Rosids (fabids part II), plant biogeography Angiosperm phylogeny Eudicots (Tricolpates) Basal eudicots Rosids Asterids Rosids Rosids Salicaceae s.s. 2 genera; 435 species narrowly defined (Populus, Salix) Populus trichocarpa Salix spp. Salicaceae s.s. traditional Salicaceae ( = Salicaceae s.s.) Salicaceae s.s. 2 genera; 435 species narrowly defined (Populus, Salix) Habit: Woody trees or shrubs Leaves: Simple, alternate Salicoid teeth Deciduous Salicaceae s.s. Symmetry: Radial Perianth parts: absent Stamens: 2-4; male plants with catkins Pistils: 1 compound pistil (2-4 carpels, many-seeded) female plants with catkins Ovary position: Superior Fruit type: Capsule, seeds hairy Fagales No nectaries Unisexual flowers with Betulaceae reduced perianth Inferior ovary with 1 or 2 ovules per locule Indehiscent fruits Monoecious Fagaceae Manos and Steele 1997 Fagaceae 9 genera; 900 species Quercus robur Castanea spp. Fagaceae 9 genera; 900 species Habit: Woody trees or shrubs Leaves: Simple, alternate Lobed or entire Deciduous or evergreen Fagaceae Symmetry: Radial Perianth parts: Usually 6 tepals inconspicuous Stamens: 4-40; staminate flowers in catkins Pistils: 1 compound pistil (usually 3 carpels) pistillate flowers solitary Ovary position: Inferior Fruit type: Nut cupule (involucre) Fagaceae Betulaceae Photo by Joy Ito Betula sp. Corylus spp. Betulaceae 6 genera, 157 species Habit: Woody trees or shrubs Leaves: Simple, alternate Margins doubly serrate Deciduous Betulaceae Symmetry: Radial Perianth parts: 1-4 tepals, or none inconspicuous Stamens: 4; staminate flowers in catkins Pistils: 1 compound pistil (2 carpels); pistillate flowers in catkins Ovary position: Inferior Fruit type: achene, samara Biogeography The age of European exploration Ortelius world map, 1564 Biogeography Global plant diversity WA ecological biogeography Ecological biogeography: short timescales, functional groups (communities), environmental constraints (niches) WA ecological biogeography WA ecological biogeography Temperate rainforest: epiphytes, Alpine and subalpine: high elevation, >2m of rainfall per year short, cool growing season Montane and lowland forest: forest Shrub-steppe: sagebrush, low rainfall canopy, med-low elevation, med-long growing season WA ecological biogeography Stevens Pass Leavenworth Spokane Snoqualmie Pass Tacoma Ellensburg Mt. Rainier Class exercise – landscape and climate ! ! Precipitation (in) Temperature (F) Temperature Class exercise – landscape and climate Location Elevation Jan low July high Annual precip Seattle 200 34.4 76 34 Cedar Lake 2139 30 72 101 Snoqualmie Pass 3021 21 70 100 Keechelus Lake 2516 20 73 66 Kachess Lake 2253 20 77 52 Cle Elum 1912 20 81 23 Ellensburg 1542 19 84 9 WA ecological biogeography WA ecological biogeography WA historical biogeography WA historical biogeography Historical biogeography: long timescales, taxonomic groups (clades), earth history events WA historical biogeography Dispersal C A B A B C C A B Vicariance Phylogeography: relationships between organisms (phylogeny) and where they are found (biogeography) WA historical biogeography WA historical biogeography Sullivan lab, U Idaho Pinus albicaulis Cascades Rockies Salix melanopsis WA historical biogeography Dispersal or vicariance? Dispersal Rockies to Cascades (northern route) Carstens et al, 2005 .