4. CAPITALIZATION EXAMPLES (Based on the rules in the preceding chapter, ‘‘Capitalization Rules’’) A-bomb Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs; the abstract B, 1, etc. Administrator Academy: Admiralty, British, etc. Air Force; the Academy Admiralty, Lord of the Andover; the academy Adobe Acrobat Portable Document For- Coast Guard; the Academy mat (PDF) Merchant Marine; the Academy Adobe Acrobat Reader Military; the Academy Adviser, Legal (Department of State) National Academy of Sciences; the Africa: Academy of Sciences; the academy east Naval; the Academy East Coast but service academies north accord, Paris peace (see Agreement) South accords, Helsinki South-West (Territory of) Act (Federal, State, or foreign), short or West Coast popular title or with number; the African-American (see Black) act: Agency, if part of name; capitalized Appropriation standing alone if referring to Fed- Classification eral unit: Economy Central Intelligence; the Agency Flood Control Chippewa (Indian); the agency Lend-Lease Act; but lend-lease mate- agent orange rials, etc. Ages: National Teacher Corps Age of Discovery Organic Act of Virgin Islands Dark Ages Panama Canal Elizabethan Age Pay Golden Age (of Pericles only) Public Act 145 (see also Public Act) Middle Ages Revenue but atomic age; Cambrian age; copper River and Harbor Act of 1996 age; ice age; missile age; rocket age; Selective Training and Service space age; stone age; etc. Agreement, with name; the agreement: Stock Piling General Agreement on Tariffs and Tariff Trade (GATT); the general agree- Trademark ment Walsh-Healey Act; but Walsh-Healey International Wheat Agreement; the law (or bill) wheat agreement; the coffee agree- act, labor-management relations ment Acting, if part of capitalized title North American Free-Trade Agree- ACTION (independent Federal agency)1 ment (NAFTA) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Status of Forces; but status-of-forces Adjutant General, the (see The) agreements Administration, with name; capitalized United States-Canada Free-Trade standing alone if Federal unit: Agreement; the free-trade agree- Farmers Home ment Food and Drug but the Geneva agreement; the Pots- Maritime dam agreement; Paris peace agree- Veterans’ (follow apostrophe) ment but Reagan administration; adminis- Air Force: tration bill, policy, etc. Air National Guard (see National) Administrative Law Judge Davis; Judge Base (with name); Air Force base (see Davis; an administrative law judge Base; Station) Civil Air Patrol; Civil Patrol; the pa- 1 Not an acronym. Capitalization represents trol agency’s preference. Command (see Command) 35

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Air Force—Continued American—Continued One (Presidential plane) Veterans of World War II (AMVETS) Reserve War Mothers; War Mothers; a Mother Reserve Officers’ Training Corps American Standard Code for Informa- WAF (see Women in the Air Force) tion Interchange (ASCII) Airport: La Guardia; Reagan National; AmeriCorps Program the airport Amtrak (National Railroad Passenger Alaska Native (collective term for Corporation) Aleuts, Eskimos, and Indians of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; a Alaska): the Native; but a native of Mason; a Freemason Alaska, Ohio, etc. Annex, if part of name of building; the Alliance, Farmers’, etc.; the alliance annex Alliance for Progress; the Alliance ANSI Z39.50 Alliance for Progress Program Antarctic Ocean (see Arctic; Ocean) alliances and coalitions (see also pow- appellations: ers): Bay State (Massachusetts) Allied Powers; the powers (World Big Four (powers, railroad, etc.) Wars) City of Churches (Brooklyn) Atlantic alliance Fair Deal Axis, the; Axis Powers; the powers Great Depression Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Lux- Great Society embourg) Holocaust Big Four (European); of the Pacific Keystone State (Pennsylvania) Big Three New Deal Central Powers; the powers (World New Federalism War I) New Frontier European Economic Community (see the Hub (Boston) also Common Market) Third World Fritalux (France, Italy, Benelux coun- appendix 1, A, II, etc.; the appendix; but tries) Appendix II, when part of title: Ap- North Atlantic Treaty Organization pendix II: 2 Education Directory (see Organization) AppleShare Western Powers AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol Western Union (powers); the union (AARP) Allied (World Wars I and II): appropriation bill (see also bill): armies deficiency Governments Department of Agriculture Nations for any governmental unit peoples independent offices Powers; the powers; but European aquaculture; acquiculture powers Arab States Supreme Allied Commander Arabic numerals Allies, the (World Wars I and II); also Arboretum, National; the Arboretum members of Western bloc (political Archipelago, Philippine, etc.; the archi- entity); but our allies; weaker allies, pelago etc. Architect of the Capitol; the Architect Alzheimer’s disease Archivist of the United States; the Ar- Ambassador: chivist British, etc.; the Ambassador; the Arctic: Senior Ambassador; His Excellency Circle Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary; Current (see Current) the Ambassador; Ambassador at Ocean Large; an ambassador zone amendment: but subarctic Social Security Amendments of 1954; arctic (descriptive adjective): 1954 amendments; the Social Secu- clothing rity amendments; the amendments conditions Baker amendment fox to the Constitution (U.S.); first grass amendment, 14th amendment, etc. night American: seas Federation of Labor and Congress of Arctics, the Industrial Organizations (AFL– Area, if part of name; the area: CIO); the federation Cape Hatteras Recreational Gold Star Mothers, Inc.; Gold Star White Pass Recreation; etc. Mothers; a Mother Legion (see Legion) 2 The colon is preferred; a dash is permis- National Red Cross; the Red Cross sible; but a comma is too weak.

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Area—Continued army—Continued but area 2; free trade area; Metropoli- mule, shoe, etc. tan Washington area; bay area; of occupation; occupation army nonsmoking area Red Arlington: Arsenal, Rock Island, etc.; the arsenal Memorial Amphitheater; the Memo- article 15; but Article 15, when part of rial Amphitheater; the amphi- title: Article 15: Uniform Code of theater Military Justice Memorial Bridge (see Bridge) Articles National Cemetery (see Cemetery) of Confederation (U.S.) Arm, Cavalry, Infantry, etc. (military); of Impeachment; the articles the arm Assembly of New York; the assembly Armed Forces (synonym for overall Mili- (see also Legislative Assembly) tary Establishment); British Armed Assembly (see United Nations) Forces; the Armed Forces of the Assistant, if part of capitalized title; the United States assistant armed services assistant, Presidential (see Presidential) armistice Assistant Secretary (see Secretary) Armory, Springfield, etc.; the armory Associate Justice (see Supreme Court) Army, American or foreign, if part of Association, if part of name; capitalized name; capitalized standing alone standing alone if referring to Fed- eral unit: only if referring to U.S. Army: American Association for the Ad- Active; Active-Duty vancement of Science; the associa- Adjutant General, the tion All-Volunteer Federal National Mortgage (Fannie Band (see Band) Mae); the Association branches; Gordon Highlanders; Royal Young Women’s Christian; the asso- Guards; etc. ciation Brigade, 1st, etc.; the brigade; Robin- Astrophysical Observatory (see Observ- son’s brigade atory) Command (see Command) Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM) Command and General Staff College Atlantic: (see College) Charter (see Charter) Company A; A Company; the company coast Confederate (referring to Southern community Confederacy); the Confederates Coast States Continental; Continentals Destroyer Flotilla; the destroyer flo- Corps (see Corps) tilla; the flotilla District of Washington (military); the Fleet (see Fleet) district mid-Atlantic Division, 1st, etc.; the division North Engineers (the Corps of Engineers); Pact (see Pact) the Engineers; but Army engineer seaboard Establishment slope Field Establishment South Field Forces (see Forces) time, standard time (see time) Finance Department; the Department but cisatlantic; transatlantic 1st, etc. Attorney General (U.S. or foreign coun- General of the Army; but the general try); but attorney general of Maine, General Staff; the Staff etc. Headquarters, 1st Regiment attorney, U.S. Headquarters of the; the headquarters Authority, capitalized standing alone if Hospital Corps (see Corps) referring to Federal unit: Medical Museum (see Museum) National Shipping; the Authority Organized Reserves; the Reserves Port of New York; the port authority; Regiment, 1st, etc.; the regiment the authority Regular Army officer; a Regular St. Lawrence Seaway Authority of Revolutionary (American, British, Canada; the authority French, etc.) Tennessee Valley; the Authority service Auto Train (Amtrak) Surgeon General, the (see Surgeon autumn General) Avenue, Constitution, etc.; the avenue Volunteer; the Volunteers; a Volun- Award: Academy, Distinguished Service, teer Merit, Mother of the Year, etc.; the army: award (see also decorations, etc.) Lee’s army; but Clark’s 5th Army Axis, the (see alliances) mobile Ayatollah

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Badlands (SD and NE) Beltway, capitalized with name; the Balkan States (see States) beltway Baltic States (see States) Bench (see Supreme Bench) Band, if part of name; the band: Benelux (see alliances) Army, Marine, Navy Bible; Biblical; Scriptures; Ten Com- Eastern, etc. (of Cherokee Indians) mandments; etc. (see also book) Bank, if part of name; the bank; capital- Bible Belt (see Belt) ized standing alone if referring to Bicentennial international bank: Commission; the Commission Export-Import Bank of the United the Bicentennial States; Ex-Im Bank; the Bank celebration, ceremony Farm Loan Bank of Dallas; Dallas State bicentennial Farm Loan Bank; farm loan bank; a bicentennial (general sense) farm loan bank at Dallas bill, Kiess; Senate bill 217; House bill Farmers & Mechanics, etc. 31 (see also appropriation bill) Federal home loan bank at Cum- Bill of Rights (historic document); but berland GI bill of rights Federal Land Bank of Louisville; Lou- Bizonia; bizonal; bizone isville Federal Land Bank; land Black (synonym for African-American) bank at Louisville; Federal land Black Caucus (see Congressional) bank bloc (see Western) Federal Reserve Bank of New York; block (grants) Richmond Federal Reserve Bank; Bluegrass region, etc. but Reserve bank at Richmond; Fed- B’nai B’rith eral Reserve bank; Reserve bank; Board, if part of name; capitalized Reserve city standing alone only if referring to First National, etc. Federal or international board: German Central; the Bank Employees’ Compensation Appeals International Bank for Reconstruction Federal Maritime and Development; the Bank Federal Reserve (see Federal) International Monetary; the Bank General (Navy) International World; the Bank Loyalty Review but blood bank, central reserve, soil Macy Board, etc. (Federal board with bank name of person) Bar, if part of name; Maryland (State) Military Production and Supply Bar Association; Maryland (State) (NATO) bar; the State bar; the bar associa- National Labor Relations tion of Directors (Federal unit); but board Barracks, if part of name; the barracks: of directors (nongovernmental) Carlisle of Health of Montgomery County; Disciplinary (Leavenworth) Montgomery County Board of Marine (District of Columbia) Health; the board of health; the but A barracks; barracks A; etc. board Base, Andrews Air Force; Air Force of Managers (of the Soldiers’ Home) base; the base (see also Naval); but of Regents (Smithsonian) Sandia Base of Visitors (Military and Naval Acad- Basin (see geographic terms) emies) Battery, the (New York City) on Geographic Names Battle, if part of name; the battle: Railroad Retirement of Gettysburg; but battle at Gettys- Bolshevik; Bolsheviki (collective plural); burg; etc. Bolshevist; bolshevism of the Bulge; of the Marne; of the Wil- bond: derness; of Waterloo; etc. Government battlefield, Bull Run, etc. savings battleground, Manassas, etc. series EE Bay, San Francisco Bay area; the bay Treasury area war Belt, if part of name; the belt: book: Bible books of the Bible Corn First Book of Samuel; etc. Cotton Good Book (synonym for Bible) Dairy book 1, I, etc.; but Book 1, when part Farm Ice of title: Book 1: The Golden Legend Oil Boolean logic Rust Boolean operator Sun Boolean search Wheat Border Patrol (U.S.) but money belt border, United States-Mexican

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Borough, if part of name: Borough of Calendar—Continued the Bronx; the borough Senate Botanic Garden (National); the garden Unanimous Consent (not Botanical Gardens) Union Bowl, Dust, Ice, Rose, etc.; the bowl Wednesday (legislative) Boxer Rebellion (see Rebellion) Cambrian age (see Ages) Boy Scouts (the organization); a Boy Camp Lejeune; David, etc.; the camp Scout; a Scout; Scouting; Eagle Canal, with name; the canal: Scout; Explorer Scout Cross-Florida Barge Branch, if part of name; capitalized Isthmian standing alone only if referring to Panama a Federal unit: Zone (Isthmian); the zone (see also Accounts Branch Government) Public Buildings Branch Cape (see geographic terms) but executive, judicial, or legislative Capital, Capital City, National Capital branch (Washington, DC); but the capital Bridge, if part of name; the bridge: (State) Arlington Memorial; Memorial Capitol Building (with State name); the Francis Scott Key; Key capitol M Street Capitol, the (Washington, DC): but Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge Architect of Brother(s) (adherent of religious order) Building Budget of the United States (publica- caucus room tion); the Budget (Office implied); Chamber the budget Cloakroom budget: dome department Grounds estimate Halls (House and Senate) Federal Halls of Congress message Hill; the Hill performance-type Police (see Police) President’s Power Plant Building, if part of name; the building: Prayer Room Capitol (see Capitol Building) Press Gallery, etc. Colorado rotunda House (or Senate) Office Senate wing Investment stationery room New House (or Senate) Office Statuary Hall Old House Office the well (House or Senate) Pentagon west front the National Archives; the Archives catch-22 Treasury; Treasury Annex caucus: Republican; but Black Caucus bulletin board service (BBS) (incorporated name); Sun Belt Cau- Bulletin 420; Farmers’ Bulletin No. 420 cus; Decimal Caucus Bureau, if part of name; capitalized CD–ROM standing alone if referring to Fed- Cemetery, if part of name: Arlington eral or international unit: National; the cemetery of Customs (name changed to U.S. Census: Customs Service) Nineteenth Decennial (title); Nine- of Engraving and Printing teenth Census (title); the census of Indian Affairs 1980 census of Social Hygiene, New York; the bu- 1980 Census of Agriculture; the cen- reau; etc. sus of agriculture; the census the 14th and subsequent decennial C–SPAN censuses Cabinet, American or foreign, if part of Center, if part of name; the Center (Fed- name or standing alone (see also eral); the center (non-Federal): foreign cabinets): Agricultural Research, etc.; the Center British Cabinet; the Cabinet (Federal) the President’s Cabinet; the Cabinet; Kennedy Center for the Performing Cabinet officer, member Arts; the Kennedy Center; the Cen- cache ter (Federal) Calendar, if part of name; the calendar: the Lincoln Center; the center (non- Consent; etc. Federal) House central Asia, etc. No. 99; Calendars Nos. 1 and 2 Central America of Bills and Resolutions Central Europe Private central processing unit (CPU)

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Central States Circle—Continued central time (see time) Logan century, first, 21st, etc. but great circle Chair, the, if personified Circular 420 Chairman: cities, sections of, official or popular of the Board of Directors; the Chair- names: man (Federal); but chairman of the East Side board of directors (non-Federal) French Quarter (New Orleans) of the Committee of the Whole House; Latin Quarter (Paris) the Chairman North End of the Federal Trade Commission; the Northwest Washington, etc. (District Chairman of Columbia); the Northwest; but chairman (congressional): northwest (directional) of the Appropriations Committee the Loop (Chicago) of the Subcommittee on Banking City, if part of corporate or popular but Chairman Davis name; the city: Chamber of Commerce; the chamber: Hub (Boston) of Ada; Ada Chamber of Commerce; Kansas City; the two Kansas Citys the chamber of commerce Mexico City of the United States; U.S. Chamber New York City; but city of New York of Commerce; the chamber of com- Twin Cities merce; national chamber Washington City; but city of Washing- Chamber, the (Senate or House) ton channel 3 (TV); the channel Windy City (Chicago) Chaplain (House or Senate); but Navy but Reserve city (see Bank) chaplain civil action No. 46 chapter 5, II, etc.; but Chapter 5, when civil defense part of title: Chapter 5: Research Civil Service Commission (obsolete) and Development; Washington (now Office of Personnel Manage- chapter, Red Cross ment) Charge´ d’Affaires, British, etc.; the Civil War (see War) Charge´ d’Affaires; the Charge´ Clan, if part of tribal name; Clan Mac- chart 2, A, II, etc.; but Chart 2, when Arthur; the clan part of legend: Chart 2.—Army class 2, A, II, etc.; but Class 2 when strength part of title: Class 2: Leather Prod- Charter, capitalized with name; the ucts charter: Clerk, the, of the House of Representa- Atlantic tives; of the Supreme Court of the United Nations United States cheese: Camembert, Cheddar, Par- clerk, the, of the Senate mesan, Provolone, Roquefort, etc. client Chief, if referring to head of Federal client/server unit; the Chief: coal sizes: pea, barley, buckwheat, stove, Forester (see Forester) etc. Intelligence Office coalition; coalition force; coalition mem- Justice (U.S. Supreme Court); but bers, etc. chief justice (of a State) coast: Atlantic, east, gulf, west, etc. Magistrate (the President) Coast Guard, U.S.; the Coast Guard; of Division of Publications Coastguardsman Smith; but a coast- of Engineers (Army) guardsman; a guardsman; Reserve of Naval Operations Coastal Plain (Atlantic and Gulf) of Staff Code (in shortened title of a publica- Chief Clerk, if referring to head of Fed- tion); the code: eral unit District Chief Judge, if referring to Federal unit Federal Criminal Christian; Christian name, etc.; Chris- Internal Revenue (also Tax Code) tendom; Christianity; Christianize; International (signal) but christen of Federal Regulations church and state Penal; Criminal; etc. church calendar: Pennsylvania State Christmas Radio Television Easter Uniform Code of Military Justice Lent United States Whitsuntide (Pentecost) ZIP Code (copyrighted) Church, if part of name of organization but civil code; flag code; Morse code or building codel (congressional delegation) Circle, if part of name; the circle: collection, Brady, etc.; the collection Arctic collector of customs

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College, if part of name; the college: Committee (or Subcommittee)—Contin- Armed Forces Staff ued Command and General Staff Interagency Advisory Committee on Gettysburg Domestic Transport and Storage National War and Post Utilization; the Committee of Bishops Joint Committee on Taxation; the but electoral college Joint Committee; the committee; college degrees: bachelor of arts, mas- but a joint committee ter’s, etc. of Defense Ministers (NATO); the Colonials (American Colonial Army); but Committee (see also Organization, colonial times, etc. North Atlantic Treaty) Colonies, the: of One Hundred, etc.; the committee Thirteen on Finance; the committee Thirteen American on Public Safety; the committee Thirteen Original President’s Advisory Committee on but 13 separate Colonies Management; the Committee colonists, the Republican National; the national Command, capitalize with name; the committee; the committee; Repub- command: lican national committeeman Air Materiel Republican policy committee; the com- GHQ Far East mittee Joint Far Eastern Senate policy committee Potomac River Naval Subcommittee No. 5, etc.; the sub- Zone of Interior committee Commandant, the (Coast Guard or Ma- Subcommittee on Immigration; the rine Corps only) subcommittee Commandos, the; Commando raid; a but Baker committee commando ad hoc committee Commission (if part of name; capitalized conference committee standing alone if referring to Fed- Committee Print No. 32; Committee eral or international commission): Prints Nos. 8 and 9; committee Alaska Road print International Boundary, United Common Cause States, Alaska, and Canada Common Gateway Interface (CGI) of Fine Arts Commonwealth of Australia, Virginia, on Civil Rights etc.; British Commonwealth; the Public Buildings Commonwealth Commissioner, if referring to Federal or Commune (of Paris) international commission; the Com- Communist; communism; communistic missioner: Compact Disk Interactive (CD–I) Land Bank; but land bank commis- Compact Disk—Read Only Memory sioner loans (CD–ROM) of Customs Compact Disk—Recordable (CD–R) of Immigration and Naturalization compact, U.S. marine fisheries, etc.; the of the Five Civilized Tribes, etc. compact U.S. (International Boundary Com- Company, if part of name; capitalized mission, etc.) standing alone if referring to unit but a U.S. commissioner of Federal Government: Committee (or Subcommittee) (if part of Alaska Railroad Company; the Com- name; the Committee, if referring to pany international or noncongressional Panama Railroad Company; the Com- Federal committee or to the Com- pany mittee of the Whole, the Committee Procter & Gamble Co.; the company of the Whole House, or the Commit- COM port tee of the Whole House on the State Comptroller of the Currency; the Comp- of the Union): troller American Medical Association Com- Comptroller General (U.S.); the Comp- mittee on Education; the committee troller on education; the committee Comsat Appropriations, etc.; the committee; Concord Subcommittee on Appropriations; conelrad the subcommittee; subcommittee of Confederacy (of the South) the Appropriations Committee Confederate: Democratic National; the national Army committee; the committee; Demo- Government cratic national committeeman soldier Democratic policy committee; the com- States mittee Confederation, Swiss; the Confederation

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Conference, if referring to governmental Convention, governmental (U.S.), inter- (U.S.) or international conference: national, or national political; the Bretton Woods; the Conference convention: Judicial Conference of the United Constitutional (United States, 1787); States; U.S. Judicial Conference; the Convention Judicial Conference; the Conference Democratic National; Democratic Tenth Annual Conference of the Genocide (international) United Methodist Churches; the 19th Annual Convention of the Amer- ican Legion conference on International Civil Aviation Congress (convention), if part of name; Universal Postal Union; Postal Union capitalized standing alone if refer- also International Postal; Warsaw ring to international congress: copper age (see Ages) International Good Roads; Good Corn Belt (see Belt) Roads; the Congress Corporation, if part of name; the Cor- of Parents and Teachers, National; poration, if referring to unit of Fed- the congress eral Government: Congress (legislature), if referring to na- Commodity Credit tional congress: Federal Deposit Insurance of Bolivia, etc.; the Congress National Railroad Passenger (Amtrak) of the United States; First, Second, Rand Corp.; the corporation (see also 11th, 82d, etc.; the Congress abbreviations) Congressional: St. Lawrence Seaway Development Black Caucus; the Black Caucus; the Corporation caucus Union Carbide Corp.; the corporation Directory, the directory Virgin Islands District, First, 11th, etc.; the First Corps, if part of name; the corps, all other uses: District; the congressional district; Adjutant General’s the district Army Hospital Library; the Library Artillery Medal of Honor (see decorations) Chemical but congressional action, committee, Counterintelligence etc. Enlisted Reserve Congressman; Congresswoman; Con- Finance gressman at Large; Member of Con- Foreign Service Officer (see Foreign gress; Member; membership Service) Constitution, with name of country; cap- Job italized standing alone when refer- Judge Advocate General’s ring to a specific national constitu- Marine (see Marine Corps) tion; but New York State Constitu- Medical tion; the constitution Military Police constitutional Nurse consul, British, etc. of Cadets (West Point) consul general, British, etc. of Engineers; Army Engineers; the consulate, British, etc. Engineers; but Army engineer; the Consultative Committee for Inter- corps national Telegraphy and Telephony Officers’ Reserve Ordnance (CCITT) Peace; Peace Corpsman; the corpsman Consumer Price Index (official title); the Quartermaster price index; the index; but a con- Reserve Officers’ Training (ROTC) sumers’ price index (descriptive) VII Corps, etc. Contadora group Signal Continent, only if following name; Amer- Teachers; but Teacher Corps Act ican Continent; the continent; but Transportation the Continent (continental Europe) Women’s Army (WAC); a Wac; the Continental: Wacs Army; the Army Youth Congress; the Congress but diplomatic corps Divide (see Divide) corpsman; hospital corpsman Outer Continental Shelf corridor, Northeast Shelf; the shelf; a continental shelf Cotton Belt (see Belt) continental: Council, if part of name; capitalized Europe, United States, etc. standing alone if referring to Fed- not worth a continental [dollar] eral or international unit (see also Continentals (Revolutionary soldiers) United Nations): Contra Boston City; the council

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Council—Continued Dalles, The; but the Dalles region Choctaw, etc.; the council Dam (see geographic terms) Her Majesty’s Privy Council; the Privy Dark Ages (see Ages) Council; the Council Daughters of the American Revolution; National Security; the Council a Real Daughter; King’s Daughters; of Foreign Ministers (NATO); the a Daughter Council daylight saving time of the Organization of American days (see holidays) States; the Council Declaration, capitalized with name: Philadelphia Common; the council of Independence; the Declaration counsel; general counsel of Panama; the declaration County, Prince George’s; county of decorations, medals, etc., awarded by Prince George’s; County Kilkenny, United States or any foreign na- etc.; Loudoun and Fauquier Coun- tional government; the medal, the ties; the county cross, the ribbon (see also Award): Court (of law) capitalized if part of Air Medal name; capitalized standing alone if Bronze Star Medal referring to the Supreme Court of Commendation Ribbon the United States, to the Court of Congressional Medal of Honor Impeachment (U.S. Senate), or to Croix de Guerre an international court: Circuit Court of the United States for Distinguished Flying Cross the Tenth Circuit; Circuit Court for Distinguished Service Cross the Tenth Circuit; the circuit court; Distinguished Service Medal the court; the tenth circuit Good Conduct Medal Court of Appeals for the State of Iron Cross North Carolina, etc.; the Tenth Cir- Legion of Merit cuit Court of Appeals; the court of Medal for Merit appeals; the court Medal of Freedom Court of Claims; the court Medal of Honor Court of Customs and Patent Appeals; Purple Heart the court Silver Star Medal Court of Impeachment, the Senate; Soldier’s Medal the Court Victoria Cross District Court of the United States for Victory Medal the Eastern District of Missouri; the but oakleaf cluster district court; the court Emergency Court of Appeals, United also Carnegie Medal; Olympic Gold States; the court Medal; but gold medal International Court of Justice; the Decree (see Executive; Royal Decree) Court Deep South Permanent Court of Arbitration; the Defense Establishment (see Establish- Court ment) Superior Court of the District of Co- De Gaulle Free French; Free French; lumbia; the superior court; the court but General de Gaulle; de Gaullist Supreme Court of the United States Deity, words denoting, capitalized (see Supreme Court) Delegate (U.S. Congress) Supreme Court of Virginia, etc.; the delegate (to a conference); the delegate; supreme court; the court the delegation Tax Court; the court Delta, Mississippi River; the delta U.S. Court of Appeals for the District Department, if part of name; capitalized of Columbia; the court standing alone if referring to a Fed- Covenant, League of Nations; the cov- eral or international unit: enant of Agriculture Creed, Apostles’; the Creed of the Treasury Crown, if referring to a ruler; but crown Yale University Department of Eco- colony, lands, etc. nomics; the department of econom- cruise missile ics; the department Current, if part of name; the current: Department of New York, American Le- Arctic gion Humboldt department: Japan executive North Equatorial judicial customhouse; customs official legislative czar; czarist Depot, if part of name; the depot (see also Station) database Depression, Great database management system (DBMS) Deputy, if part of capitalized title; but Dairy Belt (see Belt) the deputy

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derivatives of proper names: derivatives of proper names—Continued alaska seal (fur) india ink saratoga chips turkey red angora wool india rubber scotch plaid, but turkish towel angstrom unit italic type Scotch tape utopia, utopian apache (Paris) jamaica ginger (trademark) vandyke collar argyle wool japan varnish shanghai vaseline artesian well jersey fabric siamese twins venetian blind astrakhan fabric johnin test simon pure venturi tube axminster rug joule spanish omelet victoria (carriage) babbitt metal kafircorn stillson wrench vienna bread benday process knickerbocker stubs wire virginia reel bohemian set kraft paper surah silk wedgwoodware bologna sausage lambert swiss cheese, but wheatstone bridge bordeaux mixture leghorn hat Swiss watch wilton rug bourbon whiskey levant leather taintor gate woodruff key bowie knife levantine silk timothy grass zeppelin braille lilliputian brazil nut logan tent desktop management interface (DMI) brazilwood london purple deutsche mark brewer’s yeast lufbery circle dial-up bristolboard lyonnaise potatoes Diet, Japanese (legislative body) britannia metal macadamized road diplomatic corps (see also Corps; service) britanniaware mach (no period) Director, if referring to head of Federal brussels carpet number or international unit; the Director: brussels sprouts madras cloth bunsen burner District Director of Internal Revenue maginot line of Coast and Geodetic Survey burley tobacco (nonliteral) canada balsam manila paper of Fish and Wildlife Service (microscopy) maraschino cherry Office of Management and Budget carlsbad twins mason jar of the Mint (petrography) maxwell but director, board of directors (non- cashmere shawl melba toast governmental) castile soap mercerized fabric Director General of Foreign Service; the cesarean section merino sheep chantilly lace Director General; the Director molotov cocktail diseases and related terms: chesterfield coat morocco leather china clay morris chair AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency chinese blue murphy bed syndrome) climax basket navy blue Alzheimer’s disease collins (drink) cerebral palsy congo red nelson, half nelson, cordovan leather etc. Down’s syndrome coulomb neon light German measles curie newmarket cloak Hodgkin’s disease decauville rail newton Lyme disease degaussing nissen hut Marfan’s syndrome apparatus norfolk jacket oriental rug Meniere’s syndrome delftware myasthenia gravis derby hat osnaburg cloth diesel engine, oxford shoe Parkinson’s disease dieselize panama hat Reye’s syndrome dotted swiss parianware spina bifida epsom salt paris green Distinguished Service Medal, etc. (see fedora hat parkerhouse roll decorations) fletcherize pasteurized milk persian lamb District, if part of name; the district: frankfurt sausage Alexandria School District No. 4; frankfurter petri dish french chalk pharisaic school district No. 4 french dressing philistine Chicago Sanitary; the sanitary district french-fried photostat Congressional (with number) potatoes pitman arm Federal (see Federal) fuller’s earth pitot tube 1st Naval; naval district gargantuan plaster of paris Los Angeles Water; the water district gauss prussian blue Manhattan Engineer (atomic) georgette crepe quisling german silver quixotic idea but customs district No. 2; first as- gilbert quonset hut sembly district glauber salt rembert wheel District of Columbia; the District: gothic type roentgen Anacostia Flats; the flats graham bread roman candle Arlington Memorial Bridge; the Me- harderian gland roman cement morial Bridge; the bridge harveyized steel roman type District jail; the jail; DC jail herculean task russia leather hessian fly russian bath Ellipse, the holland cloth rutherford General Hospital; the hospital hoolamite detector sanforize Highway Bridge; 14th Street Bridge; hudson seal (fur) saratoga chips the bridge

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District of Columbia—Continued Eastern: Mall, The National; The Mall Europe (political entity) Mayor (when pertaining to the Dis- Far (Orient) (see Far East) trict of Columbia only) Gulf States Metropolitan Police; Metropolitan po- Hemisphere (see Hemisphere) liceman; the police Middle, Mideastern (Asia) Monument Grounds; the grounds North Central States Monument, Washington; the monu- Shore (Chesapeake Bay) ment States police court United States Public Library; the library eastern: Reflecting Pool; the pool France Tidal Basin; the basin seaboard Washington Channel; the channel time, eastern standard time (see time) Divide, Continental (Rocky Mountains); Wisconsin the divide easterner Divine Father; but divine guidance, di- EE-bond vine providence, divine service electoral college; the electors Division, Army, if part of name: 1st Cav- Elizabethan Age (see Ages) alry Division; 1st Air Cavalry Divi- Emancipation Proclamation (see Procla- sion; the division mation) Division, if referring to Federal govern- Embassy, British, etc.; the Embassy mental unit; the Division: Emperor, Japanese, etc.; the Emperor Buick Division; the division; a division Empire, Ottoman; the empire of General Motors Engine Company, Bethesda; engine com- Passport; the Division pany No. 6; No. 6 engine company; but Trinity River division (reclama- the company tion); the division Engineer officer, etc. (of Engineer Dixie; Dixiecrat Corps); the Engineers docket No. 66; dockets Nos. 76 and 77 Engineers, Chief of (Army) Doctrine, Monroe; the doctrine; but Tru- Engineers, Corps of (see Corps) man, Eisenhower doctrine Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plen- doctrine, fairness ipotentiary; the Envoy; the Minister Document, if part of name; the docu- Equator, the; equatorial ment: Establishment, if part of name; the es- Document No. 130 tablishment: Document Numbered One Hundred Army and Thirty Army Field Document Style and Semantics Lan- Defense guage (DSSL) Federal Domain Name Service (DNS) Military Dominion of Canada, of New Zealand, Naval; but naval establishments etc.; the Dominion; but British do- Navy minions; a dominion; dominion sta- Postal Regular tus Reserve dots per inch (dpi) Shore Draconian but civil establishment; legislative es- drawing II, A, 3, etc.; but Drawing 2 tablishment when part of title: Drawing 2.—Hy- Estate, Girard (a foundation); the estate droelectric Power Development estate, third (the commons); fourth (the Dust Bowl (see Bowl) press); etc. Eurodollar e-mail (lowercase within a sentence) European theater of operations; the Eu- E-mail (uppercase ‘‘E’’ to start a sen- ropean theater; the theater tence) Excellency, His; Their Excellencies Earth (planet) Exchange, New York Stock; the stock East: exchange; the exchange Coast (Africa) Executive (President of United States): Europe (political entity) Middle, Mideast (Asia) Chief Near (Balkans) Decree No. 100; Decree 100; but Exec- Side of New York utive decree; direction South Central States Document No. 95 the East (section of United States); Mansion; the mansion; the White also Communist political entity House east: Office; the Office Africa Order No. 34; Order 34; but Executive coast (U.S.) order Pennsylvania power

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executive: firm names—Continued agreement document Bausch & Lomb Inc. branch paper Bristol Myers Squibb Co. communication privilege department Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. Champion International Corp. exhibit 2, A, II, etc.; but Exhibit 2, when Coldwell Banker part of title: Exhibit 2: Capital Ex- Colgate-Palmolive Co. penditures, 1935–49 Curtiss-Wright Corp. Expedition, Byrd; Lewis and Clark; the DeVilbiss Air Power Co. expedition Dow Jones & Co., Inc. Experiment Station (see Station) Dun & Bradstreet Explorer I, etc. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Exposition, California-Pacific Inter- Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. national, etc.; the exposition Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. Express, if part of name: Federal Ex- (A&P) press, the Hamilton Beach/Proctor Silex, Inc. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Inter- Hartmarx Corp. change Code (EBCDIC) Hewlett-Packard Extensible Markup Language (XML) Houghton Mifflin Co. Ingersoll-Rand Co. Fair Deal Intel Corp. Fair, World’s, etc.; the fair; Texas State Johns-Manville Corp. Fair Kennecott Exploration Co. fall (season) Kmart Falls, Niagara; the falls Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. Far East, Far Eastern (the Orient); Far Macmillan Co. West (U.S.); but far western MCI Worldcom Farm, if part of name; the farm: Merck Sharp & Dohme Johnson Farm; but Johnson’s farm Merrill Lynch & Co. San Diego Farm Microsoft Wild Tiger Farm Olin Corp. Farm Belt (see Belt) J.C. Penney Co., Inc. Fascist; Fascisti; fascistic; fascism Phelps Dodge Corp. Father of his Country (Washington) Pfizer Inc. Fathers (Founding) PricewaterhouseCoopers Fed, the (no period) Procter & Gamble Co. Federal (synonym for United States or Rand McNally & Co. other sovereign power): Rolls-Royce District (Mexico) Sears, Roebuck & Co. Establishment Smith Corona Corp. Government (of any national govern- SmithKline Beecham ment) Sun Microsystems grand jury; the grand jury Sunoco Inc. land bank (see Bank) 3M Register (publication); the Register Trans World Airlines Reserve bank (see Bank) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Reserve Board, the Board; also Fed- Unisys Corp. eral Reserve System, the System; US Airways Federal Reserve Board Regulation USX Corporation W, but regulation W Wal-Mart Weyerhaeuser Co. but a federal form of government Xerox Corp. Federal Bulletin Board (FBB) First Family (Presidential) Federal Depository Gateways First Lady (wife of President) federally First World War (see War) fellow, fellowship (academic); (lowercase flag code with name) flag, U.S.: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Old Flag, Old Glory Field, Byrd, Stewart, etc.; the field Stars and Stripes figure 2, A, II, etc. (illustration); but Fig- Star-Spangled Banner ure 2, when part of legend: Figure flags, foreign: 2.—Market scenes Tricolor (French) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Union Jack (British) firewall United Nations firm names: Fleet, if part of name; the fleet: ACDelco Atlantic Aluminium, Ltd. Channel America Online Grand Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. High Seas

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Fleet—Continued Founding Fathers; Founders/Founder (of Marine Force this Nation, Country) Naval Reserve four freedoms Pacific, etc. (naval) Framers (of the U.S. Constitution; of the 6th Fleet, etc. U.S. Bill of Rights) floor (House or Senate) free world flyway; Canadian flyway, etc. Frisco (for San Francisco; no apos- Force(s), if part of name; the force(s): trophe) Active Forces Fritalux (see alliances) Active-Duty Fund, if part of name; capitalized stand- Air (see also Air Force) ing alone if referring to inter- All-Volunteer national or United Nations fund: Armed Forces (synonym for overall Common Market Fund; the Fund U.S. Military Establishment) Development Loan Fund; the Fund Army Field Forces; the Field Forces (U.S. Government corporation) Fleet Marine International Monetary; the Fund Navy Battle (see Navy) Rockefeller Endowment; the fund Navy Scouting (see Navy); Reserve Special Projects (United Nations); the Force Fund Rapid Deployment but civil service retirement fund; high- 7th Task; the task force; but task way trust fund; mutual security force report (Hoover Commission) fund; national service life insurance United Nations Emergency; the Emer- fund; revolving fund gency Force; the Force; but United Nations police force Gadsden Purchase foreign cabinets: Gallery of Art, National (see National) Foreign Office; the Office Gallup Poll; the poll Minister of Foreign Affairs; Foreign gateway Minister; the Minister Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP) Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Min- Geiger counter istry Premier General Board (of Navy) (see Board) Prime Minister General Order No. 14; General Orders Foreign Legion (French); the legion No. 14; a general order Foreign Service; the Service: General Schedule officer gentile Officer Corps; the corps Geographer, the (State Department) geographic terms (terms, such as those Reserve officer; the Reserve officer 3 Reserve Officer Corps; the Reserve listed below, are capitalized if part Corps; the corps of name; are lowercased in general Staff officer; the Staff officer sense (rivers of Virginia and Mary- Staff Officer Corps; the Staff Corps; land)): Archipelago Branch (stream) the corps Area Brook Forest, if part of name; the national for- Arroyo Butte est; the forest: Atoll Canal; the canal Angeles National Bank (Panama) Black Bar Canyon Coconino and Prescott National For- Basin, Upper Cape (Lower) Colorado Cascade ests Cave but State and National forests (see River, etc. (legal entity); but Cavern System) Hansen flood- Channel; but Forester (Chief of Forest Service); the control basin; Mississippi River Chief; also Chief Forester Missouri River channel(s) form 2, A, II, etc.; but Form 2, when basin (drainage); Cirque part of title: Form 1040: Individual upper Colorado Coulee River storage Cove Income Tax Return; but withholding Crag tax form project Bay Crater Format Output Specifications Instance Bayou Creek (FOSI) Beach Crossroads Fort McHenry, etc.; the fort Bench Current (ocean fea- Foundation, if part of name; capitalized ture) Bend Cut standing alone if referring to Fed- Bight Cutoff eral unit: Bluff Bog Dam Chemical; the foundation Borough (boro) Delta Ford; the foundation Bottom Desert Infantile Paralysis; the foundation National Science; the Foundation 3 List compiled with cooperation of the U.S. Russell Sage; the foundation Board on Geographic Names.

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geographic terms—Continued Government Information Locator Serv- Divide Neck ice (GILS) Dome (not geologic) Needle Government information product Draw (stream) Notch government: Dune Oasis Churchill Escarpment Ocean Estuary Oxbow Communist Falls Palisades District (of Columbia) Fault Park European governments Flat(s) Pass Federal, State, and municipal govern- Floodway Passage ments Ford Peak insular; island Forest Peninsula military Fork (stream) Plain Plateau seat of Gap State Geyser Point Glacier Pond State and Provincial governments Glen Pool Territorial Gorge Port (water body) governmental Gulch Prairie Governor: Gulf Range (mountain) of Louisiana, etc.; the Governor; a Gut Rapids Governor; State Governor(s); Gov- Harbor Ravine ernors’ conference Head Reef Reservoir of Puerto Rico; the Governor Hill of the Federal Reserve Board; the Hogback Ridge Hollow River Governor Hook Roads (anchorage) Governor General of Canada; the Gov- Horn Rock ernor General Hot Spring Run (stream) GPO Access Icefield Sea grade, market (see market grades) Ice Shelf Seaway Shoal grand jury (see Federal) Inlet Grange, the (National) Island Sink Isle Slough grant, Pell Islet Sound graph 2, A, II, etc.; but Graph 2, when Keys (Florida only) Spit part of title: Graph 2.—Production Knob Spring levels Lagoon Spur Graphical Device Interface (GDI) Lake Strait Stream Graphical User Interface (GUI) Landing Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) Ledge Summit Lowland Swamp Great: Marsh Terrace Basin Massif Thoroughfare Beyond Mesa Trench Depression Monument Trough Divide Moraine Valley Volcano Lakes; the lakes; lake(s) traffic Mound Plains; but southern Great Plains Mount Wash Mountain Waterway Rebellion (see Rebellion) Narrows Woods Seal (any nation) Society Geological Survey (see Survey) War (see War) GI bill of rights White Way (New York City) Girl Scouts (organization); a Girl Scout; great circle (navigation) a Scout; Scouting Greater Los Angeles, Greater New York G-man gross national product (GNP) Gold Star Mothers (see American) Group: Golden Age (see Ages) G 7 (Group of 7) (representatives of Golden Rule the seven leading industrial na- tions) gopher Helsinki Monitoring; the group Gospel, if referring to the first four Military Advisory Group; the group books of the New Testament; but Standing (see Organization) gospel truth group 2, II, A, etc.; but Group 2, when Government: part of title: Group II: List of Coun- British, etc.; the Government ties by States Canal Zone; the government guaranteed annual wage (GAW) department, officials, -owned, publica- Guard, National (see National) tions, etc. (U.S. Government) guardsman (see Coast Guard; National National and State Governments Guard) Printing Office (see Office) Gulf: U.S.; National; Federal Coast States; but gulf coast

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Gulf—Continued holidays and some special days—Contin- of Mexico; the gulf ued States Presidents Day Stream; the stream Rosh Hashanah St. Valentines Day Hall (U.S. Senate or House) Thanksgiving Day Halls of Congress V–E Day; V–J Day H-bomb; H-hour Veterans (no apostrophe) Day Headquarters: Washington’s Birthday Alaska Command; the command head- Yom Kippur quarters but election day; primary day 4th Regiment Headquarters; regimen- Holocaust (World War II); a holocaust tal headquarters Holy Scriptures; Holy Writ (Bible) 32d Division Headquarters; the divi- Home (see Naval; Soldiers’) sion headquarters home page hearing examiner Hospice, if part of name Heaven (Deity); heaven (place) Hospital, if part of name; the hospital: Heimlich maneuver District of Columbia General hell (place) 5th Regiment Hells (no apostrophe) Canyon Freedmen’s Hemisphere, Eastern; Western; etc.; the St. Elizabeths (no apostrophe) hemisphere but naval (marine or Army) hospital High Church hospital corpsman (see corpsman) High Commissioner House, if part of name: High Court (see Supreme Court) Johnson house (private residence) High School, if part of name: Western; Lee (hotel); the house the high school of Representatives; the House (U.S.) Highway Bridge (Washington, DC); the of the Woods (palace); the house bridge Office Building (see Building) Highway No. 40; Route 40; State Route Ohio (State); the house 9; the highway but both Houses; lower (or upper) Hill (the Capitol) House (Congress) His Excellency the Duke of Argyll, etc.; House of Representatives (U.S.), titles His Excellency; Their Excellencies of officers standing alone capital- His Majesty; Her Majesty; Their Maj- ized: esties Chairman (Committee of the Whole) Hispanic Chaplain historic events and epochs: Clerk; but legislative clerk, etc. Reformation, the Doorkeeper Official Reporter(s) of Debates Renaissance, the Parliamentarian Restoration, the (English) Postmaster Revolution of July (French) post office Revolution, the (American, 1775; Sergeant at Arms French, 1789; English, 1688) Speaker pro tempore holidays and some special days: Speaker; speakership Admission Day HUD (Department of Housing and All Fools’ (April Fools’) Day Urban Development) Arbor Day Hudson’s Bay Co. Armed Forces Day Hurricane Dale, Danny, Darcy, etc. Christmas Day, Eve HyperText-browser for Telnet accessible Columbus Day sites (HYTELNET) D-day; D-plus-4-day Father’s Day HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Flag Day HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Founders’ Day HyperText Transfer Protocol Daemon Fourth of July (HTTPD) Halloween Hanukkah ice age (see Ages) Hogmanay Indians: Inauguration Day (Federal) Absentee Shawnee Independence Day (Fourth of July) Alaska (see Native) Labor Day Eastern (or Lower) Band of Cherokee; Lincoln’s Birthday the band Lord’s day Five Civilized Tribes; the tribes M-day (mobilization day) Native Americans Martin Luther King, Jr., Day Shawnee Tribe; the tribe Memorial Day (also Decoration Day) Six Nations (Iroquois Confederacy) Mother’s Day Initiative, Caribbean Basin; but strate- New Year’s Day, Eve gic defense initiative

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Inquisition, Spanish; the Inquisition Kennedy round inspector general Kermit Institute, if part of name; capitalized King of England, etc.; the King standing alone if referring to Fed- Koran, the; Koranic eral or international organization: Krugerrand National Cancer; the Cancer Institute; the Institute Laboratory, if part of name; capitalized National Institutes of Health; the In- standing alone if referring to Fed- stitutes eral unit: Forest Products; the Lab- of International Law; the Institute oratory; but laboratory (non-Fed- Woman’s Institute; the institute eral) Institution, if part of name; capitalized Lake: Erie, of the Woods, Salt; the lake standing alone if referring to Fed- Lane, if part of name: Maiden; the lane eral unit: Latter-day Saints Brookings; the institution law, Walsh-Healey, etc.; law 176; law Carnegie; the institution No. 176; copyright law; Ohm’s, etc. Smithsonian; the Institution League, Urban; the league insular government; island government Legation, Finnish, etc.; the Legation Integrated Services Digital Network Legion: (ISDN) American; the Legion; a Legionnaire; intercoastal waterway (see waterway) French Foreign; the legion interdepartmental Legislative Assembly, if part of name: interface of New York; of Puerto Rico, etc.; International Court of Justice; the Court the legislative assembly; the assem- international: bly banks (see Bank) legislative branch, clerk, session, etc. dateline Legislature: boundary National Legislature (U.S. Congress); law the Legislature Morse code (see Code) Ohio Legislature; Legislature of Ohio; International Telecommunications the State legislature; the legislature Union (ITU) Letters Patent No. 378,964; but patent Internet, Intranet No. 378,964; letters patent Internet Control Message Protocol Liberty Bell; Liberty ship (ICMP) Librarian of Congress; the Librarian Internet Protocol (IP) Library: Internet service provider (ISP) Army; the library Interstate 95; I–95; the interstate Harry S. Truman; the library Intracoastal Waterway; the waterway of Congress; the Library (see also waterway) Hillsborough Public; the library intrastate Lieutenant Governor of Idaho, etc.; the Irish potato Lieutenant Governor Iron Cross (see decorations) Light, if part of name; the light: Iron Curtain; the curtain Boston Isthmian Canal (see Canal) Buffalo South Pier Light 2; but light Isthmus of Panama; the isthmus No. 2; light 2 Ivory Coast but Massachusetts Bay lights Lighthouse (see Light Station) Japan Current (see Current) Lightship, if part of name; the lightship: Java Grays Reef Lightship Java applets North Manitou Shoal Lightship JavaBeans Light Station, if part of name; the light JavaScript station; the station: Jersey cattle Minots Ledge Light Station Job Corps Watch Hill Light Station Joint Chiefs of Staff; Chiefs of Staff Line(s), if part of name; the line(s): Joint Committee on Printing (see Com- Burlington Lines (railroad) mittee) Greyhound Line (bus) Joint Photographic Experts Group Holland-America Line (steamship) (JPEG) Maginot (fortification) Journal clerk; the clerk line: Journal (House or Senate) DEW (Distant Early Warning) Judge Advocate General, the Mason-Dixon line or Mason and Dix- judge; chief judge; circuit judge; district on’s line judge; but Judge Bryan Pinetree Justice; Justice O’Connor State just in time (JIT) Link Access Procedure for Modems judiciary, the (LAPM)

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listserv Medicare Act; Medicare plan Little Inch; Big Inch (pipelines) Medicare Program local area network (LAN) MediCal Local: Teamsters Local Union No. 15; Medicare-plus but local No. 15 Medigap local time, local standard time (see time) Member, if referring to Senator, Rep- locator service resentative, Delegate, or Resident Loop, the (see cities) Commissioner of U.S. Congress; Louisiana Purchase also Member at Large; Member of Low Church Parliament, etc.; but membership; Lower, if part of name: member of U.S. congressional com- California (Mexico) mittee Colorado River Basin Memorial: Jefferson, Lincoln, Vietnam, Egypt etc.; the memorial Peninsula (of Michigan) Merchant Marine Reserve; the Reserve; lower: but U.S. merchant marine; the mer- 48 (States) chant marine House of Congress methods of access Mississippi Metroliner Metropolitan Washington, etc.; but MacTCP Washington metropolitan area MacWais MHz Mafia midcontinent region Magna Carta Middle Ages (see Ages) Majesty, His, Her (see His Majesty) Middle Atlantic States Majority Leader Lott; but the majority Middle East; Mideast; Mideastern; Mid- leader (U.S. Congress) dle Eastern (Asia) Mall, The National; The Mall (District middle Europe of Columbia) Middle West, Midwest (section of United Mansion, Executive (see Executive) States) map 3, A, II, etc.; but Map 2, when part Middle Western States; Midwestern of title: Map 2.—Railroads of Middle States; but midwestern farmers, etc. Atlantic States Midsouth (section of United States) mariculture Military Academy (see Academy) Marine Corps; the corps: Military Establishment (see Establish- Marines (the corps); but marines (indi- ment) viduals) Militia, if part of name; the militia: Organized Reserve; the Reserve 1st Regiment Ohio also a marine; a woman marine; the Indiana women marines (individuals); sol- Naval diers, sailors, coastguardsmen, and of Ohio marines Organized Maritime Provinces (Canada) (see Prov- milkshed, Ohio, etc. (region) ince) millennium market grades and classes: millions of instructions per second U.S. grade A (MIPS) barley: Western, Mixed, Malting Two- Minister Plenipotentiary; the Minister; rowed Minister Without Portfolio (see also beans: Red Kidney, U.S. No. 2 Pea foreign cabinets) cattle: Prime, Choice, Good Ministry (see foreign cabinets) corn: Yellow, White, Mixed, Dent Minority Leader Thomas A. Daschle; but cotton: Middling, Strict Good Ordi- the minority leader (U.S. Congress) nary, Strict Low Middling, Good Or- Mint, Philadelphia, etc.; the mint dinary, etc. minutemen (colonial) hay: Timothy Light Clover Mixed, Up- missiles: capitalize such missile names land Prairie as Hawk, Hound Dog, Redeye, Scud, oats: White, Red, Mixed Trident, etc.; but cruise missile, air- soybeans: Yellow, Black, Mixed to-air missile, surface-to-air missile, tobacco: Flue-cured, Fire-cured, Cigar- etc. wrapper Mission, if part of name; the mission: wheat: Hard Red Spring, Red Durum, Gospel Mission Durum, Hard Red Winter, White, Mission 66 Mixed, etc. but diplomatic mission; military mis- wool: Grade 60’s or one-half blood sion; Jones mission Marshal (see Supreme Court) Monument: marshal (U.S.) Bunker Hill; the monument medals (see decorations) Grounds; the grounds (Washington Medicaid Monument)

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Monument—Continued Naval—Continued National (see National) Home (Philadelphia); the home Washington; the monument (District Militia; the militia of Columbia) Observatory (see Observatory) Moon Potomac River Naval Command (see Mountain States Command) mountain time, mountain standard time Reserve; the Reserve; a reservist (see time) Reserve Force; the force Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) Reserve officer; a Reserve officer Mr. Chairman; Mr. Secretary; etc. Shipyard (if preceding or following MS–DOS name): Brooklyn Naval Shipyard; Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn; but the (MIME) naval shipyard Museum, capitalize with name; the mu- Station (if preceding or following seum: name): Key West Naval Station; Army Medical; the Medical Museum Naval Station, Key West; the sta- Field tion National Volunteer Naval Reserve National Air; the Air Museum War College; the War College; the col- lege Narrowband ISDN (N–ISDN) naval, in general sense: Nation (synonym for United States); but command (see Command) a nation; nationwide; also French district (see District) nation, Balkan nations expenditures, maneuvers, officer, serv- Nation, Creek; Osage; etc.; the nation ice, stores, etc. nation, in general, standing alone petroleum reserves; but Naval Petro- National, in conjunction with capitalized leum Reserve No. 2 (Buena Vista name: Hills Naval Reserve); reserve No. 2 Academy of Sciences (see Academy) navel orange and State institutions, etc. Navy, American or foreign, if part of Archives and Records Administration name; capitalized standing alone Capital (Washington); the Capital; but only if referring to U.S. Navy: national capital area Admiral of the; the admiral Endowment for the Arts; the Endow- Battle Force; the Battle Force; the ment force Gallery of Art; the National Gallery; Establishment; the establishment the gallery Hospital Corps; hospital corpsman; Grange; the Grange the corps Guard, Ohio, etc.; Air National; the Regular National Guard; the Guard; a regulation 56 guardsman; but a National Guard Scouting Force; the scouting force; the man; National Guardsman force Institute (see Institute) Seabees (construction battalion); a Legislature (see Legislature) Seabee Monument, Muir, etc.; the national 7th Task Force (see Force) monument; the monument navy yard Museum (see Museum) Nazi; nazism Naval Medical Center (Bethesda, MD) Near East (Balkans, etc.) Park, Yellowstone, etc.; Yellowstone network Park; the national park; the park network address translation module Treasury; the Treasury (NAT) War College Network News Transfer Protocol Woman’s Party; the party (NNTP) Zoological Park (see Zoological) Negro (see Black) national: New Deal; anti-New Deal agency check (NAC) New, if part of name: New Willard anthem, customs, spirit, etc. New England States British, Mexican, etc. New World; but new world order defense agencies Nine Power Treaty; the treaty stockpile North: water policy Atlantic Native, Alaska; but Ohio native, etc. Atlantic Pact (see Pact) (see Alaska) Atlantic States Naval, if part of name: Atlantic Treaty (see Treaty) Academy (see Academy) Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Base, Guam Naval; the naval base (see Organization) District, 1st Naval (see District) Equatorial Current (see Current) Establishment (see Establishment) Korea

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North—Continued officer—Continued Pole Marine; but naval and marine officers Slope (Alaska) Navy; Navy and Marine officers Star (Polaris) Regular Army; Regular; a Regular the North (section of United States) Reserve north: WAC, WAVE Africa Old Dominion (Virginia) Ohio, Virginia, etc. Old South north-central region, etc. Old World Northeast corridor Olympic games; Olympiad; XXIII Olym- northern Ohio pic games Northern States ombudsman, Maryland (State) northerner online Northwest Pacific Operation Deep Freeze, Snowdrop, etc.; Northwest Territory (1799) but Deep Freeze operation Northwest, the (section of the United optical character recognition (OCR) States) Order of Business No. 56 (congressional Northwest Washington (see cities) calendar) Northwestern: Ordnance: States Corps (see Corps) United States Department; the Department numbers capitalized if spelled out as Depot (see Depot) part of a name: Organization, if part of name; capital- Air Force One (Presidential plane) ized standing alone if referring to Charles the First international unit: Committee of One Hundred International Labor Nineteenth Census (see Census) North Atlantic Treaty (NATO): Chiefs of Staff Observatory, capitalized with name: Committee of Defense Ministers Astrophysical; the Observatory Council Lick; the observatory (nongovern- Council of Foreign Ministers mental) Defense Committee Naval; the Observatory Military Committee Occident, the; occidental Military Production and Supply Ocean, if part of name; the ocean: Board Antarctic Mutual Defense Assistance Program Arctic Pact (see Pact) Atlantic Regional Planning Group; North Atlantic, etc. the Group Pacific Standing Group; the Group South Pacific, etc. of American States (formerly Pan Southwest Pacific, etc. American Union) Oceanographer (the Hydrographer), United Nations Educational, Sci- Navy entific, and Cultural Organization Office, if referring to unit of Federal (Unesco) (formerly UNESCO) Government; the Office: Organized: Executive Marine Corps Reserve; Marine Re- Foreign (see foreign cabinets) serve; the Reserve General Accounting; the Accounting Militia; the militia Office; the Office Naval Militia; the Naval Militia; the Government Printing; the Printing Of- militia fice; the Office Reserve Corps; the Reserve Naval Oceanographic Orient, the; oriental of Alien Property Outer Continental Shelf (see Continen- of Chief of Naval Operations tal) of General Counsel of Management and Budget Pacific (see also Atlantic): of Personnel Management (formerly Basin Civil Service Commission) coast of the Secretary (Defense); Secretary’s Coast (or slope) States Office Northwest Patent and Trademark rim but New York regional office (includ- seaboard ing branch, division, or section slope therein); the regional office; the of- South fice States officer: time, Pacific standard time (see time) Army but cispacific; transpacific

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Packet Internet Groper (PING) Pledge of Allegiance Pact, capitalized with name; lowercased Point 4 Program; point 4 standing alone: Point of Presence (POP) Atlantic; Atlantic Defense Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Baghdad Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Four Power (PPTP) Kellogg Pole: North, South; the pole; subpolar North Atlantic; North Atlantic De- Pole Star (Polaris); polar star fense Police, if part of name; the police: page description language (PDL) Capitol pan-American games; but Pan American Park, U.S. Day White House Pan American Union (see Organization political action committee (PAC) of American States) political parties and adherents (Party, Panel, the Federal Service Impasses if part of name; the party): (Federal), etc.; the Panel Communist; a Communist Panhandle of Texas; Texas Panhandle; Conservative; a Conservative the panhandle; etc. Democratic; a Democrat papers, Woodrow Wilson, etc.; the pa- Independent; an Independent pers; but white paper Liberal; a Liberal Parish, Caddo, etc.; but parish of Caddo Libertarian; a Libertarian (Louisiana civil division); the parish National Woman’s; Woman’s Party Park, Fairmount, etc.; the park (see also Progressive; a Progressive National) Republican; Grand Old Party; but Park Police, U.S.; park policeman grand old Republican Party; a Re- Park, Zoological (see Zoological) publican Parkway, George Washington Memorial; Socialist; a Socialist the memorial parkway; the parkway Pool, Northwest Power, etc.; the pool Parliament, Houses of; the Parliament Pope; but papal, patriarch, pontiff, pri- Parliamentarian (U.S. Senate or House) mate part 2, A, II, etc.; but Part 2, when part Port, if part of name; Port of Norfolk; of title: Part 2: Iron and Steel In- Norfolk Port; the port (see Author- dustry ity) Pass, Brenner, capitalized if part of Post Office, Chicago, etc. name; the pass P.O. Box (with number); but post office patent (see Letters Patent) box (in general sense) Patrol, U.S. Border; the Border Patrol Postal Union (see Union) Peninsula Upper (Lower) (Michigan); Postmaster General the peninsula PostScript Penitentiary, Albany, etc.; the peniten- Powers, if part of name; the powers (see tiary also alliances): permanent access service Allied (World Wars I and II) personal computer (PC) Axis (World War I) petrodollar Big Four phase 2; phase I Western Philippine Republic (see Republic) but European powers Pilgrim Fathers (1620); the Pilgrims; a precinct; first, 11th precinct Pilgrim Premier (see foreign cabinets) Place, if part of name: Jefferson Place; Preserve, Wichita National Forest the place Game, etc.; Wichita Game Preserve; Plains (Great Plains), the Wichita preserve plan: Presidency (office of the head of Govern- Colombo ment) controlled materials President: 5-year of the United States; the Executive; Marshall (European Recovery Pro- the Chief Magistrate; the Com- gram) mander in Chief; the President- Reorganization Plan No. 6 (Hoover elect; ex-President; former Presi- Commission); plan No. 1 dent; also preceding name Planetarium, Fels, Hayden; the plan- of any other country; the President etarium of Federal or international unit Plant, Rockford Arsenal; the plant; but but president of the Erie Railroad; United States Steel plant president of the Federal Reserve plate 2, A, II, etc.; but Plate 2, when Bank of New York part of title: Plate 2.—Rural Struc- Presidential assistant, authority, order, tures proclamation, candidate, election, Plaza, Union Station (Washington, DC); timber, year, etc. the plaza Prime Minister (see foreign cabinets)

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Prison, Auburn, etc.; the prison Rebellion—Continued private key Great (Civil War) Privy Council, Her Majesty’s (see Coun- War of the cil) Whisky Prize, Nobel, Pulitzer, etc.; the prize Reconstruction period (post-Civil War) Proclamation, Emancipation; Presi- Red army dential Proclamation No. 24; Procla- Red Cross, American (see American) mation No. 24; the proclamation; Reds, the; a Red (political) but Presidential proclamation redundant array of inexpensive disks Program, if part of name: (RAID) European Recovery Reformation, the Food-for-Peace Reformatory, Elmira, etc.; the reform- Head Start atory Mutual Assistance Mutual Defense Assistance Refuge, Blackwater Migratory Bird, etc.; Point 4 Blackwater Bird Refuge; Blackwater Social Security refuge Universal Military Training region, north-central, etc.; first region, project: 10th region; region 7; midcontinent Central Valley Register of the Treasury; the Register Manhattan Regular Army, Navy; a Regular (see also McNary Dam officer) Rochester atomic energy regulation: University of California atomic energy ceiling price regulation 8 Project Farside, Head Start, Sidewinder, 56 (Navy) Vanguard, etc.; but Head Start supplementary regulation 22 project; Vanguard project Veterans Regulation 8; but veterans proposition 13 regulations Prosecutor; Special Prosecutor (Federal) W (see also Federal Reserve Board) Province, Provincial, if referring to an Reign of Terror (France, 1792) administrative subdivision: Ontario religious terms: Province; Province of Ontario; Mari- Bahai time Provinces (Canada); the Prov- Baptist ince Brahman Proving Ground, Aberdeen, etc.; the Buddhist proving ground Catholic; Catholicism; but catholic Public Act 26; Public Law 9; Public 37; (universal) Public Resolution 3; but public Christian enemy No. 1 Christian Science Public Printer; the Government Printer; Evangelical United Brethren the Printer Jewish public utility district (see District) Latter-day Saints Pueblo, Santa Clara; the pueblo Muslim (preferred) or Moslem: Shiite; Puerto Rico: Sunni government New Thought Governor of; the Governor Protestant; Protestantism Legislative Assembly of; the legisla- Seventh-day Adventists tive assembly Seventh-Day Baptists Provisional Regiment; but Puerto Rico Zoroastrian regiment remote procedure call (RPC) Resident Commissioner Renaissance, the (era) Purchase, Gadsden, Louisiana, etc. reorganization plan (see plan) Puritan; puritanical Report, if part of name (with date or Pyrrhic victory number); the annual report; the re- port: Quad Cities (Davenport, Rock Island, Annual Report of the Secretary of De- Moline, and East Moline) fense for the year ended September queue 30, 1991 query 1991 Report of the Chief of the Forest Service Radio Free Europe Grace Commission report Railroad, Alaska; the Railroad President’s Economic Report; the Eco- Ranch, King, etc.; the ranch nomic Report Random-Access Memory (RAM) Railroad Retirement Board Annual Range, Cascade, etc. (mountains); the Report, 1991; but annual report of range the Railroad Retirement Board README file Report No. 31 Rebellion, if part of name; the rebellion: United States Reports (publication) Boxer Reporter, the (U.S. Supreme Court)

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Representative; Representative at Large route No. 12466; mail route 1742; rail- (U.S. Congress); U.N. way mail route 1144; but Route 40, Republic, capitalized if part of name; State Route 9 (highways) capitalized standing alone if refer- Royal Decree No. 24; Decree 24; the ring to a specific government: royal decree Czech rule 21; rule XXI; but Rule 21, when French part of title: Rule 21: Renewal of Irish Motion of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ruler of the Universe (Deity) of Panama Rules: of the Philippines; Philippine Republic of the House of Representatives; but Slovak (Slovakia) rules of the House; House rule X United States Standing Rules of the Senate (publica- also the American Republics; South tion); but rules of the Senate American Republics; the Latin also Commission rules American Republics; the Republics Reservation (forest, military, or Indian), Sabbath; Sabbath Day if part of name; the reservation: sanitary district (see District) Great Sioux savings bond (see bond) Hill Military schedule 2, A, II, etc.; but Schedule 2, Reserve, if part of name; the Reserve when part of title; Schedule 2: Open (see also Air Force; Army Corps; and Prepay Stations Coast Guard; Foreign Service; Ma- School, if part of name; the school: rine Corps; Merchant Marine; any school of U.S. Armed Forces Naval; National Guard): Hayes Active Pawnee Indian Air Force Public School 13; P.S. 13 Army school district (see District) bank (see Bank) Scriptures; Holy Scriptures (the Bible) Board, Federal (see Federal) Seabees (see Navy) city (see Bank) seaboard, Atlantic, eastern, etc. components Enlisted seasons: Establishment autumn (fall) Inactive spring Naval summer officer winter Officers’ Training Corps seaway (see geographic terms; Author- Ready ity; Corporation) Retired Second World War (see War) Standby Secretariat (see United Nations) Strategic Secretaries of the Army and the Navy; Volunteer Naval but Secretaries of the military de- Reserves, the; reservist partments; secretaryship Resident Commissioner (see Member; Secretary, head of national govern- Puerto Rico) mental unit: Resolution, with number; the resolution: of Defense; of State; etc.; the Sec- House Joint Resolution 3 retary Public Resolution 6 of State for Foreign Affairs (British); Resolution 42 for the Colonies; etc.; the Secretary Senate Concurrent Resolution 18 of the Smithsonian Institution; the War Powers Resolution (short title) Secretary but Tonkin resolution also the Assistant Secretary; the Ex- Revised Statutes (U.S.); Supplement to ecutive Secretary the Revised Statutes; the statutes but secretary of the Interstate Com- Revolution, Revolutionary (if referring merce Commission; secretary of to the American, French, or English state of Iowa Revolution) (see also War) Secretary General: the Secretary Gen- Rich Text Format (RTF) eral: rim; the Pacific rim Organization of American States Road, if part of name: Benning; the road South Pacific Commission Roman numerals, common nouns used United Nations with, not capitalized: section 2, A, II, etc.; but Section 2, when book II; chapter II; part II; etc. part of title: Section 2: Test Con- but Book II: Modern Types (complete struction Theory heading); Part XI: Early Thought Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (complete heading) Selective Service (see Service; System)

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Senate (U.S.), titles of officers standing Simple Wide Area Information System alone capitalized: (SWAIS) Chaplain Sister(s) (adherent of religious order) Chief Clerk Six Nations (see Indians) Doorkeeper Smithsonian Institution (see Institution) Official Reporter(s) Social Security Administration, applica- Parliamentarian tion, check, pension, trust fund, sys- Postmaster tem, etc. President of the Socialist; socialism; socialistic (see also President pro tempore political parties) Presiding Officer Society, if part of name; the society: Secretary American Cancer Society, Inc. Sergeant at Arms Boston Medical Senate, Ohio (State); the senate of the Cincinnati Senator (U.S. Congress); but lowercased soil bank if referring to a State senator, un- soil classifications: less preceding a name Alpine Meadow Prairie senatorial Bog Ramann’s Brown Sergeant at Arms (U.S. Senate or Brown Red Chernozem (Black) Rendzina House) Chestnut Sierozem (Gray) Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) Desert Solonchak Sermon on the Mount Gray-Brown Solonetz server Podzolic Soloth Service, if referring to Federal unit; the Half Bog Terra Rossa Service: Laterite Tundra Customs Pedalfer Wiesenboden Pedocal Yellow Employment Podzol Extension Fish and Wildlife Soldiers’ Home, if part of name: Ohio Foreign (see Foreign Service) Soldiers’ Home; the soldiers’ home; Forest etc. Immigration and Naturalization Solicitor for the Department of Labor, Internal Revenue etc.; the Solicitor Marshalls Solicitor General (Department of Jus- Mediation and Conciliation tice) National Park Son of Man (Christ) Postal Sons of the American Revolution (orga- Secret (Treasury) nization); a Son; a Real Son Selective (see also System); but selec- South: tive service, in general sense; selec- American Republics (see Republic) tive service classification 1–A, 4–F, American States etc. Atlantic Senior Executive Atlantic States Soil Conservation Deep South (U.S.) service: Korea airmail Midsouth (U.S.) Army Pacific city delivery Pole consular the South (section of United States); customs (see Service) Southland diplomatic Southeast Asia employment (State) southern California, southeastern Cali- extension (State) fornia, etc. general delivery Southern States naval Southern United States Navy southerner parcel post Southwest, the (section of United postal field States) railway mail (see Division) space shuttle; the shuttle rural free delivery; rural delivery; free space station delivery Spanish-American War (see War) special delivery SPAR, popular name, made up of initial star route letters of motto semper paratus— Shelf, Continental (see Continental) always ready; a Spar ship of state (unless personified) special agent Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) specialist Simple Network Management Protocol Special Order No. 12; Special Orders, (SNMP) No. 12; a special order

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Spirit of ’76 (painting); but spirit of ’76 States—Continued (in general sense) Thirteen Original; original 13 States sputnik; but Sputnik I, etc. Western; but western Gulf; western Square, Lafayette, etc.; the square farming States Staff, Foreign Service (see Foreign Serv- Station, if part of name; the station; not ice); Air capitalized if referring to surveying Standard Generalized Markup Lan- or similar work: guage (SGML) Grand Central standard time (see time) Key West Naval (see Naval) Star of Bethlehem Nebraska Experiment Station; Experi- Star-Spangled Banner (see flag) ment Station, Nebraska; Nebraska star wars station State: Syracuse Air Force government television station WSYR–TV legislature (see Legislature) Union; Union Depot; the depot line, Iowa, Ohio-Indiana, etc. WAMU station; station WMAL; radio New York station WSM; broadcasting station of Israel WJSV of Pennsylvania station 9; substation A of Veracruz Statue of Liberty; the statue of the Union Message/Address Statutes at Large (U.S.) (see also Re- out-of-State (adjective); but out-of- vised Statutes) stater Stealth: bomber, fighter prison stockpile, national rights; States rights stone age (see Ages) Vatican City storage facility state: Stream, Gulf (see Gulf; geographic church and terms) of the art: state-of-the-art technology Street, if part of name; the street: statehood, statehouse, stateside, state- I Street (not Eye Street) wide Fifteen-and-a-Half downstate, tristate, upstate, instate, U Street (not You Street) substate, multistate 110th Street welfare subcommittee (see Committee) State’s attorney Subtreasury, New York, etc.; subtreas- state’s evidence ury at New York; the subtreasury States: subtropical, subtropic(s) (see tropical) Arab summit meeting; Earth summit Balkan Sun Baltic Super Bowl communistic Superfund; the fund Eastern; but eastern industrial States Superintendent, if referring to head of East North Central Federal unit; the Superintendent: East South Central of Documents (Government Printing Eastern Gulf Office) Eastern North Central, etc. of the Naval (or Military) Academy Far Western Supplement to the Revised Statutes (see Gulf; Gulf Coast Revised Statutes) Lake Supreme Bench; the Bench; also High Bench; High Tribunal Latin American Supreme Court (U.S.); the Court; also lower 48 High Court; titles of officers stand- Middle ing alone capitalized: Middle Atlantic Chief Justice Middle Western Clerk Midwestern Marshal Mountain Reporter New England but Ohio Supreme Court; the supreme North Atlantic court Northwestern, etc. Surgeon General, the (Air Force, Army, Organization of American Navy, and Public Health Service) Pacific Survey, if part of name of Federal unit; Pacific Coast the Survey: Coast and Geodetic; Ge- rights ological; National Wilderness Pres- South American ervation South Atlantic System, if referring to Federal unit; the Southern System: the six States of Australia; a foreign Alaska Communication; the system state Federal Credit; the System

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System—Continued time—Continued Federal Home Loan Bank; the System mountain, mountain standard Federal Reserve; the System Pacific, Pacific standard National Forest; the System universal National Highway; the System Time Division Multiplexing Access National Park; the System (TDMA) National System of Interstate and De- title 2, II, A, etc.; but Title 2, when part fense Highways; National System of of title: Title 2: General Provisions Interstate Highways; Interstate Tomb: System of Highways; Interstate Grant’s; the tomb Highway System; the Interstate of the Unknowns; of the Unknown System; the National System; the Soldier; Unknown Soldier’s Tomb; system; but highway system; Fed- the tomb (see also Unknown Sol- eral road system dier) National Trails; the System Tower, Eiffel, etc.; the tower National Wild and Scenic Rivers; the Township, Union; township of Union System trade names and trademarks: New York Central System; the system Acrilan Formica Regional Metro System; Metro system Airwick Fathometer Selective Service (see also Service) Alemite Fiberglas but Amtrak railway system; Amtrak Alpha (protein) (fiberglass in system; the system Alumel general sense) also Federal land bank system Alundum Fig Newtons Ameripol Freon Anchor (fence) Frigidaire table 2, II, A, etc.; but Table 2, when Artgum part of title: Table 2: Degrees of Gameboy Land Deterioration Bactratycin Geon Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) Bakelite Glyptal task force (see Force; Report) Band-Aid Go Kart Team, USAREUR Field Assistance, etc.; Belleekware Gyropilot Benzedrine Gyrosyn the team Bessemer (steel) television station (see Station) Blendor (Waring) Halon (gas) Telnet Blue Rock (clay Hercolyn Ten Commandments target) Hersheypark Territorial, if referring to a political sub- Hush Puppies division Calgon Calrod (shoes) Territory: Carbitol Hydroseal Northwest (1799); the territory Carborundum Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; Catalin Inconel Pacific Islands Trust Territory; the Caterpillar (tread) Invar trust territory; the territory Celanese Iron-Clad Celastic Yukon, Northwest Territories; the Java Territory(ies), Territorial (Canada) Cellosolve Cellucotton Jeep but territory of: American Samoa, (surgical Guam, Virgin Islands dressing) Kepone The, part of name, capitalized: Celluloid (plastics) (chlordecone) The Dalles; The Gambia; The Hague; Celotex Kiddie Kar The Weirs; but the Dalles Dam; the Chevron Kleenex (machinery Klieglight Dalles region; the Federal Bulletin Kodak Board; the Hague Conference; the packing) Chlorex Kodapak Weirs streets Chromel (alloy) Koroseal but the Adjutant General; the Na- CinemaScope Kovar tional Archives; the Archives; the Claratin Times; the Mermaid; the Federal Coca-Cola Lastex Express Coke LaserWriter Third World Corex Laundromat Thirteen American Colonies, etc. (see Crawlers Leatherette Cyclone (fence) Lexide Colonies) Library (paste) Thirteen Original States Dacron Lift Gate Thruway, New York; the thruway Deepfreeze (home Lollypop time: freezer) Lucite Atlantic, Atlantic standard De-Ion Lux central, central standard Dulux Draconian (period of time) Duraloy Masonite Duraplex MasterCard eastern, eastern daylight, eastern day- Methocel light saving (no s), eastern standard Electro-Silicon Micarta Greenwich civil, etc. Elektron Modutrol local, local standard Emulphor Monel (metal)

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trade names and trademarks—Contin- triad ued tribe (see Indians) Nekal Steel-Flex Tribunal, standing alone capitalized Nichrome Stellite only in minutes and official reports Nicofume Steri-Pad (surgical Nonex dressing) of a specific arbitration; also High NutraSweet Stiflex Tribunal; the Tribunal (Supreme Styrofoam Court); Copyright Royalty Tribunal, Orlon Sylphon the tribunal Synpor Tris (chemical) Paraplex Syntron Tropic of Cancer, of Capricorn; the Trop- Peg Board ics Pentium Tabasco sauce Perbunan Talon (fastener) tropical; neotropic, neotropical, sub- Permutit Technicolor tropic(s), subtropical Phosphor bronze Teflon Trust, Power, etc. Photronic TelePrompter trust territory (see Territory) Phytin Terramycin Tunnel, Lincoln, etc.; the tunnel; but ir- (pharmaceutical Thermit rigation, railroad, etc., tunnel product) Thermofax Ping-Pong Thermos (vacuum Turnpike, Pennsylvania, etc.; the turn- Plexiglas bottle) pike Pliolite Thiokol Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) Pliowax Transite Polane Tylenol U-boat Polaroid Under Secretary, if referring to officer Porocel Uformite Portland cement U-Haul of Federal Government; the Under Primacord UNIX Secretary: Prozac of Agriculture Push-Back (theater Vacumatic of State chairs) Varsol of the Treasury Pyralin Vaseline Uniform Code of Military Justice (see Pyrex glass Velcro Code) Verichrome Refinite ViewSonic Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Revertex Vistac Uniform Resource Name/Number (URN) Rocklath (plaster- Vistanex (-Medium) Union (if part of proper name; capital- board) Vultex ized standing alone if synonym for Rockwell (tester) United States or if referring to Walkman international unit): Scotch (pressure- Windbreaker sensitive tape, Windows NT International Typographical; the Ty- etc.) Word Perfect pographical Union; the union Shakeproof Pan American (see Organization of Sheetrock Xerox American States) Slim Jims Station; but union passenger station; Snow Crop Yahoo! union freight station Solvesso Teamsters Union; the Teamsters; the Speed-Nut ZIP Code (Postal) (fastener) Zipper (heels) union; also the Auto Workers, etc. Universal Postal; the Postal Union; the Union Trade Representative (U.S.) Western (see alliances) transatlantic; transpacific; trans-Sibe- Woman’s Christian Temperance rian, etc.; but Transjordan; Trans- but a painters union; printers union Alaska Unit, if referring to Federal branch; the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Unit: Protocol (TCP/IP) Alcohol Tax Treasurer, Assistant, of the United Income Tax States; the Assistant Treasurer; but United Nations: assistant treasurer at New York, Charter; the charter etc. Conference on International Organiza- Treasurer of the United States; the tion; the Conference Treasurer Economic and Social Council; the Treasury notes; Treasurys Council Treasury, of the United States; General; Educational, Scientific, and Cultural National; Public; Register of the Organization (Unesco) (see Organi- Treaty, if part of name; the treaty: zation) Jay Treaty Food and Agriculture Organization North Atlantic; North Atlantic De- (FAO); the Organization fense General Assembly; the Assembly of Versailles International Children’s Emergency but treaty of 1919 Fund (UNICEF); the Fund

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United Nations—Continued virtual LAN (VLAN) International Court of Justice; the Virtual Reality Modeling Language Court (VRML) International Labor Organization (see Voice of America; the Voice Organization) Voice of Democracy Contest; the contest Little Assembly; the Assembly volume 2, A, II, etc.; but Volume 2, Permanent Court of Arbitration (see when part of title: Volume 2: Five Court) Rivers in America’s Future Secretariat, the Volunteer Naval Reserve (see Reserve) Secretary General Security Council; the Council WAC (see Corps) Special United Nations Fund for Eco- WAF (women in the Air Force; a Waf, nomic Development (SUNFED) Wafs (individuals) Trusteeship Council; the Council WAIS Client Software World Employment Conference War, if part of formal name: World Health Organization (WHO); Between the States the Organization Civil universal: First World War; World War I; World military training (see Program) War; Great War; Second World time (see time) War; World War II; but world war Universal Postal Union (see Union) III University, if part of name: Stanford; for Independence (1776) the university French and Indian (1754–63) Unknown Soldier; Unknown of World Mexican War II; World War II Unknown; of the Nations Unknown of Korea; Korea Un- of the Rebellion; the rebellion known; the Unknowns (see also of the Revolution; the Revolution Tomb) of 1812; but war of 1914 Upper, if part of name: Philippine Insurrection Colorado River Basin Revolutionary Egypt Seven Years’ Peninsula (of Michigan) Six-Day (Arab-Israeli) but upper House of Congress Spanish Uruguay round Spanish-American User Datagram Protocol (UDP) the two World Wars U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Re- also post-World War II publics): war, descriptive or undeclared: Cominform (Communist Information cold, hot Bureau) European Communist International French and Indian wars Communist States Indian New Independent State Korean Persian Gulf; gulf Politburo third world; world war III Red army Vietnam Reds, the; a Red with Mexico Soviet, if part of name; capitalized with Spain standing alone if referring to cen- War College, National (see College) tral governmental unit: War Mothers (see American) Government; but Communist gov- ward 1, 2, etc.; first, 11th, etc. ernment Washington’s Farewell Address Moscow water district (see District) National waterway, inland, intercoastal, etc.; but of Labor and Defense Intracoastal Waterway S.S.S.R. (Siberian Soviet Socialist WAVES (women accepted for volunteer Republics) emergency service); a Wave but a soviet; sovietic; sovietism; so- Web vietize Web broadcasting Web browser Valley, Shenandoah, etc.; the valley; but Webcasting the valleys of Virginia and Mary- WebTV land Web site V–E Day; V–J Day (see holidays); Week, Fire Prevention; etc. V-chip welfare state veteran, World War West: Veterans Day (see holidays) Bank (Jordan) vice consul, British, etc. Coast (Africa); but west coast (U.S.) Vice President (same as President) End, etc. (section of city) Victoria Cross (see decorations) Europe (political entity)

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West—Continued Women’s Army Corps (see Corps) Far West; Far Western States Wood, if part of name: Florida (1763–1819) Belleau Wood Middle (United States); Midwest House of the Woods (palace) South Central States, etc. World: New, Old, Third; but free world the West (section of United States; World Bank; the Bank also world political entity) World Series west, western Pennsylvania World War (see War) Western: World War II veteran bloc World Wide Web (WWW), the Web civilization countries Xmodem Europe(an) (political entity) x ray (note: no hyphen) Hemisphere; the hemisphere ideas Year, International Geophysical; the North Central States Geophysical Year; the Year Powers year: States calendar Union (see alliances) fiscal United States Ymodem World Young Men’s Christian Association (see but far western; western farming States (U.S.) Association) westerner Your Excellency; Your Honor; Your Maj- What you see is what you get. esty; etc. (WYSIWYG) Youth Corps; the Corps Wheat Belt (see Belt) whip, the (of political party in Congress) ZIP Code number; ZIP+4 Whisky Rebellion (see Rebellion) Z39.50 White (synonym for Caucasian) Zmodem White House: Zone, if part of name; the zone: Blue Room Bizonia; bizonal East Room British (in Germany) Oval Office Canal (Panama) Police (see Police) Eastern, Western (Germany) Red Room Frigid Rose Garden Hot (infectious area) State Dining Room New York Foreign Trade; Foreign white paper, British, etc. Trade Zone No. 1; but the foreign Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) trade zone wide area network (WAN) of Interior (see Command) Wilderness, capitalized with name; San Temperate, Torrid; the zone Joaquin Wilderness, CA; the wilder- Trizonia; trizonal ness; but the Wilderness (Virginia but Arctic, eastern standard time, en- battlefield) terprise, polar, tropical zone, etc. WinWAIS Zoological Park (National); the zoo; the woman marine, etc. (see Marine Corps) park

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