p VOL. XLIX. No. 166 PRICE 10/- POST FREE : GON/4* Founded 1886 A j* June, 1966 A CONTENTS Editorial 1 Times Literary Supplement Correspondence 11 r *! Obituaries ... 16 The Stratford Tragi-Comedy 19 Shakespeare Dethroned 42 Odd Numbers 108 Bacon’s Reputation ... 123 - Correspondence 139 Shakespeare Quatercentenary Report © Published Periodically LONDON: Published by The Francis Bacon Society Incorporated at Canonbury Tower, Islington, London, N.l, and printed by Lightbowns Ltd., 72 Union Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight. I THE FRANCIS BACON SOCIETY ■ (incorporated) ; Among the Objects for which the Society is established, as expressed in the Memorandum of Association, are the following: 1. To encourage for the benefit of the public, the study of the works of Francis Bacon as philosopher, statesman and poet; also his character, genius and life; his influence on his own and succeeding times, and the tendencies and results ; of his writing. 2. To encourage for the benefit of the public, the general study of the evidence in favour of Francis Bacon’s authorship of the plays commonly ascribed to Shakespeare, and to investigate his connection with other works of the Eliza­ : bethan period. Officers and Council: :■ Hon. President: . Comdr. Martin Pares, R.N. Past Hon. Presidents: . Capt. B. Alexander, m.r.i. Edward D. Johnson, Esq. ; Miss T. Durnino-Lawrence Mrs. Arnold J. C. Stuart l Hon. Vice-Presidents: ) Wilfred Woodward, Esq. Thomas Wright, Esq. Council: ; Noel Fermor, Esq., Chairman T. D. Bokenham, Esq., Vice-Chairman Comdr. Martin Pares, R.N. Nigel Hardy, Esq. J. D. Maconachie, Esq. A. D. Searl, Esq. C. J. Hemingway, Esq. Wilfred Woodward, Esq. Thomas Wright, Esq. Mrs. D. Brameld, Secretary: Canonbury Tower, Islington, London, N.l Hon. Treasurer: T. D. Bokenham, Esq. The subscription for membership is two guineas payable on election and on the first day of each succeeding January. Members receive a copy of each issue of BACONIANA, without further payment, and are entitled to vote at the Annual General Meetings. Members would assist the Society greatly by forwarding additional donations when possible, and by recommending friends for election. Those members who prefer to remit their subscriptions in American currency, are requested to send S6.25c. / 1 i 1 : f : i A Poster Printed in America in 1942. With grateful acknowledgements to the American Red Cross and Mrs. Maria Manley Hall (See Editorial Page 7) BACONIANA VOL. XLIX (80th Year) No. 166 JUNE, 1966 It should be clearly understood that Baconiana is a medium for the discussion of subjects connected with the Objects of the Society, but the Council docs not necessarily endorse opinions expressed by contributors or correspondents. EDITORIAL It is a ridiculous thing and fit for a satire to persons of judgment to see what shifts these formalists have . Essay. Of Seeming Wise. We present in this issue our record of the pseudo-Shakespeare Qualercentenary of 1964, which is a record of conflicting editorial views, and letters to the national Press. These do not so much provide a brief for the Baconian case, as a clear refutation, argumentum ad rem, of almost every point raised in support of the Stratford legend. One of the most interesting articles in this record is 44 The Stratford Tragi-comedy ” compiled by Francis Carr, Editor of Past and Future. Francis Carr entered the lists in 1962 as Chairman of the 44 Shakespeare Action Committee,” which was founded with the object of making the Shakespeare Quatercentenary an effective year of progress and research on the life and works of the Bard. This Committee is not officially connected with the Francis Bacon Society, although our President is a member. Other founder members arc: Ronald Duncan, the well known dramatist and poet; Christmas Humphreys, Q.C., President of the Shakespeare Authorship Society; Calvin Hoffman, representing the Marlovian theory; and Professor William Main representing Shakespearean orthodoxy. All members of the Committee, orthodox and heretic alike, were united in a genuine desire to spare no pains in the search for the truth. To maintain that there is no authorship problem is hardly reasonable. A recent and completely orthodox biographical sketch 1 2 EDITORIAL of Shakespeare by Norman T. Carrington, M.A.,* begins with these words: “Surprisingly little is known of the life of our greatest dramatist It is the contention of the “Shakespeare Action Committee ’’ that there is much more that ought to be known, and we congratulate Norman Carrington on his candour. The chief obstructionist to free and unfettered research—as our readers will see from what follows—is the Birthplace Trust. Hence the Tragi-comcdy! In widely circulating his compilation of Press clippings, Francis Carr was simply quoting the Press to the Press. We believe this has been effective. For instance, the last page of “Act Four ’’ is extremely illuminating. To find so keen a critic as the late Aldous Huxley, as well as three well-known publishers, willing to grant that there is a Shakespeare problem, must surely mark an advance for us, and a retreat for Stratfordian bardolatory. Francis Carr himself is not a member of our Society; but he has been a valiant knight for our cause. Following in the footsteps of Edward D. Johnson, he challenged Mr. Levi Fox, Director of the Birthplace Trust, to meet him in open debate. But, as might have been expected, Mr. Fox did not respond. We are grateful to those editors and journalists who have accorded a more generous understanding to our controversy. The demand for a tradition, where evidence is inconclusive, or where an author has deliberately covered his tracks, is fully realised. We look forward to the day when a common ground of reconciliation will be found in the interest of historical truth. Our country has often been willing to fight for a tradition, even for an exploded one. This is a sign of its strength. But the existence of a problem must surely be admitted when it clearly emerges into view, and is in fact staring us in the face. * ** ♦ Our Society’s 80th birthday occurs in the very month of writing these lines ! For it was on the 18th December, 1885, that a meeting was held in London for the purpose of considering suggestions for * Prefixed to Notes on English Texts (James Brodie Ltd.). EDITORIAL 3 the formation of a Society for the study of Francis Bacon. Those present placed on record their view that, although there were good reasons for believing that an intimate connection could be traced between Bacon and the plays and sonnets of Shakespeare, “ all would be welcome to join this Society who felt themselves interested in Bacon’s life and writings.” This was to become the first Object of our Society, and remains so to-day. We have sometimes been asked by friendly orthodox scholars why our Society does not concentrate solely on Bacon himself, and give up the search for the truth about Shakespeare. There is, so they say, room and to spare for a learned Society dedicated to Baconian research as distinct from Shakespearean research. The answer, we think, is that new members frequently join us in pursuit of our first Object only. But this inevitably leads them into deeper waters, first to question and then to reject the strange idea that Bacon could have had no possible interest in the contemporary drama of his day. The present editors of Baconiana would like to record the thanks and indebtedness of our Society to those who sponsored or contributed to the first issue of Baconiana in June, 1886; namely— Mrs. Henry Pott, Mr. Alaric A. Watts, Mr. Francis Fearon, Mr. Alexander Cole, Mr. T. William Earle, Mr. Ernest Jacob, Mr. W. D. Scott-Moncrieff, Mr. Arthur Owen, and Dr. R. M. Theobald. It was unfortunate that Mr. W. H. Smith, the first English Baconian to come into the open—using this term in the modern restricted sense —was unable to accept the office of President owing to advancing years. It is a pity that the great news agency founded by his family and bearing his name, should be disinclined to remember him or his cause. His book, Bacon and Shakespeare—An inquiry touching Players, Playhouses and Play-Writers, by W. H. Smith (London, 1857) is well worth reading. This appeared in the same year as The Philosophy of the Stratfordian Plays Unfolded, by Delia Bacon, the fair New Englander to whom we also owe so much, and who has been so well commemorated in A Pioneer (1957), by Martin Parcs. 4 EDITORIAL One of our most senior members and vigorous writers, Edward D. Johnson, has just published a third edition of his well-known book The Shakespeare Illusion (London, The Mitre Press, 1965). (Price 25/-). Few Baconians have succeeded in condensing so much information into so small a space. The book is no longer a paper­ back, but bound in cloth. The third edition is revised and enlarged, and all students of our controversy should possess a copy for reference. Our brief tribute to the late Harold Bayley, which appeared in the Editorial column of Baconiana 165, made no mention of his chief Baconian book The Shakespeare Symphony (Chapman and Hall, 1906), which is now rather scarce, though available in our circulating library. This book runs to over 350 pages and, in the words of its sub-title, is an introduction to the “ ethics of the Elizabethan drama.” Mr. Bayley shows how impossible and impracticable it would have been for Francis Bacon to have main­ tained an open connection with stage players, notwithstanding his great interest in the drama, or to have allowed his name to appear on the title pages of the quarto plays.