Geschiedenis Van Het Hindoeïsme (Klostermaier) 1

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Geschiedenis Van Het Hindoeïsme (Klostermaier) 1 Dit document vormt een onderdeel van de website https://www.religies-overzichtelijk.nl Hier vindt u tevens de koppelingen naar de andere teksten en de indexen, de toelichtingen en de afkortingen Laatste bewerking: 26-09-2020 (c) Geschiedenis van het Hindoeïsme (Klostermaier) 1 1 Een korte geschiedenis van het Śāktisme ................................................................ 7 1.1 Oorsprong en verspreiding van het Śāktisme .......................................................... 8 1.1.1 Inleiding tot de oorsprong en verspreiding van het Śāktisme ............................... 9 1.1.2 De cultus van de Grote Godin (Mahādevī) in de Indus-dalbeschaving .................... 10 1.1.3 De cultus van de Grote Godin (Mahādevī) in de inheemse dorpen ....................... 11 1.1.3.1 Algemene kenmerken van de religie van de moedergodin .............................. 12 1.1.3.2 Devī als oorlogsgodin .......................................................................... 13 1.1.4 Devī als niet-Vedische godin..................................................................... 14 1.1.4.1 Inleiding tot Devī als niet-Vedische godin ................................................. 15 1.1.4.2 De verhouding tussen de Vedische religie en de niet-Vedische Devī-religie ......... 16 1.1.4.3 Introductie van Devī als niet-Vedische godin in de Vedische religie .................. 17 1.1.4.4 De verhouding tussen de aspecten van maagd en moeder bij Devī als niet-Vedische godin .................................................................................................... 18 1.1.5 Devī in de filosofie van het eigenlijke Śāktisme ............................................. 19 1.1.6 De namen van Devī in het eigenlijke Śāktisme ............................................... 20 1.1.7 Verspreiding van het Śāktisme .................................................................. 21 1.1.8 Het Śāktisme in moderne tijden ................................................................ 22 1.2 De ontwikkeling van de mythologie van Devī ........................................................ 23 1.2.1 De godin in de Veda ............................................................................... 24 1.2.1.1 De godin in de Ṛg Veda ....................................................................... 25 1.2.1.2 De godin in andere Vedische teksten ....................................................... 26 1.2.1.3 De godin na de Vedische periode ............................................................ 27 1.2.1.4 Conclusie t.a.v. de godin in de Veda ....................................................... 28 1.2.2 Devī in de epiek ................................................................................... 29 1.2.2.1 Devī in de Rāmāyaṇa........................................................................... 30 1.2.2.2 Devī in de Mahābhārata ....................................................................... 31 1.2.2.2.1 Pārvatī in de Mahābhārata ................................................................ 32 1.2.2.2.2 Durgā, de godin van de oorlog, in de Mahābhārata .................................. 33 1.2.2.2.2.1 Durgā in de Sauptika Parvan (Mahābhārata) ..................................... 34 1.2.2.2.2.2 Durgā in de Bhīṣma Parvan (Mahābhārata) ....................................... 35 1.2.2.2.2.3 Durgā in de Virāṭa Parvan (Mahābhārata) ......................................... 36 1.2.2.2.3 De ‘Moeders’ in het gezelschap van Kārttikeya in de Śalya Parvan (Mahābhārata) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37 1.2.2.3 Devī in de Harivaṃśa .......................................................................... 38 1.2.2.4 Conclusies t.a.v. Devī in de epiek ........................................................... 39 1.2.3 Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ................................................................. 40 1.2.3.1 Inleiding tot Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ............................................. 41 1.2.3.2 De mythologie van Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ...................................... 42 1.2.3.2.1 Kenmerken van de mythologie van Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) .............. 43 1.2.3.2.2 Oorsprong van Devī in de mythologie van de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ............... 44 1.2.3.2.2.1 Oorzaak van de diversiteit van oorsprongsmythen van Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ........................................................................................... 45 1.2.3.2.2.2 Belangrijkste tradities betreffende de oorsprong van Devī in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ........................................................................................... 46 1.2.3.2.2.3 Oorsprong van andere Devī-godinnen in de Purāṇa’s (algemeen) ............ 47 1.2.4 De mythe van Devī’s slachting van de buffeldemon Mahiṣa ............................... 48 1.2.4.1 Inleiding tot de mythe van Devī’s slachting van de buffeldemon Mahiṣa ............ 49 1.2.4.2 De mythe van Devī’s slachting van de buffeldemon Mahiṣa in de Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa .................................................................................................... 50 1.2.4.3 De mythe van Devī’s slachting van de buffeldemon Mahiṣa in de Devī Bhāgavata Purāṇa .................................................................................................... 51 1.2.5 De mythe van Devī’s slachting van Śumbha en Niśumbha in de Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa .. 52 1.2.5.1 Ontstaan van het conflict in de Śumbha-mythe .......................................... 53 1.2.5.2 De daden van de verschijningen van Devī in de Śumbha-mythe ....................... 54 1.2.5.3 De overwinning op de asura’s m.b.v. de Śakti’s in de Śumbha-mythe ............... 55 1.2.5.4 De slachting van Raktabīja en Niśumbha in de Śumbha-mythe ........................ 56 1.2.5.5 De slachting van Śumbha in de Śumbha-mythe ........................................... 57 1.2.5.6 Lofprijzing van Devī als verlossergodin en haar beloften in de Śumbha-mythe ..... 58 1.2.6 Overige mythen van de slachting van demonen door Devī in de Purāṇa’s .............. 59 1.2.7 Gedaanten en manifestaties van Devī ......................................................... 60 1.2.7.1 Indeling van de Devī’s naar regio ............................................................ 61 1.2.7.2 Indeling van de Devī’s naar avatāra’s ...................................................... 62 1.2.7.3 Indeling naar tīrtha’s en feesten ............................................................ 63 1.2.7.4 Indeling van de Devī’s volgens andere methoden ........................................ 64 1.2.8 Devī in de Tantra’s ................................................................................ 65 1.2.8.1 Inleiding tot Devī in de Tantra’s ............................................................. 66 1.2.8.2 Tantra wegen naar verlossing ................................................................ 67 1.2.8.2.1 Paśumārga als Tantra weg naar verlossing ............................................ 68 1.2.8.2.2 Vīramārga als Tantra weg naar verlossing ............................................. 69 1.2.8.2.3 Divyamārga als Tantra weg naar verlossing ........................................... 70 1.2.8.3 Belangrijkste elementen uit het Tantrisme ............................................... 71 1.2.8.3.1 Dīkṣā als belangrijk element uit het Tantrisme ...................................... 72 1.2.8.3.2 Reiniging van de pañca makāra’s als belangrijk element uit het Tantrisme .... 73 1.2.8.3.3 De Nyāsa-rite als belangrijk element uit het Tantrisme ............................ 74 1.2.8.3.4 De rite van het wekken van Kuṇḍalinīśakti als belangrijk element uit het Tantrisme ................................................................................................ 75 1.2.8.4 Enige belangrijke kenmerken van het Tantrisme ......................................... 76 1.3 Verering en iconografie van Devī ...................................................................... 77 1.3.1 Inleiding tot de verering en iconografie van Devī ........................................... 78 1.3.2 Afbeeldingen van Devī als gemalin van Śiva .................................................. 79 1.3.3 Afbeeldingen van Devī als Durgā ................................................................ 80 1.3.3.1 Voorstellingen van Durgā in ’t algemeen .................................................. 81 1.3.3.2 Voorstelling van Devī Mahiṣamardinī of Kātyāyanī ....................................... 82 1.3.4 Afbeeldingen van Devī in haar overige gedaanten .......................................... 83 1.3.5 Afbeeldingen van Devī als avatāra ............................................................. 84 1.3.6 Devī in de hymnen................................................................................. 85 1.3.7 Devī in het ritueel ................................................................................. 86 1.3.8 Devī en de centra van Śakti-bedevaart ........................................................ 87 1.3.8.1 Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van de Śakti-bedevaart ....................................... 88 1.3.8.2 De Kāmākhyā-tempel te Guwāhāti (Assam) ............................................... 89 1.3.8.3 Devī-festivals .................................................................................... 90 1.4 Śākta filosofie ............................................................................................. 91 1.4.1 Inleiding tot de Śākta filosofie .................................................................. 92
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