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THE GENERAL GEOLOGY of the PICACHO PEAK AREA by James A

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THE GENERAL GEOLOGY of the PICACHO PEAK AREA by James A The general geology of the Picacho Peak area Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Briscoe, James Austin, 1941- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 07:16:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551962 THE GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE PICACHO PEAK AREA by James A. Briscoe A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the inter­ ests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. ■A v , A /0 -- APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: y — /o — 0* ROBERT L. DuBOIS Date Professor of Geology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First I would like to thank my father who has given me encouragement and advice when it was most needed. I would also like to thank Dr. Robert L . DuBois, my thesis director, who has given his generous assistance both in field and laboratory. His timely advice has been invaluable. Assistance in the field by my nephew Jack Smith was greatly appreciated. X am indebted to my wife Lexie for her encouragement and assistance. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS............................... v ABSTRACT ........................................... vii INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 Location, Climate and Accessibility . H-d*-* m co co co Purpose of the Report .............. Field Procedures ................... Previous Work ....................... DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS .............. Clastic Rocks ........ Wymola Conglomerate Agglomerate................................. 12 Extrusive Rocks ................................. 23 Basalt Flows ............................... 25 Andesite Porphyry Flows ............ .... 28 Hypabyssal Rocks ............................... 31 D i k e s ....................................... 31 Fluidized Intrusives .......... 32 Recent Sediments . 35 STRUCTURE........................................... 38 F a u l t s ......................................... 38 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY ................................... 43 P r o d u c t i o n ..................................... 43 Potential....................................... 44 RELATION TO OTHER ROCK UNITS IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA . 46 Northern Silver Bell Mountains ................ 46 Owl Head and Chief B u t t e s ....................... 4? Eastern Silver Bell Mountains .................. 49 GEOLOGIC H I S T O R Y .......................... 50 REFERENCES ......................................... 52 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Index map showing the location of Picacho Peak in Pinal County, Arizona ................. 2 2. Hypothetical block diagram of Picacho Peak, looking northwest ............................. 3 3• Contact of the Wymola conglomerate (lower half of photo) and overlying basalt flow . 10 4. Agglomerate, well bedded tuffs, red beds, and arkosic conglomerate .................... 11 5• View of Picacho Peak looking to the west- northwest with overlay of generalized structure and stratigraphic units ............ 14 6. Basalt flows near the summit of Picacho Peak, with overlay defining flow boundaries .... 15 7. Tuff bed with overlying agglomerate indicating a sharp change in depositional environment................................. l6 8. Vesicular basalt overlain by water-lain tuff about four feet thick which is in turn overlain by agglomerate ..................... 17 9• Specimens of various types of tuff, agglomerate and breccia found in the Picacho Peak volcanic series .............. 18 10. Basalt flow with overlying andesite agglomerate with basal t u f f ................ 21 11. Boulder agglomerate composed of basaltic to andesitic fragments in finer matrix ........ 22 12. Generalized stratigraphic column for the eastern part of Picacho Peak . 26 13• Strongly altered mafic phenocryst in basalt (?) . 29 v vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued Page l4. Photomicrograph of breccia dikelet in the andesite porphyry ........................... 34 15• Photomicrograph of material from breccia dike intruding the arkosic conglomerate at the summit of Picacho P e a k ..................... 34 l6. Photomicrograph of the arkosic conglomerate near the top of Picacho P e a k ........ .. 36 Plate 1. Geologic plan map of the Picacho Peak area . Pocket 2. Cross sections of the Picacho Peak area . Pocket ABSTRACT Picacho Peak is a small volcanic mountain range in southern Pinal County, Arizona. It is separated from the PreCambrian gneiss of the Picacho Mountains to the north by one or more northwest trending normal faults. The dis­ placement on these faults is quite large possibly reaching a stratigraphic throw of 7000 feet. To the south another northwest fault covered by alluvium but indicated by a geophysical survey (Feth, 1951)» bounds the mountains. Another parallel northwest fault is exposed in the mountain range. Of lesser importance are north-northeast trending faults, which cut the northwest direction at almost right angles. The mountain range is composed of volcanic flows intercalated with sediments. The rocks are andesite in composition and range from aphanetic basaltic andesite to a porphyritic andesite. The sediments intercalated with the volcanic flows are for the most part water lain tuffs and cobble to boulder agglomerate. However, in the southeast part of the range two beds of red conglomerate containing fragments of Precambrian granite, and Apache Group sediments are found. vii viii Picacho Peak has in the past been assumed to be a volcanic neck. However, a small block of arkosic con­ glomerate and red beds at the summit of the peak, resting comformably on the flows definitely disproves this hypothesis. The Picacho Series nowhere lies in contact with rocks of known age. Weak quartz veining and copper mineralization suggest that the rocks are of pre-Laramide age INTRODUCTION Location, Climate and Accessibility Picacho Peak is a small volcanic mountain range in Pinal County, Southern Arizona (Figs. 1 and 2). It lies between 111° 23' and 111° 2?' longitude and 32° 37' and 32° 391 north latitude at R.9 E ., T .9 S . The geologic map in this report covers an area of approximately ten square miles and includes the Picacho Mining District as defined by the Arizona Bureau of Mines. The area is accessible by the divided highway, State Route 84 and by unimproved dirt mine roads. The topography of the area is very rugged, Picacho Peak itself rising over 1,400 feet in less than a mile on the southern escarpment. Picacho Peak lies in the Arizona-Sonora Desert and has a semi-arid climate, the winters being short and mild and the summers long and hot, ending with a short rainy season. The flora and fauna are typical Arizona-Sonora Desert types. A fairly dense stand of saguaro cactus grows in the area but at present it is afflicted with a disease that has caused many of the giant cacti to die. Palo verde and mesquite trees are numerous, and the cholla or jumping cactus is an obnoxious but ubiquitous companion to the 1 2 Figure 1 Index map showing the location of Picacho Peak in Pinal County, Arizona inset scale 1 4 miles FLATS _1__i 4 — t— 4-- Maran, ifAOAuxiliary kol| Sahuaro T trc lk v 't Z T 9 S Elo) d rms ,,1 s . Corners Santa Cruz \ .Ranch ' Kemper • J.. I V / r . \-- T 10 , < > • ' ^ x .b ' x 0,iry \ / / Yv , V X V , / \ ' .Jj X "T-^rawt pit ; 3 APHANITIC FLOWS CONGLOMERATE I 6GGL0MER6TE VESICULAR FLOWS ANDESITE PORPHYRY VESICULAR INTRUSIVE Figure 2 Hypothetical block diagram of Picacho Peak, looking northwest. 4 mountains. Javalina and coyotes roam the hills and a few cattle are grazed on the surrounding low desert land. The peak has been a landmark since the days of the Spaniards. Picacho Pass was the site of Arizona’s only Civil War battle which took place when a detachment of the California Volunteers encountered a small Confederate Force that was vacating the Tucson Presidio. Several men were killed in the encounter with the Union forces apparently getting the best of it. Purpose of the Report Because of its high topographic relief and the volcanic nature of its rocks, Picacho Peak was considered by Feth (1951) to be a volcanic neck. The identification of the peak as a neck is of significance to the geology of this area. It might well have been the source from which much of the volcanic rocks were derived. The purpose of this study was to map the geology of the mountain and to determine whether or not it actually is a volcanic neck. In addition to general geologic and structural observations, the petrology
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