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t92 PRINCIPES [Vor 4I Prircipes,41(4), 1997, pp. 192-197,2ll-217 A Revisionof Linospadixin Australia, with the Descriptionof a NewSpecies JouNL. Dowr 32 HoneysuckleDriue, Annandale, Queemland,4814, Autralia Ar,rrHor.{vK. Invfi.,ru Tropical Forest ResearchCentre, CSIRO, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, Queemland 4883, Awtralia Linospadix (commonly known as walking-stick the type of stamenattachment (dorsi- or basifixed). palms) is a genus of understory palms occurring Uhl and Dransfield (1987) suggestedthat these in Eastern Australia and New Guinea. The fea- generacould be regardedas subgeneraof a single tures that have historically been used to charac- genus,though preliminary examinationof relation- terize the genus are as follows: a spicate inflores- ships by Ferrero and Dowe (in preparation) sug- cence; leafbasesnot forming a tubular crownshaft; gests that there is sufficient heterogeneitywithin prophyll partially hidden within the lea{bases; the group to justify maintaining the present peduncle long and bare, semiterete to dorsiven- genericdistinctions. trally flattened;peduncular bract tubular, attached C. T. White (1936) was understatingidentifi- at the distal end of the peduncle below the fertile cation difficulties when he said of Lirnspadix . portion (rachis) and fully enclosingthe fertile por- "differences between the various speciesare tion; peduncular bract papery, withering early and rather difficult to follow." This can particularly eventually deciduous, leaving either a clean scar apply in the field when two or more speciesoccur or oersistentbract remnants:flowers in triads. ses- together.All the Australian speciesare very vari- sile, spirally arrangedin shallow pits in the prox- able in leafform, having, apart from irregular pin- imal three-fourths of the rachis, paired or single nate forms, evenly and finely segmentedforms. staminate flowers in distal one-fourth; staminate Variationof leaf segmentationis presentedin Fig- flowers globose, bullet-shaped, or angled,/pyrami- ure 1. The manner in which the leaf segments dal in bud, widely or not widely opening at anthe- change into either single pinnae or groups of sis; stamens few to many; anthers dorsifixed or united pinnaehas influencedsome authors to cre- approachingbasifixed; pistillode absent, or small ate new species based on this aspect 1..g., L. with three apical lobes; pistillate flowers globose aequisegmentosa(Domin) Burret : L. palmeriana to elliosoidal.but same size or smaller than the (F. M. Bailey) Burret, and Bacularia intermedia staminateflower when in bud, stigma trifid, mod- C. T. White - L. rninor(W. Hill) F. Muell.l. Fruit erately protruding at anthesis;fruit small, globose, color at maturity can vary, being either yellow or ellipsoidal,turbinate, or cylindrical,with stigmatic red in I. apetiolata, L. microcarya,L. minor, and remains apical, colored yellow, pink, or red at L. palrneriana, though it is red only in L. monos- maturity; endocarp adhering to the seed; endo- tachya. There is some variation, which is of diag- spermnomogeneous. nostic value in flower and fruit structure,based on Related genen-Calyptrocalyx, Howea,Laccos- shape and orientation of petals, stamen number, padix, and Paralinospadix (which along with the degree to which petals open at anthesis,and Linospadix comprise the subtribe Linospadicinae: lamina morphology. A composite inflorescence tribe Areceae:subfamilv Arecoideae)-have his- with bracts and fruit of all speciesis presentedin torically beenseparated on characterssuch as the Figure 2. condition of the endosperm(ruminate or homoge- neous),habit (solitaryor clustering),size, the posi- TaxonomicHistory tion of attachmentof the peduncular bract (either Wendland (1875) establishedthe gents Linos- toward the base or the apex of the peduncle), and padix to include a single species,Linospadix rnon- 19971 DOWEAND IRVINE: LINOSPADIXIN AUSTRALIA 1. Variation of lea{ segmeniationwithin Lircspadix in Australia. The species in which each form occurs are as follows. a: I. apetiolata only. b: A11except L monostachya.c: All except L. nonostachya and,L. apetiolata. d: All except L. monostachya.e: All except L. mnostachya and L. apetiolata. f: L, monostachya onIy. g: L. apetiolata and L. microcarya only. h: A11except I. apetiolata. Drawing by Lucy Smith. PRIN C IPES [\'ot..4l reeTl DOWEAND IRVINE:LINOSPADIX IN AUSTRALIA r95 PRINCIPES [Vor-.4t ostachya,which Martius (1837) had originally the Australianspecies described at that time (and placed as Arecamonostachya and Mueller (1870) someNew Guinea taxa)oI Bacularia to Linospadix. as Kentia monostachya.To this was added the future l. minor, firsI described by Hill (1874) as Materials and Methods Areca minor and then as Kentia minor hy Mueller Extensive field collections and studies have (lB7B). Also aroundthis time Mueller transferred been made since the early 1970s by AKI and thesetwo speciesto Bacularia, an impreciseand sincethe early 1990sby JLD. Herbariumresearch obscuregenus, which he erectedto accountfor the has been undertaken by both authors at BRI, Australian taxa in Linospadix. Refined and NSW, and QRS, while loans and assistancewere expanded descriptions of both Linospadix and receivedfrom B, BM, FI, and MEL. Baculariawere subsequently published by Hooker (fBB3),with differencesbetween the generabased TaxonomicTreatment on stamen number (6-12 for Bacularia and 6-9 for Linospadix),anther attachment (either basi- or Linospadix H. Wendl., Linnaea 39: 177, IBB, dorsifixed), and geographicallocation (Baculario' 198, T. 2, frgure2. IB75; Beccari, Malesia l: in Australia and,Linospad,ir in New Guinea).The 62. IB77 H. Wendl. : Paralinospadix]; nameBacularia wasfirst used by Mueller (1870) lnon Hooker f. in Benth. & Hooker f., Cen. Pl. 3: who suggestedit as an alternativegeneric name 870, 903. lBB3; Burret, Notizbl.Bot. Gart Mus. in discussion und,er Kentia monostachya. Also Berlin-Dahlem12:330. 1935rBeccari & Pich'- under BacuLariaminor, Mueller (1878) suggested Sermolli,Webbia 1l: 56. 1955; Burret & Potz- that a possiblecorrect name for this specieswas tal, Willdenowia1: 354. 1956; Stanley& Ross, indeed Linospadix minor, thorgh he never pub- Fl. southeastern 3:270. f9B9; Uhl & lished this combination.The basis of separation Queensl. Dransfield,Genera Palmarum 383. 1987.Type: betweenLinospadix and Bacularia was not made Linospadix monostachya(Mart.) H. Wendl. clear by Mueller and the charactersused by (Are c a rnonost ac hy a MarI.) Hooker to define the two generaare now consid- ered to be variableand inconsistent. BaculariaF. Muell., Fragm.7: 103. lBT0fnomen]; Subsequently,Bailey (1889) describedL. pal- Fragm.11: 58. IBTB; Hookerf., Bot. Mag. 108: meriana (as B. palmeriana) from Bellenden-Ker; T. 6644. IBB2; Hooker f. in Benth. & Hooker L. aequisegrnentosa(now a synonym of L. palmer- f., Gen. Pl. 3: 870, 903. 1883; F. M. Bailey, iana) and,L. microcaryawere also describedfrom Queensl.fl. 5: 1679. 1902. Type: Bacularia this areaby Domin (1915)(as B. aequisegmentosa rnonostachya(Mart.) F. Muell. and B. rnicrocarya,respectively). Beccari (1934) Bl. (in part to include Bacularia and describedB. sessilifulia(:L. microcarya),which lKentia Linospadix), Bentham, FI. Austral. 7: 135. was collected from near the type locality of I. 1B7B.l microcarya,and White (1936) describedL. inter- media (asB. intermed,ia),which is now a synonym Small to moderate,solitary or clustering,mon- of L. minor. Linospadix apetiolata has been rec- oecious,protandrous palms. Stems very thin to ognizedas a distinct speciesfor sometime, with moderatelythick, clusteringat the base or infre- Jones (1996) listing it as L sp. Mt. Lewis and quently aerially branched.Leaves few to many, QueenslandHerbarium (1994) noting it as L sp. either simply bifid, irregularly paripinnate with (Mt. Lewis K A. Williams82194). single or united pinnae, or evenly and finely par- The mostrecent revision of Linospadlrwas pre- ipinnatewith singlepinnae; leaf sheathsnot form- paredby Burret (1935)in which he transferredall ing a distinct crownshaft,splitting oppositethe 3-6. (page 194) 3. Linospadix monostachyain habitat, 300 m alt., Mt. Warning, New South Wales. 4. Fruit of I'. mon- ostachya. 5. Broadly segmentedleaf form of L, microcarya, Josephine Creek, Mt. Badle Frere, Queensland. 6. Finely seg- mented lea.fform of Z. micror:aryct,Crawfords Lookout, west of Innisfaii, Queensland. 7-10. (page 195) 7. Fruit of L. palmeriana. B. Large form of L. minor, Olivers Creek, Cape Tribulation Nationa] Park, Queensland. 9. Fruit of t mlnor (yellow form). 10. Linospadix apetiolata in habitat, I 250 m alt., Mt. Lewis, Queensland. 19971 DOV/EAND IRVINE: LINOSPADIXIN AUSTRALIA r97 ! :- t l;l'l ffi i: 'l k 2. Inflorescence and fruit of kwspa.d,i*.Inflorescence. a: spike (in bud) with bracts removed (composite).ffi^ b: Propliyll. c: Pedun- cularbract. Fruit. d: L mtnstachya. e: L mirrocarya.f: L palmeiam. g: L minor.h: L apetiola*a. Scale bar: d-h:6 mm. Drawing try Lucy Smith. (Continuedon p. 211) 19971 DOWEAND IRVINE:LINOSPADIX IN AUSTRALIA 211 (Continuedfromp. 197) petiole with margins moderately fibrous; petiole continuouslyto John's Mt., near Hastings River short to long or completely lacking; pinnae 2-30 just north of Taree in New SouthWales. per leaf, terminal pinnae usually broader than lat- Habitats and Phenology. Occurring in coastal eral pinnae. Inflorescence spicate, interfoliar; lowland and upland moist closedforest, in Complex peduncle with an extended bare portion between MesophyllVine Forestto SimpleMicrophyll Vine- the apex of the prophyll and
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  • Morphology, Architecture and Growth of a Clonal Palm, Acoelorrhaphe Wrightii Sara M

    Morphology, Architecture and Growth of a Clonal Palm, Acoelorrhaphe Wrightii Sara M

    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-22-2017 Morphology, Architecture and Growth of a Clonal Palm, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii Sara M. Edelman Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001769 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Botany Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Edelman, Sara M., "Morphology, Architecture and Growth of a Clonal Palm, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3201. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3201 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MORPHOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE AND GROWTH OF A CLONAL PALM, ACOELORRHAPHE WRIGHTII A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Sara Melissa Edelman 2017 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Sara Melissa Edelman, and entitled Morphology, Architecture and Growth of a Clonal Palm, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Kenneth Feeley _______________________________________ Javier Francisco-Ortega _______________________________________ Michael Ross _______________________________________ Scott Zona _______________________________________ Jennifer H. Richards, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 22, 2017 The dissertation of Sara Melissa Edelman is approved.
  • Hann Tableland National Park Supplement

    Hann Tableland National Park Supplement

    BUSH BLITZ SPECIES DISCOVERY PROGRAM Hann Tableland National Park Supplement Australian Biological Resources Study Contents Key Appendix A: Species Lists 3 ¤ = Previously recorded on the reserve and Fauna 4 found on this survey * = New record for this reserve Vertebrates 4 ^ = Exotic/Pest Mammals 4 # = EPBC listed Birds 5 ~ = NCA listed Fish 14 EPBC = Environment Protection and Biodiversity Invertebrates 15 Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) Butterflies 15 NCA = Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Queensland) Beetles 15 True Bugs 16 Colour coding for entries: Termites 17 Black = Previously recorded on the reserve and found on this survey Dragonflies and Damselflies 17 Brown = Putative new species Spiders 18 Blue = Previously recorded on the reserve but Bivalves 18 not found on this survey Snails and Slugs 18 Flora 19 Flowering Plants 19 Conifers 29 Cycads 29 Ferns 30 Fern Allies 30 Lichens 30 Appendix B: Threatened Species 31 Fauna 32 Vertebrates 32 Invertebrates 33 Flora 34 Appendix C: Exotic and Pest Species 35 Fauna 36 Flora 37 2 Bush Blitz survey report — Far North QLD 2010 Appendix A: Species Lists Nomenclature and taxonomy used in this appendix are consistent with that from the Australian Faunal Directory (AFD), the Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) and the Australian Plant Census (APC). Current at March 2013 Hann Tableland National Park Supplement 3 Fauna Vertebrates Mammals Family Species Common name Dasyuridae Dasyurus hallucatus # * Northern Quoll Phascogale tapoatafa * Brush-tailed Phascogale Hypsoprymnodontidae Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Musky Rat-kangaroo Macropodidae Macropus agilis * Agile Wallaby Macropus giganteus * Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus robustus Common Wallaroo Petrogale assimilis Allied Rock-wallaby Petrogale godmani Godman’s Rock-wallaby Petrogale mareeba ~ Mareeba Rock-wallaby Petrogale sp.