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Phylogenetic Relationships of Turkish Indigenous Donkey Populations Determined by Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region
animals Article Phylogenetic Relationships of Turkish Indigenous Donkey Populations Determined by Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region Emel Özkan Ünal 1,* , Fulya Özdil 2,* , Selçuk Kaplan 3, Eser Kemal Gürcan 1, Serdar Genç 4 , Sezen Arat 2 and Mehmet Ihsan˙ Soysal 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] (E.K.G.); [email protected] (M.I.S.)˙ 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kır¸sehirAhi Evran University, Kır¸sehir40100, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.Ö.Ü.); [email protected] (F.Ö.); Tel.: +90-282-250-2185 (E.Ö.Ü.); +90-282-250-2233 (F.Ö.) Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Simple Summary: This paper represents the first fundamental report of mtDNA diversity in Turkish indigenous donkey breeds and presents findings for the origin and genetic characterization of donkey populations dispersed in seven geographical regions in Turkey, and thus reveals insights into their genetic history. The median-joining network and phylogenetic tree exhibit two different maternal lineages of the 16 Turkish indigenous donkey populations. Abstract: In this study, to analyze the mtDNA D-loop region and the origin of the maternal lineages of 16 different donkey populations, and to assess the domestication of Turkish indigenous donkeys in seven geographical regions, we investigated the DNA sequences of the D-loop region of 315 indigenous donkeys from Turkey. -
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando To cite this version: Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando. Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Annual Reviews, 2021, 9 (1), 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118. hal- 03030307 HAL Id: hal-03030307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03030307 Submitted on 30 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 2021. 9:X–X https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118 Copyright © 2021 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Librado Orlando www.annualreviews.org Equid Genomics and Evolution Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado and Ludovic Orlando Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31000, France; email: [email protected] Keywords equid, horse, evolution, donkey, ancient DNA, population genomics Abstract The equid family contains only one single extant genus, Equus, including seven living species grouped into horses on the one hand and zebras and asses on the other. In contrast, the equine fossil record shows that an extraordinarily richer diversity existed in the past and provides multiple examples of a highly dynamic evolution punctuated by several waves of explosive radiations and extinctions, cross-continental migrations, and local adaptations. -
ANIMALS of the GREAT WAR the Impact of Animals During WWI Recommended Grade Levels: 5-8 Course/Content Area: Social Studies, Language Arts
ANIMALS OF THE GREAT WAR The Impact of Animals During WWI Recommended Grade Levels: 5-8 Course/Content Area: Social Studies, Language Arts Authored by: Carol Huneycutt, National WWI Museum and Memorial Teacher Fellow ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: • What role did animals play in the successes and failures of World War I? • How did animals affect the morale of the troops? SUMMARY: Animals played a large role during the conflict known as the Great War. From traditional warfare animals such as horses and dogs to exotic animals such as lions, monkeys, and bears, animals of all types were important to both the war effort and to the morale of the troops on the front lines. In this lesson, students will examine the use of different animals in various aspects of war. Students will then create a museum exhibit based on the contributions of one particular animal. STANDARDS Common Core Standards: ALIGNMENT: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. National Standards for English Language Arts (Developed by the International Reading Association (IRA) and the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).) 1. Students read a wide range of print and nonprint texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works. 4. Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes. -
Donkey ID Certificate
NYS 4-H DONKEY/MULE CERTIFICATE ____ Personally owned ____ Family owned ____ Non-owned Date ________ 20____ Name of Animal Date Animal Born (Mo.) (Day) (Yr.) Sex M G Name of Sire Name of Dam Registry/Breed Reg. No. Date of Purchase Member County Draw markings on each side and face identical to your donkey or mule Color Owner Height Address Weight (State) (Zip) Signature of Owner This animal has been officially designated as the 4-H project animal of the 4H'er as of June 1 of the current project year. 4-H Leader Name ______________________________ Name of 4-H'er _______________________________ Address _______________________________________ Address _____________________________________ ______________________________ Zip __________ _______________________________ Zip ___________ Telephone __________ Email ___________________ Telephone ___________ Email ____________________ ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Member's Signature Leader's Signature Parent/Guardian ______________________________ Educator _______________County _________________ Address ______________________________________ Address _____________________________________ ______________________________ Zip ___________ _______________________________ Zip __________ Telephone __________ Email ____________________ Telephone ___________ Email ___________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Parent/Guardian Signature CCE Educator Signature *See non-ownership policy/reverse -
Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk
Review Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk Paolo Polidori 1,* , Natalina Cammertoni 2, Giuseppe Santini 2, Yulia Klimanova 2 , Jing-Jing Zhang 2 and Silvia Vincenzetti 2 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy 2 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; [email protected] (N.C.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (J.-J.Z.); [email protected] (S.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0737-403426 Abstract: Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic Citation: Polidori, P.; Cammertoni, resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. -
Mules and Hinnies Factsheet
FACTSHEET: OWNERS MULES AND HINNIES Mules and hinnies are similar. They are both a cross between a horse and a donkey, with unique characteristics that make them special. Because they are so similar, the terms ‘mule’ and ‘hinny’ are used interchangeably, with hinnies often being referred to as mules. KEY FACTS ABOUT MULES AND HINNIES: Mule: The result of a donkey stallion mating with a female horse. Mules tend to have the head of a donkey and extremities of a horse. Hinny: The result of a horse stallion mating with a female donkey. Hinnies are less common than mules and there might be subtle differences in appearance. Size: Varies greatly depending on the stallion and mare. Ranging from 91-172 cm. Health: Hardy and tough. They often have good immune systems. Strength: Extremely strong. They pull heavy loads and carry much heavier weights than donkeys or horses of a similar size. Behaviour: Intelligent and sensitive. They can have unpredictable reactions. Appearance: Ears smaller than a donkey’s, the same shape as a horse’s. The mane and tail of a hinny is usually similar to a horse. Vocalisation: A mixture of a donkey’s ‘bray’ and a horse’s ‘whinny’. Sex: Male is a ‘horse mule’ (also known as a ‘john’ or ‘jack’). Female is a ‘mare mule’ (also known as a ‘molly’). Young: A ‘colt’ (male) or ‘filly’ (female). What is hybrid vigour? Hybrid = a crossbreed Vigour = hardiness or resilience • ‘Interbreeding’ (crossbreeding) can remove weaker characteristics and instead pass on desirable inherited traits. This is ‘hybrid vigour’, a term often associated with mules and hinnies. -
Detomidine and Butorphanol for Standing Sedation in a Range of Zoo-Kept Ungulate Species
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 48(3): 616–626, 2017 Copyright 2017 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians DETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL FOR STANDING SEDATION IN A RANGE OF ZOO-KEPT UNGULATE SPECIES Tim Bouts, D.V.M., M.Sc., Dip. E.C.Z.M., Joanne Dodds, V.N., Karla Berry, V.N., Abdi Arif, M.V.Sc., Polly Taylor, Vet. M. B., Ph. D., Dip. E.C.V.A.A., Andrew Routh, B. V. Sc., Cert. Zoo. Med., and Frank Gasthuys, D.V.M., Ph. D., Dip. E.C.V.A.A. Abstract: General anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. In ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. Thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. A combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. This drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied for standing sedation in a range of zoo animals, allowing a number of minor procedures. The combination was successfully administered in five species of nondomesticated equids (Przewalski horse [Equus ferus przewalskii; n ¼ 1], onager [Equus hemionus onager; n ¼ 4], kiang [Equus kiang; n ¼ 3], Grevy’s zebra [Equus grevyi; n ¼ 4], and Somali wild ass [Equus africanus somaliensis; n ¼ 7]), with a mean dose range of 0.10–0.17 mg/kg detomidine and 0.07–0.13 mg/kg butorphanol; the white (Ceratotherium simum simum; n ¼ 12) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis; n ¼ 4), with a mean dose of 0.015 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol; and Asiatic elephant bulls (Elephas maximus; n ¼ 2), with a mean dose of 0.018 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol. -
Surra Importance Surra, Caused by Trypanosoma Evansi, Is One of the Most Important Diseases of Animals in Tropical and Semitropical Regions
Surra Importance Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is one of the most important diseases of animals in tropical and semitropical regions. While surra is particularly serious in Murrina, Mal de Caderas, equids and camels, infections and clinical cases have been reported in most Derrengadera, Trypanosomosis, domesticated mammals and some wild species. T. evansi is transmitted mechanically El Debab, El Gafar, Tabourit by various tabanids and other flies, and it can readily become endemic when introduced into a new area. The morbidity and mortality rates in a population with no immunity can be high. In the early 1900s, an outbreak in Mauritius killed almost all Last Updated: September 2015 of the Equidae on the island. More recently, severe outbreaks have been reported in the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. In addition to illness and deaths, surra causes economic losses from decreased productivity in working animals, reduced weight gain, decreased milk yield, reproductive losses and the cost of treatment. Etiology Surra is caused by the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma evansi. This organism belongs to the subgenus Trypanozoon and the Salivarian section of the genus Trypanosoma. Two genetic types of T. evansi, type A and type B, have been recognized. Most isolates worldwide belong to type A. Type B, which is not recognized by some diagnostic tests, has only been detected in parts of Africa as of 2015. Whether T. evansi should be considered a distinct species, separate from T. brucei, is controversial. Species Affected The principal hosts and reservoirs for T. evansi are reported to differ between regions; however, camels, equids, water buffalo and cattle are generally considered to be the major hosts among domesticated animals. -
The Perdum-Mule, a Mount for Distinguished Persons in Mesopotamia During the fi Rst Half of the Second Millennium BC By
190 The perdum-mule, a mount for distinguished persons in Mesopotamia during the fi rst half of the second millennium BC by Cécile Michel Fig. 7. Map of the area. [First. Unnumbered note: (*) Bibliography and sigla of Traditionally Mesopotamia defi nes the region bounded the Old Assyrian texts cited in this article are detailed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, but in a more conven- in C. Michel, Old Assyrian Bibliography, Old Assyrian tional way, it covers the whole area where people used Archives. Studies 1, Leiden, 2003.] cuneiform script on clay tablets, from Iran to Anatolia, from the Zagros mountains to the Persian Gulf. The area Abstract: concerned by this study is limited mainly to Anatolia Among the many equids used at the beginning of the second millen- nium B. C. in Northern Mesopotamia, the perdum, an hybrid, is at- and Syria. tested only in few corpuses: the Old Assyrian merchant archives found Equids in the Ancient Near East are divided into in Central Anatolia in the ancient town Kaniš and dated to the 19th and three different groups: asses (equus asinus), half-asses 18th centuries B. C., the royal archives of Mari, Northern Syria, from (equus hemionus) and horses (equus caballus), and their the 18th century B. C., the tablets from Ugarit, half a millennium later, or even in the Bible. The aim of this article is to analyse the use and hybrids. The studies on this subject are already numer- the value of the perdum, compared to the picture given by the other ous, especially for the written documentation of the third equids documented in texts, iconography and by the archaeozoology. -
The Roots and Routes of Dromedary Domestication
COMMENTARY Back to the roots and routes of dromedary domestication COMMENTARY Ludovic Orlandoa,1 Unlike most other domestic animals, where the ge- netic diversity present in modern livestock has been Caffa scrutinized with the objective to map domestication Istanbul Baku centers (1) and identify signatures of human-driven Athens Algiers selection (2), dromedaries have received much less Damascus Babylon Petra attention at the genetic level. In PNAS, Almathen Cairo et al. (3) now rectify this anomaly by performing what Medina is, to my knowledge, the first large-scale genetic anal- Mecca ysis of the domestic dromedary. Compared with dogs, which were already domes- ticated at least ∼14,000 y ago (ya) [earlier dates are still debated (4)], pigs (∼9,000 ya), ruminants (cattle Dromedary species range ∼ ∼ ∼ Incense land routes 9,000 ya, sheep 10,500 ya, and goats 10,000 ya) Ottoman Empire at its greatest (5), or even other herbivores capable of sustaining Fossils with dromedary ancient DNA long distance travels, such as the horse [∼5,500 ya (6)] and the donkey [∼5,000 ya (7)], the domestication Fig. 1. Dromedary current range. Past Incense land routes, the extent of the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent, and the location of archeological sites that delivered of the dromedary took place rather late in human his- dromedary ancient mtDNA are indicated. tory, most likely at the transition between the second and first millennia before the Common Era (B.C.E.) (8). Archaeologists can indeed trace the emergence of Levant, effectively connecting the cultures and civili- key domestication markers around that time (9), in- zations of antiquity from the seventh century B.C.E. -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ONAGER EW MITICIDE,08/30/2019
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION August 30, 2019 Ms. Kyla S. Smith Registration Specialist Gowan Company P.O. Box 5569 Yuma, AZ 85366-5569 Subject: PRIA Label Amendment – Addition of Low Growing Berry Subgroup 13-07G Product Name: ONAGER EW MITICIDE EPA Registration Number: 10163-337 Application Date: March 15, 2018 Decision Number: 539557 Dear Ms. Smith: The application referred to above, submitted under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended is acceptable under FIFRA sec 3 (c)(5). You must submit and/or cite all data required for registration/reregistration/registration review of your product when the Agency requires all registrants of similar products to submit such data. A stamped copy of your labeling is attached for your records. This labeling supersedes all previously accepted labeling. You must submit one (1) copy of the final printed labeling before you release the product for shipment with the new labeling. In accordance with 40 CFR 152.130(c), you may distribute or sell this product under the previously approved labeling for 18 months from the date of this letter. After 18 months, you may only distribute or sell this product if it bears this new revised labeling or subsequently approved labeling. “To distribute or sell” is defined under FIFRA section 2(gg) and its implementing regulation at 40 CFR 152.3. Should you wish to add/retain a reference to the company’s website on your label, then please be aware that the website becomes labeling under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and is subject to review by the Agency. -
Speciation with Gene Flow in Equids Despite Extensive Chromosomal Plasticity
Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity Hákon Jónssona,1, Mikkel Schuberta,1, Andaine Seguin-Orlandoa,b,1, Aurélien Ginolhaca, Lillian Petersenb, Matteo Fumagallic,d, Anders Albrechtsene, Bent Petersenf, Thorfinn S. Korneliussena, Julia T. Vilstrupa, Teri Learg, Jennifer Leigh Mykag, Judith Lundquistg, Donald C. Millerh, Ahmed H. Alfarhani, Saleh A. Alquraishii, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheidi, Julia Stagegaardj, Günter Straussk, Mads Frost Bertelsenl, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontenf, Douglas F. Antczakh, Ernest Baileyg, Rasmus Nielsenc, Eske Willersleva, and Ludovic Orlandoa,2 aCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; bNational High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; dUCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; eThe Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; fCentre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; gMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546; hBaker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; iZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; jRee Park, Ebeltoft Safari, DK-8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark; kTierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, 10319 Berlin, Germany; and lCentre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark Edited by Andrew G. Clark, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved October 27, 2014 (received for review July 3, 2014) Horses, asses, and zebras belong to a single genus, Equus,which Conservation of Nature.