Tibetological Anthropology

Chen nai- hua

Course overview and planning design

Tibetological Anthropology is perspective or research method. It is an Anthropological approach to the study of society. It is the first hand information obtained in the Tibetan, Tibetan and its surrounding countries through a long period of observation, or the first hand information obtained in the field, or the combination. The research path of Ethnography, a historical document, can be said to originate from ethnology and anthropology. Does the area around the Tibet share some common historical and sociological features? What useful insights can Anthropology provide to the historical and cultural processes of the region? The various societies in these zones have close contacts with other countries or societies, such as the central Plains and the Han, Muslim society, and the civilizing Southeast Asian countries in , and thus have a more complex historical and cultural landscape. Tibet civilization is mixed in two ideological forms, one is the form of sage, the one is the model in the feudal system, which can be referred to as the superimposed mode of "holy king". It can be said that the core of Tibet's civilization deals with the relationship between the three elements of knowledge, religion and politics. The whole Tibetan area has diverse political, religious and social structures. And what needs to be emphasized is the system structure of the monastery, the exchange between the mother temple and the monastery in the aspects of teaching, knowledge, and ritual, and the foundation of Carlisle Mar (Charisma) behind the political and teaching regime. The curriculum of the Anthropology of Tibetan studies is divided into four parts: 1.Buddhism society under the humanistic vision 2.The symbol and meaning of hierophany. 3.Buddhism and social transformation 4.Rethinking in the Buddhist society and the religious-political relationship It attempts to explore the characteristics of Tibet civilization from the concepts and theoretical methods of regional studies, the study of religious belief and social life, the writing and criticism of the ethnography of regional studies, the confrontation and flow of people and ideas, the study of religious groups and the history of regional teaching, and the study of the monasteries, monks and regional political relations. To understand the diversity and mobility of social and religious morphology.

Syllabus and schedule

1st week: the introduction of the course

Course Description: the whole course design and time arrangement

1 Students are asked to talk about the direction and field of interest, and why they put into the knowledge production of the Social Sciences, and the future research plan of the field. The first unit: Buddhism society under the humanistic vision

2ed week:Sectarian course of Tibetan Buddhism

Tibet general history, Chia Bai. Second Dan bun, noo, Wu Jian, Bing Tomic, 1996, "Tibet general history. The pine stone treasure string", Chen Qingying, Ge sang Yi, He Zongying, Xu Decun translation, Tibet Social Science Academy, Tibet magazine, Tibet ancient book press Wang Sen, 1997, a brief history of Buddhist development in Tibet, China Social Sciences Press. Wang Yao, 1989, "Tubo culture", Jilin Education Press. Wang Yao, Chen Jian, 1988, "the historical documents of Dunhuang Tubo", national publishing house. Shiqi is seeing, 1986, the history of Buddhism in Tibet, Manjusri press. Yamaguchi Mizutari, Guang Dao Du, 1986, "Tibet studies and Tibet Buddhism", translated by Xu Mingyin, Manjusri press Zhi Guan Ba Gong is 1989 in Danba, around Wu Jun, Mao Jizu and Ma Shilin. Gansu National Publishing House Song Ba Kan Qin, 1992, "chos vchung dPAG BSAM ljon bzang", Gong Qi Cai Dan, Gansu Nationalities Publishing House. Da Cang ba. Ban Chi sang Sam, 1999, "Han and Tibetan history: a good example of sage and Chau", translated by Chen Qingying, Tibet people's publishing house. Guan Xuan Xuan Bei, 2012, "Qing Shi", Wang Qilong, Hui Ke Jia translation, Wang Qilong school notes, Chinese Social Sciences Press J. Kolmas，1967，“Tibet and Imperial China”, Canberra L. Kvanten，1972，“Tibet-Mongol Relations During the Yuan Dynasty 1207- 1368”, Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of South Carolina Mckay, A., 2003. The History of Tibet - the early period, the yarlung dynasty. : Routledge. van Spengen & Lama Jabb eds., 2009, Studies in The History of Eastern Tibet, Halle: Inter Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies.

3 th week :A comparative of Buddhist Anthropology

Erik Zurcher, 2003, "Buddhism conquered China: Buddhism's dissemination and adaptation in the early Middle Ages of China", Jiangsu people's publishing house. Jacques Gernet, 2004, "monastery economy in China from 5 to tenth Century", Geng Sheng translation, Shanghai ancient book publishing house Xie Henai, 2005, "Chinese social history", Geng Sheng translation, Jiangsu people's publishing house. Gu Zheng Mei, 1998, "the political tradition of Mahayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism", publishing house. Zach J Cin, 1978, the study of the historical relationship between and

2 Tibet.

4th week: The knowledge attribute and academic classification of Buddhism: belief / knowledge / Yoga

Paul Demieville, 2001, "Tubo monk, Geng Sheng translation, Tibet people's Publishing House Rye Al Li Ye, 2001, "understanding Esoteric Buddhism", Da Qian publishing house. Arvind Sharma, 2004, philosophy of Religion: Buddhist viewpoint. Rodney Stark, Roger Fink, 2003, Buddhism and society, "the law of faith - the aspect of the interpretation of the people of religion", Renmin University of China press Tu Guan Lo sang Ji Ni Ma, 1984, the origin of Tu Guan faction, translated by Liu Liqian, Tibet people's publishing house. Sze Jie Kat, 1989, "Dgar ldan chos vbyung beetavurawa ser Po", the Tibetan School Press. Liu Liqian, 2002, the history of Tibetan Buddhism, national publishing house. Elizabeth Napper, 2006, "Tibetan philosophy of middle philosophy", translated by Liu Yuguang, Renmin University of China press Huang Mingxin, 2007, "collection of Huang Mingxin's Tibetan Studies: Tibetan Buddhism, Yin Ming, literature research", Chinese Tibetan studies press Wayman, A. 1995. The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism, London & New York: Kegan Paul Ronald M. Davidson, 2003,Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement, New York: Columbia University Press

5 th week: Charisma: knowledge and witchcraft

Marx Weber, 2005, "religion in India: Hinduism and Buddhism", translated by Kangle and Jian Huimei, Guangxi Normal University press. Hei Xi Xi1989, "religion in Tibet and Mongolia", Geng Sheng translation, ancient book publishing house John Blofeld, 1990, "Tantric Buddhism in Tibet", Geng Sheng translation, Tibet people's publishing house. Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja,1977 World Conqueror or World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in and Against a Historical Background. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Detleft Ingo Lauf, 1977,“Secret Doctrines of the Tibetan Books of the Dead”, Boulder, Colorado, Shambhala Pub.,Inc. Strickmann, Michel, 1981. Tantric and Taoist Studies in honour of R.A.Stein,edited, Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes chinoises,Bruxelles. Ronald M. Davidson, 2005,Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture, New York: Columbia University Press

6 th week:Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibet Society

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Geoffrey Samuel , 1993, Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies, Smithsonian Institution Press Giuseppe Tucci, 1997, religion in Tibet, translated by Liu Ying and Yang Fan, Chinese Tibetan studies press Qi Qi, Tibet's medieval history, 1980, translated by Li Youyi and Deng Ruiling, National Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences R.A. Stein, 2006, civilization of Tibet, Geng Sheng translation, Chinese Tibetan Publishing House Rene Nebesky Wojkowitz, 2000, "gods and ghosts in Tibet", translated by Xie Jisheng, Tibet people's publishing house. David Snellgrove & Hugh Richardson,1986, “A Cultural History of Tibet”,Shambhala,Boston /London Kapstein, Matthew The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation and Memory, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000

7 th week: The formation of knowledge system in different cultures

Zhou Jiwen, : Tibetan Literature Publishing House, 1996 Ang Lee house, 1989, "field investigation of Tibetan history", Beijing: Tibetan studies in China Li Anzhai, Yu Shi Yu, 2002, "Li Anzhai and Yu Shiyu selected Tibetan literary theory". Beijing: China Tibetan studies press Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja 1985 Culture, Thought, and Social Action: an anthropological Perspective. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Ong, Aihwa and Donald M. Nonini eds. Kapstein, Matthew ed. 2009, Buddhism between Tibet and China, Boston: Wisdom Publi Panchen Lama (1883-1937): A Life at the Crossroads of Sino- Tibetan Relations. Paris: 2011,École Française d’Extrême-Orient; Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books

The second unit: The symbol and meaning of hierophany.

8 th week: The study of Material Culture in Buddhism Giuseppe Tucci, 2001, Tibet archeology, translated by , Beijing: China Tibetan studies press. Shi Taian, 2005, "Tibet epic and rap artists", Geng Sheng translation, Chen Qingying revisions, Beijing: China Tibetan studies press South China's 1990 Zhang: BOD GNAV Rabs Kyi lo rgyus nor buvi me long, Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Press. South China's 1996, "Zhang and BOD Kyi lo rgyus te SEVI VOD", Beijing: China Tibetan studies press.

4 Su Bai, 1996: "An Archeological Survey of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries", Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House. Tucci,Gergoe，1990， Tibetan Painted Scrolls, Kyoto：Rinsen Book Co.,Ltd

9 th week: The landscape of the Buddhist Society and the sacred objects.

David Jackson, 2001, history of Tibet painting, Lhasa: Tibet people's publishing house. Robert Beer, 2007, "Tibetan Buddhist symbols and utensils graphic", translated by Hong Hong, Beijing: China Tibetan studies press. Paul, Robert A.1982, The Tibetan Symbolic World: Psychoanalytic Explorations. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Bishop, Peter,1989. The Myth of Shangri-La: Tibet, Travel Writing, and the Western Creation of a Sacred Landscape. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Rolf A. Stein，1990， Miniature Gardens in the Far East：The world in Miniature：Container Gardens and Dwellings in Far Eastern Religious Though. Stanford University Press. Stanford,California Anand, Dibyesh. Geopolitical Exotica: 2007,Tibet in Western Imagination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

10 th week: Karma belief / reincarnation concept

Diemberger,Hildegard 1993, Blood, Sperm,Soul and the Mountain.in Gendered Anthropology.ed.Teresa DelValle,London：Routledge. Keyes, Charels F. & E. Valentine Daniel, 1983 Karma: an Anthropological Inquiry. Berkley, California: University of the California Press. Ortner, Sherry B 1970 Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes. New York: Harper & Row. Ortner,Sherry B.1978, Sherpas：Through Their Rituals. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja 1984, The Buddhist Saint of the Forest and the Cult of Amulets, Cambridge：Cambridge University Press

The third unit: Buddhism and social transformation

11th week:Social practice, beliefs and knowledge interaction in Mongolia and Tibet Yu Xiangwen, 1947: social survey of nomadic Tibetan areas in Northwest China, Shanghai Commercial Press R.A.Stein, 1981, Gan Qingchuan Tibetan ancient tribe examination, Sichuan people's publishing house.

5 Qi Qi, et al. 2005, the God and man of Himalayas, translated into red eggplant, Chinese Tibetan studies press. Zhu Qi Yuan, 1988, "Zai Luo: Tibetan regime in Song Dynasty", Qinghai people's publishing house. Lipman, Jonathan N. Familiar Strangers，1997， A History of Muslims in Northwest China. Seattle: University of Washington Press Peng, Wenbin. ，2002，“Frontier Process, Provincial Politics and Movements for Khampa Autonomy during the Republican Period.” In Lawrence Epstein (ed.), Khams pa Histories: Visions of people, Place and Authority. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston Mass.: Brill

12 th week:Reciprocity in villages and management of public environmental resources

Aziz, Barbara Nirmri 1978 Tibetan Frontier Families: Reflections of Three Generations from D'ing-ri. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. Levine, Nancy E.1988 The Dynamics of Polyandry: Kinship, Domesticity, and Population on the Tibetan Border. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press. Mumford, Stan Royal 1989 Himalayan Dialogue :Tibetan Lamas and Gurung Shamans in Nepal. Madison, Wisconsin: the University of Wisconsin Press. Ortner, Sherry B. 1989 High Religion: A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa Buddhism. Princton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Paul, Ellen Frankel, Fred D. Miller, Jr., and Jeffrey Paul, eds.

13 th week: Buddhism structural transformation of monasteries in Tibet.

Carrasco, Pedro,1959,Land And Polity In Tibet. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Ortner, Sherry B 1996 The Communitarian Challenge to Liberalism. Cambridge University Press.Spiro, Melford E. Goldstein, Melvyn C. & Matthew T. Kapstein ,eds.1998 Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet :Religious Revival and Cultural Identity. Berkeley, California : University of California Press. Nietupski, Paul Kocot. 1999，Labrang: A Tibetan Buddhist Monastery at the Crossroads of Four Civilizations. New York: Snow Lion Publications

Fourth unit: Rethinking in the Buddhist society and the religious-political relationship

14 th week: The religious political structure system of Tibet society

Luciano Petech, 2008, "the nobility and government of Tibet", translated by Shen

6 Weirong and Song Liming, published by Deng Ruiling school and the center of Tibetan studies. Donga Losanchi column, 1981, on Tibet's BOD Kyi chos SRID Zung vbrel SKOR bshad PA, national publishing house. Luciano Petech, 1990，“Central Tibet and the Mongols ——The Yuan-Sa-skya Period of Tibetan History”, Rome Goldstein, Melvyn C., Dawei Sherap, and William R. Siebenschuh ,2004， A Tibetan Revolutionary: The Political Life and Times of Bapa Phüntso Wangye. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press

15th week:The politics of presence: Buddhist political rights

May Goldstein, 1994, the destruction of the kingdom of Lama, translated by Du Yongbin, current affairs press A. Tom Grunfeld, 1990, the birth of modern Tibet, translated by and Wang Baoyu, Chinese Tibetan Publishing House Bell, Sir Charles A，1968. Tibet: Past and Present. Oxford: Clarendon Press Tsering Shakya, 1999, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Sinc York : Columbia University Press. Berger, Berkeley,2003,Empire of Emptiness：Buddhist art and political authority in Qing China. Unversity of Hawaii Press. Honolulu Powers, John，2004. History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People’s Republic of China. New York: Oxford University Press Tuttle, Gray 2005. Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, Columbia University

16 th weeks: Buddhism and state politics: the political aspirations of Buddhist Saints

Xaiyu, 2013, Buddhism, violence and Nationalism: during the war of resistance against Japan, Chinese University Hong Kong press. Learning fool, 2015, "socialist transformation of Chinese Buddhism", Chinese University Hong Kong press Liu Yuguang, 2012, "Engaged Buddhism": radical Buddhism, secular civil society and modern Buddhist political introspection. Journal of philosophy of National Taiwan University Yeh, Emily T. 2013. Taming Tibet: Landscape Transformation and the Gift of Chinese Development.Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Charlene Makley. 2018. The Battle for Fortune: State-led Development, Personhood and Power among Tibetans in China : Cornell University Press Goldstein, Melvyn C. The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1997. Lopez, Jr., Donald S. Prisoners of Shangri-La, Tibetan Buddhism and the West. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

17 th weeks:oral report / study summary

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