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Jawaban Jamur Patogen Tanaman Nama JAWABAN JAMUR PATOGEN TANAMAN NAMA : ASIH SEKIANA NIM. : 20180101001 3. a. Secara singkat tujuan dari klasifikasi yaitu untuk mempermudah mengenali organisme yang diteliti dan diidentifikasi, memudahkan dalam pengelompokan organisme yang terkait satu sama lain, dan memudahkan dalam pengambilan informasi terkait organisme yang diidentifikasi. b. Dasar dalam klasifikasi jamur yaitu : Hifa, untaian yang seperti benang dan tumbuh sebagai filamentus. Hifa mengkoloni melalui substrat sehingga organisme dapat memperoleh nutrisi. Dinding sel hifa, jamur sejati memiliki dinding sel yang terdiri dari glukan dan kitin. Hifa berseptum, jamur sejati memiliki dinding silang yang berada didalam hifa. Pada jamur sejati tidak memiliki spora motil. c. Jamur tingkat rendah : phycomycetes. Jamur tingkat tinggi : ascomycetes, basidiomycetes. d. Jamur Cladosporium sphaerospermum Kingdom : Fungi Phyllum : Amastigomycota Class : Deuteromycetes Ordo : Moniliales Family : Dematiaceae Genus : Cladosporium Spesies : Cladosporium sphaerospermum 4. a. Saprofit obligat : selalu saprofit, hanya dapat bertahan hidup untuk mendapatkan makanan dengan mengkoloni bahan organik mati. Parasit obligat : selalu parasit, hanya dapat tumbuh sebagai sebagai parasit di inang yang hidup. Parasit fakultatif : biasanya bertahan sebagai saprofit, tetapi memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi parasit dan menyebabkan penyakit dalam kondisis tertentu. Saprofit fakultatif : biasanya bertahan sebagai parasit, tetapi memiliki kemampuan untuk hidup dari bahan organik yang mati dalam kondisi yang tepat. b. Saprofit obligat : Trichoderma sp. (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Ascomycoya ; subdivisi : Pezizomycotina ; kelas : Sordariomycetes ; ordo : Hypocreales ; famili : Hypocreaceae ; genus : Trichoderma Persoon). Aspergillus Oryzae (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Ascomycota ; ; kelas : Eurotiomycetes ; ordo : Eurotiales ; famili : Trichomaceae ; genus : Aspergillus ; spesies : Aspergillus Oryzae) Parasit obligat : Ustilagomaydis (kerajaan : fungi ; upakerajaan : Dikarya ; filum : Basidiomycota ; subfilum : Ustilaginomycotina ; kelas : Ustilaginomycetes ; ordo : Ustilaginales ; genus : Ustilago ; spesies : U. maydis). Fusarium oxysporum f.sp (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Ascomycota ; kelas : Sordariomycetes ; ordo : Hypocreales ; famili : Nectriaceae ; genus : Fusarium ; Spesies : Fusarium oxysporum f.sp licopersici) Parasit fakultatif : Rhizoctonia solani Khun (kerajaan : Fungi ; filum : Deuteromycota ; kelas : Deuteromycetes ; ordo : Agonomycetales ; famili : Agnomycetaceae ; genus : Rhioctonia ; spesies : Rhizoctonia solani Khun). Armillaria luteobubalina (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Bassidiomycota ; kelas : Agaricomycetes ; ordo : Agaricales ; famili : Physalacriaceae ; genus : Armillaria ; spesies : A. luteobubalina). Saprofit fakultatif : Botrytis cinerea (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Ascomycota ; kelas : Leotiomycetes ; ordo : Helotiales ; famili : Sclerotiniaceae ; spesies : Botrytis cinerea). Phytopthora palmivora (kerajaan : Fungi ; divisi : Eumycota ; kelas Oomycetes ; ordo : Pythiales ; famili : Pythiaceae ; genus : Phytoptora ; spesies : Phytopthora palmivora c. Inokulasi – perkecambahan spora – pertumbuhan tabung kecambah – pembentukan struktur infeksi – penetrasi – kolonisasi – gejala penyakit – produksi spora dan penyebaran – kematian kolonin, kemudian produksi spora berhenti – kolonisai. 5. Mycogone rosea Link. Morfologi Jamur ini menghasilkan konidia uniseluler, berbentuk bulat lonjing. Hanya memiliki 2-3 sekat dengan ukuran yang hampir sama dan memiliki dinding yang agak tebal. Konidia jamur berukuran sekitar 7- 13 µm. Apikel sel aleuriospore berdinding tebal dengan diameter 25-45 µm. Klasifikasi Kingdom : Fungi ; Phyllum : Ascomycota ; Class : Ascomycota ; Ordo: Hypocreales ; Family : Hypocreaceae ; Genus : Mycogone ; Spesies : Mycogone rosea Link. Proses Infeksi Jamur Mycogone rosea Link. menginfeksi tanaman pada bagian daun disebarkan melalui angin secara langsung, kemudian menginfeksi tanaman inang. Setelah itu jamur patogen akan berkembang dan bereproduks melalui bantuan angin. Rhizopus arrizus Fischer Morfologi Jamur ini memiliki hifa yang tumbuh dengan dinding yang tebal, sporangiofor tumbuh disepanjang hifa. Kolumellanya berbentuk oval atau elips, dengan ukuran 10-20 dan dindingg tebal. Tedapat banyak rhizoid (berbentuk seperti akar yang merupakan hifa yang menembus substrat dan berfungsi untuk menyerap makanan) dan sporangiofor yang berkelompok. Klasifikasi Kingdom : Fungi ; Phyllum : Zygomycota ; Class : Zygomycetes ; Ordo : Mucorales ; Family : Mucoraceae ; Genus : Rhizopus ; Spesies : Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer Proses Infeksi Jamur Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer menginfeksi tanaman dengan melalui batang. Dari batang yang sakit jamur menular ke berbagai jurusan dengan kecepatan yang tidak sama. Mucor racemosus Fres. Morfologi Pada jamur M. racemosus Fres sporangiofornya bercabang dan memiliki kolumela yang berbentuk elips atau oval. Jamur jenis ini juga memiliki sporangiofor bercabang, cabang yang pendek kadang-kadang membengkok, biasanya sporangiofornya memiliki ukuran lebih dari 100µm. Sporangia semula berwarna hialin kemudian kecoklatan hingga abu-abu, berdiameter sampai 80 µm, dan dinding berduri. Kolumella berbentuk obvoid, elips, atau silindris- elips, sedikit piriform, umumnya dengan basis yang rata dengan diameter 3,7 - 5,5 µm. Sporangiospora berbentuk elips yang lebar hingga semi bulat. Klasifikasi Kingdom : Fungi ; Phyllum : Zygomycota ; Class : Zygomycetes ; Ordo : Mucorales ; Family : Mucoraceae ; Genus : Mucor ; Spesies : Mucor recemosus Fres. Proses Infeksi Jamur Mucor recemosus Fres. disebarkan melalui angin secara langsung, kemudian menginfeksi tanaman inang. Setelah itu jamur patogen akan berkembang dan bereproduksi . .
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