DOCSLIB.ORG

Sedimentary Record of Mesozoic Deformation and Inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, Northwest China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sedimentary Record of Mesozoic Deformation and Inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, Northwest China Geological Society of America Memoir 194 2001 Sedimentary record of Mesozoic deformation and inception of the Turpan-Hami basin, northwest China Todd J. Greene* Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-2115, USA Alan R. Carroll* Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Marc S. Hendrix* Department of Geology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA Stephan A. Graham* Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2115, USA Marwan A. Wartes* Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Oscar A. Abbink* Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ABSTRACT The Turpan-Hami basin is a major physiographic and geologic feature of north- west China, yet considerable uncertainty exists as to the timing of its inception, its late Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic history, and the relationship of its petroleum systems to those of the nearby Junggar basin. To address these issues, we examined the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary record in the Turpan-Hami basin through a series of outcrop and subsurface studies. Mesozoic sedimentary facies, regional un- conformities, sediment dispersal patterns, and sediment compositions within the Turpan-Hami and southern Junggar basins suggest that these basins were initially separated between Early Triassic and Early Jurassic time. Prior to separation, Upper Permian profundal lacustrine and fan-delta facies and Triassic coarse-grained braided-fluvial–alluvial facies were deposited across a contigu- ous Junggar-Turpan-Hami basin. Permian through Triassic facies were derived mainly from the Tian Shan to the south, as indicated by northward-directed paleocurrent di- rections. This is consistent with the sedimentary provenance of Triassic sandstone (mean & Qm29F29Lt42, Qp23Lvm49Lsm28, and Qm51P25K24) and conglomerate ( 32% granitic clasts) in the northern Turpan-Hami basin. We interpret a relative increase in quartz and feldspar concentration and a relative decrease in volcanic lithic grains in the northern Turpan-Hami basin to reflect unroofing in the Tian Shan and exposure of late Paleozoic granitoid rocks. In addition, two basinwide unconformities of Late Permian–Early Triassic and Early Triassic–middle-Late Triassic age attest to deformation within the Turpan-Hami basin and associated continued uplift and erosion of the Tian Shan. *E-mails: Greene, [email protected]; Carroll, carroll@geology. wisc.edu; Hendrix, [email protected]; Graham, [email protected]. edu; Wartes, [email protected]; Abbink, [email protected]. Greene, T.J., et al., 2001, Sedimentary record of Mesozoic deformation and inception of the Turpan-Hami basin, northwest China, in Hendrix, M.S., and Davis, G.A., eds., Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution of central Asia: From continental assembly to intracontinental deformation: Boulder, Colorado, Geologi- cal Society of America Memoir 194, p. 317–340. 317 318 T.J. Greene et al. By Early Jurassic time, the Turpan-Hami basin and the southern Junggar basin became partitioned by uplift of the Bogda Shan, a major spur of the Tian Shan. In contrast to the thoroughgoing northward-directed Permian-Triassic depositional systems, Lower through Middle Jurassic strata begin to reflect ponded coal-forming, lake-plain environ- ments within the Turpan-Hami basin. These strata contain paleocurrent indicators re- flecting flow off the intervening Bogda Shan. Abasinwide Lower Jurassic– Middle Jurassic unconformity in the Turpan-Hami basin suggests continued uplift and erosion of the Bogda Shan, consistent with a return to more lithic-rich sandstone and volcanic-rich conglomer- ate compositions. These sedimentary facies, paleocurrent, and provenance data sets pro- vide the best available constraints on the initial uplift of the Bogda Shan and the first documentary evidence of intra-Mesozoic shortening within the basin. INTRODUCTION by the Bogda Shan, a major mountain range containing peaks as high as 5570 m (Fig. 1A). Few published data bear directly on The present-day Turpan-Hami basin is a major physio- the initiation of the Turpan-Hami basin or its premodern physio- graphic feature of central Asia. It contains the second lowest el- graphic and depositional history. Post-Carboniferous sedimen- evation on earth (-154 m), yet is bounded on its northern flank tary facies, paleocurrent dispersal patterns, and sandstone A. E86° E92° CHINA N JUNGGAR BASIN 0 100 km DUSHANZI N44° N44° + + NORTH + + + + + + TIAN URUMQI S B HAN O BA GD AN RKO A SH L TAG TIAN SHAN TURPAN-HAMI H BASIN TURPAN HAMI CENTRAL TIAN TIAN N42° SOUTH SHAN SHAN N42° + +++ + + + + KUQA KORLA K TARIM BASIN URUK TAGH CHINA PRE-MESOZOIC TRIASSIC JURASSIC CRETACEOUS CENOZOIC E86° E92° E86° E88° E90° E92° E94° B. N44° K (Li and Jiang, 1987) N44° J T-P T-P C C southern Junggar Basin Urumqi Jimsar B OG DA SHAN Zaobishan Taoshuyuan T2-3 Shisanjianfang Sandaoling Ha-3 T T2-3 P-T1 * P1-2 P2-T1 C Kekeya 5 C Aiweiergou C 6 Taibei Sag 4 P1 - 9 J1-T Taican-2 8 F T Hami Baiyanghe lam * P2 Turpan in TURPAN-HAMI g M T88-625 tn K C Tokesun . Ancan-1 K (Mu, 1994) J2 J1-T3 T88-635 * J2-3 BASIN Sag J2 T-P T2-3 T2-3 J2-3 C T84-200 T-P T1 C P2 CHOL TAGH N42° N42° E86° E88° ° E90 ° E92 E94° 50 km N Taoshuyuan study locality Legend fault Upper Jurassic (J3) Permian-Triassic (P2 - T1) Late Paleozoic granitoid rocks T88-635 seismic line Lower-Middle Jurassic (J1 + J2) Permian (P1 + P2) Paleozoic gabbroic rocks * well Cenozoic Middle-Upper Triassic (T2 + T3) Carboniferous volcanic rocks Pre-Mesozoic igneous and sedimentary depression Cretaceous (K1 + K2) metamorphic rocks Figure 1. A: Location map of study area within Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Boxed area is shown in detail in B. B: Geologic map of Turpan-Hami basin, showing various study locations in basin, location of seismic lines and wells referred to in text, and two main western sedimentary depressions, Tokesun Sag and Tabei Sag (adapted from Chen et al., 1985). Solid black circles show general strati- graphic relationships and unconformities of Carboniferous through Cretaceous strata at various locations; data for each black circle are from this study unless otherwise noted. Fault locations are adapted from Chen et al. (1985) and Allen et al. (1993). Sedimentary record of Mesozoic deformation and inception of the Turpan-Hami basin 319 compositions from the southern Junggar and northern Tarim et al. (1993) also identified two Mesozoic compressional basins (Hendrix et al., 1992; Carroll et al., 1995) suggest that the episodes in the Turpan-Hami basin and suggested that Lower Junggar and Tarim basins have existed as discrete physiographic Permian marine facies in the northern Turpan basin were de- features, separated by the intervening Tian Shan, since late posited as a foreland basin fill related to north-vergent thrust Paleozoic time. However, previous interpretations of the time of faults in the Tian Shan region. inception and early structural style of the Turpan-Hami basin Key to understanding the tectonic and sedimentary history vary widely. Hendrix et al. (1992) suggested, on the basis of of the Turpan-Hami basin is better documentation of the record paleocurrents, sedimentary facies, and isopach data, that the of sedimentary fill within the basin, combined with information Turpan-Hami basin was established as a discrete physiographic regarding the history of uplift and unroofing of the Bogda Shan. feature by Early Jurassic time, in response to compressional up- Unfortunately, very little information has been published about lift of the Bogda Shan. Allen et al. (1995) proposed that the Tur- the structure of the interior of the Bogda Shan; access to key ex- pan basin was one of several major depocenters created by posures is difficult, and there are no seismic lines that transect transtensional rotation within a Late Permian–Triassic sinistral the range. Tectonic interpretations from the Turpan-Hami basin shear system. In determining the sedimentary provenance of are largely limited either to specific reports on a focused northern Turpan-Hami deposits, Greene et al. (1997) and petroleum-related topic (Huang et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1993, Greene and Graham (1999) suggested that granitic cobbles con- 1998; K. Cheng et al., 1996; L. Liu et al., 1998), or regional tained within Lower Triassic deposits were derived solely from interpretive syntheses that lack detailed data sets and hence are the Central and South Tian Shan blocks, south of the Turpan- impossible to evaluate critically (Fang, 1990, 1994; Li and Hami basin, and inferred that the ancestral Bogda Shan had not Shen, 1990; Shen, 1990; Chen, 1993; Tao, 1994; Allen et al., been uplifted by that time. 1995; Shao et al., 1999b). Shao et al. (1999b), for example, used Better timing constraints for the initiation of the Turpan- basin subsidence curves to infer a period of Late Permian ther- Hami basin are especially important because they bear directly mal subsidence that was followed by a Middle-Triassic to early on the lateral extent of thick, organic-rich Upper Permian la- Tertiary period of flexural subsidence for the Turpan-Hami custrine shale in the southern Junggar basin. Carroll et al. (1992) basin. However, error bars for age control are absent, and paleo- and Clayton et al. (1997) demonstrated that these and equivalent elevation level is set at sea level for the past 250 m.y. in their strata are the source of oils produced at the Karamay oil field analysis. Likewise, numerous Chinese authors have published and other fields along the northwestern Junggar basin margin, reports on Early-Middle Jurassic depositional history and se- which collectively are thought to contain reserves of 2–3 billion quence stratigraphy, mainly due to its importance in petroleum barrel oil fields (Taner et al., 1988).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glaciers in Xinjiang, China: Past Changes and Current Status
    water Article Glaciers in Xinjiang, China: Past Changes and Current Status Puyu Wang 1,2,3,*, Zhongqin Li 1,3,4, Hongliang Li 1,2, Zhengyong Zhang 3, Liping Xu 3 and Xiaoying Yue 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (X.Y.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (L.X.) 4 College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China is the largest arid region in Central Asia, and is heavily dependent on glacier melt in high mountains for water supplies. In this paper, glacier and climate changes in Xinjiang during the past decades were comprehensively discussed based on glacier inventory data, individual monitored glacier observations, recent publications, as well as meteorological records. The results show that glaciers have been in continuous mass loss and dimensional shrinkage since the 1960s, although there are spatial differences between mountains and sub-regions, and the significant temperature increase is the dominant controlling factor of glacier change. The mass loss of monitored glaciers in the Tien Shan has accelerated since the late 1990s, but has a slight slowing after 2010. Remote sensing results also show a more negative mass balance in the 2000s and mass loss slowing in the latest decade (2010s) in most regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid–Late Paleozoic Metallogenesis and Evolution of the Chinese Altai and East Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China, Central Asia
    Journal of Geosciences, 59 (2014), 255–274 DOI: 10.3190/jgeosci.173 Review paper Mid–Late Paleozoic metallogenesis and evolution of the Chinese Altai and East Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China, Central Asia Chunming Han1*, Wenjiao XIaO2,1, Guochun ZHaO3, Benxun Su1, 3, Patrick asamoah SakyI4, Songjian aO1, Bo Wan1, Jien ZHanG1, Zhiyong ZHanG1, Zhongmei WanG1 1 Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; [email protected] 2 Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 3 Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China 4 Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana * Corresponding author The Chinese Altai–East Junggar collage in southern Altaids is one of the largest and most important metallogenic pro- vinces in China. It is composed of five major types of Middle to Late Paleozoic metal deposits: (1) VMS Cu–Pb–Zn, (2) porphyry Cu–Au, (3) magmatic Cu–Ni-sulfide, (4) skarn Cu–Mo–Fe and (5) orogenic Au. Tectonically, the development of these metal deposits was closely associated with accretionary and convergent processes that occurred along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The formation of the deposits involved three main stages, briefly described as follows: (i) Those formed during extensional back-arc volcanism along the Paleozoic active margin of
    [Show full text]
  • Uyghur Identity Contestation and Construction of Identity in a Conflict Setting
    UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG School of Global Studies = Uyghur Identity Contestation and Construction of Identity in a Conflict Setting Master Thesis in Global Studies Spring Semester 2015 Author: Fanny Olson Supervisor: Camilla Orjuela ABSTRACT This study explores and discusses the dynamics of identity in conflict through examining Uyghur collective identity in the specific context of China as an emerging power. Particular attention is paid to how this identity is constructed and contested by different actors of the Xinjiang Conflict. The Xinjiang Conflict is a multifaceted conflict, consisting of both direct and structural violence. These dynamics of identity are based on different understandings of what it means to be a Uyghur, which is in line with existing research on contemporary conflicts that considers identity as a driving force of violence. Through a text analysis, this study sets out to assess how Uyghur identity is constructed and contested in the context of the Xinjiang Conflict, by primary actors; the Chinese government, Uyghur diaspora and the local Uyghur population in Xinjiang. As the Uyghurs’ identity has been contested, and discontent is cultivated among the Uyghur community, the conflict between Uyghurs and the Chinese government (dominated by the majority ethnic group Han Chinese) has escalated since the mid-1990s. The findings advanced in this research conclude that Uyghur identity, in the context of conflict, is contested within different areas, such as language, culture, territory, religion and even time. This paper suggests that within these areas, identity is contested though the different processes of negotiation, resistance, boundary-making and emphasis on certain features of ones identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Low-Arsenic Groundwater in the Karamay Area Between Two High Arsenic Areas of Xinjiang, China
    Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Low-Arsenic Groundwater in The Karamay Area Between Two High Arsenic Areas of Xinjiang, China Qiao Li ( [email protected] ) Xinjiang Agricultural University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-8572 Hongfei Tao Xinjiang Agricultural University Mahemujiang Aihemaiti Xinjiang Agricultural University Youwei Jiang Xinjiang Agricultural University Wenxin Yang Xinjiang Agricultural University Jun Jiang Xinjiang Agricultural University Research Article Keywords: Low arsenic groundwater area, Tectonic and sedimentary evolution, Groundwater geochemistry, Xinjiang, China Posted Date: May 10th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-498060/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract The groundwater of several regions in Xinjiang, China, including the Kuitun and the Manas River Basins in the Junggar Basin, is heavily polluted with arsenic. However, the arsenic content of the groundwater of the Karamay area located within the Junggar Basin is relatively low and below the recommended drinking water limit. In our study, we analyze the factors that result in this anomaly. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the water-bearing system in this area were investigated by analyzing water samples, carrying out hydrogeological surveys, and statistical techniques. Since the Carboniferous, the geological development and subsequent structural evolution resulted in a lower arsenic concentration in groundwater of the Karamay region than that of the Kuitun River Basin and the Manasi River Basin. The missing high-energy sedimentary environment in the Middle-Upper Permian and the composition of sediments controlled the characteristics of the multi-layer aquifer in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Written Evidence Submitted by Lawyers for Uyghur Rights (FL0009)
    Written evidence submitted by Lawyers for Uyghur Rights (FL0009) 1. Lawyers for Uyghur Rights represented two British Uyghurs Rahima Mahmut, a human rights activist and head of the World Uyghur Congress’s London Office and Enver Tohti Bughda, who is also an activist and a member of the International Advisory Committee of the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China in regards to the Government’s reported decision to allow Huawei to provide infrastructure as part of the United Kingdom’s 5G network. Thankfully, the Government has reversed this reported decision and will phase out the use of Huawei within the network. 2. We believe that the work that we have done in regards to Huawei gives a good picture as to how the current legislative provisions in regards to slavery and human rights abuses within the supply chain of British companies or companies doing business in the United Kingdom are insufficient and how these companies are either negligently or intentionally acting in breach of their slavery and human rights policies and the international legal framework. This submission will suggest ways in which the law could be changed to prevent the current situation where United Kingdom consumers are involved in the purchase of goods created with the immense pain and suffering of the Uyghur and other Turkic people in China who are transported thousands of miles and forced to work in slavery. 3. We believe that the Directors of the companies named in this submission, who have refused to act in accordance with their own slavery and human rights policies, showing the toothlessness of British law on this subject, should be called before the Commission to explain how they have responded, or failed to respond in many cases, to the evidence which we have placed before them.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin Polina Lemenkova
    Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin Polina Lemenkova To cite this version: Polina Lemenkova. Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin. Civil Engineer- ing, Architecture and Environmental Protection. PhiDAC-2012, Sep 2012, Niš, Serbia. pp.331-338, 10.6084/m9.figshare.7211999. hal-02023017 HAL Id: hal-02023017 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02023017 Submitted on 22 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 - Public Domain Dedication| 4.0 International License IV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR STUDENTS OF DOCTORAL STUDIES IN THE FIELDS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Polina Lemenkova1 WATER SUPPLY AND USAGE IN CENTRAL ASIA, TIAN SHAN BASIN Abstract: The paper focuses on analysis of Central Asian hydro-energetic system and water usage in Tian Shan region. Tian Shan system is important water resource in Central Asia: mountains river waters are intensely taken for hydropower energy, urban systems, irrigation. But geopolitics in Tian Shan is difficult: it crosses five densely populated countries. Current problem consists in water delivery between territories located in the highlands with excellent water supply and those located in valleys with water shortage.
    [Show full text]
  • Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler a Dissertati
    Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Chair Ann Anagnost Stevan Harrell Danny Hoffman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2018 Darren T. Byler University of Washington Abstract Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies This study argues that Uyghurs, a Turkic-Muslim group in contemporary Northwest China, and the city of Ürümchi have become the object of what the study names “terror capitalism.” This argument is supported by evidence of both the way state-directed economic investment and security infrastructures (pass-book systems, webs of technological surveillance, urban cleansing processes and mass internment camps) have shaped self-representation among Uyghur migrants and Han settlers in the city. It analyzes these human engineering and urban planning projects and the way their effects are contested in new media, film, television, photography and literature. It finds that this form of capitalist production utilizes the discourse of terror to justify state investment in a wide array of policing and social engineering systems that employs millions of state security workers. The project also presents a theoretical model for understanding how Uyghurs use cultural production to both build and refuse the development of this new economic formation and accompanying forms of gendered, ethno-racial violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Impacts on Central Asian Water Resources
    Adv. Geosci., 32, 77–83, 2012 www.adv-geosci.net/32/77/2012/ Advances in doi:10.5194/adgeo-32-77-2012 Geosciences © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Climate change impacts on Central Asian water resources M. Malsy, T. Aus der Beek, S. Eisner, and M. Florke¨ Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshoher¨ Allee 47, 34109 Kassel, Germany Correspondence to: M. Malsy ([email protected]) Received: 31 January 2012 – Revised: 28 August 2012 – Accepted: 11 October 2012 – Published: 13 December 2012 Abstract. Central Asia is in large parts dominated by low water management strategies (O’Hara, 2000), and many precipitation and, consequentially, by low water availability. more (EDB, 2009; Lioubimtseva and Henebry, 2009). Therefore, changes of natural water resources induced by cli- Within this integrated model study the hydrological and mate change are of high interest. The aim of this study is to water use model WaterGAP3 (Water – Global Assessment analyse the potential impact of climate change on Central and Prognosis) is applied to all river basins located in Kaza- Asian water resources until the end of the 21st century and to khstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, point out the main affected regions. Thus, simulations with Southern Russia, North-Western China, and Mongolia in five the large-scale hydrology model WaterGAP3 for the base- arc minutes spatial resolution (∼ 6×9 km per grid cell). Fur- line and scenario periods were performed with outputs from thermore, an overview of the Central Asian water resources three General Circulation Models (GCMs: ECHAM5, IPSL- of the last three decades is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Chinese Hami Melon and Its Relationship to the Melon Germplasm from Central and South Asia
    J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 80 (1): 52–65. 2011. Available online at www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jjshs1 JSHS © 2011 Molecular Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Chinese Hami Melon and Its Relationship to the Melon Germplasm from Central and South Asia Yasheng Aierken1,2, Yukari Akashi1, Phan Thi Phuong Nhi1, Yikeremu Halidan1, Katsunori Tanaka3, Bo Long4, Hidetaka Nishida1, Chunlin Long4, Min Zhu Wu2 and Kenji Kato1* 1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan 2Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumuqi 830000, China 3Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan 4Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China Chinese Hami melon consists of the varieties cassaba, chandalak, ameri, and zard. To show their genetic diversity, 120 melon accessions, including 24 accessions of Hami melon, were analyzed using molecular markers of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. All Hami melon accessions were classified as the large-seed type with seed length longer than 9 mm, like US and Spanish Inodorus melon. Conomon accessions grown in east China were all the small- seed type. Both large- and small-seed types were in landraces from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia. Analysis of an SNP in the PS-ID region (Rpl16-Rpl14) and size polymorphism of ccSSR7 showed that the melon accessions consisted of three chloroplast genome types, that is, maternal lineages. Hami melon accessions were T/338 bp type, which differed from Spanish melon and US Honey Dew (T/333 bp type), indicating a different maternal lineage within group Inodorus.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene Topography of the Chinese Tian Shan
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 499 (2018) 95–106 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene topography of the Chinese Tian Shan: New insights from geomorphology and sedimentology ∗ Marc Jolivet a, , Laurie Barrier b, Olivier Dauteuil a, Amandine Laborde b, Qian Li c, Bettina Reichenbacher d, Speranta-Maria Popescu e, Jingeng Sha f, Zhaojie Guo c a Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France b Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS, Paris, France c Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China d Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie & Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany e Geobiostratadata Consulting, 385 Route du Mas Rillier, 69140, Rillieux la Pape, France f Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The Cenozoic growth of the intra-continental Tian Shan Range initiated during the late Eocene–Oligocene, Received 12 April 2018 and led to a tectonic reactivation of the complex Palaeozoic and Mesozoic lithospheric structure. Due to Received in revised form 25 June 2018 the very low erosion rates linked to the semi-arid climate that characterised the Tian Shan region during Accepted 1 July 2018 most of the Cenozoic, the topography of the range is not at equilibrium with deformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraceratherium 在新疆准噶尔盆地北缘的发现及其意义1)
    第 41 卷 第 3 期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 220～229 2003 年 7 月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1～3 Paraceratherium 在新疆准噶尔盆地 北缘的发现及其意义1) 叶 捷1 孟 津2 吴文裕1 (1 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所 北京 100044) (2 美国自然历史博物馆 纽约 10024) 关键词 新疆准噶尔盆地 ,晚渐新世 ,副巨犀 中图法分类号 Q915. 877 2000 年 ,笔者在位于新疆准噶尔盆地北缘的福海县哈拉玛盖乡以南的萨尔多依腊地 区测制乌伦古河组地层剖面时 ,在乌伦古河组和索索泉组之间的一套粗碎屑岩层中发现 了一些哺乳动物化石。其中有孟津在 20004 化石点 (46°35. 779′N ,87°43. 818′E) 发现的一 具副巨犀下颌骨。该下颌保存了这类动物的一些重要特征 ,这些特征对于解决长期以来 人们对于巨犀分类的有关争论以及含化石地层的时代提供了重要信息。 新疆萨尔多依腊的巨犀下颌支和牙齿的形态与 Forster2Cooper (1911 :p. 713 ; 1924 : Fig. 7) 描述的 Bugti 的 Paraceratherium bugtiense 标本在以下几个方面很相似 :1) 下颌水平 支底缘在颊齿列部位向下弯凸 ,其最大深度位于 m1、m2 之间 ;2) 联合部在 p2 前下弯 ;3) p2 之前的联合部上表面呈槽形 ,两侧形成锐脊 ;4) 仅有第一对下门齿 (i1) ,第二、三对门 齿已退化消失 ,该齿呈较长的圆锥形 ,伸向下前方 ,左右门齿基部相靠 ,顶端分离 ,其上无 使用磨蚀痕迹 ,齿根很粗壮 ;5) p2 的形态及 p2 没有被磨蚀的迹象。Forster2Cooper 指出 (1924 ,p. 369) ,他建立的 Paraceratherium 属的很特殊的特征是“a pair of downwardly turned tusks”。换句话说 ,是它具有 1) 下弯的下颌联合部和 2) 较长且呈锥形的第一下门齿。新 疆萨尔多依腊的巨犀在这方面无疑与 Paraceratherium 属是一致的。但它较属型种 P. bugtiense 尺寸大、下颌水平支的相对深度大 ,且 p2 之前的联合部更下弯和背面的凹槽更 深。 自 Forster2Cooper (1911) 创建副巨犀属 ( Paraceratherium) 以来 ,该属的含义多次发生变 化。其原因是 ,在 Bugti 地点发现的巨犀类化石的个体大小相差较大。最初 ,Forster2Cooper 将其中一块尺寸较小、保存较好的下颌作为正型标本记述 ,同时将一块残破的下颌联合 部、一些椎体和肢骨暂时归入了该种。但他指出归入该种的残破的下颌联合部、寰椎和肢 骨相对于正型标本尺寸要大得多 ,可能为雄性个体 ,正型标本则为雌性个体。后来 , Forster2Cooper (1923) 又为大尺寸的寰椎和肢骨建立了新属新种 Baluchitherium osborni ,并认 为该种与 Borissiak 所建立的 Indricotherium turgaicum 的肢骨十分相近 (Forster2Cooper , 1923 : p. 35) 。 1) 国家自然科学基金项目(编号 : 40172010 ,49928201) 资助。 收稿日期 :2003 - 02 - 10 3 期 叶 捷等 : Paraceratherium 在新疆准噶尔盆地北缘的发现及其意义 122 Granger 和 Gregory(1936) 在记述内蒙古发现的 Baluchitherium 时认为
    [Show full text]
  • China's Campaign to Open the West: Xinjiang and the Center by Robert
    China’s Campaign to Open the West: Xinjiang and the Center by Robert Vaughn Moeller BS in International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Graduate School of Arts and Sciences This thesis was presented by Robert Vaughn Moeller It was defended on November 21, 2006 and approved by Thomas Rawski, PhD, Professor, Economics Evelyn Rawski, PhD, Professor, History Katherine Carlitz, PhD, Adjunct Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature Thesis Director: Thomas Rawski, PhD, Professor, Economics ii China’s Campaign to Open the West: Xinjiang and the Center Robert Vaughn Moeller, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2006 This paper examines China’s ambitious Campaign to Open the West and its impact upon Han and ethnic minority populations in Xinjiang. It focuses on analyzing the components of the campaign that are being implemented to develop Xinjiang through the intensification of agriculture, exploitation of energy resources, and reforms to Xinjiang’s education system, revealing that the campaign, rather than alleviating poverty, is leading to greater asymmetry between Han and ethnic minority populations within Xinjiang. Rather than a plan for bridging the gap of economic disparity between the eastern and western regions of China, as construed by Beijing, the plan fits into a greater strategy for integration and assimilation of Xinjiang’s restive ethnic population by Beijing. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 THE PLAN IN CONTEXT ......................................................................................... 4 3.0 DEFINING THE WEST.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]