TheTidal Exchange Newsletter of the ~ Harbor Estuary Program

Autumn 2006 Helping to Restore THIS ISSUE Anadromous Fish Passage HARBOR ESTUARY NEWS Fish Ladder Feasibility on the Rahway River CONTENTS Mark Jaworski and Ryan Brown 1 Helping to Restore ams, dikes, culverts and routes along the lower reaches of the Anadromous Fish Passage other structures prevent Rahway River in New Jersey, while Fish Ladder Feasibility Dmigrating fish in the New preserving beneficial uses of the river. on the Rahway River York – New Jersey Harbor Estuary, The ultimate purpose of this and throughout the coastal United project is to allow native anadromous Mark Jaworski and Ryan Brown States, from reaching their native fish populations to reach upstream upstream spawning grounds. Many historical spawning and rearing 2 structures located on streams and areas in the Rahway River that are HEP Recognizes its Partners rivers are used for drinking water, currently inaccessible due to a dam. electricity generation, flood control, The installation of a fish ladder at the 4 irrigation and other benefits. The New Rahway Water Supply Dam could be a EstuaryLive a Success - York – New Jersey Harbor Estuary first step in restoring the fishery in the Receives Rave Reviews Program (HEP) provided funding for lower section of the river and could lead a feasibility study to determine how to to further opportunities for restoration 5 best restore historical (continued on page 3) EstuaryLive 2006 Cast & Crew

A Victory for Habitat in the Harbor Estuary

HEP Awards Planning Funds for Idlewild Park Wetlands Restoration 7 HEP Awards Grants to 10 Partners for 3 Estuary Stewardship Projects

Important New Jersey CSO Legislation Enacted Dan Zeppenfeld 8 The American The proposed location for the fish ladder is along the dam (the right side of this photo). This Anguilla rostrata would allow the fish to swim around the dam while allowing the dam to operate at its current capacity. Photo courtesy of Mark Jaworski, Western Solutions 2 AUTUMN 2006 THE TIDAL EXCHANGE HEP Recognizes its Partners he HEP office would like to thank the Hudson River Foundation (HRF) Tfor hosting several work group meetings including the Contaminant Assessment and Reduction Program (CARP) meeting, the Comprehensive New York-New Jersey Restoration Plan (CRP) meeting, and the Regional Sediment Management Work Harbor Estuary Program Group (RSMWG) meeting. 290 Broadway, 24th Floor New York, NY 10007 EP would like to recognize the partnership between HEP and HRF for HRF’s 212-637-3816 Hrole in hosting the monthly NY-NJ Harbor Estuary Seminar Series. Visit [email protected] www.hudsonriver.org for the schedule. www.harborestuary.org hanks to the Interstate Environmental Commission for hosting the Pathogens Director Robert Nyman TWork Group meeting. US EPA, Region II hanks to the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance for hosting the Citizens Outreach Coordinator Advisory Committee meeting. Laura Bartovics T New York Sea Grant Technical Specialist Cathy Yuhas Harbor Estuary locations visited in this quarter’s Tidal Exchange New Jersey Sea Grant Program Associate Cortney Worrall New England Interstate Water Hudson River Pollution Control Commission Hackensack River Tidal Exchange Editors Long Island Sound Laura Bartovics, NYSG New Jersey Cortney Worrall, NEIWPCC Jeff Myers, NYS DEC Kerry Kirk Pflugh, NJ DEP Robert Nyman, EPA HEP Office East River New York Cathy Yuhas, NJSG NewNewarkark Bay Lower Idlewild Park Planning Page 5 Program Structure New York The NY-NJ Harbor Estuary Program Bay Kill Van Kull is a partnership of federal, state Rahway River Jamaica Bay and local governments, scientists, Fish Passage Story Page 1 and citizens working together and within the following committees and Upper EstuaryLive Page 4 New York workgroups: Bay Neck Creek Acquistion Page 5 RariRaritantan BaBayy Policy Committee SandySandy Hook Management Committee Bay Citizens Advisory Committee NavesinkNavesink River New York Bight Science and Technical Advisory Committee ShrewsburShrewsburyy RiverRiver Habitat Workgroup Toxics Workgroup Nutrients Workgroup Pathogens Workgroup Clean Sediment and Navigation The Tidal Exchange is a publication of the New York - New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program (HEP), Workgroup a partnership of federal, state and local governments, scientists and citizens working together to protect and restore the natural resources of the estuary. The purpose of the newsletter is to promote Education and Outreach Workgroup an informative dialog on issues related to the Harbor Estuary Program. For information about committees The HEP is sponsored by the States of New York and New Jersey and the US Environmental or workgroups, please visit the HEP Protection Agency. The HEP Management Committee consists of representatives from the US EPA, website or contact the HEP Office. NJ DEP, NYS DEC, NY and NJ local governments, US ACE, US DOI, NOAA, Port Authority of NY & NJ, Interstate Environmental Commission, NJ Harbor Dischargers Group, NYS DOS, Science & Technical Advisory Committee and Citizens Advisory Committee. The Tidal Exchange is printed on 100% Post- Consumer Recycled The Tidal Exchange is produced and printed by New York Sea Grant (NYSG) under a cooperative Paper, Processed Chlorine-Free Agreement with the US EPA (#CE982247-02). The viewpoints expressed here do not necessarily represent those of NYSG, US EPA, or the HEP Management Committee, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or causes constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. THE TIDAL EXCHANGE AUTUMN 2006 3

Fish Ladders removing or bypassing (from page 1) impediments. Where removal of a dam or efforts upstream. other barrier is not While dams and other structures feasible, fish passage can provide valuable services to cities structures such as and communities, quite often they fish ladders or bypass form insurmountable barriers that keep channels have been native fish from reaching important constructed to allow natal spawning, feeding, and rearing fish to swim over or habitats. As a result, some populations around the dam to of native fish species (e.g. American reach critical upstream shad, alewife, and other river herring) habitat where they have been reduced or even eliminated can spawn. from these areas. Fish ladders Computer rendering of an operational fish ladder on the left. In fact, fish population studies connect flow upstream Reservoir with dam is in the background. show a deteriorating trend in of an impediment to Image courtesy of Alexey Sergeev populations such as downstream waters. Fish ladders spawning anadromous fish would be and American eel in the Harbor typically consist of a sloping chute expected to ascend the river. Estuary. Because juvenile fish of these that is divided by weirs which create a For the Rahway River study, species are the prey of a variety of step-wise series of descending pools. a preliminary screening of design larger, adult fish species such as striped As water flows over each weir, fish alternatives indicated that two types bass, restoring their populations is ascend the ladder by swimming or of fish passage alternatives may be important to the entire Harbor Estuary jumping into successively higher pools feasible: a fish bypass design and a ecosystem. (see Page 6 for more information on steeppass ladder design. The full Many restoration efforts underway fish ladders). Fish have been observed study concluded that both proposed in the at this time gathering at the Rahway Water Supply fish passage alternatives are feasible focus on restoring fish migrations by Dam during the time frame in which and would meet the project’s fish passage goals while allowing the dam to operate in its current capacity.

What Prevents Fish From HEP Funding Going Upstream? Funding for the Fish Passage Feasibility Study at the Rahway number of structural barriers and impediments can prevent fish from River Water Supply Dam was made entering streams or tributaries where they spawn, or in the case of the available through a Conceptual Habitat A American eel, where they mature. Here’s a quick rundown of some of Restoration Plan Grant offered through the structures that provide benefits to our communities but can keep fish from an open Request for Proposal (RFP) reproducing in their native waters. process by the Harbor Estuary Program Dams and spillways are used to contain water for drinking water reservoirs, and the Hudson River Foundation. for generating electricity, or to build lakes for parks or recreation. Most dams, The proposal submitted by Weston unless modified, are impassable by fish. Solutions, Inc. pledged matching in- Tide gates keep freshwater from mixing with salt water, which often kind services toward this project and creates freshwater lakes above the tide gates and salt water marshes below. The documented the support of the Rahway salt water marshes can contain rare marsh wildlife and habitats. Like dams, River Association and the cooperation tide gates are often impassable. of both the City of Rahway, NJ, Union Concrete channeling of stream beds is used to control flooding or change County, and United Water, Inc. the course of the stream to allow for density in urban or suburban areas. Concrete channels increase the volume and velocity of streams preventing fish from Rahway River finding resting spots on their upstream journey. Culverts typically consist of large pipes built under roads at stream Water Supply Dam crossings to move stream flow under the roadway and prevent flooding and The Rahway River, located washouts of roads. Culverts can prevent fish from passing in dry weather within the Harbor Estuary region, or low tide, and concentrate the flow and increase stream velocity during is home to several dams that have wet weather. precluded historical seasonal spawning Fish restoration efforts may not be feasible nor desirable for some migrations of native fishes. The impediments. Poor water quality or stream conditions may not allow for Rahway River drains a watershed of successful spawning even when impediments are overcome. In some areas, roughly 41 square miles and is 24 miles natural barriers such as waterfalls or rapids prevent fish passage and indicate long, originating in Springfield, NJ and that fish migration may not have occurred historically. flowing to Linden, NJ where it drains (continued on page 6) 4 AUTUMN 2006 THE TIDAL EXCHANGE EstuaryLive a Success - Receives Rave Reviews Web-based live broadcast brings students and scientists to the marshes of Jamaica Bay

tudents in classrooms across and kudos flowed into the office during and the U.S. Environmental Protection the country visited the dynamic the weeks following the broadcast. Agency (EPA), was the start of Surban estuary of the NY-NJ More than 250 schools from 35 activities held for National Estuaries metropolitan region live via the Internet states, representing at least 15,000 Day on Saturday, September 30. when HEP hosted EstuaryLive on students, registered to participate in the H E P a c k n o w l e d g e s o n Friday, September 29. This web-based live virtual tour of Jamaica Bay. During the following page the time and broadcast from Jamaica Bay in Queens, the hour-long EstuaryLive broadcast, commitment of the many people and New York was sponsored by HEP and participating students submitted more institutions that made EstuaryLive involved broad participation from many than 300 email questions to our on-site such a success. Thanks to everyone for partners including students, teachers, field trip leaders. Viewers spanned making EstuaryLive such a rewarding scientists, national park rangers and grade levels 3 through 12, showing and valuable experience. ♦ educators , agency personnel, non-profit that the program appealed to a broad organizations and local community audience. groups. T h e N Y - N J Cathy Yuhas interviewing George With thunderstorms and rain Harbor Estuary was Frame during broadcast. Photo: Barbara Branca, New York Sea Grant clearing in the nick of time, the broadcast o n e o f f o u r s i t e s came off without a hitch under beautiful competitively selected skies along the southern shore of Big to host EstuaryLive. Egg Marsh in Jamaica Bay. Months The national program, of planning and preparation by HEP’s sponsored by the National Laura Bartovics and Cathy Yuhas paid Oceanic and Atmospheric off as compliments, congratulations, Administration (NOAA)

3rd Year Explore 2000 students, Hudson County Hauling seine ashore to check catch. Schools of Technology, Jersey City, NJ. Students display life Photo: Don Reipe, Photo: Barbara Branca, New York Sea Grant from Jamaica Bay. American Littoral Photo: Don Reipe, Society American Littoral Society

Students seining the bay at Big Egg Marsh. Photo: Don Reipe, American Littoral Society

Salt Marsh Students talk about the long tap root of a Island Laura Bartovics holding mic for students on air. sea rocket plant. Photo: Barbara Branca, New York Sea Grant P h o t o : D o n R e i p e , Restoration American Littoral Society Learn about the experimental restoration of Big Egg Marsh Did you miss EstuaryLive? by viewing an Watch the archived webcasts anytime on interactive animation on www.nature.nps.gov/jbi/ www.estuaries.gov restoration.htm. THE TIDAL EXCHANGE AUTUMN 2006 5 EstuaryLive September 29, 2006 Thanks to the Cast and Crew

Teachers & Students Dan Meharg, Gateway NRA Production Jennifer Porcheddu Walter Mugdan, US EPA Bob Gubar, RMG Satellite and sixteen 10th & 11th grade students Dan Mundy, Jamaica Bay Eco Watchers Kathy Gubar, RMG Satellite Beach Channel High School Fred Mushacke, NYS DEC Bill Lovin, Marine Grafics Rockaway Park NY Bob Nyman, US EPA Brad Kaplan, Camera Dorothy Peteet, Lamont-Doherty Dale Dexter, Camera John Ponticorvo Don Riepe, American Littoral Society Don Mercz, Audio and fourteen 3rd year students Mark Ringenary, Gateway NRA Joseph Di Mattia, Stay Tuned Explore 2000 Liz Strom, Gateway NRA Martin Lucas, Stay Tuned Hudson County Schools of Technology Dave Taft, Gateway NRA Cheong-Hyun Lee, Stay Tuned Jersey City NJ Jennifer Wolff, Gateway NRA Cathy Yuhas, NJ Sea Grant National Coordination On-Camera Nancy Laurson, US EPA Melissa Alvarez, US ACE Behind-the-scenes Atziri Ibanez, NOAA Laura Bartovics, NY Sea Grant Joel Banslaben, CMRC Becky Weidman, NERRA Lisa Eckert, Gateway NRA Barbara Branca, NY Sea Grant George Frame, Gateway NRA Mike Byer, Gateway NRA Thanks Also to: Brian Harris, NJMSC Micky Cohen, American Littoral Society Claire Antonucci, NJMSC Alanah Heffez, SCA Intern Kim Estes-Fradis, NYC DEP Paul Focazio, NYSea Grant Nordica Holochuck, NY Sea Grant Chris Smith, Council on Env. NYC Kezi Barry, Stay Tuned Geri Kobryn - Blatter, Gateway NRA Mark Strang, SCA Intern Kim Kosko, NJMSC Kathy Krause, Gateway NRA Kim Tripp, Jamaica Bay Institute Jennifer May, US EPA John Lancos, Gateway NRA Carol Williams, Gateway NRA Jeanette Parker, Gateway NRA John McLaughlin, NYC DEP Cortney Worrall, NEIWPCC Funded by EPA and NOAA A Victory for Habitat in the Harbor Estuary Wetlands in Acquired for Protection HEP’s Priority Acquisition Site AK13 - Neck Creek EP is pleased to report that preserved as the result of a 2002 Shore Expressway from Meredith another HEP acquisition site Consent Decree with the former Mobil Woods Park. The City of New York Hhas been acquired and will Oil Corporation negotiated by the EPA will take over responsibility for its thereby be protected for its habitat and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the protection. Ultimately, the land will and value to the health of the Harbor Eastern District of New York. be accessible to the public. Estuary. In July 2006, EPA announced The tract, located on the western This HEP Priority Habitat that an ecologically critical 16-acre shore of Staten Island at the intersection Acquisition Site was featured in tract of tidal wetlands in northwest of the and Neck Creek near the Summer 2004 issue of Staten Island (Neck Creek) will be Meredith Avenue, is across the West The Tidal Exchange. ♦ HEP Awards Planning Funds for Idlewild Park Wetlands Restoration he Harbor Estuary Program, to complete design drawings and of Environmental Conservation working with New England develop and administer construction (NYSDEC) for restoration, protection, TInterstate Water Pollution documents for a wetland restoration and increased public access to this site. Control Commission, has awarded a within Idlewild Park on Jamaica However, the NYSDEC-funded work $30,000 conceptual restoration grant Bay. Approximately $340,000 of can not proceed until the tasks that to the Eastern Queens Alliance, Inc environmental benefit funds have HEP will be funding are complete. ♦ (EQA) for work at Idlewild Park in been set aside for this project by Queens. EQA will use the funds the New York State Department 6 AUTUMN 2006 THE TIDAL EXCHANGE

Fish Ladders No Fish Jumping ? (from page 3) Unlike many fish ladders found in the Pacific Northwest, both the into the Arthur Kill, a tidal estuary. Alaska Steeppass and Vertical Slot The most downstream obstruction ladders in the Northeast are designed on the Rahway River is the Rahway for fish that have no jumping capability Water Supply Dam operated by United such as alewives, blueback herring and Water, Inc. The dam is located near two American . Though this means Blueback Herring, aestivalis HEP habitat restoration sites (AK3J we won’t see fish jumping upstream, Image from US Fish and Wildlife Service and AK3K) immediately south of the Union County Rahway River Park. The primary function of the Rahway Water Supply Dam is as the name implies, for water supply for the city of Rahway. Target Fish Species Based on the literature, the Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus Gizzard Shad, Dorosoma cepedianum primary suspected species targeted for Image from US Fish and Wildlife Service Image from US Fish and Wildlife Service upstream passage at the Rahway River Water Supply Dam are the following: • alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus Fish Ladders he Vertical Slot ladder, or • blueback herring, step pool, weir design ladder Alosa aestivalis Tis constructed on site and consists of baffles spaced evenly • gizzard shad, along the length of the ladder, Dorosoma cepedianum often with vertical slots within the baffles. The baffles create pools of • white perch, water while the slots allow for fish Morone Americana to pass up through the baffles. The • American eel, pools and eddies that are created provide more slowly flowing water Anguilla rostrata for fish to rest in as they make their Alewife and blueback herring are way up the ladder. An important collectively referred to as river herring feature of the Vertical Slot ladder is due to their similarity in appearance, that the baffles can be removed and Vertical Slot Fish Ladder Design replaced, allowing for more control Image from Odeh, M. ed. 1999. home range, and life histories. River of the flow to aid fish passage when Innovations in fish passage technology. herring, gizzard shad, and white perch water volumes are higher or lower American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland are all anadromous fish species (i.e., than normal. The removable baffles also allow the fish ladder to be closed when adults spawn in freshwater; juveniles fish are not migrating, which provides for better water control at the dam site. migrate to marine environments where they grow to sexual maturity); whereas he Alaska Steeppass fish American eel are catadromous (adults ladder is a pre-fabricated spawn in the marine environment; the Taluminum chute that can young migrate to freshwater habitats be designed and built to match the features of a particular where they grow to sexual maturity). site. This type of ladder is River herring and gizzard shad installed on-site with limited are members of the family Clupeidae modification of the ladder (herrings and shads). In New Jersey, required. The steeppass design adult herring migrate from the ocean consists of vanes along the to freshwater spawning areas from sides and bottom that point up and at angles towards the flow early spring through early summer. Alaska Steeppass Fish Ladder Design After hatching, young-of-the-year Image from Odeh, M. ed. 1999. of water. The vanes create fish typically remain in freshwater Innovations in fish passage technology. turbulence and reduce the water American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland velocity while keeping enough nursery habitats for several months water flowing down the ladder prior to migrating to estuarine and for fish to swim through. If the vanes were not in place, the steady unaltered flow eventually marine environments to of water would not provide enough volume for the migrating fish to pass up the grow and mature. After reaching ladder. The Alaska Steeppass ladder is particularly effective for small dams or sexual maturity, the adults return to remote locations as the ladder can be easily installed on site. their natal streams to spawn. THE TIDAL EXCHANGE AUTUMN 2006 7

we may still be able to watch the including anadromous fish passage fish migrate. With some additional restoration, are currently being planning, both fish ladders being conducted elsewhere within the HEP Awards considered for the Rahway River could Rahway River watershed by the United be designed to include viewing stations States Army Corps of Engineers, Grants to to allow people to see the ladder and, at United States Fish and the right time and place, the migrating Wildlife Service, the City of Rahway 10 Partners fish. Educational enhancements such and other stakeholders such as the as these may be sponsored by a local or Rahway River Association. One regional for-profit organization. particular restoration project is for 3 Estuary currently being conducted on the Future Steps Robinson Branch of the Rahway Stewardship In order to further evaluate River. As part of a $1.1 million both fish ladder designs and develop dollar restoration and improvement Projects a conceptual design plan, a number project, a fish ladder has been installed of future steps were identified in at the Milton Lake Dam to aid in s part of a new initiative to the feasibility study. One potential the migration of white perch and support regional partnerships limitation, the presence and location gizzard shad to their historical Aand promote stewardship of buried underground utilities spawning grounds. ♦ within the estuary, HEP established a within the path of the proposed fish Stewardship Grant Program in 2006. ladder, was identified during the Mark Jaworski is a Client Service The first round of grants awarded evaluation. Other data gaps to be Manager with Weston Solutions, Inc. will support the work of ten partner addressed include the need for detailed Mark has been a long time advocate of organizations with a total of $94,700 biological and habitat information, ecological restoration projects within in funding for three regional projects. specifically pertaining to populations the Harbor and has been an active For more information, visit www. and distribution of anadromous and member of the HEP Habitat Work harborestuary.org/stewardship.htm. catadromous fish species that may Group since 1999. potentially utilize the fish ladder. New York/New Jersey In addition, more data is needed to Ryan Brown, a Senior Scientist with Harbor Education Program confirm that sufficient spawning Weston Solutions, Inc., has been the lead Partners habitat upstream of the dam exists, fisheries biologist on numerous fisheries Brooklyn Center for the and whether habitat enhancements are and aquatic habitat investigations and Urban Environment necessary or feasible. was responsible for conducting the fish New Jersey Marine Sciences Similar restoration efforts, passage feasibility evaluation. Consortium Funding: $20,000

Important New Jersey CSO Friends of the Estuary Partners Legislation Enacted Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions Dan Zeppenfeld Council on the Environment of New York City ew Jersey recently enacted sewer systems as required pursuant Future City Inc. legislation, Assembly Bill No. to the New Jersey Pollutant Discharge New York Academy of Sciences N4563, signed into law as PL 2005, Elimination System Permits issued New York City Soil and Water c. 301, that appropriates $30,000,000 by the Department. The Legislation Conservation District to the New Jersey Department of also provides $24,180,000 for the Funding: $45,000 Environmental Protection to provide purpose of financing up to 20% of the project construction costs grants to local government units for Increasing Harbor wastewater treatment system projects. for wastewater treatment system The New Jersey Combined Sewer projects. The moneys will be used Stewardship through Overflow (CSO) Control Program for a wide variety of wet weather Oyster Restoration in will benefit significantly from this water quality improvement projects New York City action. The legislation provides a including separate sanitary and storm Partners total of $3,000,000 for 24 entities to water systems and combined sewer The River Project fund up to 20 percent of the cost for systems and non-point source pollution NY/NJ Baykeeper the development and evaluation of abatement. ♦ New York Harbor School pathogen control alternatives and cost Dan Zeppenfeld is with the NJ Dept. Funding: $29,770 performance analyses for combined of Environmental Protection. 8 AUTUMN 2006 THE TIDAL EXCHANGE The American Eel Anguilla rostrata ne of the most fascinating species that resides and travels in and out of the New York – New Jersey OHarbor Estuary is the American eel. American eel larvae start their lives in the Sargasso Sea, the slow moving, more saline ocean area near Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean. Through several life stages the eels eventually return to the estuaries and freshwaters found from Greenland to the north coast of South America. The unique nature of this species and general decline in abundance since the 1970s makes the American eel a key species of the harbor estuary. American Eel, Anguilla rostrata. American eel were once extremely abundant in the lower Courtesy of NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Hudson River and commercially important in area and elsewhere in the estuary. They are important to many ethnic cuisines and are a popular live bait for . The commercial eel fishery was closed in the mid 1970s within the Hudson River and adjacent industrialized tributaries because the eels were excessively contaminated by PCBs and other toxic organic substances. Consumption advisories have been issued by both NJ and NY for recreational fisheries. Unlike anadromous species which spawn in freshwater and migrate to salt water, the American eel is a catadromous fish species, migrating as adults from freshwater to spawn in salt water, and is the only catadromous species of the harbor estuary. After spawning the American eel resides and matures in the Hudson River, Rahway River, and other tidally influenced water bodies of the harbor estuary, and beyond. After hatching, American eel begin their migration as larvae, eventually developing into small transparent eels called “glass eels” by the time they reach the continental shelf. Glass eels begin to darken and can then be found in a wide range of coastal-estuarine habitats often in submerged aquatic vegetation. Young females migrate into freshwaters where they stay and feed for 7-30 years as yellow eels. When they mature they migrate downstream to the ocean to become “silver” eels and join the males going to their spawning grounds. The smaller males tend to stay in more saline water most of their life and can take up to 12 years to mature. During harsh winters the eels will move to deeper waters where they may burrow in the mud. These eels are reported to be very sedentary and keep within a home range. If this includes toxic organic chemical contaminated sediments, this can enhance their uptake of contaminants. Many scientists believe that tidal creek mouths and upland freshwater streams are important habitat for this species. ♦ This article was adapted from a key species profile written for HEP by Frank Steimle, National Marine Fisheries Service.

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