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Basics of the Aircraft Cabin Environment Enable a Hygienic Environment and Contaminant Control

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Basics of the Aircraft Cabin Environment Enable a Hygienic Environment and Contaminant Control Use Tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' for Presentation Title - Siglum - Reference Month 200X CAPSCA-Europe Meeting, Bern 18-21 June 2013 Basics of the aircraft cabin environment Enable a hygienic environment and contaminant control Presented by Dr Joerg CREMERS from Airbus Operations GmbH Expert Cabin Aeromedicine, Health & Comfort Overview Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene Cabin Environment Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food System Potable water System Design & architecture supply Interfaces Contamination Food cooling control Waste water requirements & technologies Disposal Pandemics Page 2 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Air Supply System Architecture The Air supply system has three main functions: supply air and pollutant removal; pressurization of the aircraft; temperature control and cooling of technical equipment Page 3 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Air Purity and Contaminant Control Outside air Ozone (during cruise) VOC Odours (during ground operation) Converter + Catalytic converters for depletion of Ozone / VOC Ozone Pathogens outside air: adiabatic compression in engine Remover Pure Air Pure Pathogens inside: HEPA filters, also odours PACKs = Conditioned, filtered, pure air = Passenger well-being Air conditioning HEPA* Particles free Gaseous** Cabin air no odour Filter air Filter * HEPA : High Efficiency Particulate Air filter * VOC : Volatile Organic Compounds; ** Option on A330/A340 only Page 4 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Use Tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' for Presentation Title - Siglum - Reference Air Ventilation aspects in Relation to Pandemics Risk of virus transmission is minimized by avoiding longitudinal flow, use of HEPA filters, low humidity of cabin air (5-15 %). Studies [1], [2] indicate that proximity, specifically in the few rows in front of the index case, is a major factor in the transmission. [1] Valway S, Watson J, Bisgard C, Scudeller L, Espinal M, Raviglione M(1998) Tuberculosis and Air Travel: Guidelines for Prevention and Control, WHO, Geneva. [2]. Olsen SJ, Chang HL, Cheung TY, Tang AF, Fisk TL, Ooi SP, Kuo HW, Jiang DD, Chen KT, Lando J, Hsu KH, Chen TJ, Dowell SF (2003), New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, USA Page 5 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene Cabin Environment Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food System Potable water System Design & architecture supply Interfaces Contamination Food cooling control Waste water requirements & technologies Disposal Pandemics Page 6 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Potable water system architecture Lavatories & Galleys Compressor Ground Water Pressure Tanks Connection Water treatment module (A350 XWB only) Service Panel Page 7 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. A350 Two barrier water treatment: how it works Function A: UV - Disinfection of the upload water flow The A350 water treatment system provides an effective first Barrier against external contamination during water upload Function B: Continuous UV - water treatment with full circulation, that: - guards the water from internal (re-)contamination within the system - provides a second barrier that gives hygienic system robustness Benefit: Decreased system maintenance costs by significant prolongation of the maintenance-disinfection interval Page 8 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Waste water system architecture Lavatories & Galleys Waste Tanks Vacuum Generators Drain Masts Service Panel Overboard Vents Page 9 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Waste water system description The waste disposal system is composed of: - the toilet system, -the waste water drain-system. The toilet system discharges the waste from the toilets and the Galley Waste Disposal Units (GWDUs) into the waste tanks. Vacuum generators create the necessary vacuum on the waste tanks to ensure the waste flow. The toilet system servicing is carried out from the waste service panel. The waste water drain-system discharges overboard the waste water from the galley sinks and the lavatory washbasins through heated drain masts. The control and indication of the waste tanks (and potable water tanks) inside the cabin is done via the FAP (Flight Attendant Panel). Page 10 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Water/Waste System: Maintenance Aspects For Maintenance, Service (Filling/Draining) & Disinfection the Safety Procedures in the Aircraft Maintenance Manual have to be considered ! Page 11 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene Cabin Environment Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food System Potable water System Design & architecture supply Interfaces Contamination Food cooling control Waste water requirements & technologies Disposal Pandemics Page 12 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Galleys: Wet or Dry Type Wet Galleys: used to store and prepare food and drinks connected to potable and waste water, air extraction, cabin ventilation and power supply (Air from Galley & toilet area is discharged overboard (no recirculation)) Dry galleys: not connected to any system and are used for storage Wet & dry galleys are often cooled by a supplemental cooling system (ATA 21-57) Page 13 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Galley Cooling Requirements Proper Cooling of Food is not yet part of Airworthiness Requirements No explicit FAR or JAR requirement yet Local rules of each country in which airline certifies the aircraft apply The airlines expect the fulfillment of these local rules Before 1997 Handbook on Sanitation of Airlines, Publication No. 308, (1982 Reprint) which includes 1) Sanitary Construction of Aircraft Galleys and Galley Components, September, 1982 Reprint was setting a global standard of 7 °C (45°F) 1997 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code explicitly requested 5 °C (41°F) 1997 In response to the FDA Food Code the “Arrête du 29 septembre 1997 fixant les conditions d´hygiène applicables dans les établissements de restauration collective a caractère social” of France asked for 4 °C (39°F) This is expected to become the European standard in the Airline Community Page 14 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Methods of Supplemental Cooling Passive Cooling Methods: “No work done” Dry Ice: Heat is absorbed via sublimation of CO2 , Cooling effect typically lasts in 4 hours, no control possible, commonly used in S/A Active Cooling Methods: “Work done” Heat Flow High Low Temperature Temperature Work Primary Loop Cooling: Air Chiller, Wine Chiller, Freezer etc. Secondary Loop Cooling: Remote Chiller System and Supplemental Cooling System Page 15 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. ConfidentialSupplemental and proprietary document. Cooling Systems - EYVCS Primary Loop Cooling Principle: Generate cold at locations where cooling is needed! Air Ducts Chilled Heat Sink Heat Unit Cold Generation Cold Consumption Standalone units (decentralized cooling) Cabin air is used as heat sink Transport of air to big distances is not feasible (pressure losses, big duct diameters (such as 100~150mm) Alternative is Secondary Loop Cooling: transportation over longer distances with liquid loops in centralized system, cabin or outside air as heat sink Page 16 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. ConfidentialSupplemental and proprietary document. Cooling Systems - EYVCS Trolley Cooling Principles Air Air Over Through Air Over Air Through Advantages • Up to 50% less cooling demand per • Fast pull down capability trolley • No direct contact to Air Flow • Thermal Comfort in galleys is better Disadvantages • Slow pull down capabilities • Insufficient thermal insulation of trolleys • Less thermal comfort/cold trolley surfaces • Heavy Condensation on trolleys Page 17 Supplemental© AIRBUS CoolingOperations GmbHSystems. All rights - EYVCSreserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Summary Public Health as well as internal requirements are considered for the design of aircraft environmental systems to establish a good level of hygiene External sources (e.g. water supply) and interfaces (e.g. catering cooling chain) to be considered to prevent contamination An overview about the aircraft design of air, water/waste and galley systems has been given Page 18 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Use Tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' for Presentation Title - Siglum - Reference Month 200X © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS Operations GmbH will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks. Page 19 © AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. .
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