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Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online following the links to Publications/Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Joy Delhanty. 9 Figure 3 (a) The karyotype of a phenotypically normal woman and (b) family pedigree, showing three generations with inherited translocation. -
British Medical Journal
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Edited by HUGH CLEGG,. M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P. VOLUME II 1947 JUTLY TO DECEMBER Published at the Office of the British Medical Association, Tavistock Square, London, W.CJ1, and Printed by Fisher, Knight & Co., Ltd., Gainsborough Press, St. Albans -------n KEY TO DATES AND PAGES The following table, g¶ving a key to the dates of issue and the page numbers of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL and SUPPLEMENT in the second volume for 1947, may irove convenient to readers in search of a reference. Serial Date of Journal Supplement No. Issue Pages Pages 4513 July 5 1- 42 1- 6 4514 ,, 12 43- 82 7- 12 4515 ,, 19 83- 120 13- 18 4516 ,, 26 121- 160 19- 24 4517 Aug. 2 161- 196 25- 48 4518 ,, 9 197- 238 49- 52 4519 16 239- 282 53- 56 4520 23 283- 318 57- 58 4521 30 319- 358 59- 64 4522 Sept. 6 .359- 404 4523 13 405- 440 65- 69 4524 20 441- 476 70- 76 4525 27 477- 516 4526 Oct 4 517- 558 77- 84 4527 ,, 11 559- 598 85- 90 4528 18 599- 640 91- 94 4529 ,, 25 ,'641- 680 95- 98 4530 Nov. 1 681- 718 99-102 4531 8 719- 758 103-114 4532 ,,15 759- 806 115-118 4533 22 807- 854 119-122 4534 29 855- 896 123-128 4535 Dec. 6 897- 042 129-136 4536 13 943- 986 137-140 4537 20 987-1018 141-164 4538 27 1019-1066 165-172 INDEX TO VOLUME II FOR 1947 READERS in search of a particular subject will find it useful to bear in mind that the references are in several cases distributed under two or more separate headings-for example, Brain and Cerebral; Heart and Cardiac; Liver andf Hepatic; Renal and Kidney; Cancer and Carcinoma; Child and Infant; Goitre and Thyroid. -
1942(March): HSC Subcommittee Meets and Makes Recommendations
Establishing the Vision, and the Reality in 1945 A Brief History of the Institute of Child Health 1852: The Hospital for 1866 1910: Postgraduate Medical Background Sick Children (HSC). courses at HSC expanded • Lectures for undergraduates and 1853 Pupils at the hospital for bedside tuition. postgraduates in the hospital. Smallpox vaccination 1878 made1854 compulsory • The Charles West School of Nursing established at The Hospital for Charles West publishes his book Sick Children. Florence“How Nightingaleto nurse sick in children” the Crimea; 1857-61 1884-87 Pasteur describes origin of bacteria; • Lecture theatre and course prospectus at The Hospital for Sick Children. birth 1880-83of germ theory of infection 1895 Pasteur develops vaccines against • The Hospital for Sick Children Medical Koch discovers tubercule bacillus chicken pox, cholera and anthrax. School established; approved by and cholera bacillus the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons First Dean; Dr F.G. Penrose. Founder — Charles West 1900 First Dean — Dr F.G. Penrose By the turn of the century progress infection, its channels and preventative 1941: Board of Management of HSC began to discuss “new concept” of preventative medicine applied to children. included identification of causes of and Koch), Anaesthesia (Lister), methodsRadiography of containment (Reuntgen) (Pasteur 1942 (March): HSC Subcommittee meets and makes recommendations 1905 1. Preventative and curative work c) Practice of preventative with a Dean, a Professor, • Applied Psychology Bordet and Gengou isolate should be concerted by closer whooping cough bacillus cooperation between public health hospital is a convenient centre Puberty and Delinquency. services and children’s hospitals. methods for which a children’s part-time teachers and Home discipline, School life, e) Preventative paediatrics to be infant welfare, special clinics accommodation. -
Ninety Years of Service
NINETY YEARS OF SERVICE HISTORY OF SOUTHAMPTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 1884-1974 By David A.J. Williamson. M.D. ,F.R.C.P. ,D.C.H. Honorary Consultant Paediatrician April 1990 CONTENTS Foreword I. Preface II,“Voluntary” Days. III.In the N,H.S. IV,Special Departments. V. Staff, VI.League of Friends. VII.Paediatrics in Wessex. VIII. Memories. IX. The Last Lap. Appendix I. Hospital Staff. Appendix II. The Work Load, Analysis of Admissions and Deaths for the Year 1931 FORWARD by I.C.S.Normand. D.M. ,F.R.C.P. Professor of Child Health. David Williamson’s fascinating account of Southampton Children’s Hospital will be a source of nostalgia for all who knew or worked at Winchester Road but it is far from being just a nostalgic memoir. To many it may come as a surprise to learn how Southampton for so long has kept in the forefront of ideas and practice in the care of sick children. Above all we read a story of extraordinary professional devotion and commitment from a staff of minuscule size by modern standards but who, because of their common ideals, achieved so much for their small patients with such limited resource behind them. It is now fifteen years since the Children’s Hospital closed but the tale of continuing expansion and innovation in services has not changed. In particular the Children’s Unit increasingly functions as a tertiary and research centre as befits its position as the only University hospital along the South Coast. Inevitably some of the intimacy has gone but there still remains a real sense of the happy family bound together in its pursuit of excellence for the care of sick children. -
Papers of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair (D HS)
Museum of English Rural Life Papers of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair (D HS) Records of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair covering his early life, academic career and work on the importance of human nutrition. Includes papers relating to early life, study at university and early career 1910-1936; papers relating to research including reprints of published articles, conference papers, copies of speeches, records of Eskimo study 1979, papers relating to Multiple Sclerosis and fluoridation research; papers relating to teaching at University of Oxford and Magdalen College 1934-80 and University of Reading 1970-80 including lecture notes and handouts; correspondence with academics and industry 1930s-1990; papers relating to Lady Place including plans and sale of contents 1934-94; books edited or authored by Sinclair; records of the Sinclair family 1800s-1990 including accounts, memoirs, letters, diaries and photographs; records of the Oxford Nutrition Survey (ONS) 1941- 44 relating to UK and overseas activities including correspondence, notes, papers relating to clinical examinations, survey forms, cope-chat cards, test results, photographs, reports on individual studies, notebooks, Hollerith cards and notes on visits to Netherlands and Germany for Control Commission for Germany; records of the Laboratory of Human Nutrition (LHN) 1945-58 including correspondence, memoranda and committee minutes, records of experiments and results and papers relating to closure; records of the International Institute of Human Nutrition (IIHN) 1972-1994 including annual accounts, correspondence, papers relating to staff, minutes, memoranda and staff notices; records of the Association for the Study of Human Nutrition, later known as the International Nutrition Foundation (INF) 1972- 94 including minutes, correspondence, papers relating to closure after Sinclair’s death; records of Courtenay Nurseries 1942-90 including accounts and correspondence. -
Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life
MEDICINE MAKES A WONDERFUL LIFE William Arthur Cochrane, OC, MD, FRCPC, FACP, DABP, D.Sc. (hon), LLD (hon). To prevent disease, to relieve suffering, and to heal the sick – this is our work. Sir William Osler Copyright ©2019. All rights reserved by the authors. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life – William Arthur Cochrane, MD. Lampard, Robert, (1940-), Kermode-Scott, Barbara. Includes photos, an index, bibliography, and an extensive appendix. ISBN 978-0-9810382-5-4 1. Cochrane, William A., (1926-2017) Alberta – Calgary – History, Biography. 2. Dean (Education) – Alberta – Calgary – History, Biography. 3. President (Education) – Alberta – Calgary – History. 4. President (Corporate) – Canada – Connaught Laboratories – History. I. Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life – William Arthur Cochrane MD. II. Lampard, Robert (1940), Kermode-Scott, Barbara. First printing 2018 Written and edited by Barbara Kermode-Scott and Robert Lampard MD. Published by Robert Lampard 12-26540 Highway 11 Red Deer County, Alberta T4E IA3 Dust jacket - Dr W. A. Cochrane, 3rd President of the University of Calgary (1974-1978). Reprinted with the permission of the Cochrane Family. Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................ ii CHAPTER ONE: The boy is father to the man: The boy growing up .................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER TWO: In youth all doors open -
Dubowitz, Victor: Transcript of an Audio Interview (27-Sep-2016)
History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group School of History, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS website: www.histmodbiomed.org AUDIO INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (27-Sep-2016) Interviewer: Tilli Tansey Transcriber: Debra Gee Editor: Tilli Tansey Date of publication: 03-Apr-2017 Date and place of interview: 27-Sep-2016; Queen Mary University of London Publisher: Queen Mary University of London Collection: History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) Reference: e2017110 Number of pages: 22 DOI: 10.17636/01022366 Acknowledgments: The project management of Mr Adam Wilkinson and the technical support of Mr Alan Yabsley are gratefully acknowledged. The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity (no. 210183). The current interview has been funded by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award entitled “Makers of modern biomedicine: testimonies and legacy” (2012-2017; awarded to Professor Tilli Tansey). Citation: Tansey E M (intvr); Tansey E M (ed) (2017) Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (27-Sep-2016). History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection), item e2017110. London: Queen Mary University of London. Note: Audio interviews are conducted following standard oral history methodology, and have received ethical approval (reference QMREC 0642). Related material has been deposited in the Wellcome Library. © The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2017 History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) - Dubowitz, V e2017110 | 2 Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (25-Apr-2016)* Biography: Professor Victor Dubowitz BSc MB ChB MD PhD FRCP FRCPCH (b. 1931) graduated in medicine in Cape Town (1954), followed by residencies in medicine and surgery at Groote Schuur Hospital. -
The James Spence Medal
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.52.2.85 on 1 February 1977. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1977, 52, 85-86 The James Spence Medal At the suggestion of the Academic Board of the British Paediatric Association, the Archives will in future mark the award of the Association's James Spence Medal by publishing a photograph of the recipient, the text of the citation given by the President of the BPA, and a brief biographical note. It caused some embarrassment to the present senior Editor of the Archives, but great pleasure to the junior Editor, that the first Medallist to be recorded in this way should be Dr. Douglas Gairdner. An admirable, brief pen-portrait of Sir James Spence (1892-1954) is given in the Looking back article by Donald Court (Archives, 1975, 50, 85). Below we list the James Spence medallists to date. R.J.R. 1960 Professor A. A. Moncrieff 1969 Dr. G. S. Dawes 1961 Professor R. A. McCance 1970 Professor D. V. Hubble 1963 Sir F. Macfarlane Burnet 1971 Dr. W. W. Payne 1964 Professor L. S. Penrose 1972 Dr. R. C. Mac Keith 1965 Dr. Cicely D. Williams 1973 Professor C. A. Clarke 1967 Professor R. R. A. Coombs 1974 Dr. J. Bowlby 1968 Dr. Mary D. Sheridan 1976 Dr. D. M. T. Gairdner Dr. D. W. Winnicott James Spence Medallist, 1976 During World War II he served in the RAMC with the rank of Major. In 1945 he was appointed as Douglas Montagu Temple first assistant in the paediatric department at New- Gairdner castle and worked under Professor J. -
The History of Newborn Resuscitation, 1929 to 1970
Learning to Breathe: The History of Newborn Resuscitation, 1929 to 1970. Rachel McAdams Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Glasgow Faculty of Law, Business and Social Science (October 2008) 2 Abstract The history of newborn resuscitation in the twentieth century presented thus far in the writings of practitioner-historians describes a ‘hands-off’ attitude to newborn care prior to the 1950s. These practioner-historians tend to recount a positivist narrative with the rapid expansion of newborn care after WWII and the eventual logical uptake of endotracheal intubation and positive pressure resuscitation as the most effective method for treating asphyxia neonatorum. This thesis challenges this positivist narrative my examining the resuscitation of the newborn in Britain and America during the interwar period through to the late 1960s. It uncovers a much more complex and non-linear narrative for the development of newborn resuscitation during the twentieth century, uncovering some interesting themes which the practitioner-histories have not addressed. These themes include the interactions between neonatal and fetal physiologists and their research with clinicians and clinical practice, and the role of new groups of clinicians, the paediatricians and anaesthetists, in newborn resuscitation during this period. Many of the practitioner-histories ridicule what they deem to be ‘failed’ resuscitation techniques, seeing them as ‘deveiations’ from the eventual widespread adoption of positive pressure methods. My analysis of both the clinical and scientific debates surrounding both the use of positive pressure methods and some of these ‘failed’ techniques provides a more complex and detailed story. Two techniques in particular, intragastric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen, provide useful case-studies to reflect on the factors which influenced the development of newborn resuscitation during the twentieth-century. -
Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2010) Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and development. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 39. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. -
'If We Are to Believe the Psychologists ...': Medicine, Psychoanalysis And
Med. Hist. (2019), vol. 63(1), pp. 61–81. c The Author 2018. Published by Cambridge University Press 2018 doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.63 ‘If We Are to Believe the Psychologists ::: ’: Medicine, Psychoanalysis and Breastfeeding in Britain, 1900–55 KATHARINA ROWOLD* Department of Humanities, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PH, UK Abstract: In 1942, the British Minister of Health commissioned a report from the newly established Advisory Committee on Mothers and Young Children into ‘What can be done to intensify the effort to secure more breast feeding of infants?’. To make their case, the members of the sub-committee put in charge of the report sought expert testimony on the benefits of breastfeeding. They consulted medical officers of health, maternity and child-welfare officers, health visitors, midwives, obstetricians, paediatricians and a physician in private practice. They also consulted five ‘psychologists’ (a contemporary umbrella term for psychologists, psychoanalysts and psychiatrists). It is not surprising that the committee turned to medical professionals, as infant feeding had long been an area of their expertise. However, seeking the views of ‘psychologists’ when establishing the benefits of breastfeeding marked a more innovative development, one which suggested that a shift in conceptualising the significance of breastfeeding was gathering pace. In the interwar period, psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists showed growing interest in early infancy. It led to an extensive psychoanalytic engagement with contemporary feeding advice disseminated by the medical profession. This article will explore the divergences and intersections of medical and psychoanalytic theories on breastfeeding in the first half of the twentieth century, concluding with a consideration of how medical ideas on breastfeeding had absorbed some of the contentions of ‘psy’-approaches to infant feeding by the post-war period. -
Great Ormond Street 50 Years Ago DOUGLAS GAIRDNER
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.63.10.1272 on 1 October 1988. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1988, 63, 1272-1275 Looking back Great Ormond Street 50 years ago DOUGLAS GAIRDNER I was appointed house physician at The Hospital for women. This attitude was compounded by the fact Sick Children in 1937. In retrospect I can see that I that he had to teach female medical students from was there at a very particular time in the hospital's the Royal Free Hospital at Great Ormond Street. history, because 1937 was to mark the end of an era. Furthermore he had had rooms in Lancaster Gate A decade or so before, the fame of Great Ormond when the building had been bought by London Street had depended on a generation of physicians University and turned into a female students' hostel. of the calibre of Still, Garrod, Batten, and Poynton. He was very fond of children, but his life and his But the staffing of the hospital and the way the work original work were devoted to genetics. His OBE on the medical side was carried out had changed but was awarded for his work in entomology; he was little in the 20 years between the wars. Change, President of the Royal Entomological Society, however, was afoot and by the following year, 1938, having made his name by cataloguing the Roths- the picture was at last beginning to alter, as will be child's collection of British moths, a genetic study. explained. In human genetics his Inherited Diseases of the Skin I was one of only two house physicians, and my and Appendages was a classic.