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M.A., F.S.A.Scot., CURATOR of COINS, and the REV. J. A. LAMB

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M.A., F.S.A.Scot., CURATOR of COINS, and the REV. J. A. LAMB VIII. SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL COMMUNION TOKENS. BY R. KERR, M.A., F.S.A.ScoT., CURATO . REVLAMBE A . TH J COINS. F RD O , AN , B.D., PH.D., F.S.A.SCOT. The lists of Scottish Episcopal communion tokens published by the Rev, Robert Dick, in Scottish Communion Tokens, other than those of the Established Church (1902)Jamey b d san , Anderson Communionn ,i Tokens of the Northern Counties of Scotland (1906), valuable though they were as pioneer work, are know thosno t e intereste stude th communiof n ydo i n token incompletee b o st , and certain i , n particulars, inaccurate thin I s. pape presene rw correcteta d and augmented list of Episcopal tokens, together with an outline of the histor f Episcopacyo Scotlandn yi lattere Th . , besides servin backa s ga - ground to the tokens, sets forth the considerations which have determined inclusioe th exclusior o , nin n from lisr particulaf to ou , r tokens. What is an "Episcopal Token"? It might be thought that the answer should be easy—that it is a token belonging to a congregation of an Episcopal Church. But in actual fact the answer is not so easy as that, as will appear SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL COMMUNION 9 TOKENS11 . whe considee w n e followinth r g point e histore sth th f arisinf o o y t gou Scottish Church. The Reformatio e Churcth f n o Scotlan n hi d took place th 1560n e i d an , old regim abolisheds ewa . Nevertheles t appearsi s that durin remaindee gth r of the sixteenth century some of the prelates were still acknowledged as such. For a time there was a struggle between the ideas of presbytery and episcopacy. Though the Second Book of Discipline, accepted by the General Assembly in 1581, but not receiving parliamentary sanction, laid down a presbyterian constitution for the Church, yet this did not end the matter, and there was continued conflict, the details of which need not concer s herenu thay . sa n 160 i Suffic te Scottis o t 6th t i e h Parliament restore estate dth bishopsf eo gradualld an , courte Churce yth th £ so t h ino f whole th e people mostly cam accepo et tChurce this theTh s . hnwa episcopal from about 161 16380o t whicn i , h latter yea famoue rth s Glasgow Assembly abolished episcopac restored yan d presbytery Restoratioe 1661n I th .t a , n of the Monarchy, the tables were turned, and the Second Episcopacy lasted from 166 16881o t Revolution e date th th ,f eo , though Presbyterianiss mwa not established by law till 1690. Since that date the Church of Scotland has been presbyterian in constitution, and Episcopalians have been "dis- senters." Indeed from 1690 to 1712 Episcopacy was illegal, the Toleration Act of 1712 ending that state. Episcopal worship has been legal since then, thoug tima r hefo afte Rebellione th r f 171 so 174d 5an 5 certain disabilities wer e Episcopaeth lain o d l group becaus f theio e r sympathy wite th h Jacobites, as, by the Acts of Parliament of 1719 and 1748. These penal laws were repealed only in 1792. These facts will hel whes pu face nw e difficultiee somth f eo s that arise connection i n with "episcopal episcopacieo " tokenstw e Th . s lasted from 1610 to 1638, and 1661 to 1688, during which periods the Church of Scotland was constituted on an episcopal basis. It might be said that tokens belong- in theso gt e periods shoul callee db d episcopal tokens t theBu y. actually belong to the Established Church of Scotland, and so we regard them as "Parish" rather than "Episcopal." facn I t . doei t appeat no s r thay an t identifiee tokeb n n ca s belongin da firse th t o gt Episcopa l periodn a t bu , example fro secone mth d perio datee th s ddi toke Brechif no n 1678 (Brook 133: Dick 984). This was struck apparently in honour of the promotion of the Rev. George Halliburton to the See of Brechin, which he held till 1682, being at the same time minister of the charge of Brechin. Brook classes this as Parish, and Dick classes it as Episcopal, and in a sense both are correctorden i t avoio t r bu , d such duplication cale w sl this Parish. Another example is the Fintray token (Brook 424: Dick 995). This token has on it the initials of Alexander Forbes, who was minister of Fintray 1681. 169o t e ChurcFastie 3th th f (date o f n Scotland)i ho s sa begae H s . nhi ministr episcopan a yn i l perio apparentld dan y continued beyon . dit Again , 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1946-48. since this is an Established Church token, it is to be regarded as Parish. Other similar cases in Dick's list are Nos. 994 (Brook 414) and 999 (Brook principle 433)Th . f nomenclatureo e used her s thereforei calo t e l tokens Parish when they belong to the Church of Scotland, whether in an episcopal o presbyteriara n period retaio t terd e nth ,an m Episcopa thosr lfo e belonging to the Episcopal Church of Scotland as apart from the Established Church. With regar perioe th o dt d 163 1668o t Churce 1th thes hnwa presbyterian, therd an e shoul difficulto n e db y about saying thaChurcy an t Scotlanf ho d tokens of this time are Parish. It is true that in certain parts of the country some Episcopal ministers kep theio t r parishes thid san , might hav td oele difficulty, because, thoug e Churchth s presbyterianwa h , these ministers would be both Parish and Episcopalian. But as it happens, there are no tokens here to raise this difficulty. perioe th Ao st d after 1688 whe e Churcnth h became presbyterian once more , e Episcopamanth f o y l ministers again retained their parishes, especiall Northe th n yi . Thus Luccock 1 says: vas"A t numbe clergyf (o r ) e rivenortth f r ho Tay , being strongly Episcopalian - havind in an , e gth fluential laity with them, were lefundisputen i t d possession. lonw gHo " that went on it is difficult to say, except by reference to the history of particular congregations. No doubt in most cases the ministers simply remained till their death t thebu , npresbyteriaa n would succeed. Here agai fortunats i t ni e tha actuao tn l difficulty arises. Finally , e probletherth s ei f undatemo d tokens d thosan , e without indication, as by initials, of the minister. Sometimes local records may help n suci he unfortunat th cases t bu , e thin s thagi t local record e oftear s n fragmentar r difficulyo accessf o t eved an , n where the fairle yar y complete, token e oftear s n scarcely mentioned, and f thei , y aree markingth , e ar s seldom described. One feature thabees ha tn regarde usualls da y indicatin Episcopan ga l token is the presence of a Cross on the token. Consider, for example, the token f Lamingtoso Wanded nan ld Broo(Brooan . 40)2 kNo .k70 701r ou , Both are triangular, the former marked If-C, the latter L— -{-. It is assumed that the former is Parish and the latter Episcopal because of the Cross. Another case Longsid thif th eo s si e tokens—Broo markes i 1 k76 d L-Sd an , Dick 1009 (our No. 43) is marked L-f-S. Here again the former is called Parish and the latter Episcopal because of the Cross. It is not known, however, whether these attribution provee b n evidencey o t db sca s i t I . be admitted that most tokens know Episcopae b o nt markee ar l d witha Cross wils noticea e , followine b l th n di gconsequence listTh . thas ei n a t unidentified token wits presumei t ha Cros i Episcopae b n o so dt l until evidence in a different direction is forthcoming. An example is the token marked G/MT (our No. 67). Churche Th 1 of Scotland, . 246p . SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL COMMUNION 1 TOKENS12 . evidents i t I , then, that there sommusn i e etb case goosa d deal of doubt, until some direct evidence is discovered to settle the problem, and the writer f thio s s paper wil mose b l t gratefuinformatioy an r fo l n that tends confiro t notee mth s followin leadr go freso st h identifications. We are grateful to those museum and library officials, private collectors, ministers, and others who have assisted us in the preparation of this paper; and especially to those who have courteously accorded us the privileges of examining their collections, and lending us such tokens as we wished to have drawn. Amongst these we wish particularly to thank the Keeper of the National Museu Antiquitiesmf o Directoe ,th Royae th f ro l Scottish Museum, anCuratoe dPerte th th f hro Museut GalleryAr d Librariae mth an ; e th f no University of St Andrews; J. R. Lockie, Esq., F.S.A.Scot., Paisley; Archi- bald McLean, Esq., F.S.A.Scot., Bridg f Allaneo ;. McNaughtC Mis . M s , St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh; the Very Rev. J. S. McArthur, B.D., Millport. TaylorReve R th . A .d ,an ;M.A. , F.S.A.Scot., Aberdeen. The tokens illustrate platee th n dsi appende thio dt s paper have been very carefully drawn by Mr A.
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