neccrssry, any ptue: -- (r) for the purpose of performitg any of the funcdo*s r:[ thti Cerrtral Government eatrusted to him; (h) for the purpose of detcnnining r+hcthcr and if rio in wbat maofl€r, any such functiorft sre to be purformcd or whether any provisions of thir Act or the rulel rnade rhereuniler or any noticc. ordtr- dirtttisrn or iluthorisalion scrvcd. made. given or granted uuder this Art is being or has becn compliul *ith; e lD' TIIE ENVIITONMBilI (SBfITITTIOH} .TCT. I98{ k) for lhe purpotc of cramirring nnd tcstitrB Eny €quiprtrcnr, indwtrial" Flant, rEaord, regilter, docum€Et or afiy othor mat€rlal objoct'or f (2) Every Fttoucerrying ofl any industry, opcration or Pro@ss or hnndling ady he*ardflul substsrlcc shell tlc houud to render all assistsncc to the perron etnpowerd by the eearal Government under sub-lectiou (1) for c*rryitrg out the fuuctions under that *ub section and ifhefcils to do so without efiy reasonf,ble cf,use or excu6€" he shstl bc guitty of tr offencr: uudcr rhis .{et. (3) If *ny pemon witfirtly delnys ot ohttnrcls 6fly Pemon etu' powered by the Cena*.! Sovernment uaqler *ubtection (l) ir rhe performrnce of his functiou.s. he shrll be guihy of au offeuce under this Act. 2 of lYl4, (4) The provitionr rrf the Codc of Crimiml Prt*edurc, l9r/3. or. in rclation to the Statc of lammu tnd Ksshrnir, or any area in which thar Codc is nor in farce. the provirions of anycorre*poudiuglaw in force iu thst Stste or srr.a shaI, so ftr us rnuy be, apply'to any scarch or rciauro unrlrr thit ttcti(,n 8E they apply tn *ny emrch or seiz*re made uudcr tfte suthority rcf'a rvarrant iesued.under s€ctiou 94 of the eeitl Code or. :ts th* cr*emsy be, under the correnpondingpruvirion of thc gaid lew, Porrcr to ll. (1) The Centrsl Goverument or nuyo(Hcerenpowercd byit lake$mpk in this h€hslf, rhall hare powff tn tokc, for the purpo*e olanalysis, trd pmce- n*urple* of air, watqr", srril ur other lut$taflc+ from any factory, duru to be plase in cuch maE^uer 8j may be prmcribod. foUowd iB premircs or othor oooEEtloo (2) The rusult of any analpi+ of a *arnple taken und+r rub'*crian tbcrsx,ittr (t) chall not bc ulrnisdbh in eviduncc iu ray legal proceediug unlets thc provisions of ths sub-scctions (3) aad (4) are complied with, (3) Subjest to theprovisions of sub-sectiotr (4), theperson lalcing the tample under tubrrcction (U rhnll:- ,/ @ ,rE F.rymoNlrENT (rffrrecrox) rcry, [986 (a) serve.ou thc occupier or his agent or Fersoll in charge of the plasc, t ttolicc! then and there, io ttrch form as may be prescribed. of hi* intentinn to haw it ro analysed: tb) in the prescncc of the occupier or hir agett or Prt;otr. colloct a sample for analyrid. (c) csuse the sampla to ho placed in a container or cqotaif,{rr$ which ghrll bc marhd and scirlsd ald shnll also bc'rigned both by the person taking the eample atrd the omupicr or his agcnf or pEffioni (tl) send without dclsy, Ure container or the. coltl*i.nwr t$ the taborarory establishd or recognised by the Cential Govern- meat under sdios"[2. t4.) .When s $nmplc is takat for an*l1+is urtdcr tubrce tiod (l) end the persou takiry the samph Eerves oE the occupier or hie'igcnt or peraorl. a ootice'urider claure {a) of sub-oectiou (3}, then:- (a) iu a cam where tke oacupier, his agcnl sr lr€rson willttlly abrents hifiarl& tlrepereon takiug the sample shlllcollect the *ample for a"nalysis to be ptaced iu u criulainer or contaicers which shall be m*rked arad ac*led antl *hall *lso be rigrted try the pcrson trklng ttrc surnple, a.ud (b) iu a caeewhere ft6 6r:upier or his agEnt or perron present ltt thc time of tekiug ttrc $arnplc rcfuset to $ign the marted and ncalcd coataincr or csr:hiners of thc $smple a.u rcq uired under clau$ {c} of sub-ee*tion (3}, the marked flld sealed conteiner oroontaiherE rhellb+*iSn€d by thc pereou mkiug the eamples, and the cotrtabLr or aorltain€ru chtll bG lent witherlt delay by the ihe or person takiag ttq sfirtple for malysis to lahoratory mtqbliahed'iofom recognircd uutlel oectisu lX and such ptrson ehall the Gnvernrtrcnt Analyrt appoiotpd or rccogltis$cl under Eoctioi'13 in writing, abour the uiilful abenoe of the occupier or his f,geut or perloa, or. ar the ca6e may bc, his refuffil to sigrr the contiiner or couteiner$. Iil. (!) The Cenral Governmeut may, by notification in the Saviior. Offrcial Carelrc: .- msEt$l lrbmo' (a) establish ofle or moru environmental laborstoriet: toriqr, D-) €e Lar t0 rr|EslrvrnmltmNT (ynorscuoN) *t'r, 19*6 (b-)' r*ogrritr otre or more Inhorat'oriel or imtitute st BE- vircamcaUnl kborstorier ro carry out thc furctions cnrrIlatcd to s! strrfuonuffiotal luboratory undsr ilii+ Act' (2) The freoEcl.GoTemmant may, bynotificatiou in the oflicial G*rtte, mlkc ruleE *1xsil'Yirg:.' (a) tUe fgnctiontof the'ervimumeotsl laboratory; (b},l.heprocedurefortheruhmisriontotheedrllebotrturyof ,*,b6s of air, rvater, xiil.or othcr subdl*nct for.aflelyri* cr tesdr.the form of"the leborrlory rcpoit tbllniort aud tht fees FryAbtr for c*ih rcporti (c) sueh otlr+r mnit*r* as may be noceesirry or expedifnt to ensble thrf laboratsry to c&ffy oul itq functions' oorcrn- I!. ?he ccfitid Governffieut may h1i notiticatisu in the offi0ial ecrt Gcaeite, appo-int or rec+gni*e rech trrr*onr u it ttrinls lir and haviug *sal'rt& gusliEatiqns to he Oovernrnent A.nalysts for thp , the pre*cri6e0 purdcts* of aaolyrls'of sample+ of air, water, soil or other sub*t,uce r*oi f.r" atrllais to $try errvirolrrncnt*l t*bsr*rory estebli*hed or recagnieed ander subb*tion (l) sI scetion 12' Reportr of lil,. Aay docuu,rpnt lrufporting to be a rBFort sigEed by a Gtiwrorett snvcntnent anrlyil.may be usBd-ar_evidonee ol the fscts stated Aselyew, thertiu ifi aoy proEeedtutg undtr this Act. ftmlty fc coEtssYElr- tioo of thc pmrlriou of GG AEt ord IhF nih3, ofl$irl Etd dineetlor.s. (;4 If thc f*ilure or &utrEv6,ntion rEferred to ia aubi*ction (t) couiiuues beycnd a period of oue ycur &ftsrths dflturrfcouviction- the offeut+r rheil Ue punirHat*e *ith imprisoilrl1ent for a term which nidy extend. to F+r/*o Ye4rB. offeuce under thi;"Ast'Has triensoilnmittgd by; otrruccs ty 16, (l ). WhtqPSP -"*p";t*: acoilrliehy, d"".yp*O* wha, at tftc tirtte theOffineenss commttt+di @ :\.t rrrB F$yr*oNUE{T (nrrrEcTroFr} ecr, lg86 lt wss directly in chtrge of, aud rrat respbneible to, thr-r comfraf,Y for the eoqduct.of th€ businert.of the.oqnpeny, as ruell ss the compauy,'rhall tre dtcrrrd lo be guilty. of thc offenca and,shall bc liablc'to bu proceeded agaiatt qsd.punished accordingly: Pr (bI'"dir*tor", in relation [o a firm. me*.fs &.pertler in ihe firm, 17. (l) Where'an offcnce under rhis Act has been cornmittctt by Offencs by anyDepaTm€rybf Covernment, the Head of the Deparhncnt shtll Goveramrnt be dtemed tia bc guilty iif'de rrff*nce and shall Ue iiabte io te Dcp*i- proceeded egrinst and punirhut accorrtingly: mcDt!- Provided thm uothingcqntsined in tbin soet{on rhull rander such Hcsd.of thc Dcpa*menr liabli ro fltry pruhhment if hr prnvul rhat the offcoce vias committed without his hnwleCge or th*t he exercie€d all due diligence to prr:venr lhe comrnission of such riffancc. (2) Norwirhatanding anything conr*inetj in sub*ection (l), wtere an,gffence under this Asl harr bccn cornmirtrd bya Dcpartmeoi of Governnieut.f,nd h is provcd thst the offeuce has beeo coumitted with the-CpFscnt ot cohnivaace of, or.is attributableto any negl*r oir the'part of, aoyotficer, other thon the Heed of the Departmctt. ruch officer'shall also bc deemed to be guilty of thar offcncc and shrlt bc liable to bc proeecderJ against and punish+d aocordingly. @ \' 12 TUE ENvIRoNilDMT (pnorucrrott) rci, I9E6 CHATTER ry MucrLr,axmus Protrrlios It, No cuit, pro*rcutibn dr ofhff legal prn+euding thall lic of rp:iou agninst the Gormrome[t or a y ofiicer or other empkiyet of the t[hEtr lD Gorrernmcnt. or afiy aut-hority constituld under thia Act or any fsith- lpod menrber, officer or otlrar emplope of such authority in reupcct of nrything which is donc or intended to tte donc h good faith in pursueffie of this Act or tlre rulet msde or ordes or direstions bsued thcreund.f,. C'g3nir*rte 19. No courl shall tske cognizance ofany offeoee uoder thir Apt of odfcilour. except on a complaint made by- (a) the Central (ioturumsilt or iloy nuthority or olficm autho' rired in this behalf by that Co\trnrrrent; or &) sny perron $'ho bat gven notioe of oot Ic$ than uitty day*, in tbe manner prc*"rihod, of thc alleged ofFens; snd of his inteotion to mahe a compleint, to the Central Government or the authority ot oflicer authoriaed as sfortsaicl. lnfsnna. 2fr. The Centr*l Governmertt may, in rclation to iis functiotrs tion. under this Acl, ffom time to tinre, require &lry person, ofliser, State rt.Portl of. Gowmmeot or other suthori$ to furnich to it or amy prcscribed IR:IIBIi ruthr:rity or $fficer erly fePorls. returf,s, slatistics, Eccotrstg and otber informalion rnd sugh pcrsna. oflicer. State Correroruent or other authority rhall be bouud to do ro. Irttn&ctr. 21. ful the mrffiber"s of the slthority. cor$tilutsdi if aoy, under o{ficrrr tnd section 3 and sil olftcer snd othu etnpi,oyEeB o'f atrch authority when utplofter ac.ting or purpor$ng to aet in urcuancc of uny p,rovisiors of thir Act of tbc F the or orders or directions iseued thereunder rhall be oBtho- or rulc* mgde rity cot' deemed to be publie asry{Ett$ within ftu ru*n*iug of soctiotr 2l of thc rtilsl$d Indian Penal Code. uuder ,$tioD 3 lo bc P$bliu tert anlti Bsr of 22, No civilcourt ahall havc juristticfion to cfitertriu any ruit or Juirdic- proceeding in rcspmt of anything done, uclion takm or ordel or tiou. iirection ir*uerl by the Ccntral Governmeat or Bny other authorily or @ @ v 13 .xE BIYIBI]N!,GNT (Pf,OTEgnoN) rcr' l9E6 ofiker in purruauoe gt.9ly po*er confcrrcd by or in rehtiol to.iis or his funr-tione utder thie Act. 13. Without pcJudicc lo the provisionr oi sub*eprion (3) of Puucr to dclcaatc' strtion 3, the Cxuirat Governmeut mi1y, .by notihc*tiou io thc Offrcial Gazetten delcgHte, subjoct to ruch conilitioas and limitellona 8s tnay be *jimified in ttc trbtifisalion, suchofits poumrs and functions under thic-Act. [e,reep th€ powcr to rion$titute an authority under sub- aection (3) of mctisn 3 and to ruaEe nrles under s€c'tiou 251er it may dean. secsssary or cxpcdient, to EttI o{Ecer, State Gowntmeut or other authority. ?A. (l) $ubjcct to the povisiona of eub-section (2), the prtt' Effrst of vision* of this Acr snd thc rnles or ordere .mudc there in shnll have otter lE*r effect norwithstmding soything imonsistcnt therewith coutained in &rty eBactmcnt other thrn thir Act' (?) $rhere iroy act or ornission eonsliluteu ttn offence puni+"b[ foutd ,rn&; thit Acr afid also unrlrr auy otlte r ALt then thc offender guilry or**h oft'encc shall bu liable to be punished under lltt othsr Act asd.sot under this Act- t5r ( I ) The Central (iovernm{int xn&y, by notifi*ation.io Oflicisl Po*rr to Gar*.tt$. meke firlcs for carrying out the purPoses of thia Act- rnu.ke rul*s, (2) In particuier. and wishout prejudice to the generulity of the forcgoing trxr$er, srch rulcs may proride for all or auy of the foUowing matters, namelY: - (a) the st*ndar+ls in ercrs$ of which cnvironmertat pollutaots shall noi be diilchtr8lrd or cmitted uttdr:r stction 7: (b) the procedure. irr mconlaueu with untl tbc safegurrrfu iu compliirnoe with which hazardous subsutces shall be han- dled or cau$e to be handled uniler oection 8; (c) thb autlxrrities or agencies to +vhiEh intiuratiou of the fnct of occurreooL'or apprchtn$ictfl.of cccurrenec $f ths discharge of dny environnrental ;nllutsnt in excess of the prerribed slandurds shull.bu given and to r*hcrm all itssiutancc shall trc bound ts be rendered under sub'sectiot {1) of su'ction 9; @ @ w l4 xHB Ei\rvrRo:\lugnrr (rnoracTruN) eEl, 1986 (d) thc rnantrer ir which samples of uir' \$trtei, suil or othcr subctsRcc for the Purpose of analyris shall bb [a&cn under rubcetiou (l) af aection ll; [e)' lhs fqrm in which notice of interytign to have a- r1ryple ani*yscd *hall h* scrvetl'uflder clause (a) of suh'stttion (3) of teetiou ll; (fl) tle functions of the eavironmental laboratori€s, the Pro- ccdure fot thc submisrion to such Iaboratorics of sautphs of afu. water, soil snd otbersubshnces for aualysis or teat; the form'of taboratory rtport; the feea peyabl+ for such r€port and other matters to enable such laboratories to Gaffy out tlreir fiinctr+os,tnds.r sob'aertion (2) of section 12; fu)'-' the qualificatiotrs of Govcrnmeat Anelyst apgninted or recogtieed for the PurPose.of a-oalysis of sartrples of air- w*tor, *oil or other auhtances uoder eection 13; (h)' the ruauuer in whiph notice sfthe ofleuce and of the iDtention ' to ruakc a cnmplaint to the Central Gowrhmctrt shall bc Edwu under slau$€ {b) of s€ction I9i. (i) the r.uthority or oflic+r to ryhom any rcPorts, returos, stalistiel fiscounG Elld other inftrrmation ahall bc furni*hr:d under scctioa II; U) auy otht'r matttr whiuh i* reqtrired to tre, or m&y be, prescribed. xtrsy Ruler ?rt, Every rule ma& undtr this Act shftll br laid' as Eoon ss mrdc be after it irlpadq beforc each House of Parliament, wlrile it is in und* 6ession, for a tokl poriod of thiiry dsys which may be c9gU5ired.tn thir Act one Seesion or in rwO Or mofE sudcessive sessiont, and if. befOre the to be ltid following the session- or the bcfort expiry of the .rssion imrnediately any Pu[irroenr. susceosive s€frsions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making modilicirtion in the rute or both tlouas agrct that the rule rhould not bc mudc, rhe rtltc shtr[ therusftsr havc cff€ct only in such modifitd fonn or be of no effect, ds tfiecme may bcl 3{r, horvewr, tlret any suctr modification or annulirsdt shall be withoul prejudice to the vulidity .of anything pteviously done under tlrqt tulo- of Thi* Act of Parliament re*ived the asteut of thc Prcsident India oa the 23rd'MaY,'l 986: - @ t-/ Questlon Booklet No. Q.B. Series : routtt A Paper - I Time : 2:00 to 4:30 Pm Maximum Marks: 150 Pm Roll No. Name: : irgqEEIr : (2) rir'fi sry d. 3l-60) (l) fitiI-l Hs (l) Eru krr ,a mflrnrr Errrd ({-E ti' t-30) tWfe xr3 rrfurmrsc,r{fut+6 1qrya'*. (3) d-drafr sr.Er ({.H?t 29. ot-so) (4) arng 1q6e if' st-t 20) tsl l2l-l5o) E fi+u uat rlrm try^fl* frd?' fi5t u-dtfi E-€rfuhr oa A'6.'ilx.'rgs fie i ffed ea, i6 f,ro' UTTkd"i*' (2\ ffiiss ftdrir i-€ )?B F-e 6-{5(#, g3 *"a d iB ter ars-s n"€a'-fr reo fr U* fr^9q: ,{rd xfiil t, ngFb s"d fu{6ut' f{E Efl 9ro rfi t t (3) qra r1xfu-a, ffs l-sg U.rm ffi I Ot{ e' ffi ffi afr'fa l+-dridr rrr eair, (4) Gidt;u-* ;rs6 deffi u'o ura{,k 06 s fr e-di d* iTer "*g.*r+.rr.s. qrya ri: fifs dIfr Effrl3 rq' 3 fi fifs' ila t (s) {F-6 Er rn g*s trrrrr dlz t r's (6) ffa + {q gf{ fE 3 qrd { afrs ffa?rr tAdr f''.Ed ,,ri €ffi 3e'stdl'r't€' i;; gi" a. aa nm €estfr6r d Lrfr + rftrt n'?, Er,'& qfr gds tr J d )?rizrr ru sei rce 3' (8) aqaz.a, )ffi il e.dt fueEfra nrdrE-drdrre-ar fg:dprrd Sef se?s6.J rcsd(rd 3 u'ffiurrgl t ffi rrf.*O a-gtO fCar nridfrl d 6+dr' )?f3 hfgd (e) ?rz trEr+ i. g,"fu. gtfle-+-d 6.rilr.rrr.s 1!} ardg?5 aqft ($1ns€-d Anft) $3 t, fi sri6p1 6.*n.ry'0. flz ffiflem d ,fn+rr' ;-sd dre + uftroi gq1e+ + qc'E d fe hffifr H'lqD1{ fi ( l0) {16 U-Ekd, xftil*fr ,B ,itffi ef ffs tffir ffi n-cs )dftH )ifrne srfuP1 : INSTRUCTIOITS: (Zf-puniobi Languege (l) paper - I consisrs ot (lfCnlA Development nnd Pedagf,gy (Q. No. t-SO) (Q: No. 9l-120) and (Q. No. 3t-60) (3) Engllsh Language (Q. No. 6t-90) 14lNlathematlcs . 1s/Entlronmental Studles (Q. No. l2l-150). Series on OMR Slrccr and also by durkening (Zl Ensurc tilling ot your Ccntrc Codc, Roll No.. Qucstion Booklct No.. Q.B. appnrpriutc ovals. ln. case of wrong filling the datu, candidate will be responsible' mark. with four alternatives out of which one answer is (3) euestion papcr carries 150 marks. Each question carrics one correct. Thcre will be no ncgrtlve marking' (4) Use only BLUE/BLACK Brll Point Pen to darken thc appropriate oval. to the qucstiorr while answering (5) Mark y.ur respolsc only at the appropriate space ugainst the nurnbcr corresponding on the OMR ResPonse Sheet' (6) Marking more than one response shall be treated as witng response'. \ be dark and the oval should be (7) Mark your response by comptetety drrkenlng the relevant oval. The Mark should completely filled. prohibited and use of tlrese shall lcad to (g) Use of calculator. Mobile rir any electronic/ hclping device is strictly disqualilication. (Candldrte's Copy) of OM R and hand over (9) Aftcr completion of Test. candidate M UST rcmove the Crrbon copy thc Orlglnal OMR sheet to lnvlgllaior beforc leaving the Exam' Hall' Punlabl. ln case ofany doubt, English version will bc taken us final' ( I 0) The qucstion paper rvill 6" both in Enallsh & Paper-r - A ll lllllllllllll llll ,: i e t5, $q: c3@'ff 'fl lqD fl: il E, oe@ i, fl,s $H, f,, fl rr il? rIl 's'fl's fl nJ -,r' 4S fiil f. H,5] f, H, 5g flr E, iii*fi: il'!N rl: rl u[ {: r,{: " ? *ry q: -+n+ fl ,nl cI s3, \, + til, Ha {infi$$$# il33 gE aI -rl h,l q,fl fi, 4Iil +19ffin I cl, .I {:i 3il f,u 5'r o&, c J- gl.r di... f, +* I il '9, dd ilr 3 r0I ti '{.16I , ' : lIlr fli q$ fi' r: - , il, at ,H ,fib ":i ilr fli :.i i ,lll I I , -!' ,'( .fl, ils e.t fl{ :l d$, f;i f;i.il ,'al .:1;il:'il. d['l j'ic #fl 4-fl'' ..1 f[,fl, HI *tfl;{, , "J__1..'... f,1ff '.+'$r f:a,r; i,i I V_0- d-; dlo ttt I ) a, 1J, YB ,lt, v',Pz )$ !) F.b yb IJ 5-{ 'i 0l I ;1$ {a TTU d F a rf { 6l l(,?O) I < IJO,J 9I I oJ ,o, t- ).-0 rt d ,C -0 {k a) $ g+ k !r "I -.|.) .ffi:-E---' E.:* erd (s) Es fea eur glUu gr srgts -e (') 0, ir- ' @ fes s-a, i r (e) fee eq-Esa gtutr e, g'ein /-fe,fli/ 0 i Es ,fl'fe,{'i I ua ryns fer feo srerg ieo l-vil l,B feo /-rrrr/ fea eea ulUdr a Eui gu r[3, aru dar i r hq ceE 5 ornt ,a' 'uifi,rri' fuuQ or, 9o ,rrns fee /ai (a) i o,r/ i : fiJd. gR ilaul qe -,8' f fuf., elarl 1a f,url w HrE dda Un /. Es Qsrfa,ar stgr N, ua feq e1 $r+e1 /-le/ e Lq B fegsl aloel i r fefrsa a,s e1 fei g,eiri usti u?r, fe€. a,d uti 6....., u?l'arri .3'arfsad 6 --...,fee r ,: fed-<€6 rJldot arer 6rL )r{urer6 arda (ablative casc) eryfi; {l,sarB}:6irfiQ1,:irtfi ilhe4i /f, 6$f, slr fkt: I JttUr6rr15,,r 61 pFlr 3l$tH,,/.F./r0;',fi ,HE{#liqtlr*,rlltt**rg dff i r Ulria 3 fuxsal ffa qor a's o1 ri€qa (vocativc c 0 c'€is e1 saO oa ,tfirfli,, .tl : /(d(o)i,rri/ I , /riio)i€//Y\v.rds/ q ,dr1B', ,uk16, '0 fi(o):?B/ /a(o)e16/: fes frEqa c,eis U?5 : fea esa-Vru"a / ryl /i(o)i'ui/ fee, Ei! jr*Ni ND Dr. S.S. Wadhwa )- il.";.ffitr# bnal Bool lffiH Tu-l-€^'-L^' C.t\ t^ s8 [\ $*/- ofE ,F qo The Nature of Language \ # in p,.tr,or,i,1ili',r#;;ff;HH: language, like any other living language, is 3:* .*:;]!l: lllry "oT1. not static. lt is constantly 'ry: :::_,::,r:.!:!:?^, but_evin mo.e from th" Ar;;i,;',i"y changing and developing. Everything said here about English is subjeit "il to change as long as English is spoken. ll1:-1,:'?gl?f.yo-'^ii:,4':,y"2yi'" j';;;;,;;";:"i,:';i'#J Since, languagJdoes change, tl]r-tucr ii of ou. r"rgr"J" what we say about it today rnay not be true about it tomor.roi.v. important.I"11 .that .retationsh 'ianluag"ro'il;;";;#;';ii christophersen says that Pt. Nehru said, "We live in a changing world ; We can,t communication- i, ,n"u* or communication oithoughts n"L p"rrln" io-unott* possibly__thirtk in ternu of state of affairs n tirguag, or anytlting is the main function language. we of Righ-t communcation"i" invorves the else,.^". [f compare modern English with the language used in l2tir right use.of ranguage. TEe iigtrt is" of rangffi m"a"ns or 13th century we are surprised at the marked difference. pronunciation rignt .K, and right intonation. In sixteenth century, the letter was sounded in the worCs_ Language . ?: Relates to the Culture in which it Exists know, knife, k,owledge but now it is corrsidered funny if the same is said : It that rhe srory the tanguage is the ,to.y-of 'K' is sounded in the above said words. with the purrug. of tinie. Language is not ro be found^of some words become in vaiutim. It is reratei to ir,""ilirir.tior. in old and they are rarely used. Some i:erv rvords which it exists. That is_why, we say that ranguage is based on"ritrr" come into being according to the present requirernents of the people cultural .ornron experiences. It has nr"rning ontyin ftration to *riro.i"ty For example, the word 'Brunch, was coined a few yeari bick. and culture. Language exists in its s"peaklrs and its sp"ut Breakfast+Lunch=Brunch. prof. Louis Ir. Gray in the book specific places i, ,No arid specific sociar groups. Dr, c.c. rries"i, "*irtiightry "Foundations of language', observes, tanguage rernains says. "The ,correctnir, only busis for in a tanguage-i-ri"'urng, perfectly stcrtic in its spoken form, and e.t,en ii uiitten of its narive - fornt speakers. Language deverops in a curturar context almost altvays clunges, though usually nrcre slov,ly than its therefore *' and lfar rneets tire needs_oJ.theiociety in which i, a"r"i"pr. spoken t)'pe." 10. Language ir Up of A Few Popular Misconceptions About Language , lyr.d." flabits : When w'e- say that _ Ianguage is m^ade ^. up of habits, *" ,"un simply tfrut o* i,r.-,of If language is a complex system, it is but natural tti"t tii" comrnon language *," or of this system itserf is ordinarir,vt, ,r," t,.uit l.i,.r. po, m-an must develop a few wiong conceptions regarding it. A few out using a language we ofthem are as : are to handre the appaiatus consisting of vocal under organs' Prof. Languages rr.A. Gleason says, "rii native speaker uses this .I.. are Logical : There are people who think so. apparatt$ ?npry easily and v,ithottt thoughi iirn, pirrrr, ,,- But it is Rot correct. There rnay be some rogic io far as the operatirrg From th.is principle of tlre ] it is crysrbt clear thar learni;_e of i1,v i,.rillilrug", system is concerned. But as a rute, ranguages are illogical e.gl especiaily a foreign ranguage English spelling pronunciation. -'f rike Engrish. ,equi.", a rit of ariiiowork. and The sound is preslnted b--v Many other devices are aGo tor fixing trre ,"t.-ri'"i'i, tt" different spelling combinations in these words : for. philosophy, enougtr, of the pupils and "rr"nti} Iieutenant. The letter Sinds for enabring them to make correct use of it 'a' is pronounced differentiy in eacli-of these habitually. words : able, at, about, after, above, abserrt etc. Language Changes : 2..s*. Languages are unlearnable -1I. . : It is not true. Si,ce all Lord Tennyson human beings have sang, been gifted with the same vocal organs, tlrev can i "The old order chaigeth yielding place to neu,.,, learn all the languages produced by the same appa.atus (speech ,|r ttre'tine organs). ii ir?ri ffio.t"nt for us. rhe tast, : though3.^:":11':lt*"" not the,""ri*";jlr::"Jili"linguage is that it changes. All we cannot say that Hindicarrnot be learnt or English or saiis[rit 9T-t*- rvere always and had U".r-rtfruy, i"'"'r"""';?':;#;; cannot be leamt. All languages can be tearnt proviJed one has the irt the will power to do so:---- does not reflect indit idual lo 3. Reading rather than Listening is the Way'to Learn a totiform and _ ,NI nrost Language : No, we have already discussJd that languale is prirnarirl, speech. One n'n+Jhe English may know how to speak a language lrlry not know ion to Descriprire l;fuu-stics how to read it but vice versa is not posri-br".-Mor"o".i."ia there are rnany lan-euages of the rvorld rvhich exiir only cn the speaking level. / h)dv \r (__ DIPLOMA IN ELBMENTARY EDUCATION L (D.El.Ed.) I i {.I Course-,50J Learnirg Lan,guages at Erementclry Level Block -3 Language X,earning in the Ciassroom o \r'. I NATI.NAL TNST,,,M .PEN SCHoot,ING A - l4/2). Instirutiona.l Area. Sec:rr;r _ 6?.NOIDA Cautarn Buddha Nagar. Up _ 201309 Website: wrvw.nios.ac. in F"( \"T;15*i EA^.--.l{q- t-/ so3 q-,t- G\a^^.-\^tE) le-"^*.{ \ "f rl -L -i? ,'t6?fry Assessment presently is emphasise the number of marks obtained. But its we have just talked about the assessment of a cbild's ability to read and. hislher urderstanding of language. wehave this to record data During assess_ ment we should write "*fuuy. a descriptive comment for each child. Itis oot ,."orury that these comments be detailed but the basis of each comment must be clear. Each cornment should be elaborated by a d.escription of what was seen during the observation. For exanrple, the folrowing comrtrent about a child newly entering crass r is extremely limited and i,comprete: "Jaya shows i,terest in Looks.,, The basis of this comnrent must be presented. It canbe written in the following way: 'Taya shows interest in books. she looked through the books in the reading cor- ner tbr a long interval. Then she picked up a book and kept rooking at each picture tunr by turn for long periods. This was a book s1 animals.,, This assessment shows the behavior of the child and describes somerhing that actually happened. It is not a mere opinion. you N when have 7_g comments kind of this about a child over a period 2 of to 4 montrr, then you can understand the development of her language abillty in some detail. Comments should be such that they clarifu what the child has rearnt in the process of teaching and reanring. It will show us the way forward keeprng fu mind the reality of the situatiou For example, we have leamt the digFrculties in learning to read and we will have to find solutions for it. To make a chird ream to read we wil have to prepare activi_ ties and exercises or other methods to lrelp her rearn. In assessnlent we must srkq : ltutguage l*arning in the C,lassroom l- i---- ,\sscrsrncrrt I i\ the of a child only with with the of any otlrer child s! UBJ uv uurEIglIL from others. We know, for example, that some childrenleam to read, understand leam difficurt concepts *:-1-I:i:'r, much tater. rt is, veryYwrJ rmporranrru{ .rlLaill ,1" need to encoruase a[ }*X:::i,:: children and not onry teach those is not a1n shot job or l,3.,-:l"jy:.f:::,-.:lout every e;;Jd"#* thre months or so; it is a life_long process. Check Your h:ogress-2 1. Whnt mu* we lceep in nind during assessrurtt? We must (tick one): (a) compare the prugrcss of the chitd with her previous rever of leant.ing. (b) conryarc ilte prugrcss of one child with other childrcn (c) contpare rhe progrcss of the chitd with rhose wrto reant leanfi more. fast and have (d) con,are thc prugrcss of rtu chitdwith those wha speak quicHy. 2' wy shourd tre prucess of assessnrcnt be student-ceruered? adttantages what are fue of such a p rccess ? the ' f:;:;#;;i:x:;!:*"'to teachins and tearnins pocess? wile .....'...'....'.... 4' You read a comn ew on the ab*ity of a ch*d to rcad. a conanent Now sim*arly write describing the then r,riiing abitin of the ob,ss;s4 explain the basis of your cont*nu.""' child and Diploma in Erementary gau*oouffi) .j @ v t: and learners given opportunities to learn according to the diversity and in rearning backg'ounds and their speciar requirements. This u,ir has o,ry a few sug_ gestions that are given berow. you can add many more based on your experience. l' Assessment shourd be done keeping in mind abirities rarher than the con_ tent. 2. ceoveraccuracy. 3.Toassessdifferentabilitiesyoudo,.,o,ffio".i,,i.;"*.?'I'^aa^^^^rjff- -*rgl*" nt* '' .rtE* 4d ,tir^."^0. 4. Asses smenr herps prov i dr.*-, d" tt .h i r o."rGth-ffi-r,tu g'i-,,"^^- ' " n i tyd r earn accord_ ing to their needs and the diversity in them. Assessment 5. goes on throughout the session and covers a1 aspects of a performance. chird,s That's what we mean try continuous and comprehensive as_ sessment. - 10.8 SUGESSTED REAONCS AND REFEREIiM l. NCERT. 2009. Monual.for Assessment.NcERT, New Delhi. 2' NCERT' 2008. urutcrstrtndi*g oiReading.NCERT, New Derhi. 3' Vidya Bhawan Society. ?009. Kites series: Book.s.rbr cro.rsc,s r to g. New Delhi: Macrnillan. 10.9 UNrT-END EXERCTSES 1. write the difficurties teurners, parents and teachers face due to the present method of assessmenl 2. How does assessmenr herp the teacher formurate her teaching pran? crarify. 3. why^should the progress of a chird not be compared with that of other dren? chir- 4' At primary lever what wourd you emphasise more. fluency or accuracy? why? 5' what are the major points of assessment in rarrguage rearrring? Describe the process for any one poirrt in detail. Assignment: IJse one passage' one poem and one pray from crass - 3 book and form questions appr opriate for assessment. Block 3 : Language.I*arning in lhe Classrooni I ''NBme re Ma,ks Sec rrrec: Bir J Gurmeet Singh 204179 General 89 242333 General 89 Tirath Ram General 89 6 SnarnV Snarrna 203992 General B9 Achharpreet 240586 General B9 Kaushal 8 21 61 88 B9 9- Shipra General - BB 10-- Rimpy Thakur 250884 General 1T Paramjeet Kaur 231337 General I I 12 General 13 Ramandeep Kaur L__ __ 't 14 Amarjit Kaur 255022 -1s Malkit Singh 206702 c/-. Jarnail Singh 206114 17 Gulab Singh - 237102 SC - -i8 Jagmit Singh 214935 SC I 19 SC l 120 Ranjit Singlr 201781 I I t21 Ranjit Kaur | 229541 OBC -1 Gagandeep Kaur 80 l ,,] Resham Singh Dt- - *- Gurpreet Kaur SC -7i Naiin Singlr SC Gurdeepsrngh --t- zzsaog SC i-i GE[andeeP Singh '-28 amder Kaur SE l 29 I I 87 . sll. )fe,-il- nruxl, iln.fr.s1 nr,6.7ft. r1;r'11 , 3yz i#t:-::-. -+:....