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Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online following the links to Publications/Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Joy Delhanty. 9 Figure 3 (a) The karyotype of a phenotypically normal woman and (b) family pedigree, showing three generations with inherited translocation. -
1942(March): HSC Subcommittee Meets and Makes Recommendations
Establishing the Vision, and the Reality in 1945 A Brief History of the Institute of Child Health 1852: The Hospital for 1866 1910: Postgraduate Medical Background Sick Children (HSC). courses at HSC expanded • Lectures for undergraduates and 1853 Pupils at the hospital for bedside tuition. postgraduates in the hospital. Smallpox vaccination 1878 made1854 compulsory • The Charles West School of Nursing established at The Hospital for Charles West publishes his book Sick Children. Florence“How Nightingaleto nurse sick in children” the Crimea; 1857-61 1884-87 Pasteur describes origin of bacteria; • Lecture theatre and course prospectus at The Hospital for Sick Children. birth 1880-83of germ theory of infection 1895 Pasteur develops vaccines against • The Hospital for Sick Children Medical Koch discovers tubercule bacillus chicken pox, cholera and anthrax. School established; approved by and cholera bacillus the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons First Dean; Dr F.G. Penrose. Founder — Charles West 1900 First Dean — Dr F.G. Penrose By the turn of the century progress infection, its channels and preventative 1941: Board of Management of HSC began to discuss “new concept” of preventative medicine applied to children. included identification of causes of and Koch), Anaesthesia (Lister), methodsRadiography of containment (Reuntgen) (Pasteur 1942 (March): HSC Subcommittee meets and makes recommendations 1905 1. Preventative and curative work c) Practice of preventative with a Dean, a Professor, • Applied Psychology Bordet and Gengou isolate should be concerted by closer whooping cough bacillus cooperation between public health hospital is a convenient centre Puberty and Delinquency. services and children’s hospitals. methods for which a children’s part-time teachers and Home discipline, School life, e) Preventative paediatrics to be infant welfare, special clinics accommodation. -
Editors of the Archives
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.61.10.979 on 1 October 1986. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1986, 61, 979-984 Editors of the Archives Hugh Thursfield and Reginald Miller 1926-33 Charles Harris and Alan Moncrieff 1934-38 Alan Moncrieff and Richard Ellis 1939-45 Richard Ellis 1946-47 Richard Ellis and Philip Evans 1948-49 Philip Evans and Ian Cathie 1950-54 Ian Cathie and Richard Dobbs 1954-63 Richard Dobbs and Douglas Gairdner 1964-69 Douglas Gairdner and Roger Robinson 1969-79 Roger Robinson and Roy Meadow 1979-82 Roy Meadow and Bernard Valman 1982- Hugh Thursfield (1869-1944) From Trinity College, Oxford, where he took a First in Mods he went to St Bartholomew's Hospital and copyright. became a member of the staff. He was demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy for many years and published a popular book 'Medical Morbid Anatomy and Pathology'. Promotion at Bart's was apt to be slow and he was still an Assistant Physician in charge of the Children's Department when he retired. All his life he was a student of the Classics. To him the Odyssey was the finest story in the world and one that a wise man should read most nights for a while http://adc.bmj.com/ before going to bed. He played a major part in the production of a great paediatric textbook by Gar- rod, Batten, and Thursfield. Anyone in search of information would find that he could generally supply the answer, whether it concerned the signs of the Zodiac or the dates of all the editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. -
Ninety Years of Service
NINETY YEARS OF SERVICE HISTORY OF SOUTHAMPTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 1884-1974 By David A.J. Williamson. M.D. ,F.R.C.P. ,D.C.H. Honorary Consultant Paediatrician April 1990 CONTENTS Foreword I. Preface II,“Voluntary” Days. III.In the N,H.S. IV,Special Departments. V. Staff, VI.League of Friends. VII.Paediatrics in Wessex. VIII. Memories. IX. The Last Lap. Appendix I. Hospital Staff. Appendix II. The Work Load, Analysis of Admissions and Deaths for the Year 1931 FORWARD by I.C.S.Normand. D.M. ,F.R.C.P. Professor of Child Health. David Williamson’s fascinating account of Southampton Children’s Hospital will be a source of nostalgia for all who knew or worked at Winchester Road but it is far from being just a nostalgic memoir. To many it may come as a surprise to learn how Southampton for so long has kept in the forefront of ideas and practice in the care of sick children. Above all we read a story of extraordinary professional devotion and commitment from a staff of minuscule size by modern standards but who, because of their common ideals, achieved so much for their small patients with such limited resource behind them. It is now fifteen years since the Children’s Hospital closed but the tale of continuing expansion and innovation in services has not changed. In particular the Children’s Unit increasingly functions as a tertiary and research centre as befits its position as the only University hospital along the South Coast. Inevitably some of the intimacy has gone but there still remains a real sense of the happy family bound together in its pursuit of excellence for the care of sick children. -
Papers of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair (D HS)
Museum of English Rural Life Papers of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair (D HS) Records of Hugh Macdonald Sinclair covering his early life, academic career and work on the importance of human nutrition. Includes papers relating to early life, study at university and early career 1910-1936; papers relating to research including reprints of published articles, conference papers, copies of speeches, records of Eskimo study 1979, papers relating to Multiple Sclerosis and fluoridation research; papers relating to teaching at University of Oxford and Magdalen College 1934-80 and University of Reading 1970-80 including lecture notes and handouts; correspondence with academics and industry 1930s-1990; papers relating to Lady Place including plans and sale of contents 1934-94; books edited or authored by Sinclair; records of the Sinclair family 1800s-1990 including accounts, memoirs, letters, diaries and photographs; records of the Oxford Nutrition Survey (ONS) 1941- 44 relating to UK and overseas activities including correspondence, notes, papers relating to clinical examinations, survey forms, cope-chat cards, test results, photographs, reports on individual studies, notebooks, Hollerith cards and notes on visits to Netherlands and Germany for Control Commission for Germany; records of the Laboratory of Human Nutrition (LHN) 1945-58 including correspondence, memoranda and committee minutes, records of experiments and results and papers relating to closure; records of the International Institute of Human Nutrition (IIHN) 1972-1994 including annual accounts, correspondence, papers relating to staff, minutes, memoranda and staff notices; records of the Association for the Study of Human Nutrition, later known as the International Nutrition Foundation (INF) 1972- 94 including minutes, correspondence, papers relating to closure after Sinclair’s death; records of Courtenay Nurseries 1942-90 including accounts and correspondence. -
Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life
MEDICINE MAKES A WONDERFUL LIFE William Arthur Cochrane, OC, MD, FRCPC, FACP, DABP, D.Sc. (hon), LLD (hon). To prevent disease, to relieve suffering, and to heal the sick – this is our work. Sir William Osler Copyright ©2019. All rights reserved by the authors. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life – William Arthur Cochrane, MD. Lampard, Robert, (1940-), Kermode-Scott, Barbara. Includes photos, an index, bibliography, and an extensive appendix. ISBN 978-0-9810382-5-4 1. Cochrane, William A., (1926-2017) Alberta – Calgary – History, Biography. 2. Dean (Education) – Alberta – Calgary – History, Biography. 3. President (Education) – Alberta – Calgary – History. 4. President (Corporate) – Canada – Connaught Laboratories – History. I. Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life – William Arthur Cochrane MD. II. Lampard, Robert (1940), Kermode-Scott, Barbara. First printing 2018 Written and edited by Barbara Kermode-Scott and Robert Lampard MD. Published by Robert Lampard 12-26540 Highway 11 Red Deer County, Alberta T4E IA3 Dust jacket - Dr W. A. Cochrane, 3rd President of the University of Calgary (1974-1978). Reprinted with the permission of the Cochrane Family. Medicine Makes a Wonderful Life Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................ ii CHAPTER ONE: The boy is father to the man: The boy growing up .................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER TWO: In youth all doors open -
Dubowitz, Victor: Transcript of an Audio Interview (27-Sep-2016)
History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group School of History, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS website: www.histmodbiomed.org AUDIO INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (27-Sep-2016) Interviewer: Tilli Tansey Transcriber: Debra Gee Editor: Tilli Tansey Date of publication: 03-Apr-2017 Date and place of interview: 27-Sep-2016; Queen Mary University of London Publisher: Queen Mary University of London Collection: History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) Reference: e2017110 Number of pages: 22 DOI: 10.17636/01022366 Acknowledgments: The project management of Mr Adam Wilkinson and the technical support of Mr Alan Yabsley are gratefully acknowledged. The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity (no. 210183). The current interview has been funded by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award entitled “Makers of modern biomedicine: testimonies and legacy” (2012-2017; awarded to Professor Tilli Tansey). Citation: Tansey E M (intvr); Tansey E M (ed) (2017) Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (27-Sep-2016). History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection), item e2017110. London: Queen Mary University of London. Note: Audio interviews are conducted following standard oral history methodology, and have received ethical approval (reference QMREC 0642). Related material has been deposited in the Wellcome Library. © The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2017 History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) - Dubowitz, V e2017110 | 2 Dubowitz, Victor: transcript of an audio interview (25-Apr-2016)* Biography: Professor Victor Dubowitz BSc MB ChB MD PhD FRCP FRCPCH (b. 1931) graduated in medicine in Cape Town (1954), followed by residencies in medicine and surgery at Groote Schuur Hospital. -
Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2010) Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and development. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 39. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. -
'If We Are to Believe the Psychologists ...': Medicine, Psychoanalysis And
Med. Hist. (2019), vol. 63(1), pp. 61–81. c The Author 2018. Published by Cambridge University Press 2018 doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.63 ‘If We Are to Believe the Psychologists ::: ’: Medicine, Psychoanalysis and Breastfeeding in Britain, 1900–55 KATHARINA ROWOLD* Department of Humanities, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PH, UK Abstract: In 1942, the British Minister of Health commissioned a report from the newly established Advisory Committee on Mothers and Young Children into ‘What can be done to intensify the effort to secure more breast feeding of infants?’. To make their case, the members of the sub-committee put in charge of the report sought expert testimony on the benefits of breastfeeding. They consulted medical officers of health, maternity and child-welfare officers, health visitors, midwives, obstetricians, paediatricians and a physician in private practice. They also consulted five ‘psychologists’ (a contemporary umbrella term for psychologists, psychoanalysts and psychiatrists). It is not surprising that the committee turned to medical professionals, as infant feeding had long been an area of their expertise. However, seeking the views of ‘psychologists’ when establishing the benefits of breastfeeding marked a more innovative development, one which suggested that a shift in conceptualising the significance of breastfeeding was gathering pace. In the interwar period, psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists showed growing interest in early infancy. It led to an extensive psychoanalytic engagement with contemporary feeding advice disseminated by the medical profession. This article will explore the divergences and intersections of medical and psychoanalytic theories on breastfeeding in the first half of the twentieth century, concluding with a consideration of how medical ideas on breastfeeding had absorbed some of the contentions of ‘psy’-approaches to infant feeding by the post-war period. -
Genetics & Health
GENETICS & HEALTH Compilation of edited interviews conducted by the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London Edited by E M Tansey and A Zarros Volume 2 2017 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2017 First published by Queen Mary University of London, 2017 The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 1 91019 5253 All volumes are freely available online at www.histmodbiomed.org Please cite as: Tansey E M, Zarros A. (eds) (2017) Genetics & Health. Voices of Modern Biomedicine, vol. 2. London: Queen Mary University of London. CONTENTS The History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) and the current volume; acknowledgments v Illustrations and credits vii Abbreviations ix Introduction Professor Sir David Weatherall xi Compilation of edited interviews 1 1: Bakker, Bert 2 2: Dubowitz, Victor 12 3: Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm 40 4: Harper, Peter 52 5: Hodgson, Shirley 56 6: MacLeod, Patrick 80 7: Neale, Kay 104 8: Pembrey, Marcus 124 Related resources 133 Index 137 THE HISTORY OF MODERN BIOMEDICINE INTERVIEWS (DIGITAL COLLECTION) AND THE CURRENT VOLUME The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group originated in 1990 as the Wellcome Trust’s History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group, which in October 2000 became a part of the Wellcome Trust’s Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. From October 2010 until June 2017 it was a part of the School of History, Queen Mary University of London, principally funded by a Strategic Award from the Wellcome Trust. -
Sick Children and Their Parents
Mary Lindsay MB FRCP FRCPsych FRCPCH(Hon) Born in Belfast in 1926, brought up in England, qualified Queens University Belfast in 1951. After several house jobs, did paediatrics at Hammersmith Hospital and was sent by Archie Norman to work under Dermod MacCarthy at Aylesbury and Amersham. He had been having mothers of young children coming in to Amersham Hospital for about a year when I arrived there in 1954 at the instigation of his ward sister Ivy Morris who had been a nanny before qualifying as a nurse at E G A Hospital. James Robertson from the Tavistock Clinic followed up his film A Two Year Old Goes to Hospital with Going to Hospital With Mother at Amersham. It is partly due to the influence of those two films and talking to Robertson and MacCarthy, who were supported by Wilfred Sheldon, that Platt was able to make a recommendation that mothers come into hospital with their young children. After five years of paediatrics, did three years in General Practice, three years in Adult Psychiatry, and one year in Child Psychiatry. I was appointed Consultant Child Psychiatrist in 1966 at Aylesbury, retiring from there in 1991. I then did about fifteen years as an expert witness in the Family Division of the Courts. I have recently felt I have a responsibility to use my own experience to reflect on the contact that children have had with their parents when they were sick, at home and in hospital, which is why I wrote what you are about to read, but have no idea what to do with it. -
Breastfeeding and Health Professionals in Britain, New Zealand and the United States, 1900–1970
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Medical History, 2005, 49: 179–196 Breastfeeding and Health Professionals in Britain, New Zealand and the United States, 1900–1970 LINDA BRYDER* Modern medical opinion is almost universally in favour of breastfeeding as the best food for newborn infants. Yet this was not always the case. American social historian Rima Apple has argued convincingly that medical attitudes in the United States undermined breastfeeding in the first half of the twentieth-century. She explains how the concept of ‘‘scientific motherhood’’, successfully promoted by the medical profession during the first half of the twentieth century, ‘‘fostered the acceptance of, when not the wholesale com- mitment to, bottle feeding under physician-supervision’’.1 In her recent book on breast- feeding in the United States, Jacqueline Wolf argues that while many doctors in the United States supported breastfeeding, they inadvertently undermined it by advocating routine feeding and by providing a viable alternative through milk formulas.2 Considering the experience of breastfeeding in two further environments, Britain and New Zealand, con- tributes to the discussion of the role of health professionals in promoting breastfeeding. Doctors in Britain and New Zealand did not promote the move from breast to bottle, as Apple found in America. Nor did they appear to undermine breastfeeding by their advo- cacy of routine feeding. The decline in breastfeeding occurred later than in America. It coincided with the new fashion for ‘‘demand feeding’’, and with a new movement to medicalize breastfeeding itself. A study of breastfeeding in different countries and over time indicates that the attitudes and advice of health professionals were significant factors in the success or otherwise of breastfeeding.