(fabids part II), biogeography

Angiosperm phylogeny

Eudicots (Tricolpates) Basal

Rosids Asterids Rosids

Rosids

Salicaceae s.s.

2 genera; 435 species narrowly defined (Populus, Salix)

Populus trichocarpa Salix spp. s.s.

traditional Salicaceae ( = Salicaceae s.s.)

Salicaceae s.s.

2 genera; 435 species narrowly defined (Populus, Salix)

Habit: Woody trees or shrubs

Leaves: Simple, alternate Salicoid teeth Deciduous Salicaceae s.s.

Symmetry:

Radial

Perianth parts: absent

Stamens: 2-4; male with catkins

Pistils: 1 compound pistil (2-4 carpels, many-seeded) female plants with catkins Ovary position: Superior

Fruit type: Capsule, seeds hairy

Fagales

No nectaries

Unisexual flowers with Betulaceae reduced perianth

Inferior ovary with 1 or 2 ovules per locule

Indehiscent fruits

Monoecious Fagaceae

Manos and Steele 1997 Fagaceae

9 genera; 900 species

Quercus robur Castanea spp.

Fagaceae

9 genera; 900 species

Habit:

Woody trees or shrubs

Leaves:

Simple, alternate Lobed or entire Deciduous or evergreen Fagaceae

Symmetry:

Radial

Perianth parts: Usually 6 tepals inconspicuous Stamens: 4-40; staminate flowers in catkins Pistils: 1 compound pistil (usually 3 carpels) pistillate flowers solitary Ovary position: Inferior

Fruit type: Nut cupule (involucre)

Fagaceae Betulaceae

Photo by Joy Ito Betula sp. Corylus spp.

Betulaceae

6 genera, 157 species

Habit:

Woody trees or shrubs

Leaves:

Simple, alternate Margins doubly serrate Deciduous Betulaceae

Symmetry:

Radial

Perianth parts: 1-4 tepals, or none inconspicuous Stamens: 4; staminate flowers in catkins Pistils: 1 compound pistil (2 carpels); pistillate flowers in catkins Ovary position: Inferior

Fruit type: achene, samara

Biogeography The age of European exploration

Ortelius world map, 1564 Biogeography Global plant diversity

WA ecological biogeography

Ecological biogeography: short timescales, functional groups (communities), environmental constraints (niches)

WA ecological biogeography

WA ecological biogeography

Temperate rainforest: epiphytes, Alpine and subalpine: high elevation, >2m of rainfall per year short, cool growing season

Montane and lowland forest: forest Shrub-steppe: sagebrush, low rainfall canopy, med-low elevation, med-long growing season

WA ecological biogeography

Stevens Pass Leavenworth Spokane

Snoqualmie Pass Tacoma Ellensburg Mt. Rainier

Class exercise – landscape and climate ! ! Precipitation (in) Temperature (F) Temperature Class exercise – landscape and climate Location Elevation Jan low July high Annual precip Seattle 200 34.4 76 34 Cedar Lake 2139 30 72 101 Snoqualmie Pass 3021 21 70 100 Keechelus Lake 2516 20 73 66 Kachess Lake 2253 20 77 52 Cle Elum 1912 20 81 23 Ellensburg 1542 19 84 9

WA ecological biogeography WA ecological biogeography

WA historical biogeography WA historical biogeography

Historical biogeography: long timescales, taxonomic groups (clades), earth history events

WA historical biogeography

Dispersal

C A B A B C

C A B

Vicariance

Phylogeography: relationships between organisms (phylogeny) and where they are found (biogeography)

WA historical biogeography

WA historical biogeography

Sullivan lab, U Idaho Pinus albicaulis Cascades

Rockies

Salix melanopsis WA historical biogeography

Dispersal or vicariance?

Dispersal

Rockies to Cascades (northern route)

Carstens et al, 2005