Wordlist This list contains the key words from the Student’s Book

Unit 1 hindrance (n) ​/hɪndrəns/ ​a person or thing that self-defence (n) ​/ˌself dɪˈfens/ sth you say or do makes it more difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to in order to protect yourself when you are being attentive (adj) ​/əˈtentɪv/ ​listening or watching carefully and with interest The hotel staff are happen ​To be honest, she was more of a hindrance attacked, criticized, etc. The man later told police friendly and attentive. than a help. that he was acting in self-defence. humble (adj) ​ showing you do not self-interest (n) ​ one’s personal benefit (n) ​/benɪfɪt/ ​an advantage that sth /hʌmbl/ ​ /ˌselfˈɪntrəst/ ​ gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has think that you are as important as other people interest or advantage, especially when pursued I’ve had the benefit of a good education. Be humble enough to learn from your mistakes. without regard for others Not all of them were humility (n) ​ the quality of not acting out of self-interest. blow (n) ​/bləʊ/ ​a negative setback This was his /hjuːˈmɪləti/ ​ second major blow. thinking that you are better than other people self-obsession (n) ​/selfəbˈsɛʃən/ ​the state of Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility. being interested in yourself, your happiness, commitment (n) ​/kəˈmɪtmənt/ ​a promise to do motivations and interests to the exclusion of other sth or to behave in a particular way The company’s incremental (adj) ​/ɪŋkrəmənt/ ​Increase or adding on, especially in a regular series The government things ​Self-obsession and self-doubt can get in the commitment to providing quality at a reasonable way of success. price has been vital to its success. imposed small, incremental tax hikes. ingenuity (n) ​/ɪndʒəˈnjuːəti/ ​the ability to invent self-preservation (n) ​/ˌself prezəˈveɪʃn/ the fact compassion (n) ​/kəmˈpæʃn/ ​a strong feeling of protecting yourself in a dangerous or difficult of sympathy for people who are suffering and things or solve problems in clever new ways He was a designer of great ingenuity. situation ​She was held back by some sense of self- a desire to help them She was known as a hard preservation. woman with no compassion and no emotion. innovative (adj) ​/ɪnəveɪtɪv/ ​introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc. There will be a self-sacrifice (n) ​/ˌselfˈsækrɪfaɪs/ ​the act of not compassionate (adj) ​/kəmˈpæʃənət/ ​feeling or allowing yourself to have or do sth in order to help showing sympathy for people who are suffering prize for the most innovative design. inspiration (n) ​ the process that other people The courage and self-sacrifice of those Politicians are not usually regarded as warm or /ɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ ​ who fought in the war. compassionate people. takes place when sb sees or hears sth that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them selflessness (adv) ​/selfləsnəs/ ​thinking more conquer (v) ​/kɒŋkə(r)/ ​to become very popular about the needs, happiness, etc. of other people or successful in a place The boy band is now setting want to create sth Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe. than about your own My motives for keeping the out to conquer the world. whole truth from you were not completely selfless. conundrum (n) ​ a confusing inspirational (adj) ​/ɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/ ​providing /kəˈnʌndrəm / inspiration ​He was an inspirational leader. singlemindedness (n) ​/siŋgəl-ˈmı̄n-dəd/ ​ problem or question that is very difficult to solve only thinking about one particular aim or goal It was a conundrum with no solution. interim (adj) ​/ɪntərɪm/ ​intended to last for only a short time until sb/sth more permanent is found because you are determined to achieve sth courage (n) ​/kʌrɪdʒ/ ​the ability to do sth Single-mindedness and focusing on his passion have dangerous, or to face pain or opposition, without The vice-president took power in the interim period before the election. helped him conquer adversity. showing fear He showed great courage and squint (v) ​ to look at sth with your eyes determination. obstacle (n) ​/ɒbstəkl/ ​a situation, an event, etc. /skwɪnt/ ​ that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve sth partly shut in order to keep out bright light or to courageous (adj) ​/kəˈreɪdʒəs/ ​showing courage see better The sun is causing everyone to squint. I hope people will be courageous enough to speak A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job. striking (adj) ​/straɪkɪŋ/ ​interesting and unusual out against this injustice. enough to attract attention Her face was striking. optimism (n) ​/ɒptɪmɪzəm/ ​a feeling that good dedicated (adj) ​/dedɪkeɪtɪd/ ​working hard at tolerance (n) ​ the willingness to accept sth because it is very important to you She is things will happen and that sth will be successful /tɒlərəns/ ​ We may now look forward with optimism. or tolerate sb/sth, especially opinions or behaviour dedicated to her job. that you may not agree with, or people who are dedication (n) ​ the hard work and overcome (v) ​/əʊvəˈkʌm / to succeed in dealing /dedɪˈkeɪʃn/ ​ with or controlling a problem that has been not like you She had no tolerance for jokes. effort that sb puts into an activity or purpose willing (adj) ​ not objecting to doing sth; because they think it is important Florence preventing you from achieving sth He finally /wɪlɪŋ/ ​ managed to overcome his fear of flying. having no reason for not doing sth I’m perfectly showed great dedication to her job by working very willing to discuss the problem. long hours. patience (n) ​/ˈpeɪʃns/ ​the ability to stay calm willingness (n) ​ the quality or state of determined (adj) ​ making a firm and accept a delay or sth annoying without /wɪlɪŋnəs/ ​ /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ ​ complaining ​I have run out of patience with her. being prepared to do sth; readiness Sarah always decision to do it and you will not let anyone showed a great willingness to learn to skills. prevent you I’m determined to succeed. peek (v) ​/piːk/ ​to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it determination (n) ​/dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ ​the quality that makes you continue trying to do sth even Don’t peek at your presents before your birthday. Unit 2 when this is difficult He fought the illness with penalize (v) ​/piːnəlaɪz/ ​to put sb at a abandoned (adj) ​/əˈbændənd/ ​left and no longer courage and determination. disadvantage by treating them unfairly He felt wanted, used or needed The child was found penalized because of his age. abandoned but unharmed. dignified (adj) ​/dɪɡnɪfaɪd/ ​calm and serious and deserving respect He maintained a dignified perfectionism (n) ​/pəˈfekʃənɪzəm/ ​a person absolutely (adv) ​/æbsəluːtli/ ​used to emphasize silence during the interview. who likes to do things perfectly and is not satisfied that sth is completely true He made it absolutely with anything less Her perfectionism is evident at clear. dignity (n) ​/dɪɡnəti/ ​a calm and serious manner that deserves respect She accepted the criticism work and at home. accessible (adj) ​/əkˈsesəbl/ ​that can be reached, with quiet dignity. perseverance (n) ​/pɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ ​the quality entered, used, seen, etc. The remote area is of continuing to try to achieve a particular accessible only by helicopter. gape (v) ​/ɡeɪp/ ​to stare at sb/sth with your mouth open because you are shocked or aim despite difficulties They showed great advisable (adj) ​/ədˈvaɪzəbl/ ​sensible and a surprised ​I would gape in astonishment if that perseverance in the face of difficulty. good idea in order to achieve sth Early booking is happened. persistence (n) ​/pəˈsɪstəns/ ​the fact of advisable. continuing to try to do sth despite difficulties, amicable (adj) ​ done or achieved in a gawp (v) ​/ɡɔːp/ ​to stare at sb/sth in a rude or /æmɪkəbl/ ​ stupid way Don’t gawp at me like that! especially when other people are against you polite or friendly way and without arguing In spite and think that you are being annoying or of their disagreement they parted on amicable gaze (v) ​ to look steadily at sb/sth for a long /ɡeɪz/ ​ unreasonable ​His persistence was finally rewarded terms. time, either because you are very interested or when the insurance company agreed to pay for the asteroid (n) ​/æstərɔɪd/ ​any one of the many surprised, or because you are thinking of sth else damage. He gazed longingly at the sweets. small planets that go around the sun You might persistent (adj) ​/pəˈsɪstənt/ ​determined to do find an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter. get over it (phr v) /ɡet ˈəʊvə(r) ɪt/ to deal with or sth despite difficulties, especially when other gain control of sth It was his first major setback in attractive (adj) ​/əˈtræktɪv/ ​pleasant to look at people are against you and think that you are I like John but I don’t find him attractive. life, but he managed to get over it. being annoying or unreasonable How do you deal glance (v) ​ to look quickly at sth/sb audible (adj) ​/ɔːdəbl/ ​that can be heard clearly /ɡlɑːns/ ​ with persistent salesmen who won’t take no for an Her voice was barely audible above the noise. Let me have a quick glance at the report. answer? glare (v) ​ ( ) to look at sb/sth in an angry awesome (adj) ​/ɔːsəm/ ​very impressive or very /ɡleə r / ​ resourceful (adj) ​/rɪˈsɔːsfl / good at finding ways way ​He glared at me without saying a word. difficult and perhaps rather frightening I just of doing things and solving problems, etc. These bought this awesome new CD! glimpse (n) ​/ɡlɪmps / a look at sb/sth for a very women were strong, resourceful and courageous. short time, when you do not see the person or thing bay (n) ​/beɪ/ ​a part of the sea, or of a large lake, resourcefulness (n) ​/rɪˈzɔːsfʊlnɪs/ ​the ability to completely ​He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd. partly surrounded by a wide curve of the land be resourceful Florence used her resourcefulness to The hotel has a magnificent view across the bay. gradual (adj) ​/ɡrædʒuəl/ ​happening slowly write articles for the newspaper. over a long period; not sudden Recovery from the benefit (of) (n) ​/benɪfɪt/ ​an advantage that sth revolutionary (adj) ​/revəˈluːʃənəri/ ​involving disease is very gradual. gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has a great or complete change The effects of A large number of people believe in the benefits of (a) great deal (n) ​ a large quantity /ɡreɪt diːl/ technological development are revolutionary. education. My mother had lost a great deal of weight. self-assurance (n) ​/ˌself əˈʃʊərəns/ belief in your boarded-up (adj) ​ when a window, ground-breaking (adj) ​ making /bɔːdɪd ʌp/ /ɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ ​ own abilities or strengths He stood out for his door, etc. is covered with wooden boards Most new discoveries; using new methods It was a intellectual agility and calm self-assurance. buildings along the street had been boarded-up. ground-breaking piece of research. self-control (n) ​/ˌself kənˈtrəʊl/ the ability to bus shelter (n) ​ ( ) a structure with haggard (adj) ​ looking very tired /ˈbʌs ʃeltə r / ​ /hæɡəd/ ​ remain calm and not show your emotions even a roof where people can stand while they are because of illness, worry or lack of sleep He looked though you are feeling angry, excited, etc. It took waiting for a bus We stood under the bus shelter to pale and haggard. all his self-control not to shout at them. get out of the rain.

Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 1

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 1 22/01/2014 11:33 Wordlist

care (for) (n) ​/keə(r)/ ​the process of caring for sb/ handful (of) (n) ​/hændfʊl/ ​the amount of sth that peninsula (n) ​/pəˈnɪnsjələ/ ​an area of land that sth and providing what they need for their health can be held in one hand I took a handful of rice. is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a or protection She cared for him everyday. harsh (adj) ​/hɑːʃ/ ​cruel, severe and unkind larger piece of land The entire Balkan peninsula is collectible (adj) ​/kəˈlektəbl/ ​worth collecting The punishment was harsh and unfair. very popular in summer. because it is beautiful or may become valuable high-rise building (n) ​/haɪ raɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ/ very tall plain (adj) ​/pleɪn/ ​easy to see or understand These dolls are very collectible. and having a lot of floors I live on the top floor of a The facts were plain to see. considerable (adj) ​/kənˈsɪdərəbl/ ​great in high-rise building. planet (n) ​/plænɪt/ ​a large round object in space amount, size, importance, etc. The project wasted horrible (adj) ​/hɒrəbl/ ​very bad or unpleasant; that moves around a star (such as the Sun) and a considerable amount of time and money. used to describe sth that you do not like receives light from it The Earth is an example of a constellation (n) ​/kɒnstəˈleɪʃn/ ​a group of stars The coffee tasted horrible. planet. that forms a shape in the sky and has a name ice floe (n) ​/ˈaɪs fləʊ/ a large area of ice, floating pointless (adj) ​/pɔɪntləs/ ​having no purpose The Little Bear constellation is still used by navigators in the sea In spring, the ice floes break up. We searched until we knew it would be pointless to at sea. continue. ideal (adj) ​/aɪˈdiːəl/ ​perfect; most suitable crumbling (adj) ​/ˈkrʌmblɪŋ/ ​break or fall apart The trip to Paris will be an ideal opportunity to pond (n) ​/pɒnd/ ​a small area of still water, into small fragments, especially as part of a practise my French. especially one that is artificial We have a pond in process of deterioration The cliff is gradually our garden. inaccessible (adj) ​/ɪnækˈsesəbl/ ​difficult or crumbling away. impossible to reach or to get They live in a remote pretty (adv) ​/prɪti/ ​to some extent I’m pretty sure cycle path (n) ​/ˈsaɪkl pɑːθ/ a part of a road that area, inaccessible except by car. I’ll be going. only bicycles are allowed to use I use the cycle incomprehensible (adj) ​/ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl/ ​ profound (adj) ​/prəˈfaʊnd/ ​felt or experienced path whenever possible. impossible to understand Some application forms very strongly The news came as a profound shock. decline (v) ​/dɪˈklaɪn/ ​a continuous decrease can be incomprehensible. prosperous (adj) ​/ˈprɒspərəs/ ​rich and successful ​ in the number, value, quality, etc. of sth incredible (adj) ​/ɪnˈkredəbl/ ​impossible or very Farmers are more prosperous in the south of the The companies’ profits were declining every year. difficult to believe It seemed incredible that she country. demand (for) (n) ​/dɪˈmɑːnd/ ​a very firm request had been there a week already. quite (adv) ​/kwaɪt/ ​to some degree He plays for sth There has been a huge demand for higher industrial estate (n) ​ an area quite well. pay. /ɪnˌdʌstriəl ɪˈsteɪt/ especially for factories, on the edge of a town recognizable (adj) ​/rekəɡnaɪzəbl/ ​easy to know derelict (adj) ​/derəlɪkt/ ​not used or cared for and The office is based on an industrial estate. or identify The building was easily recognizable as in bad condition The canal has been derelict for inevitably (adv) ​ as is certain to a prison. many years. /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/ ​ happen ​Inevitably, the press exaggerated the story. refurbished (adj) ​/riːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ ​a room, building, destroy (v) ​ to damage sth so badly that /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ ​ inhabited (adj) ​/ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/ ​with people or etc. that has been decorated in order to make it it no longer exists, works, etc. They’ve destroyed all animals living there The island is no longer inhabited. more attractive, more useful, etc. The theatre has the evidence. been extensively refurbished. irresistible (adj) ​/ɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/ ​so strong that it disappointing (adj) ​/dɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/ ​not as good, cannot be stopped or resisted I felt an irresistible relevance (of) (n) ​/reləvəns / closely connected successful, etc. as you had hoped The outcome urge to laugh. with the subject you are discussing or the of the court case was disappointing for the family situation you are thinking about I don’t see the involved. kid-friendly (adj) ​/kɪd ˈfrendli/ suitable for children ​That film was not particularly kid-friendly! relevance of your question. diverse (adj) ​ very different from each /daɪˈvɜːs/ ​ knowledge (of) (n) ​ the information, remote (adj) ​/rɪˈməʊt/ ​far away from places other and of various kinds My interests are very /nɒlɪdʒ/ ​ where other people live The farmhouse is remote. diverse. understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience He has a wide knowledge renovate (v) ​/renəveɪt/ ​to repair and paint an edible (adj) ​/edəbl/ ​fit or suitable to be eaten of painting and music. old building, a piece of furniture, etc. so that it is in The food at the hotel was barely edible. good condition again The buildings have all been knowledgeable (adj) ​/nɒlɪdʒəbl/ ​knowing a lot efficient (adj) ​/ɪˈfɪʃnt/ ​doing sth well and She is very knowledgeable about plants. renovated. thoroughly with no waste of time, money, or respect (for) (n) ​/rɪˈspekt/ ​a feeling of admiration energy ​We offer a fast, friendly and efficient service. last-minute (adj) ​/lɑːst ˈmɪnɪt/ done, decided or organized just before sth happens or before it is for sb/sth because of their good qualities or eligible (adj) ​/elɪdʒəbl/ ​a person who is eligible too late We booked a last-minute holiday. achievements ​I have the greatest respect for your for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because brother. they have the right qualifications, are the right legible (adj) ​/ledʒəbl/ ​clear enough to read The signature was still legible. responsibility (for) (n) ​/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ ​a duty age, etc. Only those over 70 are eligible for the to deal with or take care of sb/sth The sales manager special payment. (a) little bit (adv) ​/ˈlɪtl bɪt/ somewhat ​It was a was given responsibility for the European market. little bit tedious. endanger (v) ​/ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ ​to put sb/sth in road sign (n) ​/rəʊd saɪn/ a sign near a road a situation in which they could be harmed or magnificent (adj) ​/mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ ​extremely giving information or instructions to drivers damaged ​Increased use of plastics could endanger attractive and impressive; deserving praise The road sign was not very easy to read at night. She looked magnificent in her wedding dress. sea life. robust (adj) ​ strong and healthy meteorite (n) ​ a piece of rock from /rəʊˈbʌst / enormous (adj) ​/ɪˈnɔːməs/ ​extremely large /miːtiəraɪt/ ​ She was almost ninety, but still very robust. The problems facing the President are enormous. outer space that hits the Earth’s surface Originally, scientists thought that the impression was a crater sense (of) (n) ​/sens/ ​a feeling about sth estuary (n) ​/estʃuəri/ ​the wide part of a river important ​He felt an overwhelming sense of loss. where it flows into the sea The city sits on the caused by a meteorite hitting the Earth. moon (n) ​ the round object that moves sensible (adj) ​/sensəbl/ ​able to make good shores of a deep estuary. /muːn/ ​ judgements based on reason and experience extraordinary (adj) ​ unexpected, around the earth once every 27½ days and shines /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ ​ at night by light reflected from the sun There’s no rather than emotion She’s a sensible sort of person. surprising or strange It’s extraordinary that he shabby (adj) ​ in poor condition because managed to sleep through the party. moon tonight. /ˈʃæbi/ ​ mountain range (n) ​ a series of long use or lack of care The outside of the house extremely (adv) ​/ɪkˈstriːmli/ ​to a very high /ˈmaʊntən reɪndʒ/ was beginning to look shabby. degree ​She found it extremely difficult to get a job. of mountain ridges alike in form, direction, and origin ​The mountain range forms a natural border solar system (n) ​/ˈsəʊlə sɪstəm/ the sun and all fairly (adv) ​/feəli/ ​to some extent but not very between the two countries. the planets that move around it We don’t know I know him fairly well, but I wouldn’t say we were how many solar systems there are in each galaxy. really close friends. navigable (adj) ​/nævɪɡəbl/ ​wide and deep enough for ships and boats to sail on Many of the speed bump (n) ​/spiːd bʌmp/ a raised area fashionable (adj) ​/fæʃnəbl/ ​following a style rivers cease to be navigable. across a road that is put there to make traffic go that is popular at a particular time It’s becoming slower ​You must slow down when driving over a fashionable to have long hair again. neglected (adj) ​/nɪˈɡlektɪd/ ​not receiving enough care or attention The child has been speed bump. flexible (adj) ​/fleksəbl/ ​able to change to suit neglected for weeks. spellbinding (adj) ​/spelbaɪndɪŋ/ ​holding new conditions or situations Our plans need to be your attention completely It was a spellbinding flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone. not particularly (adv) ​/nɒt pəˈtɪkjələli/ not very ​I’m not particularly impressed with their performance. flourishing (adj) ​/ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ/ ​developing rapidly performance. star (n) ​/stɑː(r)/ ​a large ball of burning gas in and successfully He enjoyed a flourishing career. space that we see as a point of light in the sky at overwhelming (adj) ​/əʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ ​very great galaxy (n) ​/ɡæləksi/ ​any of the large systems of or very strong The evidence against him was night ​That star is part of a constellation. stars, etc. in outer space The stars make up part of overwhelming. stifling (adj) ​/staɪflɪŋ/ ​to feel unable to breathe, our galaxy. or to make sb unable to breathe, because it is too parking meter (n) ​/ˈpɑːkɪŋ miːtə(r)/ ​a machine glacier (n) ​/ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ ​a large mass of ice, formed beside the road that you put money into when hot and/or there is no fresh air It’s stifling in here – by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly you park your car next to it To get a ticket you must can we open a window?’ down a valley We are going to fly over the glacier in use the parking meter. stream (n) ​/striːm/ ​a small, narrow river a helicopter this afternoon. We waded across a shallow stream. pedestrian crossing (n) ​/pəˌdestriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ/ grasp (of) (n) ​/ɡrɑːsp/ ​an understanding of sth a part of a road where vehicles must stop to allow subsistence (lifestyle) (n) ​/səbˈsɪstəns/ ​the state The author shows a weak grasp of military strategy. people to cross To cross the road safely please use of having just enough money or food to stay grassland (n) ​/ɡrɑːslænd/ ​a large area of open the pedestrian crossing. alive ​Families have a subsistence lifestyle, hunting land covered with wild grass The grassland is walruses, seals and whales in the spring. currently at risk.

2 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 2 22/01/2014 11:33 sun (n) ​/sʌn/ ​the star that shines in the sky bronze (adj) ​/brɒnz/ ​to be a gold brown colour highly respected (adj) ​/ˈhaɪli rɪˈspektɪd/ during the day and gives the earth heat and light There’s a bronze statue outside the museum. admired by many people for their achievements The sun usually sets earlier in winter. chest of drawers (BrE) dresser (NAmE) (n) ​ or good qualities He is highly respected in the swamp (n) ​/swɒmp/ ​an area of ground that /ˌtʃest əv ˈdrɔːz/ /ˈdrɛsə/ a piece of furniture business world. is very wet or covered with water and in which with drawers for keeping clothes in Can you put hoard (v) ​/hɔːd/ ​to accumulate for preservation, plants, trees, etc. are growing There are aligators your clothes away in the chest of drawers please? future use, etc., in a hidden or carefully guarded in the swamp. clear out (n) ​/klɪə(r) aʊt/ a process of getting place ​Don’t hoard all your favourite sweets. tedious (adj) ​/tiːdiəs/ ​lasting or taking too long rid of things that you no longer want I’m going to huge (adj) ​/hjuːdʒ/ ​extremely large in size or and not interesting The journey soon became have a clear out at the weekend. amount ​He gazed up at her with huge brown eyes. tedious. clutter (n) ​/klʌtə(r)/ ​having too many things, so Indian (adj) ​/ɪndiən/ ​a type of cuisine, often thriving (adj) ​/θraɪvɪŋ/ ​to become, and continue that it is untidy The room seems to be full of clutter. eaten as a take away The first Indian curry to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. The music coins (n) ​/kɔɪn / a small flat piece of metal used appeared in a British cookbook in the eighteenth industry is thriving. as money I have lots of coins in my purse. century. totally (adv) ​/təʊtəli/ ​wholly and completely colourful (adj) ​/kʌləfl/ ​full of bright colours or jewels (n) ​/dʒuːəl/ ​pieces of jewellery or They come from totally different cultures. having a lot of different colours The male birds are decorative objects that contain precious stones tundra (n) ​/tʌndrə/ ​the large flat Arctic regions more colourful than the female birds. The family jewels are locked away in a safe. of northern Europe, Asia and N America where no contemporary (adj) ​/kənˈtemprəri/ ​belonging to junk (n) ​/dʒʌŋk/ ​things that are considered trees grow and where the soil below the surface the same time I’m not a fan of contemporary art. useless or of little value I’ve cleared out all that old of the ground is always frozen Life in the tundra is junk that was in the attic. controversial (adj) ​/kɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ ​causing a lot isolated and cold. of angry public discussion and disagreement lift (BrE) elevator (NAmE) (n) ​/lɪft/ /ˈɛlɪveɪtə/ a unacceptable (adj) ​/ʌnəkˈseptəbl/ ​that you Winston Churchill and Richard Nixon were both moving platform or cage for carrying passengers cannot accept, allow or approve of Such behaviour controversial figures. or freight from one level to another, as in a is totally unacceptable in a civilized society. building ​The lift took us to the top floor. cooker (BrE) stove (NAmE) (n) ​/ˈkʊkə(r)/ /stəʊv/ unappealing (adj) ​/ʌnəˈpiːlɪŋ/ ​not attractive or a large piece of equipment for cooking food, loads of (n) ​/ləʊdz əv/ a large number or amount pleasant ​The room was painted in an unappealing containing an oven and gas or electric rings on of sb/sth; plenty I have loads of work to do after shade of brown. top ​Don’t forget to turn off the cooker after using it. school. universe (n) ​/juːnɪvɜːs/ ​the whole of space and copper (adj) ​/kɒpə(r)/ ​reddish-brown in colour mask (n) ​/mɑːsk/ ​a covering for part or all of the everything in it, including the earth, the planets The copper sun sank into the sea. face, worn to hide or protect it The robbers wore a and the stars The idea of a parallel universe is hard mask to disguise their faces. crushed (adj) ​/krʌʃt/ ​pulverized, rendered into to grasp. small, disconnected fragments I’m looking for mind-blowing (adj) ​/ˈmaɪnd bləʊɪŋ/ very utterly (adv) ​/ˈʌtərli/ ​used to emphasize how crushed aluminium cans. exciting, impressive or surprising Watching your complete sth is We’re so utterly different from each baby being born is a mind-blowing experience. curtains (BrE) drapes (NAmE) (n) ​/ˈkɜːtn/ /dreɪp/ other. a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window mountains of (n) ​/ˈmaʊntənz əv/ a very large valuable (adj) ​/væljuəb/ ​very useful or important ​ It was ten in the morning but the curtains were still amount or number of sth We made mountains of The book provides valuable information on recent drawn. sandwiches. trends. dated (adj) ​/deɪtɪd / old-fashioned; belonging to much-anticipated (adj) ​/mʌtʃ ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd/ to very (adv) ​/veri/ ​used before adjectives, adverbs a time in the past The furniture is very dated. feel or realise beforehand The business deal was and determiners to mean ‘in a high degree’ or much-anticipated. decaying (adj) ​/dɪˈkeɪɪŋ/ ​Implies the ‘extremely’ ​I’m not very impressed. deterioration from sound condition Go behind mummy (n) ​/ˈmʌmi/ ​a body of a human or an vibrant (adj) ​/vaɪbrənt/ ​full of life and energy those decaying wooden buildings. animal that has been mummified The museum Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year has an Egyptian mummy. delicate (adj) ​/delɪkət/ ​easily damaged or broken ​ celebrations. The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body. never-ending (adj) ​/ˌnevər ˈendɪŋ/ seeming to visible (adj) ​ that can be seen The house last for ever Housework is a never-ending task. /vɪzəbl/ ​ drop out of (phr v) /drɒp aʊt əv/ to no longer is clearly visible from the beach. take part in or be part of sth I am going to drop out object (n) ​/ɒbdʒɪkt/ ​a thing that can be seen and wasteful (adj) ​/weɪstfl/ ​using more of sth than is of science as it is too hard. touched, but is not alive Glass and plastic objects necessary; not saving or keeping sth that could be lined the shelves. dustbin (BrE) trash can (NAmE) (n) ​/ˈdʌstbɪn/ ​ used ​The whole process is wasteful and inefficient. a large container with a lid, used for putting opt out (phr v) /ˈɒpt aʊt/ the act of choosing not well-known (adj) ​/ˈwɛlˈnoʊn/ ​known about by a rubbish/garbage in, usually kept outside the to be involved in an agreement Everyone else went lot of people He is a well-known actor. house ​A dustbin is a large container outside your on the school trip but I opted out. worthwhile (adj) ​/wɜːθˈwaɪl/ ​worth spending house where you throw things away. paper (adj) ​/peɪpə(r)/ ​made of paper or paperlike time, money or effort on The smile on her face experimental (adj) ​/ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/ ​based on material ​She made a paper aeroplane. made it all worthwhile. new ideas, forms or methods that are used to find pick out (phr v) /pɪk aʊt/ to choose sb/sth out what effect they have The equipment is still at carefully from a group of people or things I need Unit 3 the experimental stage. to pick out some clothes for my interview tomorrow. abstract (adj) ​/æbstrækt/ ​based on general ideas fast-paced (adj) ​/fɑːst peɪst/ including a lot of piles of (n) ​/paɪlz əv/ a quantity of things heaped and not on any particular real person, thing or things happening quickly The science fair was fast- together ​There were piles of clothes everywhere. situation ​The research shows that young children paced and impressive. plastic (adj) ​/plæstɪk/ ​made of plastic Can you are capable of thinking in abstract terms. flat (BrE) apartment (NAmE) (n) ​/flat/ /əˈpɑːtmənt/ ​ pass me those plastic cups? accumulate (v) ​/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ ​to gradually get a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a possession (n) ​/pəˈzeʃn/ ​sth that you have more and more of sth over a period of time Dust building ​Our flat is on the top floor. or own The ring is one of her most treasured and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned garden (BrE) yard (NAmE) (n) ​/ˈɡɑːdn/ /jɑːd/ possessions. regularly. a piece of land next to or around your house pottery (n) ​/ˈpɒtəri/ ​pots, dishes, etc. made with aluminium (adj) ​/æljəˈmɪniəm/ ​of, pertaining to, where you can grow flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc. ​ clay that is baked in an oven He has an extensive or containing aluminium The window frames are The children enjoy playing in the garden. collection of nineteenth-century pottery. made from aluminium. German (adj) ​/dʒɜːmən/ ​of or pertaining to products (n) ​/prɒdʌkt/ ​a thing that is grown amass (v) ​/əˈmæs/ ​to collect sth, especially in Germany, its inhabitants, or their language or produced, usually for sale We are selling more large quantities They are going to amass a wealth My friend is a German artist. products online than ever before. of information together. get rid of (v) ​/ɡet rɪd əv/ to make yourself free reach out (to) (phr v) /riːtʃ aʊt/ to be seen or antique (adj) ​/ænˈtiːk/ ​old and often valuable of sb/sth that is annoying you or that you do heard by sb She uses her blog to reach out to teens. That desk is an antique. not want; to throw sth away I can’t get rid of this rectangular (adj) ​ ( ) a flat shape headache. /rekˈtæŋɡjələ r / ​ beaten (adj) ​/biːtn/ ​defeated ​They expect to be with four straight sides, two of which are longer beaten at the next election. handmade (adj) ​/han(d)ˈmeɪd/ ​made by hand, than the other two, and four angles of 90° There is not by machine, and typically therefore of superior belongings (n) ​/bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ ​the things that you a large rectangular table in the room. quality ​He has expensive handmade leather shoes. own which can be moved, for example not land or ripped (adj) ​/rɪpt/ ​torn, either partly or into buildings ​She packed her few belongings in a bag heap of (n) ​/hiːp əv/ a lot of sth I’ve got a heap of separate pieces Oh no! My dress is ripped. and left. things to do. rubbish (n) ​/rʌbɪʃ/ ​things that you throw away bin (v) ​/bɪn/ ​to throw away Please bin your old heart-breaking (adj) ​/ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ ​a strong because you no longer want or need them socks! feeling of sadness It’s heart-breaking to see him The streets were littered with rubbish. wasting his life like this. breathtaking (adj) ​/ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ ​very exciting or run out (of) (phr v) /rʌn aʊt/ to use up or finish a impressive (usually in a pleasant way) The scene helmet (n) ​/ˈhelmɪt / a type of hard hat that supply of sth We’ve run out of milk! was one of breathtaking beauty. protects the head, worn, for example, by a police rusty (adj) ​ covered with rust The car is officer, a soldier or a person playing some sports /rʌsti/ ​ broad (adj) ​/brɔːd/ ​wide ​They boy had broad very rusty. Always wear a helmet when cycling on the road. shoulders. sculpture (n) ​ ( ) a work of art that is a help out (phr v) to help sb, especially /ˈskʌlptʃə r / ​ broad-minded (adj) ​/ˌbrɔːd ˈmaɪndɪd/ willing /help aʊt/ solid figure or object made by carving or shaping to listen to other people’s opinions and accept in a difficult situation He’s always willing to help wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. There is a sculpture at behaviour that is different from your own She was out. the entrance of the building. very broad-minded!

Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 3

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 3 22/01/2014 11:33 Wordlist

self-defeating (adj) ​/ˌself dɪˈfiːtɪŋ/ causing wear out (phr v) /weə(r) aʊt/ to become, or engineer (n) ​/ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ ​a person whose more problems and difficulties instead of solving make sth become, thin or unusuable, usually job involves designing and building engines, them; not achieving what you wanted to achieve because it has been used too much I wore out my machines, roads, bridges, etc. They’re sending an but having an opposite effect Paying children shoes trekking in the Alps. engineer to fix the phone. too much attention when they misbehave can be well documented (adj) ​/wiːl ˈdɒkjumentɪd/ flowing (adj) ​/ˈfləʊɪŋ/ ​(especially of long hair or self-defeating. having a lot of written evidence to prove, support clothing) hanging or draping loosely and gracefully silk (adj) ​/sɪlk/ ​to be made from a type of fine or explain it The problem is well documented. Her flowing black hair framed her pretty face. smooth cloth made from silk thread Her skin was well earned (adj) ​/ˌwel ˈɜːnd/ much deserved give sb a piece of your mind (idiom) ​ as smooth as silk. Her break was well earned! /ɡɪv ˈsʌmbədi ə piːs ɒv jɔː(r) maɪnd/ to tell sb smooth (adj) ​/smuːð/ ​completely flat and well known (adj) ​/ˌwel ˈnəʊn/ known about by a that you disapprove of their behaviour or are angry even, without any lumps, holes or rough areas lot of people His books are not well known. with them I’d like to give her a piece of my mind! The painting had a smooth surface. wide ranging (adj) ​/ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/ including go out of your mind (idiom) ​ sort out (phr v) /sɔːt aʊt/ an act of arranging or dealing with a large number of different /ɡəʊ aʊt ɒv jɔː(r) maɪnd/ to be unable to think or organizing the contents of sth in a tidy or subjects or areas The commission has been given or behave in a normal way You’re lending them neat way and removing things you do not want wide ranging powers. money? You must be out of your mind! I haven’t got time to sort out that stuff. winding (adj) ​/ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ ​having a curving and hard to swallow (idiom) ​/hɑːd tə ˈswɒləʊ/ spill out (phr v) /spɪl aʊt/ to fill a container and twisting shape It is a long and winding road. difficult to accept or not easy to believe The terms go over the edge My tea spilled out onto the floor. of the agreement were hard to swallow. witty (adj) ​/ˈwɪti/ ​able to say or write clever, spread out (phr v) /spred aʊt/ to stretch your amusing things She often used witty remarks. heart (n) ​/hɑːt/ ​the organ in the chest that sends body or arrange your things over a large area blood around the body, usually on the left in wooden (adj) ​/ˈwʊdn/ ​made of wood Our dining There’s more room to spread out in first class. table is wooden. humans ​The patient’s heart stopped beating for a stacks of (n) ​/stæks ɒv/ a large number or amount few seconds. of sth; a lot of sth I’ve got stacks of work to do. Unit 4 imperfection (n) ​/ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn/ ​a fault or statue (n) ​/ˈstætʃuː/ ​a figure of a person or an weakness in sb/sth The only slight imperfection in addiction (n) ​/əˈdɪkʃn/ ​the condition of being the painting is a scratch in the corner. animal in stone, metal, etc, usually the same size addicted to sth He is now fighting his addiction to as in real life or larger The statue of Queen Victoria alcohol. keep in mind (idiom) ​/kiːp ɪn maɪnd/ was made of bronze. to remember sb/sth I’ll keep that in mind for future aggression (n) ​/əˈɡreʃn/ ​feelings of anger and reference. striking (adj) ​/straɪkɪŋ/ ​interesting and unusual hatred that may result in threatening or violent enough to attract attention She bears a striking behaviour ​The research shows that computer lifeless (adj) ​/ˈlaɪfləs/ ​dead or appearing to be resemblance to her older sister. games may cause aggression. dead ​He knelt beside her lifeless body. stuff (n) ​ used to refer to a substance, liver (n) ​ ( ) a large organ in the body that /stʌf/ ​ artery (n) ​/ˈɑːtəri/ ​any of the tubes that carry /ˈlɪvə r / ​ material, group of objects, etc. when you do not blood from the heart to other parts of the body cleans the blood and produces bile His liver was know the name What’s all this stuff on my desk? There is a severed artery in his wrist. very healthy. stunning (adj) ​ extremely attractive or lungs (n) ​ either of the two organs in the /stʌnɪŋ/ ​ baldness (n) ​/bɔːldnəs/ ​having little or no hair on /lʌŋ/ ​ impressive ​You look absolutely stunning! the head He wore a hat to hide his baldness. chest that you use for breathing Smoking can tablet (n) ​ a flat piece of stone that has damage your lungs. /ˈtæblət/ ​ be in two minds (idiom) ​/bi ɪn tuː maɪndz/ to be writing on it This tablet is from Ancient Egypt. unable to decide what you think about sb/sth, or make up your mind (idiom) ​ ( ) take out (phr v) /ˈteɪk aʊt/ to move sth from one whether to do sth or not She’s in two minds about /meɪk ʌp jɔː r maɪnd/ to decide sth They’re both place to another I am going to take all of these accepting his invitation. beautiful – I can’t make up my mind. clothes out of my wardrobe. mind (n) ​ the part of a person that makes bone (n) ​/bəʊn/ ​any of the hard parts that form /maɪnd/ ​ tangled (adj) ​/tæŋɡld/ ​twisted together in an the skeleton of the body of a human or an animal them able to be aware of things, to think and untidy way You need to brush your hair, it’s all He survived the accident and didn’t even break a bone. to feel There were all kinds of thoughts running tangled in knots! through my mind. brain (n) ​/breɪn/ ​the organ inside the head that tap (BrE) faucet (NAmE) (n) ​/tap/ /ˈfɔːsɪt/ controls movement, thought, memory and feeling ​ (there is) more to sb than meets the eye (idiom) ​ ( ) ( ) a device that controls the flow of water from a There is a lot of damage to the brain. /ðeə r aɪz mɔː r tə ˈsʌmbədi ðæn miːts ðə aɪ/ pipe ​Turn the tap on/off to control the water flow. a person or thing is more complicated or break sb’s heart (idiom) to make sb feel very interesting than you might think at first I don’t thing (n) ​/θɪŋ/ ​an object whose name you do unhappy ​It breaks my heart to see you like this. not use because you do not need to or want to, know, there is more to her than meets the eye. burden (n) ​/ˈbɜːdn/ ​a duty, responsibility, obesity (n) ​ very fat, in a way that is or because you do not know it She’s very fond of etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work /əʊˈbiːsəti/ ​ sweet things. not healthy Obesity can increase the risk of heart The main burden of caring for old people falls on disease. thought provoking (adj) ​/ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ the state. making people think seriously about a particular pearly (adj) ​/ˈpɜːli/ ​of or like a pearl She had cause (n) ​/kɔːz/ ​the person or thing that makes pearly white teeth. subject or issue A brilliant and thought-provoking sth happen Unemployment is a major cause of play. poverty. ribs (n) ​/rɪb/ ​any of the curved bones that are throw out (phr v) /θrəʊ aʊt/ to get rid of sth that connected to the spine and surround the chest change your mind (idiom) ​/tʃeɪndʒ jɔː(r) maɪnd/ ​ He broke his ribs playing football. you no longer want I am going to throw out all my to change a decision or an opinion Nothing will old clothes! make me change my mind. screen (n) ​/skriːn/ ​the flat surface at the front of a television, computer, or other electronic tiny (adj) ​/taɪni/ ​very small in size or amount come to your senses (idiom) ​ ( ) Only a tiny minority hold such extreme views. /kʌm tə jɔː r sensɪz/ ​ device, on which you see pictures or information cause someone to (or start to) think and behave They were staring at the television screen. tool (n) ​/tuːl/ ​an instrument such as a hammer, reasonably after a period of folly or irrationality screwdriver, saw, etc. that you hold in your hand I wish you should come to your senses and look for shift (v) ​/ʃɪft/ ​to move, or move sth, from one and use for making things, repairing things, etc. a better job. position or place to another Could you help me Always select the right tools for the job. shift some furniture? cross your mind (idiom) ​/krɒs jɔː(r) maɪnd/ torch (BrE) flashlight (NAmE) (n) ​/tɔːtʃ/ /ˈflaʃlʌɪt/ ​ to come into your mind It never crossed my mind short-sightedness (adj) ​/ˌʃɔːt ˈsaɪtɪdnəs/ able a small electric lamp that uses batteries and that that she might lose. to see things clearly only if they are very close to you can hold in your hand She used a torch to find you ​Her short-sightedness meant she missed most deafness (n) ​/defnəs/ ​unable to hear anything of the play. her way in the dark. or unable to hear very well His deafness has never transparent (adj) ​/trænsˈpærənt/ ​allowing you affected him in life. shrivelled (adj) ​/ˈʃrɪvld/ ​to become or make sth to see through it The insect’s wings are almost dry and wrinkled as a result of heat, cold or being depression (n) ​/dɪˈpreʃn/ ​a medical condition old ​He was a shrivelled old man. transparent. in which a person feels very sad and anxious triangular (adj) ​/traɪˈæŋɡjələ(r)/ ​shaped like a and often has physical symptoms such as being skin (n) ​/skɪn/ ​the layer of tissue that covers the triangle ​She has very broad triangular shoulders. unable to sleep, etc. She suffered from severe body ​The snake sheds its skin once a year. troubling (adj) ​/ˈtrʌblɪŋ/ ​causing stress or depression after losing her job. skull (n) ​/skʌl/ ​the bone structure that forms anxiety ​This is a troubling development for the the head and surrounds and protects the brain dig your heels in (idiom) ​/dɪɡ jɔː(r) hiːlz ɪn/ prime minister. to refuse to do sth or to change your mind about Her skull was damaged in the accident. vase (n) ​/vɑːz/ ​a container made of glass, etc, sth ​They dug in their heels and would not lower the slip your mind (idiom) ​/slɪp jɔː(r) maɪnd/ to used for holding cut flowers or as a decorative price. forget sth or forget to sth I’m sorry I didn’t tell you. object ​Can you put the flowers in the vase? It completely slipped my mind. disability (n) ​/dɪsəˈbɪləti/ ​a physical or mental wardrobe (BrE) closet (NAmE) (n) ​ condition that means you cannot use a part of (have) sth on your mind (idiom) ​ /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ /ˈklɒzɪt/ a large cupboard for your body completely or easily, or that you cannot /əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɒn jɔː(r) maɪnd/ if sb/sth is on your hanging clothes in which is either a piece of learn easily His disability means he is entitled to mind, you are thinking and worrying about them/ furniture or built into the wall The house has a extra support. it a lot Don’t bother your father tonight – he’s got a fitted wardrobe in every bedroom. lot on his mind. dismally (adv) ​/ˈdɪzməli/ ​causing or showing weapons (n) ​/ˈwepən/ ​an object such as a sadness ​The completion rates this year are dismally spine (n) ​/spaɪn/ ​the row of small bones that are knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting low. connected together down the middle of the back or attacking sb The police still haven’t found the I hurt my spine when I fell over during football. murder weapons.

4 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 4 22/01/2014 11:33 stomach (n) ​/ˈstʌmək/ ​the organ inside the body encourage (v) ​/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ ​to give sb support, pinnacle (n) ​/ˈpɪnəkl/ ​the most important or where food goes when you swallow it It’s not a courage or hope Banks actively encourage people successful part of sth She had reached the pinnacle good idea to swim on an empty stomach. to borrow money. of her career. take your mind off sth (idiom) ​/teɪk jɔː(r) enlarge (v) ​/ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ ​to make sth bigger There point out (phr v) /pɔɪnt aʊt/ to mention sth in maɪnd ɒf ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ to make you forget about sth are plans to enlarge the recreation area. order to give sb information about it or make unpleasant for a short time Painting helped take ensure (v) ​/ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ ​to make sure that sth them notice it She tried in vain to point out the her mind off her troubles. happens or is definite Please ensure all lights are seriousness of the situation. vein (n) ​/veɪn/ ​any of the tubes that carry blood switched off. preface (n) ​/ˈprefəs/ ​an introduction It is important from all parts of the body towards the heart entitle (v) ​/ɪnˈtaɪtl/ ​to give sb the right to have or to preface the debate with a general comment. The nurse was having trouble finding a vein in his arm. to do sth This ticket entitles you to travel first class. protagonist (n) ​/prəˈtæɡənɪst/ ​the main warts and all (idiom) ​/wɔːts ænd ɔːl/ including entrust (v) ​/ɪnˈtrʌst/ ​to make sb responsible for character in a play, film or book He is a leading all the bad or unpleasant features of sb/sth The doing sth or taking care of sb Mum has entrusted protagonist of the conservation movement. documentary shows the life of a fashion model, me to cook Christmas dinner! quirky (adj) ​/ˈkwɜːki/ ​an aspect of sb’s warts and all. expressive (adj) ​/ɪkˈspresɪv/ ​showing or able personality or behaviour that is a little strange watery (adj) ​/ˈwɔːtəri / of or like water Her eyes to show your thoughts and feelings She has She has a quirky sense of humour. were red and watery. wonderfully expressive eyes. riveting (adj) ​/ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/ ​so interesting or exciting (a) weight off your shoulders (idiom) ​ for what it’s worth (idiom) ​/fɔː(r) wɒt ɪts wɜːθ/ that it holds your attention completely As usual, /weɪt ɒf jɔː(r) ˈʃəʊldəz/ ​to relieve yourself of used to emphasize that what you are saying is only she gave a riveting performance. a burden, normally sth that has been troubling/ your own opinion or suggestion and may not be ruthless (adj) ​/ˈruːθləs/ ​determined to get what worrying you It will be a weight off your shoulders very helpful I prefer this colour, for what it’s worth. you want and not caring if you hurt other people when you finish your dissertation. for your information (idiom) ​ The way she behaved towards him was utterly /fɔː(r) jɔː(r) ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ ​used to tell sb that they ruthless. Unit 5 are wrong about sth For your information, I don’t slip on (phr v) /ˈslɪp ɒn/ to put clothes on or to abuse (n) ​/əˈbjuːs/ ​rude and offensive remarks even have a car. take them off quickly and easily He slipped a coat I couldn’t stand the abuse, so I left. from my point of view (idiom) ​ over his sweatshirt. add on (phr v) /ˈæd ɒn/ make an addition to /frɒm maɪ pɔɪnt ɒv vjuː ː/ your personal spine (n) ​/spaɪn/ ​the narrow part of the cover She added an extra week on to her holiday. judgment or opinion about sth From my point of of a book that the pages are joined to The spine view, the party was a complete success. looks very worn. as far as I know (idiom) ​/eɪz fɑː(r) eɪz aɪ nəʊ/ used to say that you think you know, remember, front cover (n) ​/frʌnt ˈkʌvə(r)/ ​a book cover is switch on (phr v) /swɪtʃ ɒn/ to turn a light, understand, etc. sth but you cannot be completely any protective covering used to bind together the machine, etc. off/on by pressing a button or sure, especially because you do not know all the pages of a book The front cover looks amazing. switch ​Can you switch on the lights please? facts ​As far as I know, there is no cause for concern. glossary (n) ​/ˈɡlɒsəri/ ​a list of technical or take your point (idiom) ​/teɪk jɔː(r) pɔɪnt / as soon as possible (idiom) ​/eɪz suːn eɪz ˈpɒsəbl/ ​ special words, especially those in a particular text, accept the validity of someone’s idea or argument ​ as quickly, much, soon, etc. as you can We will get explaining their meanings There is a glossary of Okay, I take your point. your order to you as soon as possible. financial terms at the back. thanks in advance (phr) ​/θæŋks ɪn ədˈvɑːns / at some point (idiom) ​/æt səm pɔɪnt/ a non- go on (phr v) /ɡuːn/ ​to continue Life must go on. used to show that you are grateful to sb for sth specific time in the future At some point, I will gripping (adj) ​/ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ ​exciting or interesting they have done Thanks in advance for agreeing to become a teacher. in a way that keeps your attention His books are lend me the money. back cover (n) ​/bæk ˈkʌvə/ the back part of the always so gripping. the point is (idiom) ​/ðə pɔɪnt aɪz/ stating in cover of a book or magazine I only read the back hardback (n) ​/ˈhɑːdbæk/ ​a book that has a stiff your opinion the meaning about what is actually cover. cover ​What’s the price of the hardback? happening ​The point is, you shouldn’t have to wait so long to see a doctor. bibliography (n) ​/ˌbɪbliˈɒɡrəfi/ ​a list of books, index (n) ​/ˈɪndeks/ ​a list of names or topics that etc. that have been used by sb writing an article, are referred to in a book, etc, usually arranged at throw on (phr v) /θrəʊ ɒn/ to put on a piece etc. ​There is a useful bibliography at the end of each the end of a book in alphabetical order or listed in of clothing quickly and carelessly I threw on my chapter. a separate file or book Look it up in the index. clothes before breakfast. by the way (idiom) ​/baɪ ðə weɪ/ used to insightful (adj) ​/ˈɪnsaɪtfʊl/ ​showing a clear title page (n) ​/ˈtaɪtl peɪdʒ/ a page at the front of introduce a comment or question that is not understanding of a person or situation Thank you a book that has the title and the author’s name on directly related to what you have been talking for the insightful comments. it ​The title page is found at the front of the book. about ​By the way, I found that book you were intricate (adj) ​/ˈɪntrɪkət/ ​having a lot of different too much information ​ /tuː mʌtʃ ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ looking for. parts and small details that fit together They have an expression indicating that someone has bye for now (idiom) ​/baɪ fɔː(r) naʊ/ ​used to an intricate network of consumers. revealed information that is too personal and express good wishes when parting or at the end made the listener or reader uncomfortable Okay, keep on (phr v) /kiːp ɒn/ to speak to sb often of a conversation Okay then, bye for now! and in an annoying way about sb/sth I’ll do it – just that’s too much information! carry on (phr v) /ˈkæri ɒn/ to continue without don’t keep on at me about it! touching (adj) ​/ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ ​causing feelings of pity stopping ​They will carry on misbehaving. laugh out loud (jargon) ​ or sympathy; making you feel emotional It was a /ˈlɑːf aʊt laʊd/ touching story that moved many of us to tears. cheer on (phr v) /tʃɪə (r) ɒn/ to give shouts of extremely funny The best scenes in the movie made encouragement to sb in a race, competition, me laugh out loud. transcend (v) ​/trænˈsend/ ​to be or go beyond the etc. ​I’ve come to the football game to cheer on my usual limits of sth They transcend time and space. live on (phr v) /lɪv ɒn/ to have enough money brother! for the basic things you need to live My salary isn’t turn on (phr v) /ˈtɜːn ɒn/ to start sth by pressing chilling (adj) ​/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/ ​frightening, usually enough for us to live on. a switch or a button I turn on my computer and because it is connected with sth violent or cruel check Facebook before going to school. meaningful (adj) ​/ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ ​intended to The film evokes chilling reminders of the war. communicate or express sth to sb, without any up to a point (idiom) ​/ʌp tə ə pɔɪnt/ to some cling on (phr v) /klɪŋ ɒn/ to be unwilling to get words being spoken She gave me a meaningful degree but not completely I agree with you up to rid of sth, or stop doing sth He had one last hope look. a point. to cling on to. move on (phr v) /muːv ɒn/ to start doing or urge on (phr v) /ɜːdʒ ɒn/ to encourage sb to do come on (phr v) /ˈkʌm ɒn/ used in orders to tell discussing sth new Can we move on to the next sth or support them so that they do it better She sb to hurry or to try harder Come on! We don’t item on the agenda? could hear him urging her on as she ran. have much time. moving (adj) ​/ˈmuːvɪŋ/ ​causing you to have villain (n) ​/ˈvɪlən/ ​the main bad character in a complex (adj) ​/ˈkɒmpleks/ ​made of many deep feelings of sadness or sympathy It is a deeply story, play, etc. He often plays the part of the villain. different things or parts that are connected moving experience. you only live once (interjection) ​ The human brain is very complex. on the point of (phr v) /ɒn ðə pɔɪnt ɒv/ at /ju ˈəʊnli lɪv wʌns/ motto to convey that one contents page (n) ​/kənˈtents peɪdʒ/ a list of the the moment immediately before a specified should take risks and live life to the fullest because different sections that are contained in a book condition, action, etc, is expected to begin I am you probably won’t get another chance to do it The contents page will help you find what you are on the point of resigning. Do the bungee jump – you only live once! looking for. in my humble opinion (idiom) ​ dust jacket (n) ​/ˈdʌst dʒækɪt/ a paper cover on /ɪn maɪ ˈhʌmbl əˈpɪnjən/ a phrase introducing Unit 6 a book that protects it but that can be removed the speaker’s opinion In my humble opinion, it’s a accountability (n) ​/əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ ​responsible Take the dust jacket off the book before reading. very sound investment. for your decisions or actions and expected empower (v) ​/ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ ​to give sb the power paperback (n) ​/ˈpeɪpəbæk/ ​a book that has to explain them when you are asked Lack of or authority to do sth There are lots of ways to a thick paper cover When is it coming out in accountability has corroded public respect for empower the poor. paperback? business and political leaders. enable (v) ​/ɪˈneɪbl/ ​to make it possible for sb perceptive (adj) ​/pəˈseptɪv/ ​having or showing (set the) agenda (n) ​/əˈdʒendə/ ​a list of items to to do sth The evidence will enable us to come to a the ability to see or understand things quickly, be discussed at a meeting Can you set the agenda conclusion. especially things that are not obvious It was very for tomorrow’s meeting? enclose (v) ​/ɪnˈkləʊz/ ​to build a wall, fence, etc. perceptive of you to notice that. around sth I will enclose the yard with iron railings.

Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 5

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 5 22/01/2014 11:33 Wordlist

archival footage (n) ​/ˈɑːkɑɪvl ˈfʊtɪdʒ/ film or lighting (n) ​/ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ ​the arrangement or type Unit 7 video footage from the past that can be used in of light in a place The building needs improved adolescent (n) ​/ˌædəˈlesnt/ ​a young person other films The program takes a look at the class security and lighting. who is developing from a child into an adult with archival footage from the 1960’s. location (n) ​/ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ ​a place where sth Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 may face (to be) armed (with) (adj) ​/ɑːmd/ ​furnished with happens or exists Our honeymoon will be in a problems at school. weapons ​Be careful, they are going to be armed secret location. ahead of time (adj) ​/əˈhed ɒv taɪm/ earlier than and dangerous. out of character (idiom) ​/aʊt ɒv ˈkærəktə(r)/ ​ was expected We finished fifteen minutes ahead audio engineer (n) ​/ˈɔːdiəʊ ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ ​ not typical of a person’s character Her behaviour of time. a person whose job it is to alter and balance the last night was completely out of character. all the time (adv) ​/ɔːl ðə taɪm/ very often levels of different sounds as they are recorded out of favour (idiom) ​/aʊt ɒv ˈfeɪvə(r)/ ​ She leaves the lights on all the time. He has got a job as an audio engineer for the BBC. disapproval or support for sb/sth He is out of (feel) at ease (idiom) ​/æt iːz/ to make sb axe (v) ​/æks/ ​to get rid of a service, system or sb’s favour with the boss! feel relaxed and confident, not nervous or job ​Patients are delighted their local hospital has out on a limb (idiom) ​/aʊt ɒn ə lɪm / not embarrassed ​Try to make the candidate feel at ease been saved from the axe. supported by other people Are you prepared to go by being friendly and informal. back (v) ​ to give help or support out on a limb? /bæk/ ​ at one time (idiom) ​/æt wʌn taɪm/ in or during My parents backed my decision to move abroad. out of one’s depth (idiom) ​/aʊt ɒv jɔː(r) depθ/ a known but unspecified past period She was a ban (v) ​/bæn/ ​to decide or say officially that sth is to be in a situation that you cannot control I felt nurse at one time. not allowed There was a campaign to ban smoking totally out of my depth in my new job. at the best of times (idiom) in public places. plea (n) ​/pliː/ ​an urgent emotional request She /æt​ ðə best ɒv taɪmz/ even when the bid (v) ​/bɪd/ ​to offer to provide a service for made an impassioned plea for help. circumstances are very good He’s never very happy a particular price, in competition with other prop (n) ​/prɒp/ ​a small object used by actors at the best of times – he’ll be much worse now! companies ​They lost the bid to host the Olympics. during a performance He is responsible for all the at the same time (idiom) ​/æt ðə seɪm taɪm/ boom (n) ​/buːm/ ​a sudden increase in trade and stage props and lighting. at one time, together She was laughing and crying economic activity We have had a boom in car sales. quit (v) ​/kwɪt/ ​to stop doing sth or to leave your at the same time. (expose) corruption (n) ​/kəˈrʌpʃn / dishonest job, school, etc. If I don’t get more money I’ll quit. be yourself (idiom) ​/bi jɔːˈself/ to act naturally or illegal behaviour, especially of people in riddle (n) ​/ˈrɪdl/ ​a question that is difficult to People will prefer it if you just be yourself. authority ​It is important that we expose corruption understand, and that has a surprising answer, that before my time (idiom) ​/bɪˈfɔː(r) maɪ taɪm/ in government. you ask sb as a game I am going to solve the riddle! happening before you were born or can costume designer (n) ​/ˈkɒstjuːm dɪˈzaɪnə/ rigged (v) ​/rɪɡd/ ​to arrange or influence sth in a remember or before you lived, worked, etc. a person who designs costumes for plays and dishonest way in order to get the result that you somewhere ​The first landing on the moon was films ​She was a costume designer for the theatre want ​He said the election had been rigged. before my time. company. (spread a) rumour (n) ​/ˈruːmə(r)/ ​a piece of behind the times (idiom) ​/bɪˈhaɪnd ðə taɪmz/ cover-up (n) ​/ˈkʌvər ʌp/ action that is taken to information, or a story, that people talk about, but old-fashioned in your ideas, methods, etc. hide a mistake or illegal activity from the public that may not be true Please don’t spread rumours You’re so behind the times! Government sources denied there had been a about people. breathe life into (idiom) ​ to deliberate cover-up. /briːð laɪf ˈɪntə/ (fall for a) scam (n) ​/skæm/ ​a clever and improve sth by introducing new ideas and making (lack) credibility (n) ​/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/ ​the quality dishonest plan for making money Be careful not to people more interested in it The results of their that sb/sth has that makes people believe or trust fall for the phone scam. research have breathed new life into the debate. them ​They lack credibility. (musical) score (n) ​/skɔː(r)/ ​the music written for brush off (phr v) /ˈbrʌʃ ɒf/ a rejection or dismissal crowd funding (n) ​/ˈkraʊdfʌndɪŋ/ ​the practice a film/movie or play They won an award for best of sth by treating it as unimportant She brushed of funding a project or venture by raising many original score. off her poor results and continued studying. small amounts of money from a large number scramble (up) (v) ​/ˈskræmbl/ ​to move quickly, call off (phr v) /kɔːl ɒf/ to cancel sth They have of people, typically via the internet Musicians, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help called off their engagement. filmmakers, and artists have successfully raised funds you ​She managed to scramble up the wall. and fostered awareness through crowd funding. childish (adj) ​/ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ ​behaving in a stupid or screenplay (n) ​/ˈskriːnpleɪ/ ​the words that are silly way Don’t be so childish! curb (v) ​/kɜːb/ ​to control or limit sth, especially written for a film/movie (= the script), together sth bad He needs to learn to curb his temper. cross off (phr v) /krɒs ɒf/ to draw a line through with instructions for how it is to be acted and a person’s name or an item on a list because they/ delve (into) (v) ​/delv/ ​to search for sth inside a filmed ​She won an Oscar for the film’s screenplay. it is no longer required or involved We can cross bag, container, etc. Let me delve into your bag. scriptwriter (n) ​/ˈskrɪptraɪtə(r)/ ​a person who his name off; he’s not coming. devastated (adj) ​ extremely upset /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/ ​ writes the words for films/movies, television and cut off (phr v) /ˈkʌt ɒf/ to isolate or be separate and shocked His family is absolutely devastated. radio plays The scriptwriter will write the play. She felt very cut off from society. docu-ganda (n) film that uses documentary scrutinize (v) ​/ˈskruːtənaɪz/ ​to look at or dependent (adj) ​/dɪˈpendənt/ ​needing sb/sth style to spread propaganda When I watched it, examine sb/sth carefully She leaned forward to in order to survive or be successful You can’t be I was shocked by how manipulative it was. It was not scrutinize their faces. dependent on your parents all your life. a documentary, it was docu-ganda. shot on location (idiom) ​/ʃɒt ɒn ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ dynamic (adj) ​/daɪˈnæmɪk/ ​having a lot of energy explore (v) ​/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ ​to travel to or around an practice of filming in an actual setting rather than and a strong personality She is a dynamic leader. area or a country in order to learn about it I want on a sound stage The film will be shot on location. to explore many different countries. ease off (phr v) /iːz ɒf/ to become or make sth (trace) sources (n) ​/sɔːs/ ​a person, book or become less strong, unpleasant, etc. We will wait fly-on-the-wall (style) (adj) ​/flaɪ ɒn ðə wɔːl/ document that provides information, especially until the rain eases off. doing sth or watching/filming sb without them for study, a piece of written work or news elderly (adj) ​ used as a polite word noticing ​Fly-on-the-wall documentaries are really The journalist refused to reveal his sources. /ˈeldəli/ ​ interesting. for ‘old’ ​They are an elderly couple. staged (scenes) (adj) ​/steɪdʒd/ ​deliberately gem (n) ​ a precious stone that has been every walk of life (idiom) ​/ˈevri wɔːk ɒv laɪf/ /dʒem/ ​ arranged for effect The programme had staged every status and occupation We invited people cut and polished and is used in jewellery A crown scenes. is often studded with gems. from every walk of life, but only those who could storyboard artist (n) ​/ˈstɔːribɔːd aːtɪst/ afford the long drive could possibly come. go viral (phr v) /ɡəʊ ˈvaɪrəl/ an image, video, a profession specialized in creating storyboards or link that spreads rapidly through a population experienced (adj) ​/ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ ​having for advertising agencies and film productions knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity by being frequently shared with a number of He was a storyboard artist. individuals online We will go viral with this YouTube He’s very experienced in looking after animals. storyline (n) ​/ˈstɔːrilaɪn/ ​the basic story in a fend off (phr v) to protect yourself from video. novel, play, film/movie, etc. The storyline was /fend ɒf/ (make) headlines (n) ​ the most sth, especially by avoiding them She managed to /ˈhedlaɪn/ ​ based on a true story. fend off questions about new tax increases. important items of news, at the beginning of a stuntman (n) ​ a person who does news programme or at the start of a newspaper /ˈstʌntmæn/ ​ fight off (phr v) /faɪt ɒf/ to resist sb/sth by dangerous things in place of an actor The actor fighting against them/it The jeweller was stabbed article ​That announcement is going to make the had a stuntman for some of the dangerous scenes. headlines. as he tried to fight the robbers off. sweep (v) ​/swiːp/ ​to remove quickly with force foolish (adj) ​ not showing good sense or in one’s element (idiom) ​/ˈelɪmənt/ ​doing what The boat was swept out to sea. /ˈfuːlɪʃ/ ​ you are good at and enjoy When skating, I am in judgement ​I was foolish enough to believe what my element. terrified (adj) ​/ˈterɪfaɪd/ ​very frightened Jeff told me. I’m terrified of spiders! in step with (idiom) ​ having ideas for the time being (idiom) ​/fɔː(r) ðə taɪm ˈbiːɪŋ/ /ɪn step wɪð/ ( ) information or that are the same as other people’s Your plans are voice-over (n) ​/ˈvɔɪs əʊvə r / ​ for a short period of time but not permanently comments in a film/movie, television programme, in step with the company’s. You can leave your suitcase here for the time being. etc. that are given by a person who is not seen on from time to time (idiom) ​ in the limelight (idiom) ​/ɪn ðə ˈlaɪmlaɪt/ the the screen She does the voice-over for that TV show. /frɒm taɪm tə taɪm/ centre of public attention She is always in the occasionally but not regularly She has to work at vow (n) ​ a formal and serious promise to do limelight. /vaʊ/ ​ weekends from time to time. sth ​Nuns take a vow of chastity. in the offing (idiom) ​ likely to appear get away with (phr v) /ɡet əˈweɪ wɪð/ to do /ɪn ðə ˈɒfɪŋ/ vulnerable (adj) ​ weak and easily or happen soon I hear there are more staff changes /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ ​ sth wrong and not be punished for it Don’t be hurt physically or emotionally Old people are in the offing. tempted to cheat – you’ll never get away with it. particularly vulnerable to the flu.

6 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 6 22/01/2014 11:33 get up to (phr v) /ɡet ʌp tə/ to be busy with sth, shrug off (phr v) /ʃrʌɡ ɒf/ to treat sth as if it is distressing (n) ​/dɪˈstresɪŋ/ ​making you feel especially sth surprising or unpleasant She’s been not important She decided to shrug off her injury extremely upset, especially because of sb’s getting up to her old tricks again! and continue playing. suffering ​What could be more distressing than the get your own way (idiom) ​/ɡet jɔː(r) əʊn weɪ/ stand on your own two feet (idiom) ​/stænd ɒn death of their only child? to get or do what you want, especially when sb jɔː(r) əʊn tuː fiːt/ to be independent and able to (maintain an) ecosystem (n) ​/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ ​ has tried to stop you She always gets her own way take care of yourself When his parents died he had all the plants and living creatures in a particular in the end. to learn to stand on his own two feet. area considered in relation to their physical give in to (phr v) /ɡɪv ɪn tə/ to agree to do sth supportive (adj) ​/səˈpɔːtɪv/ ​giving help, environment ​Scientists are working hard to you don’t want Mum finally gave in and bought me encouragement or sympathy to sb She was very maintain the ecosystem. a Smartphone. supportive during my father’s illness. emergency (n) ​/iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ ​a sudden serious go on about (phr v) /ɡəʊ ɒn əˈbaʊt/ to talk vulnerable (adj) ​/ˈvʌlnərəbl/ ​weak and easily and dangerous event or situation which needs about sb/sth for a long time, especially in a boring hurt physically or emotionally We should protect immediate action to deal with it This door should or complaining way He liked to go on about how the most vulnerable members of our society. only be used in an emergency. wealthy he once was. warn off (phr v) /wɔːn ɒf/ to tell sb to leave or empathy (for) (n) ​/ˈempəθi/ ​the ability to in next to no time (idiom) ​/ɪn nekst tə nəʊ taɪm/ ​ stay away from a place or person, especially in a understand another person’s feelings, experience, so soon or so quickly that it is surprising The kids threatening way The farmer warned us off his land etc. ​It’s hard to feel empathy for some criminals. will be leaving home in next to no time. when we tried to camp there. face the music (idiom) ​/feɪs ðə ˈmjuːzɪk/ to in the course of time (idiom) ​/ɪn ðə kɔːs ɒv taɪm/ ​ wear off (phr v) /weə (r) ɒf/ to gradually accept and deal with criticism or punishment for when enough time has passed It is possible that in disappear or stop The effects of the drug will soon sth you have done The others all ran off, leaving the course of time a cure for cancer will be found. wear off. me to face the music. in the nick of time (idiom) ​/ɪn ðə nɪk ɒv taɪm/ wise (adj) ​/waɪz/ ​able to make sensible decisions face up to (the facts) (idiom) ​/feɪs ʌp tə/ to at the very last moment They escaped from the and give good advice because of the experience accept and deal with sth that is difficult or smoke-filled house in the nick of time. and knowledge that you have I’m older and wiser unpleasant ​She had to face up to the fact that she would never walk again. independent (adj) ​/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ ​confident after ten years in the business. and free to do things without needing help from youthful (adj) ​/ˈjuːθfl/ ​typical of young people (standard) fare (n) ​/feə(r)/ ​food that is offered as other people Going away to college has made me She brings youthful enthusiasm to the job. a meal The new Café serves traditional fare. much more independent. (prevent) fires (n) ​/ˈfaɪəz/ ​flames that are out of inexperienced (adj) ​/ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst/ ​having Unit 8 control and destroy buildings, trees, etc. We have little knowledge or experience of sth She is far too to take action to prevent forest fires. agonizing (adj) ​/ˈæɡənaɪzɪŋ/ ​causing great pain, inexperienced for her role. anxiety or difficulty It was the most agonizing fraction (of) (n) ​/ˈfrækʃn/ ​a small part or amount infantile (adj) ​/ˈɪnfəntaɪl/ ​typical of a small child, decision of her life. of sth Only a small fraction of a bank’s total childish ​He’s always telling infantile jokes. deposits will be withdrawn at any one time. (protect) animal (n) ​/ˈænɪml/ ​a creature that is juvenile (adj) ​/ˈdʒuːvənaɪl/ ​silly and more typical not a bird, a fish, a reptile, an insect or a human fry (v) ​/fraɪ/ ​to cook sth in hot fat or oil Are you of a child than an adult Don’t be so juvenile! We need to protect some animals from extinction. going to fry the bacon? grill (v) ​ to cook food under or over a very laugh off (phr v) /lɑːf ɒf/ to try to make people attack (on) (n) ​/əˈtæk/ ​strong criticism of sb/sth /ɡrɪl/ ​ think that sth is not serious or important, in speech or in writing It is a scathing attack on the strong heat Grill the sausages for ten minutes. especially by making a joke about it He laughed government’s policies. (destroy a) habitat (n) ​/ˈhæbɪtæt/ ​the place off suggestions that he was going to resign. where a particular type of animal or plant is awe-inspiring (adj) ​/ˈɔː ɪnspaɪərɪŋ/ making you live a charmed life (idiom) ​/tʃɑːmd laɪf/ to feel respect and admiration The building was awe- normally found The new buildings will destroy always be lucky and safe from danger That inspiring in size and design. their habitat. footballer lives a charmed life! (cause an) imbalance (n) ​ a situation bake (v) ​/beɪk/ ​to cook food in an oven without /ɪmˈbæləns/ ​ long in the tooth (idiom) ​/lɒŋ ɪn ðə tuːθ/ old or extra fat or liquid I’m baking a birthday cake for in which two or more things are not the same size ageing ​I may be long in the tooth but I am going to Alex. or are not treated the same, in a way that is unfair try anyway. banquet (n) ​ a formal meal for a large or causes problems Postnatal depression is usually /ˈbæŋkwɪt/ ​ caused by a hormonal imbalance. make off (phr v) /meɪk ɒf/ to steal sth and hurry number of people, usually for a special occasion away with it Watch he doesn’t make off with that A state banquet is being held in honour of the (have an) impact (n) ​/ˈɪmpækt/ ​the powerful money. visiting President. effect that sth has on sb/sth Her speech made a profound impact on everyone. (a) matter of life and death (idiom) ​/ˈmætə(r) ɒv barbecue (n) ​/ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/ ​an outdoor meal or laɪf ænd deθ/ used to describe a situation that is party when food is cooked in this way Tonight we in the face of (idiom) ​/ɪn ðə feɪs ɒv/ despite very important or serious Don’t disturb me unless shall have a barbecue with our friends. problems, difficulties, etc. The campaign continued it’s a matter of life and death. in the face of great opposition. based (on) (n) ​/beɪst/ ​if one thing is based on mature (adj) ​/məˈtʃʊə(r)/ ​behaving in a sensible another, it uses it or is developed from it The report individual (adj) ​/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ ​connected with way, like an adult Jane is very mature for her age. is based on figures from six different European cities. one person/thing She wrapped up the individual flowers. (the) milestones in life (idiom) ​/ˈmaɪlstəʊnz ɪn better off (without) (idiom) ​/ˈbetə(r) ɒf/ used to laɪf / a very important stage or event Having a say that sb is/would be happier or more satisfied ingredient (in) (n) ​/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ ​one of the baby is one of life’s milestones. if they were in a particular position or did a things from which sth is made, especially one (a) new lease of life (idiom) ​ particular thing She’s better off without him. of the foods that are used together to make a /njuː liːs ɒv laɪf/ particular dish Ginger is one of the ingredients in the chance to live or last longer, or with a better boil (v) ​/bɔɪl/ ​to cook or wash sth in boiling water ​ quality of life Since her operation, she’s had a new She put some potatoes on to boil. Thai curry. lease of life. carbon emissions (n) ​ let’s face it (phr v) /lets feɪs ɪt/ used to convey /ˈkɑːbən iˈmɪʃnz/ that one must be realistic about an unwelcome (be) out of touch with (idiom) ​/aʊt ɒv tʌtʃ wɪð/ carbon gas that is sent out into the atmosphere to not know or understand what is happening The government has pledged to reduce carbon fact or situation Let’s face it, the team are going to in a particular subject or area Unfortunately, the emissions. lose the match. people making the decisions are out of touch with light (adj) ​ small in quantity, easy to digest Chinese (adj) ​/tʃaɪˈniːz/ ​from or connected with /laɪt/ ​ the real world. China ​I love Chinese food. I’m playing football later so I’ll just have sth light for (be) over the hill (idiom) ​ ( ) lunch. /ˈəʊvə r ðə hɪl/ classic (adj) ​/ˈklæsɪk/ ​with all the features you old and therefore no longer useful or attractive would expect to find, typical She displayed the monstrous (adj) ​/ˈmɒnstrəs/ ​considered to be Youngsters seem to think you’re over the hill at 40! classic symptoms of depression. shocking and unacceptable because it is morally (in the) prime of life (idiom) ​ wrong or unfair It’s monstrous to think he could be /praɪm ɒv laɪf / cold-blooded (adj) ​/ˌkəʊld ˈblʌdɪd/ showing out of jail soon. the time of maturity when power and vigor are no feelings or pity for other people He is a cold- ( ) greatest ​At 25, I am in the prime of life. blooded murderer. (conserve) nature (n) ​/ˈneɪtʃə r / ​all the plants, put off (phr v) to change sth to a later animals and things that exist in the universe that /pʊt ɒf/ concerned (about) (adj) ​/kənˈsɜːnd/ ​worried and time or date We’ve had to put off our wedding until are not made by people The government wants to feeling concern about sth The President is deeply conserve nature. September. concerned about this issue. self-reliant (adj) ​ able to do or on the face of it (idiom) ​/ɒn ðə feɪs ɒv ɪt/ used /ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt/ countless (adj) ​/ˈkaʊntləs/ ​too many to be decide things by yourself, rather than depending to say that sth seems to be good, true, etc. but counted or mentioned The new treatment could that this opinion may need to be changed when on other people for help Don’t worry, he’s very save Emma’s life and the lives of countless others. self-reliant. you know more about it What may, on the face critical (adj) ​/ˈkrɪtɪkl/ ​extremely important of it, seem obvious often turns out to be far more (be) set in your ways (idiom) ​ ( ) /set ɪn jɔː r -weɪz/ ​ because a future situation will be affected by it complicated. to have habits or opinions that you have had for Your decision is critical to our future. (popular) order (n) ​/ˈɔːdə(r/ ​a request for food a long time and that you do not want to change depend (on) (v) ​ to rely on sb/sth and Don’t take offence; she’s just set in her ways. /dɪˈpend/ ​ or drinks in a restaurant, bar, etc. May I take your be able to trust them He was the sort of person you order? set off (phr v) /set ɒf/ to begin a journey We will could depend on. set off for London just after breakfast. outlaw (v) ​/ˈaʊtlɔː/ ​to make sth illegal There are (traditional) dish (n) ​/dɪʃ/ ​food prepared in a plans to outlaw the carrying of knives. shelf life (n) ​ the length of time that /ˈʃelf laɪf/ particular way as part of a meal This makes an poach (v) ​ to cook food gently in a small food, etc. can be kept before it is too old to be sold ​ excellent hot main dish. /pəʊtʃ/ ​ The product has a guaranteed shelf life of 60 days. amount of liquid I am going to poach an egg for lunch.

Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 7

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 7 22/01/2014 11:33 Wordlist

(double) portion (n) ​/ˈpɔːʃn/ ​an amount of food backup (n) ​/ˈbækʌp/ ​a copy of a file, etc. that can hard-wearing (adj) ​/ˌhɑːd ˈweərɪŋ/ that lasts a that is large enough for one person I’m hungry. be used if the original is lost or damaged Always long time and remains in good condition I want Can I have a double portion? make a backup of your work. shoes that are practical and hard-wearing. (ban harmful) practices (n) ​/ˈpræktɪsɪz/ ​a way bug (n) ​/bʌɡ/ ​a fault in a machine, especially in (to) have legs (idiom) ​/həv leɡz/ to continue to of doing sth that is the usual or expected way in a computer system or program The latest version be of interest This latest scandal has legs; you’ll a particular organization or situation We have this computer program has a bug. probably still be reading about it in a year’s time. banned harmful practices. bulky (adj) ​/ˈbʌlki/ ​large and difficult to move or headset(s) (n) ​/ˈhedset/ ​a pair of headphones, put on a brave face (idiom) ​/pʊt ɒn ə breɪv feɪs/ carry ​Bulky items are not allowed in the cabin. especially one with a microphone attached to it to pretend that you feel confident and happy close (adv) ​/kləʊs/ ​near in space or time Speak clearly into the headset. when you do not I had to put on a brave face and The second twin was born close after the first. high (adv) ​/haɪ/ ​at or to a position or level that try to show him that I wasn’t worried. closely (adv) ​/ˈkləʊsli/ ​in a close relation or is a long way up from the ground or from the (wartime) ration (n) ​/ˈræʃn/ ​a fixed amount of position in time or space He walked into the room, bottom ​A dish piled high with food. food, fuel, etc. that you are officially allowed to closely followed by the rest of the family. highly (adv) ​/ˈhaɪli/ ​with admiration or praise have when there is not enough for everyone to convenient (adj) ​ useful, easy She speaks highly of you. have as much as they want I’m grateful for my /kənˈviːniənt/ ​ or quick to do You’ll find these meals quick and innovative (adj) ​/ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ ​introducing or weekly butter ration. convenient to prepare. using new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc. There will (overexploit) resources (n) ​/rɪˈsɔːs/ ​a supply of cookie (n) ​ a computer file with be a prize for the most innovative design. sth that a country, an organization or a person has /ˈkʊki/ ​ information in it that is sent to the central server just (adv) ​/dʒʌst/ ​only ​I decided to learn Japanese and can use They are exploiting minerals and other each time a particular person uses a network or just for fun. natural resources. the internet This website uses cookies. justly (adv) ​/ˈdʒʌstli/ ​according to what is result (in) (phr v) /rɪˈzʌlt/ ​to make sth happen cord (n) ​ a piece of wire that is covered morally right or fair I want to be treated justly. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of /kɔːd/ ​ with plastic, used for carrying electricity to a piece keypad (n) ​ a small set of buttons deaths. /ˈkiːpæd/ ​ of equipment It’s not wireless; the telephone has with numbers on used to operate a telephone, rise (in) (n) ​/raɪz/ ​an increase in an amount, a a cord. television, etc. Enter your name using the keypad. number or a level There has been a sharp rise in the cumbersome (adj) ​ large and late (adv) ​ arriving, happening or done after number of people out of work. /ˈkʌmbəsəm/ ​ /leɪt/ ​ heavy; difficult to carry You might have to use the expected, arranged or usual time My flight roast (v) ​/rəʊst/ ​to cook food, especially meat, some cumbersome machinery. was an hour late. without liquid in an oven or over a fire Are you cutting-edge (n) ​ the newest, most lately (adv) ​ recently ​It’s only lately that going to roast the chicken? /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ /ˈleɪtli/ ​ advanced stage in the development of sth I am she’s been well enough to go out. scramble (v) ​ to cook an egg by /ˈskræmbl/ ​ working at the cutting-edge of computer technology. lightweight (adj) ​ made of thinner mixing the white and yellow parts together and /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ ​ data (n) ​ information that is stored by a material and less heavy than usual The car heating them, sometimes with milk and butter /ˈdeɪtə/ ​ computer ​It is important to back up your data. features a lightweight aluminium engine. I love scrambled eggs. dedicated (adj) ​ working hard at murmur (reassurances) (v) ​ ( ) to say side (n) ​ a dish that is served with, but is /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ ​ /ˈmɜːmə r / ​ /saɪd/ ​ sth because it is very important to you She is sth in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear or subordinate to, a main course Your dish comes dedicated to her job. understand ​She murmured an excuse and hurried with a side. demonstrate (v) ​ to show sth away. six-course (adj) ​ a formal meal that /ˈdemənstreɪt/ ​ /sɪks kɔːs/ clearly by giving proof or evidence These results obsolete (adj) ​ no longer used because has six courses We’re having a six-course meal on /ˈɒbsəliːt/ ​ demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is sth new has been invented With technological New Year’s Eve. working. changes many traditional skills have become obsolete. slaughter (n) ​ ( ) the killing of animals for /ˈslɔːtə r / ​ earbud(s) (n) ​ a very small headphone plain (adj) ​ simple or basic in character their meat Cows are slaughtered for beef. /ˈɪəbʌd/ ​ /pleɪn/ ​ that is worn inside the ear I need to attach my The curtains were made from a plain fabric. (lunchtime) snack (n) ​ a small meal or /snæk/ ​ earbuds to the CD player. pricey (adj) ​ overpriced, too expensive amount of food, usually eaten in a hurry I only /ˈpraɪsi/ ​ early adopter (n) ​ ( ) a person who She wears pricey designer clothes. have time for a snack at lunchtime. /ˈɜːli əˈdɒptə r / ​ starts using a product or technology as soon as it prove (v) ​ to use facts, evidence, etc. to (threaten a) species (n) ​ a group into /pruːv/ ​ /ˈspiːʃiːz/ ​ becomes available They’re early adopters of new show that sth is true He felt he needed to prove his which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed technology, and new ideas. point. with each other and produce healthy young are elegant (adj) ​/ˈelɪɡənt/ ​attractive and showing a reasonable (adj) ​ fair, practical and divided ​This is a conservation area for endangered good sense of style She was tall and elegant. /ˈriːznəbl/ ​ species. sensible ​Any reasonable person would have done emerging technologies (n) ​ exactly as you did. steam (v) ​/stiːm/ ​to place food over boiling water /iˈmɜːdʒɪŋ tekˈnɒlədʒiz/ new technologies that sink (v) ​ to go down below the surface or so that it cooks in the steam We prefer to steam are currently developing or will be developed /sɪŋk/ ​ our broccoli. towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance over the next five to ten years, and which will The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. stew (v) ​/stjuː/ ​to cook sth slowly, or allow sth substantially alter the business and social sleek (adj) ​ having an elegant smooth to cook slowly, in liquid in a closed dish The meat environment ​Emerging technologies could make /sliːk/ ​ shape ​The sleek lines of the new car. needs to stew for two hours. hydroelectricity safer. spam (n) ​ advertising material sent by stir-fry (v) ​/ˈstɜː fraɪ/ to cook thin strips of examine (v) ​ to consider or study an /spæm/ ​ /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ ​ email to people who have not asked for it Check vegetables or meat quickly by stirring them in idea, a subject, etc. very carefully It is necessary to your spam folder. very hot oil It’s quicker to stir-fry the vegetables. examine how the proposals can be carried out. spyware (n) ​ ( ) software that enables a (fast-food) takeaway (n) ​/ˈteɪkəweɪ/ ​a meal that exorbitant (adj) ​ much too high /spɑɪweə r /ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/ ​ user to obtain covert information about another’s you buy at a restaurant that you eat somewhere The prices are exorbitant. else ​Shall we have a takeaway tonight? computer activities by transmitting data covertly (launch with) fanfare (n) ​/ˈfænfeə(r)/ ​a large from their hard drive It’s important to scan for thanks to (idiom) ​ used to say that sth /θæŋks tə/ amount of activity and discussion on television, in spyware. has happened because of sb/sth It was all a great newspapers, etc. to celebrate sb/sth The product (tech) start-ups (n) ​ connected with success – thanks to a lot of hard work. was launched amid much fanfare worldwide. /ˈstɑːt ʌps/ starting a new business or project Kickstarter is a threatened with (v) ​ to say that /ˈθretnd wɪð/ firewall (n) ​/ˈfaɪəwɔːl/ ​a part of a computer great platform for tech start-ups. you will cause trouble, hurt sb, etc. if you do not system that prevents people from getting at suggest (v) ​ to put forward an idea or a get what you want The attacker threatened them information without permission, but still allows /səˈdʒest/ ​ plan for other people to think about May I suggest with a gun. them to receive information that is sent to them a white wine with this dish, Sir? toast (v) ​/təʊst/ ​to make sth, especially bread, My computer is protected with a firewall. Trojan (n) ​ a Trojan horse, or Trojan, turn brown by heating it in a toaster or close to heat ​ fragile (adj) ​ easily broken or /ˈtrəʊdʒən/ ​ /ˈfrædʒaɪl/ ​ is a hacking program that is a non-self-replicating Place under a hot grill until the nuts have toasted. damaged ​Be careful not to drop it; it’s very fragile. type of malware That Trojan has wiped my hard toxic waste (n) ​ poisonous waste /ˈtɒksɪk weɪst/ groan-inducing (adj) ​/ɡrəʊn ɪnˈdjuːsɪŋ/ an act drive! materials ​You can also contact us for information that causes someone to groan Read this groan- under age (idiom) ​ not legally old on toxic waste. inducing love letter. /ˈʌndəreɪdʒ/ ​ enough to do a particular thing It is illegal to sell (talk) until we’re blue in the face (idiom) to try to hallmark(s) (n) ​/ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ ​a feature or quality cigarettes to children who are under age. do sth as hard and as long as you possibly can but that is typical of sb/sth Police said the explosion under attack (adj) ​ ( ) subjected without success You can argue till you’re blue in the bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack. /ˈʌndə r əˈtæk/ face, but you won’t change my mind. to enemy attack or censure Our freedom is under handset (n) ​/ˈhændset/ ​the part of a telephone attack. wiped out (phr v) /waɪpt aʊt/ to destroy or that you hold close to your mouth and ear to under control (idiom) ​ ( ) to remove sb/sth completely Whole villages were speak into and listen I can’t hear you, are you /ˈʌndə r kənˈtrəʊl/ be being dealt with successfully Don’t worry – wiped out by the earthquake. covering the handset? everything’s under control! handy (adj) ​ easy to use or to do That’s a /ˈhændi/ ​ under pressure (idiom) ​ ( ) ( ) Unit 9 handy little tool. /ˈʌndə r ˈpreʃə r / ​ being forced to do sth The director is under assess (v) ​/əˈses/ ​to make a judgement about the hard (adv) ​/hɑːd/ ​with great effort You must try increasing pressure to resign. nature or quality of sb/sth It’s difficult to assess the hard to get a good result. effects of these changes. under scrutiny (idiom) ​/ˈʌndə(r) ˈskruːtəni/ hardly (adv) ​/ˈhɑːdli/ ​almost none There’s hardly being watched or examined closely Foreign policy any tea left. has come under close scrutiny recently.

8 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 8 22/01/2014 11:33 under the radar (idiom) ​/ˈʌndə(r) ðə ˈreɪdɑː(r)/ ​ distribution (of wealth) (n) ​/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ ​ mankind (n) ​/mænˈkaɪnd/ ​all humans, thought used to say that people are not aware of sth the way that sth is shared or exists over a particular about as one large group The future of mankind Experts say a lot of corporate crime stays under the area or among a particular group of people is at stake. radar. It’s easy to see the unfair distribution of wealth. minority rights (adj) ​/maɪˈnɒrəti raɪts/ normal under the weather (idiom) ​/ˈʌndə(r) ðə ˈweðə(r)/ ​ diversify leadership (v) ​/daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ ˈliːdəʃɪp/ individual rights applied to members of racial, slightly ill/sick and not as well as usual I feel a bit to make leadership become more varied There are ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual under the weather today. calls to diversify leadership. minorities ​I am involved in a protest against the loss under your belt (idiom) ​/ˈʌndə(r) jɔː(r) belt/ economical with the truth (idiom) of the minority rights. to have already achieved or obtained sth /ˌekəˈnɒmɪkl wɪð ðə truːθ / euphemism moderate (adj) ​/ˈmɒdərət/ ​having or showing She already has a couple of good wins under her belt. for deceitful, whether by volunteering false opinions, especially about politics, that are not update (n) ​/ˌʌpˈdeɪt/ ​the most recent information Don’t trust him; he is often economical extreme ​She is a moderate socialist. improvements to a computer program that are with the truth. (lose) momentum (n) ​/məˈmentəm/ ​the ability sent to users of the program Have you installed egalitarian (adj) ​/iˌɡælɪˈteəriən/ ​based on, or to keep increasing or developing They began to the latest update? holding, the belief that everyone is equal and lose momentum in the second half of the game. (bring) up to speed (idiom) ​/ʌp tə spiːd/ having should have the same rights and opportunities nation (n) ​/ˈneɪʃn/ ​a country considered as a the most recent and accurate information or We live in an egalitarian society. group of people with the same language, culture knowledge ​Sarah, could you bring Paul up to speed electorate (n) ​/ɪˈlektərət/ ​the people in a and history, who live in a particular area under one with the latest developments? country or an area who have the right to vote, government ​They are an independent nation. useless (adj) ​/juːsləs/ ​not useful; not doing or thought of as a group Only 60% of the electorate pledge (n) ​/pledʒ/ ​a serious promise Will the achieving what is needed or wanted This pen is voted in the last election. government honour its election pledge not to raise useless there’s no ink in it. enemy (n) ​/ˈenəmi/ ​a person who hates sb taxes? virus (n) ​/ˈvaɪrəs/ ​instructions that are hidden or who acts or speaks against sb/sth After just pluck out of the air (idiom) ​/plʌk aʊt ɒv ðə eə(r)/ ​ within a computer program and are designed one day, she had already made an enemy of her to say a name, number, etc. without thinking to cause faults or destroy data The virus in the manager. about it, especially in answer to a question software was programmed to corrupt the hard disk. equal opportunities (n) ​/ˌiːkwəl ˌɒpəˈtjuːnətiz/ She plucked the statistic out of the air. the right to be treated without discrimination, politically correct (adj) ​/pəˌlɪtɪkli kəˈrekt/ Unit 10 especially on the grounds of one’s sex, race, or age ​ used to describe language or behaviour that You’ll find details of our equal opportunities policies deliberately tries to avoid offending particular abolish (v) ​/əˈbɒlɪʃ/ ​to officially end a law, a system or an institution They should abolish this tax. in the company handbook. groups of people The reference to the group was eradicate (v) ​ to destroy or get rid politically correct. adversary (n) ​/ˈædvəsəri/ ​a person that sb is /iˈrædɪkeɪt/ ​ opposed to and competing with in an argument of sth completely, especially sth bad We are polling station (n) ​/ˈpəʊlɪŋ steɪʃn/ a building or a battle He beat his old adversary in the finals. determined to eradicate racism from our sport. where people go to vote in an election The polling ethnic diversity (adj) ​ station is open until 10pm. alternative (n) ​/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ ​a thing that you /ˈeθnɪk daɪˈvɜːsəti/ can choose to do or have out of two or more having a wide variety of races in a given situation (human) population (n) ​/ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ ​all the possibilities ​There is a vegetarian alternative on the Ethnic diversity is more commonly known as people who live in a particular area, city or country ​ menu every day. multiculturalism. The human population is increasing every year. extreme (adj) ​ very great in degree private (adj) ​ belonging to or for the arms (n) ​/ɑːmz/ ​weapons, especially as used by /ɪkˈstriːm/ ​ /ˈpraɪvət/ ​ the army, navy, etc Do police officers in your country We are working under extreme pressure at the use of a particular person or group The hotel has carry arms. moment. 110 bedrooms, all with private bathrooms. foe (n) ​ an enemy or opponent His work was promise (v) ​ to tell sb that you will ballot paper (n) ​/ˈbælət peɪpə(r)/ ​a slip of paper /fəʊ/ ​ /ˈprɒmɪs/ ​ used to register a vote Put a cross against who you praised by friends and foes alike. definitely do or not do sth, or that sth will want to vote for on the ballot paper. freedom (n) ​/ˈfriːdəm/ ​the right to do or say definitely happen I promise not to tell anyone! what you want without anyone stopping you quick off the mark (idiom) ​ boil down to (idiom) ​/bɔɪl daʊn tə/ to have sth /kwɪk ɒf ðə mɑːk/ as a main or basic part In the end, what it all boils We will fight for freedom of speech. fast in reacting to a situation If you’re quick off the down to is money, or the lack of it. freeloaders (n) ​/ˈfriːləʊdəz/ ​a person who is mark in answering these questions, you could win always accepting free food, accommodation or a prize. candidate (n) ​/ˈkændɪdət/ ​a person or group that is considered suitable for sth or that is likely to get help from other people without giving them radical (adj) ​/ˈrædɪkl/ ​concerning the most basic sth or to be sth Our team is a prime candidate for anything in exchange Some members suspected and important parts of sth There is a need for relegation this year. that others in the group were freeloaders. radical changes in education. general election (n) ​ an election reactionary (n) ​ a person who capitalize on (idiom) ​/ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz/ ​to gain a /dʒenrəl ɪˈlekʃn/ /riˈækʃənri/ ​ further advantage for yourself from a situation in which all the people of a country vote to choose is opposed to political or social change It is a The team failed to capitalize on their early lead. a government The general election will be held reactionary government. next year. right-wing politics (n) ​ civic engagement (n) ​/ˈsɪvɪk ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ /raɪt wɪŋ ˈpɒlətɪks/ individual and collective actions designed to get rid of (phr v) /ɡet rɪd ɒv/ to remove sth that political outlook that are least in favour of social identify and address issues of public concern is causing a problem from a place, group, etc. change ​Cyclists are the new enemy of right wing Voting in elections is an important form of civic Further measures will be taken to get rid of crime on politics. our streets. engagement. secular (adj) ​/ˈsekjələ(r)/ ​not connected with humanity (n) ​ people in general spiritual or religious matters Ours is a secular class-based (adj) ​/klɑːs beɪst/ a status hierarchy /hjuːˈmænəti/ ​ in which individuals and groups are classified on He is being tried for crimes against humanity. society. the basis of economic success and accumulation law enforcement (n) ​/lɔː ɪnˈfɔːsmənt/ the set the record straight (idiom) ​/set ðə ˈrekɔːd of wealth They live in a class-based society. activity of making certain that the laws of an area streɪt/ ​to give people the correct information are obeyed John works as a law enforcement officer. about sth in order to make it clear that what they collateral (n) ​/kəˈlætərəl/ ​property or sth valuable that you promise to give to sb if you left-wing politics (n) ​/left wɪŋ ˈpɒlətɪks/ previously believed was in fact wrong To put the cannot pay back money that you borrow We had a political outlook that favours social change record straight, I do not support that idea and never put our house up as collateral for our bank loan. The Liberal Democrats are involved with left-wing have done. politics. social responsibility (n) ​ come under fire (idiom) ​/kʌm ˈʌndə(r) ˈfaɪə(r)/ ​ /ˈsəʊʃl rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ to be criticized severely for sth you have done liberty (n) ​/ˈlɪbəti/ ​freedom to live as you choose an ethical theory that an entity, be it an The health minister has come under fire from all sides. without too many restrictions from government organization or individual, has an obligation to act or authority The concept of individual liberty is at to benefit society at large The whole area of social common good (n) ​/ˈkɒmən ɡʊd/ the benefit or interests of all It is time our elected officials stood the basis of the constitution. responsibility is becoming much more important to up for the common good. local election (n) ​/ˈləʊkəl ɪˈlɛkʃən/ an election the consumer. to select members for a local council He spoke out spiritual (adj) ​ connected with the communal (adj) ​/ˈkɒmjənl/ ​involving different /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/ ​ groups of people in a community There has been at the launch of his party’s local election campaign human spirit, rather than the body or physical communal violence between religious groups in Dublin. things ​We’re concerned about your spiritual welfare. mainstream (n) ​ the ideas and swear (v) ​ ( ) to use rude or offensive constituency (n) ​/kənˈstɪtjuənsi/ ​a district /ˈmeɪnstriːm/ ​ /sweə r / ​ that elects its own representative to parliament opinions that are thought to be normal because language, usually because you are angry Why did Unemployment is high in her constituency. they are shared by most people His radical views you let him swear at you like that? place him outside mainstream American politics. talk up (idiom) ​ to talk about (sth or country (n) ​/ˈkʌntri/ ​an area of land that has /tɔːk ʌp/ or used to have its own government and laws majority rule (n) ​/məˈdʒɒrəti ruːl/ a system in someone) to make it seem as good as possible or She didn’t know what life in a foreign country would which power is held by the group that has the to draw positive attention to it You have to talk up be like. largest number of members Black majority rule in the number to impress the boss. South Africa took many years to achieve. toe the line (idiom) ​ to say or do (at everyone’s) disposal (idiom) ​/dɪˈspəʊzl/ ​sth is /təʊ ðə laɪn/ available to be used by everyone The committee manifesto (n) ​/ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ/ ​a written what sb in authority tells you to say or do, even if has limited resources at its disposal. statement in which a group of people, especially you do not share the same opinions, etc. One or a political party, explain their beliefs and say what two of them refused to toe the line. they will do if they win an election Their party turnout (n) ​/ˈtɜːnaʊt/ ​the number of people who manifesto is very good. vote in a particular election There was only a 50% turnout.

Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 9

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vote (n) ​/vəʊt/ ​a formal choice that you make in an election or at a meeting in order to choose sb or decide sth The chairperson has the deciding vote. wear the trousers (idiom) ​/weə(r) ðə ˈtraʊzəz/ to be the person in a marriage or other relationship who makes most of the decisions It’s obvious who wears the trousers in that family!

10 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition

Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 10 22/01/2014 11:33