San Bernardino County Adds New Vaccination Locations; Walk-Ups Will Be Accepted | News | Fontanaheraldnews.Com

5/3/2021 San Bernardino County adds new vaccination locations; walk-ups will be accepted | News | fontanaheraldnews.com

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FEATURED San Bernardino County adds new vaccination locations; walk-ups will be accepted

May 2, 2021

San Bernardino County

In an effort to get as many people as possible vaccinated for the coronavirus, San Bernardino County continues to add new locations that can be accessed easily.

Beginning May 4, “Operation Flip” is converting ve existing testing sites into new vaccination locations in the county.

https://www.fontanaheraldnews.com/news/san-bernardino-county-adds-new-vaccination-locations-walk-ups-will-be-accepted/article_b08222c4-ab93-1… 1/3 5/3/2021 San Bernardino County adds new vaccination locations; walk-ups will be accepted | News | fontanaheraldnews.com The converted testing sites in Montclair, Rancho Cucamonga, and San Bernardino will allow residents to access ongoing sites in everyday locations where they may already be shopping, attending school or running errands. Two additional sites in Adelanto and Rialto are open only for a limited time. And while appointments are always encouraged, walk-ups to county-operated sites are now welcome too.

The Operation Flip sites begin on Tuesday, May 4 at the following locations and times. The Pzer vaccine will be offered at ongoing sites, while the one-day Rialto and one-week Adelanto events will be offering the “one and done” Johnson & Johnson vaccine:

----- Montclair Place (5060 E North Montclair Plaza Lane, Montclair) -- Register or walk-up anytime, Tuesday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

----- National Orange Show Event Center (689 South E Street, San Bernardino) -- Register or walk- up anytime, Tuesday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

----- Rancho Cucamonga Sports Complex (8303 Rochester Avenue, Rancho Cucamonga) -- Register or walk-up anytime, Tuesday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

The county also added two limited-time only sites in Rialto and the High Desert:

----- Grace Vargas Senior Center (1411 South Riverside Avenue, Rialto) -- J&J vaccine (only one dose needed) will be offered at this site on Monday, May 3 from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

----- Columbia Middle School (14409 Aster Road, Adelanto) -- J&J vaccine (only one dose needed) will be offered at this site May 3 through May 7 from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

https://www.fontanaheraldnews.com/news/san-bernardino-county-adds-new-vaccination-locations-walk-ups-will-be-accepted/article_b08222c4-ab93-1… 2/3 5/3/2021 San Bernardino County adds new vaccination locations; walk-ups will be accepted | News | fontanaheraldnews.com As a reminder, while walk-up individuals will not need to bring any additional information to a site, they should be prepared to register in person, which will include answering health screening questions. Walk-ups may experience longer wait times and availability may vary based on site demand.

For a list of sites, visit sbcovid19.com/vaccine.

https://www.fontanaheraldnews.com/news/san-bernardino-county-adds-new-vaccination-locations-walk-ups-will-be-accepted/article_b08222c4-ab93-1… 3/3 5/3/2021 Walk-ups welcome at San Bernardino County vaccine site in Adelanto starting Monday

CORONAVIRUS Walk-ups welcome at San Bernardino County vaccine site in Adelanto starting Monday Martin Estacio Victorville Daily Press Published 8:50 p.m. PT May 1, 2021

San Bernardino County residents will soon be able to get a COVID-19 vaccine at five locations — including one in the High Desert — without first making an appointment.

Beginning Monday, the one-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine will be offered at Columbia Middle School, 14409 Aster Road in Adelanto.

County officials said the site will only be available from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday, May 3, through Friday, May 7.

The other four locations are all in the Inland Empire area with three existing testing sites being converted into new vaccination sites starting Tuesday.

The other four locations are as follows:

Montclair Place, 5060 E. North Montclair Plaza Lane: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday. National Orange Show Event Center, 689 South E. Street, San Bernardino: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday. Rancho Cucamonga Sports Complex, 8303 Rochester Avenue: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday. Grace Vargas Senior Center, 1411 South Riverside Avenue, Rialto: the Johnson & Johnson vaccine will only be offered on this site from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday.

Officials said Friday that “while appointments are always encouraged, walk-ups to County- operated sites are now welcome too.”

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/coronavirus/2021/05/01/walk-ups-welcome-san-bernardino-county-vaccine-site-adelanto-starting-monday/49… 1/2 5/3/2021 Walk-ups welcome at San Bernardino County vaccine site in Adelanto starting Monday

In Adelanto, more than 28% of residents age 16 and over are either partially or fully vaccinated, according to the most recent county data. Of that amount, 4,111 residents are fully vaccinated.

Here's how vaccinations look among those age 16 and over in the High Desert's other cities:

Apple Valley: 38.8% are vaccinated, including 6,842 partial vaccinations and 15,736 full vaccinations. Barstow: 38.8% are vaccinated, including 2,199 partial vaccinations and 4,634 full vaccinations. Hesperia: 31.9% are vaccinated, including 8,741 partial vaccinations and 14,557 full vaccinations. Victorville: 36.9% are vaccinated, including 12,861 partial vaccinations and 22,072 full vaccinations.

More than 1.15 million vaccine doses have been administered to county residents so far, with 475,827 individuals fully vaccinated, county data show.

As for cases, the county's dashboard shows 296,009 cases, 290,517 of which are resolved, and 4,402 virus-related deaths.

For more information on how to get vaccinated. visit SBCovid19.com/vaccine.

Daily Press reporter Martin Estacio may be reached at 760-955-5358 or [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @DP_mestacio.

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/coronavirus/2021/05/01/walk-ups-welcome-san-bernardino-county-vaccine-site-adelanto-starting-monday/49… 2/2 4/30/2021 San Bernardino County coronavirus cases up slightly in April; deaths way down – San Bernardino Sun ___

LOCAL NEWS •• News San Bernardino County coronavirus cases up slightly in April; deaths way down Officials say most new cases are in 18-34 age group; urge younger adults to get vaccinated

By STEVE SCAUZILLO || [email protected] andand NIKIE JOHNSON || [email protected] || SanSan GabrielGabriel ValleyValley TribuneTribune PUBLISHED: April 30, 2021 at 3:33 p.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: April 30, 2021 at 3:33 p.m.

ThisThis criticalcritical coveragecoverage isis beingbeing providedprovided freefree toto allall readers. Support reporting like this with a subscription to The Sun. Special Offer: Just 99¢ for 3 months.

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San Bernardino County reported 4,945 new coronavirus casescases inin April,April, upup fromfrom thethe 4,3474,347 casescases reportedreported inin March.March. ButBut manymany casescases werenʼtwerenʼt ofof peoplepeople whowho gotgot sicksick thisthis monthmonth —— somesome datedate toto November,November, countycounty datadata shows.shows.

The county reported 351 new coronavirus deaths in April, down sharply from the record 1,137 deaths reported last month. The lag between when San Bernardino County residents died of COVID-19 and when their deaths made it into the statistics continues to be months long. Only seven of the deaths reported this month were of someone who died this month. Most were of people who died in January and February, with smaller numbers from December and March.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/san-bernardino-county-coronavirus-cases-up-slightly-in-april-deaths-way-down/?utm_campaign=socialfl… 1/5 4/30/2021 San Bernardino County coronavirus cases up slightly in April; deaths way down – San Bernardino Sun Of the new cases this week, most involve adults between the ages of 18 and 34, followedfollowed byby thosethose agesages 35-49,35-49, aa trendtrend quitequite differentdifferent fromfrom lastlast year,year, thethe countycounty reported. More than 30% of the cases reported in April (1,545 of 4,945 total) were among people age 20-34, county data show.

Individuals between 20-29 account for 62,135 cases since the start of the pandemic, the most of any age group. In second, at 53,417, were those 30-39 years of age, county data show.

Of the almost 1.2 million coronavirus vaccine doses received by county residents,, more than one-third were administered in April, state data shows. Thatʼs more thanthan anyany previousprevious month.month.

However, San Bernardino County is lagging behind the state in vaccination rates. As of Thursday, almost 727,000 county residents have received at least one dose, which represents about 33% of the countyʼs total population (of all ages). Thatʼs thethe 13th-lowest13th-lowest percentagepercentage amongamong CaliforniaʼsCaliforniaʼs 5858 counties.counties. Statewide,Statewide, aboutabout 47%47% of the population has received at least one dose.

Individuals 18-34 represent the lowest vaccine coverage rate of any age group in thethe countycounty withwith thethe exceptionexception ofof 16-17-year-olds.16-17-year-olds. OfOf thethe former,former, 15.6%15.6% areare fullyfully vaccinated, as compared to 63% of the 75-79 age cohort.

The county is pushing for more younger adults to get vaccinated by visiting SBCovid19.com/vaccine toto makemake anan appointment.appointment. AtAt county-runcounty-run sites,sites, walk-upswalk-ups are welcome, the county reported.

Here are the latest numbers as of Friday, according to county and state public health officials.

San Bernardino County

Confirmed cases: 295,899295,899 total,total, upup 9393 fromfrom Thursday,Thursday, averagingaveraging 7373 reportedreported perper day in the past week

Deaths: 4,3624,362 total,total, upup 3636 fromfrom Thursday,Thursday, averagingaveraging fivefive reportedreported perper dayday inin thethe past week

Hospital survey: 8989 confirmedconfirmed andand 1616 suspectedsuspected patientspatients hospitalizedhospitalized Thursday,Thursday, includingincluding 2121 confirmedconfirmed andand threethree suspectedsuspected patientspatients inin thethe ICU,ICU, withwith 2525 ofof 2525 facilitiesfacilities reporting.reporting. TheThe numbernumber ofof confirmedconfirmed patientspatients isis unchangedunchanged fromfrom aa weekweek earlier.

Tests: 2,927,9762,927,976 total,total, upup 9,0929,092 fromfrom Thursday,Thursday, averagingaveraging 6,9816,981 reportedreported perper dayday inin thethe pastpast weekweek https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/san-bernardino-county-coronavirus-cases-up-slightly-in-april-deaths-way-down/?utm_campaign=socialfl… 2/5 4/30/2021 San Bernardino County coronavirus cases up slightly in April; deaths way down – San Bernardino Sun Resolved cases (estimate): 290,431290,431 total,total, upup 3838 fromfrom Thursday,Thursday, averagingaveraging 7979 perper day in the past week

Vaccinations*: SanSan BernardinoBernardino CountyCounty residentsresidents havehave receivedreceived 1,181,6101,181,610 doses,doses, with 235,330 people partially vaccinated and another 491,490 fully vaccinated, as of Thursday. The number of residents who have received at least one dose is up 42,779 in the past week.

Reopening plan tier:tier: OrangeOrange (moderate(moderate riskrisk level;level; somesome indoorindoor businessbusiness operations are open with modifications) based on these metrics as of Tuesday:

New cases per day per 100,000 residents: 3.4 Case rate adjusted for testing volume: 3.4 Test positivity rate: 2.0% (2.2% in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods) Whatʼs next: To advance to the yellow tier where more businesses can open or expand capacity, the county would need an adjusted case rate below 2.0 and a positivity rate below 2.0% for the whole county and 2.2% in disadvantaged neighborhoods for two consecutive weeks, and to have been inin thethe orangeorange tiertier forfor threethree weeks.weeks. SanSan BernardinoBernardino CountyCounty movedmoved toto thethe orange tier April 6. If metrics get worse, the county could move back into the more restrictive red tier.

For information on cases, deaths and vaccinations by community in San Bernardino County, click here..

Here is a look at how the countyʼs numbers have changed each day:

* This list uses vaccination data from the state instead of the county as of Monday, April 26.

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Tags: All Readers,, Coronavirus,, Coronavirus vaccine,, Foothill Cities,, health,, InlandInland EmpireEmpire,, public health,, Top Stories IVDB,, Top Stories RDF,, Top Stories Sun https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/san-bernardino-county-coronavirus-cases-up-slightly-in-april-deaths-way-down/?utm_campaign=socialfl… 3/5 5/3/2021 Los Angeles County reports no new COVID-19 deaths - Los Angeles Times

CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles County reports no new COVID-19 deaths

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-05-02/los-angeles-county-reports-no-new-covid-19-deaths 1/9 5/3/2021 Los Angeles County reports no new COVID-19 deaths - Los Angeles Times Student registered nurse Camille Endicio ﬁlls a syringe with Pﬁzer-BioNTech vaccine at a mobile clinic in Los Angeles on April 20. (Al Seib / Los Angeles Times)

By ALEX WIGGLESWORTH | STAFF WRITER

MAY 2, 2021 UPDATED 5:06 PM PT

Los Angeles County public health authorities on Sunday reported no new deaths related to COVID-19.

Although officials cautioned that the figure was probably an undercount because of reporting delays on weekends, it still marked a bright spot, capping several months of progress in the fight against the coronavirus.

The county also reported 313 new cases of the virus. There were 390 COVID-19 patients in county hospitals as of Saturday, a drop of about 16% from two weeks before.

L.A. County has recorded more than 1.2 million confirmed coronavirus cases, and 23,915 residents have died of COVID-19-related causes, according to The Times’ independent tally.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-05-02/los-angeles-county-reports-no-new-covid-19-deaths 2/9 5/3/2021 Los Angeles County reports no new COVID-19 deaths - Los Angeles Times Meanwhile, 46.8% of L.A. County residents have received at least one dose of vaccine, and 31.5% are fully vaccinated. Experts have credited a relative lack of vaccine hesitancy in California with helping to hold off another surge of infections, as has been seen in some other states.

Public health officials said Saturday that infections in L.A. County remained at their lowest levels since the start of the pandemic. The average daily rate of positive cases among those tested was 0.7% over the last week, according to county data, and just 0.6% of the tests performed Saturday came back positive.

CALIFORNIA California’s secret weapon in COVID-19 success: We are not skeptical about the vaccine May 1, 2021

The sustained declines come as L.A. County appears poised to move into the yellow tier, the most lenient of the state’s COVID-19 reopening system, which will permit most businesses to operate indoors, with modifications. To qualify for the wider reopenings, the county must have an adjusted daily new case rate of fewer than 2 per 100,000 people.

According to state data released last week, the county’s rate of new coronavirus cases — adjusted based on the number of tests performed — had dropped to 1.9 per day per 100,000 people. Officials are expected to announce Tuesday whether the county has been able to maintain or drop below that rate for a second week, as required to move forward with a wider relaxation of rules.

CALIFORNIA COVID-19 PANDEMIC

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-05-02/los-angeles-county-reports-no-new-covid-19-deaths 3/9 5/3/2021 CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined – San Bernardino Sun ___

BUSINESS CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined

By KAISER HEALTH NEWS || PUBLISHED: May 3, 2021 at 8:26 a.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: May 3, 2021 at 8:50 a.m.

By Joshua Eaton and Rachana Pradhan | Kaiser Health News Two national pharmacy chains that the federal government entrusted to inoculate people against covid-19 account for the lionʼs share of wasted vaccine doses, according to government data obtained by KHN.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 182,874 wasted doses as of late March, three months into the countryʼs effort to vaccinate the masses against the coronavirus. Of those, CVS was responsible for nearly half, and Walgreens for 21%, or nearly 128,500 wasted shots combined.

CDC data suggests that the companies have wasted more doses than states, U.S. territoriesterritories andand federalfederal agenciesagencies combined.combined. PfizerʼsPfizerʼs vaccine,vaccine, whichwhich inin DecemberDecember was the first to be deployed and initially required storage at ultracold temperatures,temperatures, representedrepresented nearlynearly 60%60% ofof tossedtossed doses.doses.

Itʼs not completely clear from the CDC data why the two chains wasted so much more vaccine than states and federal agencies. Some critics have pointed to poor planning early in the rollout, when the Trump administration leaned heavily on CVS and Walgreens to vaccinate residents and staff members of long-term care facilities.facilities. InIn responseresponse toto questions,questions, CVSCVS saidsaid “nearly“nearly all”all” ofof itsits reportedreported vaccinevaccine waste occurred during that effort. Walgreens did not specify how many wasted doses were from the long-term care program.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/03/cvs-and-walgreens-have-wasted-more-vaccine-doses-than-most-states-combined/?utm_campaign=soci… 1/7 5/3/2021 CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined – San Bernardino Sun One thing is clear: Months into the nationʼs vaccination drive, the CDC has a limitedlimited viewview ofof howhow muchmuch vaccinevaccine isis goinggoing toto waste,waste, wherewhere itʼsitʼs wastedwasted andand whowho isis wasting it, potentially complicating efforts to direct doses to where they are needed most. Public health experts say having a good handle on waste is crucial forfor detectingdetecting problemsproblems thatthat couldcould derailderail progressprogress andand riskrisk lives.lives.

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which come in multidose vials, are fragilefragile andand havehave limitedlimited shelfshelf lives.lives. Overall,Overall, wastewaste hashas beenbeen minuscule:minuscule: AsAs ofof March 30, the U.S. had delivered roughly 189.5 million vaccine doses and administered 147.6 million, including 7.7 million in long-term care facilities, according to the CDC.

Among other things, tracking wasted doses helps to identify bottlenecks where distribution adjustments might be needed, said Dr. Bruce Y. Lee, a professor of health policy and management at the City University of New York. Because the federalfederal governmentgovernment isis footingfooting thethe billbill forfor thethe countryʼscountryʼs doses,doses, anyany wastewaste amountsamounts toto “basically“basically throwingthrowing [taxpayer][taxpayer] moneymoney downdown thethe chute,”chute,” hehe said.said. CVS,CVS, WalgreensWalgreens and other retailers donʼt pay for the vaccine. The government provides it. And under the Medicare program, it pays providers roughly $40 for each dose administered.

Particularly early on, officials didnʼt adequately assess where there would be demand and set up sites in response, Lee said — something thatʼs especially importantimportant whenwhen tryingtrying toto jabjab asas manymany peoplepeople asas possiblepossible asas quicklyquickly asas possible.possible.

“If you think of any business, theyʼre going to determine where the customers are first,”first,” hehe said.said. “Itʼs“Itʼs notnot justjust aa mattermatter ofof loadingloading upup vaccinevaccine andand goinggoing toto aa place.”place.”

KHNʼs survey of vaccine waste is based on public records requests to the CDC and all 50 states, five major cities, Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C. Combined, the records document more than 200,000 wasted doses. However, the data has clear shortcomings. Data from 15 states, the District of Columbia and multiple U.S. territoriesterritories areare notnot includedincluded inin thethe CDCʼsCDCʼs records.records. And,And, inin general,general, wastewaste reportingreporting has been inconsistent.

In addition to the CDC, 33 states and D.C. provided at least some data to KHN in response to those records requests. They reported at least 18,675 additional doses thatthat havehave beenbeen wastedwasted acrossacross 1010 jurisdictionsjurisdictions notnot representedrepresented inin thethe CDCCDC figures.figures. They include 9,229 doses wasted in Texas as of March 26 and 2,384 in New Hampshire as of March 10.

An additional eight states told KHN of more wasted doses than they reported to thethe CDC.CDC.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/03/cvs-and-walgreens-have-wasted-more-vaccine-doses-than-most-states-combined/?utm_campaign=soci… 2/7 5/3/2021 CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined – San Bernardino Sun But no city or state comes close to the waste reported by CVS and Walgreens, whose long-term care vaccination drive was criticized by some officials as slow and ineffective. Among nursing home staffers, a median of 37.5% reported they got a shot in the first month, according to a February CDC study..

“To me, this ultimately correlates with just poor planning,” said Dr. Michael Wasserman, immediate past president of the California Association of Long Term Care Medicine and a critic of the corporate effort.

Wasserman said the companiesʼ approach was too restrictive and their unfamiliarity with long-term facilitiesʼ needs harmed the effort.

“CVS and Walgreens didnʼt have a clue when it came to interacting with nursing homes,” he said. “Missed opportunities for vaccination in long-term care invariablyinvariably resultsresults inin deaths.”deaths.”

A CVS spokesperson, Michael DeAngelis, in an email blamed wasted doses on “issues with transportation restrictions, limitations on redirecting unused doses, and other factors.”

“Despite the inherent challenges, our teams were able to limit waste to approximately one dose per onsite vaccination clinic,” he added.

Walgreens said its wastage amounted to less than 0.5% of vaccines the company administered through March 29, which totaled 3 million shots in long-term care facilitiesfacilities andand 5.25.2 millionmillion moremore throughthrough thethe federalfederal governmentʼsgovernmentʼs retailretail pharmacypharmacy partnership.

“Our goal has always been ensuring every dose of vaccine is used,” company spokesperson Kris Lathan said in an email. Before scheduled clinics, she said, Walgreens would base doses it would need on registrations, “which minimized excess and reduced overestimations.”

CDC spokesperson Kate Fowlie said that because the retail pharmacy giants were taskedtasked withwith administeringadministering aa largelarge numbernumber ofof doses,doses, “a“a higherhigher percentagepercentage ofof thethe overall wastage would not be unexpected, particularly in an early vaccination effort that spanned thousands of locations.” Since President Joe Biden took office inin January,January, hishis administrationadministration hashas directeddirected pharmaciespharmacies toto prioritizeprioritize vaccinationsvaccinations forfor teachersteachers andand schoolschool personnel.personnel.

Overall, pharmacies accounted for almost 75% of wasted doses reported to the CDC. States and some large cities accounted for 23.3% of vaccine waste reported, and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Prisons and the Indian Health Service, for just 1.54%. The Virgin Islands — the only U.S. territory in the federal data — was 0.19%. https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/03/cvs-and-walgreens-have-wasted-more-vaccine-doses-than-most-states-combined/?utm_campaign=soci… 3/7 5/3/2021 CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined – San Bernardino Sun “Though every effort is made to reduce the volume of wastage in a vaccination program, sometimes itʼs necessary to identify doses as ʻwasteʼ to ensure anyone wanting a vaccine can receive it, as well as to ensure patient safety and vaccine effectiveness,” Fowlie said. Even still, the CDC has provided guidance and worked with health departments to train staff members to reduce wastage, and clinic staffers should do “everything possible” to avoid wasting shots, she added.

Vaccine waste could increase in the coming weeks as officials shift tactics to inoculateinoculate harder-to-reachharder-to-reach populations,populations, publicpublic healthhealth expertsexperts say.say.

“I think we are getting to a place where, to continue to be successful with vaccination, weʼre going to have to tolerate some waste,” said Dr. Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. People unwilling to travel to a mass-vaccination site might go to a primary care physician or smaller rural pharmacy that might not be able to use every dose in an open vial, he said.

Claire Hannan, executive director of the Association of Immunization Managers, said concerns about waste should not trump getting shots into arms.

“If someoneʼs there, you need to vaccinate them,” she said. “In our efforts not to waste a dose, we may be missing opportunities to vaccinate because we donʼt have 15 people lined up or 10 people lined up.”

CDC Numbers Donʼt Match State Data

The federal government collects information about vaccine waste through federal systems called VTrckS, which manages ordering and shipments, and Tiberius, a platform run by the Department of Health and Human Services that monitors distribution. VTrckS can exchange data with state and local immunization registries that track who has received a shot, but some states rely on manual data entry, Hannan said.

The 15 states not included in the CDCʼs data are Alaska, California, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon and Texas. The District of Columbia is also missing.

Of those jurisdictions, 11 provided data to KHN: Alaska, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Texas and D.C.

Most of those reported minimal waste to KHN: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and D.C. together registered just 1,090 wasted doses.

In others, the numbers are more significant. On March 19, the Maryland Department of Health said it knew of 3,175 wasted doses. https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/03/cvs-and-walgreens-have-wasted-more-vaccine-doses-than-most-states-combined/?utm_campaign=soci… 4/7 5/3/2021 CVS and Walgreens have wasted more COVID vaccine doses than most state agencies combined – San Bernardino Sun Texas had the most wasted doses of any state in either the CDCʼs data or the data states provided to KHN. Its records showed 9,229 wasted doses as of March 26, putting it third in overall waste behind CVS and Walgreens.

Fowlie, the CDC spokesperson, said the agency is “working closely” with states thatthat havehave technicaltechnical issuesissues toto ensureensure accurateaccurate reporting.reporting.

Broken Freezers, Bent Needles, No-Shows

The reasons states gave for waste varied, from broken vials and syringes, to provider storage errors, to leftover doses from open vials that couldnʼt be used.

The largest waste incidents, in which hundreds of doses were lost at a time, tendedtended toto bebe duedue toto freezerfreezer malfunctionsmalfunctions oror workersworkers leavingleaving dosesdoses atat roomroom temperaturetemperature tootoo long.long.

But state records also register the little things that can go wrong.

On Dec. 16, the public health department in Gunnison County, Colorado, lost a single dose of the Pfizer vaccine when someone bumped into a table and a vial spilled. On Jan. 5, the Tri-County Health Department in Westminster, Colorado, reported that it wasted a Moderna dose because a hypodermic needle bent.

Remi Graber is a registered nurse who has vaccinated people at mass sites and community health clinics in Rhode Island. They said itʼs not uncommon for a vial toto havehave oneone tootoo manymany oror oneone tootoo fewfew doses,doses, whichwhich cancan leadlead toto aa dosedose beingbeing counted as wasted. There are also sometimes syringe problems that result in waste.

But Graber said the biggest problem is people not showing up. Once a vial is punctured, Pfizerʼs vaccine must be used within six hours. On April 1, Moderna announced that an opened vaccine vial was good for 12 hours — double what it had been previously.

“What could happen is you get people who just decide, ʻYou know what? I donʼt need my vaccine today. Iʼm not going to show up,ʼ” they said. “Well, now weʼre scrambling to find somebody to take the vaccine, because we donʼt want to waste it.”it.”

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https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/03/cvs-and-walgreens-have-wasted-more-vaccine-doses-than-most-states-combined/?utm_campaign=soci… 5/7 4/30/2021 CDC: Most J&J vaccine side effects are ‘nonserious,’ 17 cases of blood clot condition – San Bernardino Sun ___

BUSINESS CDC: Most J&J vaccine side effects are ‘nonserious,’ 17 cases of blood clot condition

One-shot doses of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine are prepared at a clinic targetingtargeting immigrantimmigrant communitycommunity membersmembers onon MarchMarch 2525 inin LosLos Angeles,Angeles, California.California. (Mario(Mario Tama/GettyTama/Getty Images)Images)

By CNN COM || CNN.comCNN.com WireWire ServiceService PUBLISHED: April 30, 2021 at 10:38 a.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: April 30, 2021 at 10:39 a.m.

By Jacqueline Howard and Virginia Langmaid | CNN

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/cdc-most-jj-vaccine-side-effects-are-nonserious-17-cases-of-blood-clot-condition/?utm_source=twitter.co… 1/5 4/30/2021 CDC: Most J&J vaccine side effects are ‘nonserious,’ 17 cases of blood clot condition – San Bernardino Sun A new review of Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine safety monitoring data findsfinds thatthat onlyonly 3%3% ofof reportedreported reactionsreactions afterafter receivingreceiving thethe vaccinevaccine areare classifiedclassified asas serious — and there have been a total of 17 incidents of severe blood clotting while also experiencing low blood platelet levels.

The report, published on Friday by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, notes that the safety profile of the vaccine so far has been similar to what was seen in clinical trials, but safety monitoring during the vaccineʼs rollout quickly identified the blood clot incidents.

“A rare but serious adverse event occurring primarily in women, blood clots in largelarge vesselsvessels accompaniedaccompanied byby aa lowlow plateletplatelet count,count, waswas rapidlyrapidly detecteddetected byby thethe U.S. vaccine safety monitoring system,” CDC researchers wrote in the report. “Monitoring for common and rare adverse events after receipt of all COVID-19 vaccines, including the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, is continuing.”

Janssen is the vaccine arm of Johnson & Johnson. In February, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was authorized forfor emergencyemergency useuse inin thethe UnitedUnited States.States. UseUse ofof thethe vaccinevaccine waswas pausedpaused temporarilytemporarily inin mid-Aprilmid-April duedue toto reportsreports ofof extremelyextremely rarerare yet severe blood clotting events in the brainʼs venous sinuses following vaccinations. The pause lifted lastlast week.week.

The new CDC report summarizes the latest safety data on the vaccine, which includesincludes 13,72513,725 incidentsincidents reportedreported throughthrough thethe agencyʼsagencyʼs VaccineVaccine AdverseAdverse EventsEvents Reporting System. The data showed that 97% of the events have been nonserious.

Overall, there were 17 events consistent with what has been described as thrombosisthrombosis withwith thrombocytopeniathrombocytopenia syndrome,syndrome, oror bloodblood clottingclotting withwith lowlow bloodblood platelet levels — including 14 that were cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and threethree thatthat diddid notnot involveinvolve thethe brainʼsbrainʼs venousvenous sinusessinuses amongamong womenwomen youngeryounger thanthan 60 during the vaccine pause, according to the report.

The data also included 88 deaths reported after vaccination. Among those deaths, threethree occurredoccurred inin patientspatients withwith cerebralcerebral venousvenous sinussinus thrombosisthrombosis andand CDCCDC researchers wrote that, after preliminary reviews, “no other deaths appear to have an association with vaccination.”

Increased number of ‘anxiety-related events’

Additional new data publishedpublished FridayFriday fromfrom thethe CDCCDC suggestssuggests thatthat administrationadministration of Johnson & Johnsonʼs Covid-19 vaccine in early April may have also been connected to an increased incidence of “anxiety-related events” in the 15-minute waiting period post-vaccine.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/cdc-most-jj-vaccine-side-effects-are-nonserious-17-cases-of-blood-clot-condition/?utm_source=twitter.co… 2/5 4/30/2021 CDC: Most J&J vaccine side effects are ‘nonserious,’ 17 cases of blood clot condition – San Bernardino Sun All of these anxiety-related events occurred before reports came out of thrombosisthrombosis withwith thrombocytopeniathrombocytopenia syndromesyndrome connectedconnected toto thethe JanssenJanssen vaccine.vaccine.

In a study published Friday in the CDCʼs Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, researchers examined data from five mass vaccination sites which reported increasedincreased anxiety-relatedanxiety-related events,events, includingincluding rapidrapid heartheart rate,rate, rapidrapid breathing,breathing, andand fainting,fainting, followingfollowing administrationadministration ofof JohnsonJohnson && JohnsonʼsJohnsonʼs JanssenJanssen Covid-19Covid-19 vaccine from April 7-9.

Researchers tallied 64 anxiety-related events out of 8,624 vaccine recipients. The rate of syncope, or fainting, was found to be 8.2 incidences per 100,000 doses, which is 164 times the rate of fainting following the flu vaccine, the researchers wrote.

All of the events were reported to Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, and none were considered “serious” by VAERS standards. Over half of the reported faintingfainting eventsevents occurredoccurred inin women.women. ForFor fourfour outout ofof thethe fivefive sitessites observed,observed, thesethese events happened on the first day of Janssen shot administration.

Study authors suggested that because the Janssen Covid-19 vaccine is a single- dose shot, people with a fear of needles may be more inclined to get this shot over one of the two-dose options. Out of all fainting cases, 20% of those reported occurred in people who had already informed vaccination site staff they had a history of needle aversion.

Half of the reports of fainting occurred in people ages 18 to 29, and fainting associated with injections is more common in adolescents and young adults. Researchers cited similar fainting rates in administration of the human papillomavirus vaccine, largely given to young people. The HPV vaccine has a faintingfainting raterate ofof 7.87.8 perper 100,000.100,000.

Researchers said tracking anxiety event rates will be important information for health care providers as the Covid-19 vaccine reaches more and more young people.

“Anxiety-related events can occur after any vaccination,” study authors wrote.

“It is important that vaccination providers are aware that anxiety-related adverse events might be reported more frequently after receipt of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine than after influenza vaccination and observe all COVID-19 vaccine recipients for any adverse reactions for at least 15 minutes after vaccine administration,” the researchers wrote. “As use of COVID-19 vaccines expands intointo youngeryounger ageage groups,groups, providersproviders shouldshould bebe awareaware thatthat youngeryounger personspersons mightmight be more highly predisposed to anxiety-related events after vaccination than are older persons.” https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/cdc-most-jj-vaccine-side-effects-are-nonserious-17-cases-of-blood-clot-condition/?utm_source=twitter.co… 3/5 5/3/2021 Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Officials Target Markets, Schools - WSJ

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https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccinations-are-slowing-so-oficials-target-markets-schools-11620044791

U.S. Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Oﬃcials Target Markets, Schools States are also oering incentives, from cash to free drinks

There were no crowds at a Covid-19 vaccine site in Los Angeles on Thursday. PHOTO: FREDERIC J. BROWNAGENCE FRANCEPRESSEGETTY IMAGES

By Melanie Grayce West and Talal Ansari May 3, 2021 826 am ET

Listen to this article 6 minutes

There are 15 diﬀerent places to get a Covid-19 vaccine in Louisiana’s Vernon Parish. Most locations have plenty of shots, and residents can even stop by the fairgrounds for one of the pop-up vaccine clinics.

The only thing lacking is customers, said Rick Allen, mayor of Leesville, the parish seat. It isn’t access, or availability, or a lack of transportation or education that is keeping the vaccination rate in the area to roughly 12%, he said.

“It’s a lack of trust,” said Mr. Allen. “The only thing that will overcome that is time.”

https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccinations-are-slowing-so-officials-target-markets-schools-11620044791 1/5 5/3/2021 Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Officials Target Markets, Schools - WSJ Nearly 40% of the U.S. adult population is fully vaccinated against Covid-19, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. But the pace of vaccinations has slowed to an average of 2.5 million shots a day, down from 3.2 million earlier in April.

A volunteer administered the Covid-19 vaccine Wednesday at a drive-through location in Albuquerque, N.M. PHOTO: ADOLPHE PIERRELOUISJOURNALZUMA PRESS

On Friday, officials in Arkansas said they wouldn’t order more vaccine for the coming week, noting there was enough already in the state. In New York, Gov. Andrew Cuomo opened all state-run vaccination sites to walk-ins last week, citing a drop in appointments. In California, a mass-vaccination site at Dodger Stadium will close by the end of May so that vaccine efforts can shift to other sites, officials said Friday.

As demand wanes, states, municipalities and healthcare providers are pivoting their eﬀorts, trying everything from one-on-one education in nontraditional locations to incentives including a free drink and cash.

Last week, West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice said the state will oﬀer a $100 savings bond to residents aged 16 to 35 years old who receive a vaccination. The state had been an early leader in vaccinations.

“If we really want to move the needle, we’ve got to get our younger people vaccinated,” said Mr. Justice, a Republican. “Our kids today probably don’t really realize just how important they are in shutting this thing down.”

https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccinations-are-slowing-so-officials-target-markets-schools-11620044791 2/5 5/3/2021 Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Officials Target Markets, Schools - WSJ

University students in Charleston, W.Va., wait 15 minutes after receiving the vaccine on April 8 to make sure they don’t have an adverse reaction. PHOTO: STEPHEN ZENNERZUMA PRESS

In Detroit, $50 prepaid debit cards are being oﬀered to drivers who take a city resident for a shot. In Connecticut, Democratic Gov. Ned Lamont rolled out a campaign where some restaurants will give a free drink to anyone who shows a vaccination card.

Dr. Stella A. Safo, an HIV primary-care physician and assistant professor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, said some patients, including many older patients, want to see her or have a conversation to get her signoﬀ that the vaccine won’t interfere with medications, before getting a shot.

For some other patients, the conversation on vaccine acceptance can get political. And for others, it is ﬁxed in their mind that they will wait six or nine months to get the shot.

“Some people are just going to be waiting,” said Dr. Safo.

Everyone who was desperate for a vaccine has gotten a shot, said Alexandra Simon, the California director of vaccines for Curative, a Covid-19 testing and health-services company administering vaccines across the country.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccinations-are-slowing-so-officials-target-markets-schools-11620044791 3/5 5/3/2021 Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Officials Target Markets, Schools - WSJ An average of 2.4M doses a day administered over the past week million

Jan Feb March April May Note: Last updated May 3, at 1200 p.m. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The company is now seeing people with access issues, including questions about insurance or identification, and fears about being unable to take care of children because of side effects. Many people, she said, simply can’t take time off. Others only want an appointment on Thursday or Friday, or prefer a site with the vaccine from Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech SE, said Curative’s chief information officer, Isaac Turner.

After hitting a plateau in their vaccination eﬀorts, workers for Urban Health Plan, a network of federally qualiﬁed health centers in New York City, are coordinating directly with employers at the city’s Hunts Point Terminal Market, going to the site to vaccinate dozens of workers at a time. One company wants to set up a vaccine clinic from 3 a.m. to 11 a.m. to catch truckers at the produce market, said Javiera Rivera, Urban Health Plan’s incident command manager for Covid-19 response.

In New York’s Adirondacks region, clinics around Hamilton County have had unused doses at the end of the day, said William Farber, chairman of the Board of Supervisors for Hamilton County.

Mr. Farber said he and others have now acknowledged that despite vaccine availability, there is some portion of the population that only wants the one-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine, while Pﬁzer’s shot is the only one authorized by the Food and Drug Administration for those aged 16 and 17. The county is now working with the state to increase access to those vaccines.

The county medical director has oﬀered to meet with groups such as the Lions Club to help educate people on the vaccine. The county has also discussed the possibility of an “ask the nurse” booth at farmers markets, he said.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccinations-are-slowing-so-officials-target-markets-schools-11620044791 4/5 5/3/2021 Covid-19 Vaccinations Are Slowing, So Officials Target Markets, Schools - WSJ

This week, they plan to hold vaccination clinics at schools to capture teens aged 16 and up, many of whom work in the seasonal tourism industry, and hopefully some parents, too. The county is also set to stand up a vaccination tent in a grocery store parking lot to catch walk-ins, he said.

“We’re trying to cater to what we think the demand is,” said Mr. Farber.

In Vernon Parish, freebies aren’t going to motivate people in this proud, Christian, conservative community, said Mr. Allen. The vaccine is seen as political and people are “just not ready to trust the federal government,” he said, and don’t trust the media. The pause on the J&J vaccine has created uncertainty, he said. Fundamentally, he said, there are trust issues.

“No one from the outside, for sure, would be trusted in this community telling anybody anything. And I don’t care if you’re a doctor or who you are,” said Mr. Allen. “It’s going to take time for our people to say, ‘OK, well, Mr. David got this vaccine and he’s doing ﬁne. And Suzy got this vaccine and she’s doing ﬁne.’ ”

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California has given 30 million COVID-19 vaccinations, but demand may be dropping

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 1/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times

Huong Vu, 20, of Santa Ana receives a dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine at Edwards Lifesciences in Santa Ana on April 22. (Christina House / Los Angeles Times )

By LUKE MONEY | STAFF WRITER

APRIL 30, 2021 1:04 PM PT

Providers throughout California have now administered 30 million total doses of COVID-19 vaccine — a milestone that, though promising, comes amid rising concerns that interest in the shots may be starting to wane.

The abrupt about-face from a situation in which demand for doses far outstripped supply to one where appointments are readily available is alarming health officials who note that, for all the progress California has made against COVID-19, the battle is not yet over.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 2/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times “The best tool we have for allowing us to stay on this recovery path is the vaccine,” Los Angeles County Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer said this week.

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Even with the state having passed another momentous mile marker, many residents have still yet to roll up their sleeves, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

And despite the sheer number of doses that have been doled out, California — with its roughly 40 million residents — remains significantly short of the level of vaccine coverage many experts believe necessary to achieve herd immunity and finally bring the pandemic to an end.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 3/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times To date, 48.5% of all residents, and 61.5% of adults, have received at least one vaccine dose, CDC figures show.

But only 30.2% of Californians have fully completed their inoculation course, meaning they’ve received both required doses of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna or the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

COVID-19 vaccinations in California Doses administered by day

400,000

300,000

7-day 200,000 average

100,000

0 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 Dec. Jan. Feb. April

California Department of Public Health Ben Welsh LOS ANGELES TIMES

Though estimates vary, the share of the population that would need to be vaccinated to starve the coronavirus of new people to infect is often pegged at 80% or higher.

And recent data illustrate that California’s vaccination pace is starting to tail off.

For the week ending Monday, providers statewide administered an average of 318,098 doses per day — down about 20% from the statewide peak of 395,328 per day during the week ending April 11, according to data compiled by The Times.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 4/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times

In L.A. County, “almost all of the providers have said they had appointments that did not get filled this week. Some had a few, some had a lot,” Ferrer said Thursday.

“We’re down at least 50% at all of our county sites in terms of filling appointments,” she said during a briefing. “We take a lot of walk-ins, so that makes up for some of it, but we’re still going to be down for this week.”

This significant drop, she continued, is “very worrisome.”

“This would not be the time to sort of lose momentum on vaccinations,” she said.

CALIFORNIA Dodger Stadium vaccine site to close amid demand slowdown https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 5/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times April 30, 2021

California’s most populous county isn’t an outlier when it comes to a downward demand for doses. Dr. Marty Fenstersheib, Santa Clara county’s COVID-19 testing and vaccine officer, is also “concerned about the drop in demand for vaccine that we have seen over the past week or so.”

“We’ve come so far, but we aren’t in the clear yet,” Fenstersheib said in a statement Friday. “Today I am urging everyone to continue getting vaccinated. This will save lives, protect our community from dangerous variants, and help us get out of this pandemic. We won’t reach the finish line until everyone who is eligible gets a shot.”

Many areas of the country are experiencing a similar trend.

CALIFORNIA L.A. County relaxes outdoor mask rules for those vaccinated. But there are exceptions April 30, 2021

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-30/california-has-administered-30-million-covid-19-vaccines-but-demand-may-be-dropping 6/13 4/30/2021 Californians' demand for COVID vaccinations may be dropping - Los Angeles Times

This is likely the result of a number of factors — ranging from temporary interruptions in supply due to the recently lifted safety review pause for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine to the possibility that many people who wanted to get vaccinated have already done so, leaving only those who may be more reluctant or resistant to getting the shots.

“Given that we’ve succeeded in getting vaccinations to the lion’s share of those most at risk and those most eager to get vaccinated, we are now increasingly focused on other groups that will take time to reach,” Jeff Zients, coordinator of President Biden’s COVID-19 task force, said during a briefing Friday. “And we expect the number of shots administered each day to moderate and fluctuate.”

More than 240 million total vaccine doses have been administered nationwide, and 43.6% of Americans have received at least one shot, CDC data show. About 30.5% are considered fully vaccinated.

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https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html

Reaching ʻHerd Immunityʼ Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe Widely circulating coronavirus variants and persistent hesitancy about vaccines will keep the goal out of reach. The virus is here to stay, but vaccinating the most vulnerable may be enough to restore normalcy.

By Apoorva Mandavilli

May 3, 2021, 3:00 a.m. ET

Early in the pandemic, when vaccines for the coronavirus were still just a glimmer on the horizon, the term “herd immunity” came to signify the endgame: the point when enough Americans would be protected from the virus so we could be rid of the pathogen and reclaim our lives.

Now, more than half of adults in the United States have been inoculated with at least one dose of a vaccine. But daily vaccination rates are slipping, and there is widespread consensus among scientists and public health experts that the herd immunity threshold is not attainable — at least not in the foreseeable future, and perhaps not ever.

Instead, they are coming to the conclusion that rather than making a long-promised exit, the virus will most likely become a manageable threat that will continue to circulate in the United States for years to come, still causing hospitalizations and deaths but in much smaller numbers.

How much smaller is uncertain and depends in part on how much of the nation, and the world, becomes vaccinated and how the coronavirus evolves. It is already clear, however, that the virus is changing too quickly, new variants are spreading too easily and vaccination is proceeding too slowly for herd immunity to be within reach anytime soon.

Continued immunizations, especially for people at highest risk because of age, exposure or health status, will be crucial to limiting the severity of outbreaks, if not their frequency, experts believe.

“The virus is unlikely to go away,” said Rustom Antia, an evolutionary biologist at Emory University in Atlanta. “But we want to do all we can to check that it’s likely to become a mild infection.”

The shift in outlook presents a new challenge for public health authorities. The drive for herd immunity — by the summer, some experts once thought possible — captured the imagination of large segments of the public. To say the goal will not be attained adds another “why bother” to the list of reasons that vaccine skeptics use to avoid being inoculated.

Yet vaccinations remain the key to transforming the virus into a controllable threat, experts said.

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the Biden administration’s top adviser on Covid-19, acknowledged the shift in experts’ thinking.

“People were getting confused and thinking you’re never going to get the infections down until you reach this mystical level of herd immunity, whatever that number is,” he said.

“That’s why we stopped using herd immunity in the classic sense,” he added. “I’m saying: Forget that for a second. You vaccinate enough people, the infections are going to go down.”

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Why reaching the threshold is tough

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR13iarA3P8MXaS3dAYQ7nM… 1/5 5/3/2021 Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe - The New York Times

Crowds on the National Mall in April. Resistance to the vaccines is a main reason the United States is unlikely to reach herd immunity, but it is not the only one. Amr Alfiky/The New York Times

Once the novel coronavirus began to spread across the globe in early 2020, it became increasingly clear that the only way out of the pandemic would be for so many people to gain immunity — whether through natural infection or vaccination — that the virus would run out of people to infect. The concept of reaching herd immunity became the implicit goal in many countries, including the United States.

Early on, the target herd immunity threshold was estimated to be about 60 to 70 percent of the population. Most experts, including Dr. Fauci, expected that the United States would be able to reach it once vaccines were available.

But as vaccines were developed and distribution ramped up through the winter and into the spring, estimates of the threshold began to rise. That is because the initial calculations were based on the contagiousness of the original version of the virus. The predominant variant now circulating in the United States, called B.1.1.7 and first identified in Britain, is about 60 percent more transmissible.

As a result, experts now calculate the herd immunity threshold to be at least 80 percent. If even more contagious variants develop, or if scientists find that immunized people can still transmit the virus, the calculation will have to be revised upward again.

Polls show that about 30 percent of the U.S. population is still reluctant to be vaccinated. That number is expected to improve but probably not enough. “It is theoretically possible that we could get to about 90 percent vaccination coverage, but not super likely, I would say,” said Marc Lipsitch, an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

Though resistance to the vaccines is a main reason the United States is unlikely to reach herd immunity, it is not the only one.

Herd immunity is often described as a national target. But that is a hazy concept in a country this large.

The Coronavirus Outbreak › Latest Updates › Updated 2 hours ago

In Canada, residents face long waits for second vaccine doses as cases rise.

In Mexico City, ofﬁcials have lined up a number of entertainment options at vaccination sites.

Deaths mount during an oxygen shortage in India, and a high court intervenes.

“Disease transmission is local,” Dr. Lipsitch noted.

“If the coverage is 95 percent in the United States as a whole, but 70 percent in some small town, the virus doesn’t care,” he explained. “It will make its way around the small town.”

Uneven Willingness to Get Vaccinated Could Affect Herd Immunity In some parts of the United States, inoculation rates may not reach the threshold needed to prevent the coronavirus from spreading easily.

Estimated share of adults who would https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR13iarA3P8MXaS3dAYQ7nM… 2/5 5/3/2021 Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe - The New York Times “deﬁnitely” or “probably” get the vaccine 49 60 65 70 75 80 91% WASH.

MAINE MONT. N.D. MINN. ORE. VT. N.H. IDAHO WIS. S.D. N.Y. MASS. CONN. R.I. WYO. MICH.

IOWA PA. NEB. N.J. NEV. OHIO MD. ILL. DEL. UTAH IND. COLO. W.VA. CALIF. VA. KAN. MO. KY.

N.C. TENN. ARIZ. OKLA. N.M. ARK. S.C.

MISS. ALA. GA. LA. TEXAS

ALASKA FLA.

HAWAII

Source: Department of Health and Human Services • By Jason Kao

How insulated a particular region is from the coronavirus depends on a dizzying array of factors.

Herd immunity can fluctuate with “population crowding, human behavior, sanitation and all sorts of other things,” said Dr. David M. Morens, a virologist and senior adviser to Dr. Fauci. “The herd immunity for a wealthy neighborhood might be X, then you go into a crowded neighborhood one block away and it’s 10X.”

Given the degree of movement among regions, a small virus wave in a region with a low vaccination level can easily spill over into an area where a majority of the population is protected.

At the same time, the connectivity between countries, particularly as travel restrictions ease, emphasizes the urgency of protecting not just Americans but everyone in the world, said Natalie E. Dean, a biostatistician at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Any variants that arise in the world will eventually reach the United States, she noted.

Many parts of the world lag far behind the United States on vaccinations. Less than 2 percent of the people in India have been fully vaccinated, for example, and less than 1 percent in South Africa, according to data compiled by The New York Times.

“We will not achieve herd immunity as a country or a state or even as a city until we have enough immunity in the population as a whole,” said Lauren Ancel Meyers, the director of the Covid-19 Modeling Consortium at the University of Texas at Austin.

What the future may hold If the herd immunity threshold is not attainable, what matters most is the rate of hospitalizations and deaths after pandemic restrictions are relaxed, experts believe.

By focusing on vaccinating the most vulnerable, the United States has already brought those numbers down sharply. If the vaccination levels of that group continue to rise, the expectation is that over time the coronavirus may become seasonal, like the flu, and affect mostly the young and healthy.

“What we want to do at the very least is get to a point where we have just really sporadic little flare-ups,” said Carl Bergstrom, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Washington in Seattle. “That would be a very sensible target in this country where we have an excellent vaccine and the ability to deliver it.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR13iarA3P8MXaS3dAYQ7nM… 3/5 5/3/2021 Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe - The New York Times Over the long term — a generation or two — the goal is to transition the new coronavirus to become more like its cousins that cause common colds. That would mean the first infection is early in childhood, and subsequent infections are mild because of partial protection, even if immunity wanes.

Some unknown proportion of people with mild cases may go on to experience debilitating symptoms for weeks or months — a syndrome called “long Covid” — but they are unlikely to overwhelm the health care system.

“The vast majority of the mortality and of the stress on the health care system comes from people with a few particular conditions, and especially people who are over 60,” Dr. Lipsitch said. “If we can protect those people against severe illness and death, then we will have turned Covid from a society disrupter to a regular infectious disease.”

If communities maintain vigilant testing and tracking, it may be possible to bring the number of new cases so low that health officials can identify any new introduction of the virus and immediately stifle a potential outbreak, said Bary Pradelski, an economist at the National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble, France. He and his colleagues described this strategy in a paper published on Thursday in the scientific journal The Lancet.

“Eradication is, I think, impossible at this stage,” Dr. Pradelski said. “But you want local elimination.”

Darcia Bryden-Currie, a nurse, preparing a vaccine for Stephen Elliot at his home in the Bronx, part of an inoculation program for homebound people. James Estrin/The New York Times

Vaccination is still the key The endpoint has changed, but the most pressing challenge remains the same: persuading as many people as possible to get the shot.

Reaching a high level of immunity in the population “is not like winning a race,” Dr. Lipsitch said. “You have to then feed it. You have to keep vaccinating to stay above that threshold.”

Skepticism about the vaccines among many Americans and lack of access in some groups — homeless populations, migrant workers or some communities of color — make it a challenge to achieve that goal. Vaccine mandates would only make that stance worse, some experts believe.

A better approach would be for a trusted figure to address the root cause of the hesitancy — fear, mistrust, misconceptions, ease of access or a desire for more information, said Mary Politi, an expert in health decision making and health communication at Washington University in St. Louis.

People often need to see others in their social circle embracing something before they are willing to try it, Dr. Politi said. Emphasizing the benefits of vaccination to their lives, like seeing a family member or sending their children to school, might be more motivating than the nebulous idea of herd immunity.

“That would resonate with people more than this somewhat elusive concept that experts are still trying to figure out,” she added.

Though children spread the virus less efficiently than adults do, the experts all agreed that vaccinating children would also be important for keeping the number of Covid cases low. In the long term, the public health system will also need to account for babies, and for children and adults who age into a group with higher risk. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR13iarA3P8MXaS3dAYQ7nM… 4/5 5/3/2021 Reaching ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Unlikely in the U.S., Experts Now Believe - The New York Times Unnerving scenarios remain on the path to this long-term vision.

Over time, if not enough people are protected, highly contagious variants may develop that can break through vaccine protection, land people in the hospital and put them at risk of death.

“That’s the nightmare scenario,” said Jeffrey Shaman, an epidemiologist at Columbia University.

How frequent and how severe those breakthrough infections are have the potential to determine whether the United States can keep hospitalizations and deaths low or if the country will find itself in a “mad scramble” every couple of years, he said.

“I think we’re going to be looking over our shoulders — or at least public health officials and infectious disease epidemiologists are going to be looking over their shoulders going: ‘All right, the variants out there — what are they doing? What are they capable of?” he said. “Maybe the general public can go back to not worrying about it so much, but we will have to.”

Apoorva Mandavilli is a reporter focusing on science and global health. She is the 2019 winner of the Victor Cohn Prize for Excellence in Medical Science Reporting. @apoorva_nyc

A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: ʻHerd Immunityʼ Dims With Pace Of Vaccinations

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/health/covid-herd-immunity-vaccine.html?smtyp=cur&smid=fb-nytimes&fbclid=IwAR13iarA3P8MXaS3dAYQ7nM… 5/5 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ

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https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381

HEALTH Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray Drugmakers and government labs are developing doses easier to take and transport to tackle coronavirus variants and avert future pandemics

At Altimnune’s lab in Gaithersburg, Md., scientists are developing a new Covid-19 vaccine. PHOTO: TING SHEN FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

By Peter Loftus and Gregory Zuckerman May 3, 2021 533 am ET

Listen to this article 8 minutes

The next generation of Covid-19 vaccines in development could come as a pill or a nasal spray and be easier to store and transport than the current handful of shots that form the backbone of the world-wide vaccination eﬀort.

These newer vaccines, from U.S. government labs and companies including Sanoﬁ SA, Altimmune Inc. and Gritstone Oncology Inc., also have the potential to provide longer- lasting immune responses and be more potent against newer and multiple viral variants, possibly helping to head oﬀ future pandemics, the companies say.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 1/6 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ Vaccines currently authorized for use in the U.S. from Pﬁzer Inc. and its partner BioNTech SE, as well as Moderna Inc., must be transported and stored at low temperatures and require two doses administered weeks apart.

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What do you think future iterations of the Covid-19 vaccine will be like? Join the conversation below.

New vaccines could “constitute some improvement” over those limitations and more easily accommodate vaccination eﬀorts in rural areas, said Gregory Poland, professor and vaccine researcher at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. “You will see second- generation, third-generation vaccines,” he said.

There are 277 Covid-19 vaccines in development globally, of which 93 have entered human testing, according to the World Health Organization. Most of the vaccines in clinical testing are injected, but there are two oral formulations and seven nasal-spray formulations.

Altimmune is developing its Covid-19 vaccine as a nasal spray. PHOTO: TING SHEN FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

Many of the next-generation vaccines are in the early-to-middle phase of human testing, which means they may not become available until later in 2021 or in 2022. There is no guarantee the vaccines will succeed in testing, and some of the companies developing them, such as Altimmune and Gritstone, have never brought a vaccine to market.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 2/6 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ If proven to safely protect people from Covid-19, the new vaccines could serve as boosters in the U.S., where a majority of the adult population is expected to be inoculated by summer with currently authorized vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson. Infectious-disease specialists increasingly expect periodic boosters will be needed to extend the duration of protection from the new coronavirus and to build defenses against variants. They also are looking into whether giving a person doses of two different vaccines can improve their effectiveness.

New vaccines could also be used as primary vaccinations in countries that are lagging behind in mass immunization campaigns.

“It’s critically important down the road to have vaccines that are easier to handle and have better cold-chain characteristics,” said John Mascola, director of the vaccine- research center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Altimmune, of Gaithersburg, Md., is developing a Covid-19 vaccine that is administered as a nasal spray, similar to the FluMist inﬂuenza vaccine from AstraZeneca PLC that is a popular choice for children for seasonal ﬂu vaccination.

‘It’s critically important down the road to have vaccines that are easier to handle and have better cold-chain characteristics.’ — John Mascola, director of the vaccine-research center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

“It’s a very easy and efficient way to administer the vaccine,” said Scot Roberts, Altimmune’s chief scientific officer. “You don’t need needles and syringes.”

The vaccine uses a modiﬁed version of a harmless virus called an adenovirus, which is engineered to carry a genetic code that instructs the body’s cells to make the spike protein from the coronavirus. This induces an immune response, including the production of antibodies in the blood, building a defense against the real virus.

The design is similar to injected Covid-19 vaccines from Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. But because Altimmune’s vaccine is administered as a nasal spray, it also might induce a type of immune response known as mucosal immunity, which could help

https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 3/6 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ clear virus from the respiratory tract, thereby helping reduce virus transmission by vaccinated people, according to Dr. Roberts.

“Having this mucosal immunity that can both block infection on its way in and also neutralize it when it’s on its way out could be very important from a public-health perspective,” he said.

By midyear, the company expects results of an early-stage study testing whether the vaccine safely induces the desired immune response.

Altimmune says its nasal-spray Covid-19 vaccine might induce a type of immune response that could help clear the virus from the respiratory tract. PHOTO: TING SHEN FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

Vaxart Inc. of South San Francisco, Calif., is developing a Covid-19 vaccine as a tablet that can be swallowed. A small, early-stage study showed it triggered immune responses against the virus and has potential to protect against variants, the company said in February.

Vaxart plans to start a midstage, or Phase 2, study of the tablet vaccine by midyear, a spokesman said.

Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline PLC are jointly exploring potential vaccines against new variants, while also testing a modified version of their original injected Covid-19 vaccine candidate, which studies showed failed to induce a sufficient immune response in older adults.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 4/6 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ Pfizer and Moderna also are chasing second-generation shots, including ones aimed at variants, as well as new formulations that improve storage and shipping. Their first-wave vaccines, authorized by the Food and Drug Administration in December and more than 90% effective at preventing Covid-19, are generally safe, but require two doses as well as low-temperature shipping and storage, and have a limited shelf life once thawed.

Government and academic researchers also are working on new shots, including at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and NIAID.

WRAIR recently started a clinical trial of its experimental Covid-19 vaccine that could provide broader protection against variants. Eventually, U.S. Army researchers hope to make a vaccine to protect against all types of coronaviruses in a single shot, said Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad, the institute’s director of the emerging infectious diseases branch.

That goal is shared by Drew Weissman, a University of Pennsylvania professor and immunologist who did crucial research on the technology behind the Pﬁzer and Moderna vaccines. Dr. Weissman says he fears that new pandemics may arise in the years ahead involving pathogens even more dangerous than the coronavirus behind Covid-19, known as SARS-CoV-2.

“It’s nearly deﬁnite we will have more pandemics in the future,” he said.

Dr. Weissman also is working on a vaccine to protect against all coronaviruses, including those that cause the potentially lethal diseases SARS and MERS. The vaccine has shown evidence of protecting mice from disease, he said.

‘It’s nearly deﬁnite we will have more pandemics in the future.’ — Drew Weissman, University of Pennsylvania professor and immunologist

Another approach toward next-generation immunization is to study whether combining multiple existing Covid-19 vaccines is more eﬀective than a single vaccine.

Government scientists hope to learn how to use diﬀerent booster vaccines to improve the duration of protection while safeguarding against dangerous variants of the virus, says John Beigel, the associate director for clinical research in the NIAID’s division of microbiology and infectious diseases, who is part of the eﬀort. https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 5/6 5/3/2021 Next Generation of Covid-19 Vaccines Could Be Pill or Spray - WSJ The scientists, working with academic partners, hope to start the study in the months ahead and to have some answers this summer. Oxford University is conducting another study involving mixing vaccines.

Nelson Michael, director of the Center for Infectious Diseases Research at WRAIR, calls it the government’s “Cocoa Puﬀs/Trix” experiment.

“It’s looking at what’s on the shelf, taking a little of this ﬁrst and then a little of that next, an approach like a kid would do with cereals,” he says.

MORE ON THE COVID19 PANDEMIC

•Latest: Nearly a Third of Americans Fully Vaccinated

•As Vaccinations Slow, Oficials Target Markets, Schools

•Moderna to Deliver Shots to Hard-Hit Developing World

•Countries Threaten Citizens With Jail if They Return From India

Write to Peter Loftus at [email protected] and Gregory Zuckerman at [email protected]

This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit https://www.djreprints.com.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/next-generation-of-covid-19-vaccines-could-be-pill-or-spray-11620034381?mod=hp_lead_pos7 6/6 5/3/2021 Rite Aid now administering COVID-19 vaccines at all locations

HEALTH Rite Aid is now administering COVID-19 vaccines at all locations, including 500+ in California Ema Sasic Palm Springs Desert Sun Published 11:56 a.m. PT Apr. 30, 2021

Retail pharmacy Rite Aid announced Friday it is now administering COVID-19 vaccines at all of its locations, spanning more than 2,500 stores in 17 states, according to a press release.

There are more than 500 Rite Aid stores in California, according to its website.

All Californians ages 16 or older are now eligible for vaccination. Rite Aid's certified immunizing pharmacists are administering the Moderna, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.

Rite Aid encourages people to schedule an appointment as soon as possible; however, the retail pharmacy is accommodating walk-ins on a limited basis in every store, according to a press release.

Riverside County vaccine tracker: 24% of people fully vaccinated

Inland Empire: Political differences on display as vaccine demand slows

"The availability of vaccines in every Rite Aid location is a major milestone in our ongoing effort to fight COVID-19." Rite Aid COO Jim Peters said in a prepared statement. "... Vaccine availability is improving every day, and our pharmacists are ready to administer vaccines safely and efficiently, providing the benefits of pharmacist-administered vaccines in a safe and sterile environment right in your neighborhood."

Individuals ages 18 and over can schedule appointments using the Rite Aid scheduling tool found at RiteAid.com/covid-19.

Those ages 16 and 17 can schedule an appointment with guardian consent at any store administering the Pfizer vaccine by contacting that pharmacy directly. https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/health/2021/04/30/rite-aid-now-administering-covid-19-vaccines-all-locations/4891943001/ 1/2 5/3/2021 Rite Aid now administering COVID-19 vaccines at all locations

A list of stores can be found at riteaid.com/covid-19/scheduling-a-covid-19-vaccine-for-a-16- or-17-year-old.

Ema Sasic covers health in the Coachella Valley. Reach her at [email protected] or Twitter @ema_sasic.

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/health/2021/04/30/rite-aid-now-administering-covid-19-vaccines-all-locations/4891943001/ 2/2 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar… ___

NEWSCRIME AND PUBLIC SAFETY •• News 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates

Pamela Dianne Duffey and William “Billy” Everette Lane. (Photos courtesy of their families)families)

By QUINN WILSON || [email protected] || PUBLISHED: April 30, 2021 at 2:00 p.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: April 30, 2021 at 2:00 p.m.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 1/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar… In 2018,, ChrissyChrissy SalleySalley waswas readyready toto figurefigure outout whatwhat happenedhappened toto herher estrangedestranged mother. In 1980, the Virginia resident was taken from her motherʼs custody at 2 months old, and even after being adopted by her half-uncle and knowing much of her nuclear family, her motherʼs story remained a mystery to them all.

Salley hired a private investigator and began building a paper trail towards some closure on the mystery. In December 2020, Salleyʼs DNA was matched with the remains of a woman found buried in the desert in one of San Bernardino Countyʼs oldest cold case homicides —— andand aa nightmarenightmare resultresult beganbegan toto unfoldunfold thatthat sheshe couldcould have never anticipated.

The DNA hit led to the revelation that Salleyʼs mother and her boyfriend were, in 1980, two young people who became murder victims in a cross-country hitchhiking effort gone awry. Having finally learned the fate of the pair they hadnʼt heard from forfor moremore thanthan 4040 years,years, somesome ofof theirtheir familyfamily membersmembers todaytoday areare dealingdealing withwith shock,shock, pain and even self-blame from the revelations.

In April, Pamela Dianne Duffey and William Everette Lane were confirmed to be thethe identitiesidentities ofof twotwo bodiesbodies discovereddiscovered buriedburied inin aa remoteremote partpart ofof thethe MojaveMojave DesertDesert inin NovemberNovember 1980.1980. BothBoth werewere allegedlyallegedly killedkilled andand buriedburied nearnear LudlowLudlow andand I-40I-40 sometime in mid-1980 by convicted Mississippi murderer Howard Monteville Neal, thethe SanSan BernardinoBernardino CountyCounty SheriffʼsSheriffʼs DepartmentDepartment announcedannounced AprilApril 21.21. BothBoth werewere believed to have been about 20 when they died. Efforts to identify them were unsuccessful until Salleyʼs DNA was found to be a match for her mother.

The world looked different in 1980. Jimmy Carter was president and Russia was still part of the old Soviet Union. Cell phones, email, the internet and social media were years away — long-distance communication leaned largely on U.S. Mail and landlinelandline phones.phones.

A hit song at the time, ironically, was Willie Nelsonʼs “On The Road Again.”

Duffey and Lane were known to relatives as living transient lifestyles with occasional run-ins with the law, though neither neither were ever officially reported as missing persons, Sheriffʼs Investigator Gerrit Tesselaar said. Some familyfamily membersmembers nevernever eveneven seriouslyseriously consideredconsidered untiluntil thethe pastpast fewfew yearsyears thatthat eithereither were possibly dead.

William “Billy” Everette Lane

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 2/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar…

A young William “Billy” Everette Lane pictured. Lane was recently discovered to be the identity of a male homicide victim who was found buried in a remote part of the Mojave Desert in 1980. (Courtesy of Sandra Blair)

Laneʼs mother Sandra Blair, 76, explained in an interview that she and the rest of his familyfamily justjust assumedassumed “Billy”“Billy” waswas offoff “doing“doing hishis ownown thing.”thing.”

“I just assumed that (his siblings and fatherʼs family) had reported him missing,” Blair said. “Then I find out that there was never a missing persons report on him and his remains have been with the (San Bernardino County Coronerʼs Office) since 1980.”

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 3/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar… A native of Swainsboro, Georgia, Blair moved to Florida as a child and wound up raising her eight children in Jacksonville, with Billy being the oldest after having him at age 14 in 1960. Blair now lives about an hour west of Jacksonville in Lake City.

At the time of Billyʼs hitchhiking effort, neither he nor Blair were in each otherʼs liveslives much.much. InIn 1972,1972, BlairBlair andand herher husbandhusband hadhad divorced,divorced, whichwhich resultedresulted inin himhim having primary custody over the children, she said.

As the single mother struggled to provide for her children, Blair found herself in legallegal troublestroubles afterafter sheshe waswas arrestedarrested forfor “writing“writing badbad checks”checks” forfor groceriesgroceries andand clothes for her family, she said. Her ex-husbandʼs wife ended up adopting seven of thethe eighteight children,children, however,however, BillyBilly waswas thethe onlyonly oneone whowho refused,refused, sheshe said.said.

As a child, Billy did well in school, stayed out of trouble and helped raise his seven siblings, Blair said. However, the period after the divorce was not easy for her oldest child, who began running away at age 14.

“Things were just real rough for (Billy) at home,” Blair said. “He started running away from home and started to get in trouble.”

The last time she saw Billy, she said the two were legally not even supposed to be togethertogether sincesince theythey werewere bothboth onon probation.probation. HeHe hadhad visitedvisited herher inin JacksonvilleJacksonville inin early 1979 in search of money to help support him and his girlfriend, who Blair believes was possibly Pamela Duffey with him at the time.

Pamela “Pam” Dianne Duffey

A young Pamela Dianne Duffey pictured. Duffey was recently discovered to be thethe identityidentity ofof aa femalefemale homicidehomicide victimvictim whowho waswas foundfound buriedburied inin aa remoteremote partpart of the Mojave Desert in 1980. (Courtesy of Chrissy Salley)

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 4/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar…

Duffeyʼs daughter knows that her mother played the flute in high school, earned her GED and began going by her middle name in her late teens. However, Salleyʼs knowledge of her motherʼs life remains limited.

Salley was taken into protective custody by the Northampton County Sheriffʼs Department after Duffeyʼs car reportedly broke down in Virginia while with Billy.

Duffey later traveled to Mobile, Alabama, as she awaited Billyʼs release from prison after he was caught trying to steal baby formula and diapers for Salley, Salley said. While in Alabama, Salley informed her mother of her plans to hitchhike across the country with Billy.

On June 8, 1980, she formally signed her maternal rights to Salley away, her daughter said.

Salley said in the years following their departure, her half-uncle and grandparents made attempts to locate Duffey. She said a relative of hers in the FBI even unsuccessfully ran Duffeyʼs Social Security number in search of any activity.

In an August 2017 jailhouse interview, Neal admitted to Tesselaar and San Bernardino Countyʼs District Attorneyʼs Office Investigator Steve Shumway to picking up two young hitchhikers in 1980 and taking them to his home in Ludlow. After an argument broke out, Neal allegedly shot and killed the man later identified as Lane and then sexually assaulted the woman, now known to be Duffey, before killing her as well, the Sheriffʼs Department said.

“I had always known that (Duffey) was no longer with us, but for her to pass away thatthat wayway waswas veryvery shockingshocking toto learn,”learn,” SalleySalley said.said. https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 5/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar… Revelations

Unbeknownst to Blair, her youngest son also sought out a trail on Billyʼs Social Security number on the internet years before. She only learned five years ago he discovered Billyʼs Social Security activity stopped in early 1980.

“Without actually admitting it, (my youngest son) knew once that (Billyʼs Social Security) activity stopped, he knew that something had happened to him,” Blair said. “Billy wasnʼt trying to hide from anybody; he was working as he was hitchhiking around.”

When Salley first learned of her motherʼs fate, she said she was in “shock” for the firstfirst week.week. WhileWhile mostmost ofof herher relativesrelatives whowho wouldwould havehave knownknown DuffeyDuffey hadhad longlong since died, she said her remaining family shares her sentiments.

Tesselaar said when he first got into contact with Billyʼs family, his step-mother picked up the phone.

“Heʼs dead, isnʼt he?” Tesselaar said was the first question she asked once she learnedlearned whowho thethe callcall waswas about.about.

When the investigator got in touch with Blair and broke the news, Tesselaar said she was pretty emotional. The pain remains fresh for Blair, who has regrets for what she described as having “ran off” after losing guardianship of a majority of her children.

“His not getting along with his step-mother and the fact that his dad and I had gotten the divorce and with me not being able to help him like he needed, that all ledled toto himhim leavingleaving FloridaFlorida andand windingwinding upup wherewhere hehe did,”did,” BlairBlair saidsaid tearfully.tearfully.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 6/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar…

Two unidentified bodies discovered in 1980 in a remote part of the Mojave Desert have been identified and linked to an incarcerated Mississippi man after a more than 40-year investigation, the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department announced Wednesday, April 21. (Courtesy of the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department)

Closure and lingering questions

Blair looks forward to Billyʼs ashes being released and returned to Jacksonville in thethe nextnext twotwo weeks.weeks. OnOn MayMay 23,23, BillyBilly wouldwould havehave turnedturned 6161 yearsyears old.old.

In addition to Blair, Billy is survived by five brothers, a sister and and a half-sister.

Tesselaar said the Sheriffʼs Departmentʼs victim advocate group will help both familiesfamilies withwith costscosts relatedrelated toto cremationcremation andand burial.burial. SalleySalley hashas startedstarted aa GoFundMe toto helphelp withwith otherother relatedrelated expenses,expenses, includingincluding herher familyʼsfamilyʼs traveltravel fromfrom VirginiaVirginia toto Florida, where they plan to bury Duffey in a plot next to her parents.

Duffey is survived by Salley, two grandchildren and a half-sister.

In addition to learning her motherʼs fate, Salley also learned the man listed as her fatherfather onon herher birthbirth certificatecertificate waswas notnot aa DNADNA match,match, puttingputting herher backback toto “square“square one” on that search, she said.

Although Blair has found some relief in finally knowing what became of her son, she still does not rest easy knowing the man who allegedly killed him was not being “legally punished” for it, Blair said.

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 7/10 4/30/2021 1980 San Bernardino County cold case homicides: Victims’ families grapple with the shock of learning their fates – San Bernar… Neal, after killing Duffey and Lane, left Ludlow with his wife. He was later convicted in a triple homicide the next year in Mississippi. Investigators said he shot and killed his brother there and then sexually assaulted two nieces, ages 12 and 13, before killing them. Neal, 68, initially received the death penalty but that was knocked down to life in prison when it was determined he was mentally challenged.

The San Bernardino County case remains under review by the District Attorneyʼs Office as to whether new charges will be filed against Neal.

Blair has many questions she would like Neal to answer, including the reason why he killed her son and Duffey.

“I think that if I could just hear the why he did it — what made him do it — that I might be able to rest easy,” Blair said. “I sleep very little now and I blame myself a lotlot forfor whatwhat hashas happened.happened.

“I want to hear Howard Neal tell me why he did it. Why he couldnʼt have just dropped them off where they were going.”

Efforts to find an attorney representing Neal who could comment for him were unsuccessful.

Salley has been able to find some closure from the investigation. But finds herself thinkingthinking backback toto whatwhat herher motherʼsmotherʼs finalfinal momentsmoments werewere like.like.

In Nealʼs 2017 confession, he said his unwanted advances on Duffey sparked an argument with Lane, which led to him fatally shooting Lane, sexually assaulting Duffey and then killing her.

“I canʼt help but think how scared she had to have been to see her boyfriend killed inin frontfront ofof her,her, andand thenthen bebe rapedraped andand —— youyou justjust donʼtdonʼt eveneven wantwant toto thinkthink aboutabout it,”it,” Salley said.

Salley and Blair have contacted one another to offer condolences over the situation. Blair said speaking about the tragedy has helped relieve the “mental pressure” she has been dealing with.

Blair also wants to appeal to families going through difficult situations, especially a divorce. She urges parents to listen to their children when they say something is wrong and to “not walk away.”

“I donʼt want anything to happen like what happened to my son,” Blair said through tears.tears. “I“I knowknow everythingeverything happenshappens forfor aa reason,reason, butbut forfor thethe lifelife ofof meme II canʼtcanʼt figurefigure out the reason for this.”

https://www.sbsun.com/2021/04/30/1980-san-bernardino-county-cold-case-homicides-victims-families-grapple-with-the-shock-of-learning-t… 8/10 4/30/2021 Insomniac reschedules Beyond Wonderland music festival to August in San Bernardino – Daily Bulletin ___

THINGS TO DOMUSIC + CONCERTS •• News Insomniac reschedules Beyond Wonderland music festival to August in San Bernardino The two-day event was originally scheduled to take place in June.

Insomniac’sInsomniac’s “Alice“Alice inin Wonderland”Wonderland” themedthemed BeyondBeyond WonderlandWonderland festivalfestival hashas beenbeen postponedpostponed toto Aug.Aug. 27-2827-28 atat NOSNOS EventsEvents CenterCenter inin SanSan Bernardino. (Photo by Keith Birmingham, Pasadena Star-News/ SCNG)

By KELLI SKYE FADROSKI || [email protected] || OrangeOrange CountyCounty RegisterRegister PUBLISHED: April 30, 2021 at 11:51 a.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: April 30, 2021 at 11:51 a.m.

Earlier this month InsomniacInsomniac founderfounder PasqualePasquale RotellaRotella announcedannounced he’dhe’d beenbeen forcedforced toto postponepostpone itsits flagshipflagship EDCEDC LasLas VegasVegas festivalfestival onceonce againagain — from May 21-23 to October 22-24 — due to the uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus pandemic. The Southern California-based festival production company has now also pushed back the dates for its Beyond Wonderland fest in San Bernardino.

The two-day EDM event was originally scheduled to take place in June at the NOS Events Center. Earlier this week, Insomniac announced on itsits variousvarious socialsocial mediamedia platformsplatforms thatthat BeyondBeyond WonderlandWonderland hadhad officiallyofficially beenbeen rescheduledrescheduled forfor Aug.Aug. 27-28.27-28. TheThe “Alice“Alice inin Wonderland”Wonderland” themedthemed festivalfestival includesincludes multiplemultiple stagesstages likelike CheshireCheshire Woods,Woods, Caterpillar’sCaterpillar’s Garden,Garden, MadMad Hatter’sHatter’s CastleCastle andand Queen’sQueen’s Domain.Domain.

Since the event has shifted, a full line-up has yet to be announced. The official website promises that it’s “coming soon” and boasts that the event will return bigger and better with themed photo-ops, immersive art installations, pyrotechnics, costumed characters and more.

Sign up for our Festival Pass newsletter.. WhetherWhether youyou areare aa CoachellaCoachella liferlifer oror preferprefer toto watchwatch fromfrom afar,afar, getget weeklyweekly dispatchesdispatches duringduring thethe Southern California music festival season. Subscribe here..

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Presale passes for the event were $189.99-$249.99, but sold out quickly. Fans can sign up for the waitlist for a general on sale at socal.beyondwonderland.com,, butbut andand therethere willwill bebe aa priceprice increase.increase.

During the pandemic, Insomniac shifted to virtual performances and, as things opened back up, eventually launched the Park ‘N Rave drive-in concert series asas wellwell asas Electric Mile, a drive-thru experience in the parking lot of Santa Anita Park that incorporated props, costumed characters and music from several of its festivals includingincluding BeyondBeyond Wonderland,Wonderland, NocturnalNocturnal Wonderland,Wonderland, EDC,EDC, CountdownCountdown andand Escape.Escape.

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Kelli Skye Fadroski | Entertainment Reporter Kelli Skye Fadroski lives for entertainment. She came to The Orange County Register in 2006 after freelancing for numerous regional, national and international music magazines and has covered all things music, stand-up comedy, horror and more. She graduated from Cal State Fullerton in 2006 with a B.A. in Communications Journalism and minored in Political Science. When she’s not out reviewing a concert or interviewing some random famous person, she’s catching up on episodes of "The Walking Dead," out somewhere sampling craft beer, enjoying Taco Tuesday or semi-reluctantly watching "The Bachelor" or "The Bachelorette" with her girlfriends. She’s also a diehard Detroit Lions fan and she's freakishly good at carnival games.

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 Follow Kelli Skye Fadroski @kelliskye

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OBITUARIES 'He believed in people, not politics': Former Adelanto Mayor Charley Glasper dies at 84 Rene Ray De La Cruz Victorville Daily Press Published 5:16 p.m. PT Apr. 28, 2021

Air Force veteran and former Adelanto Mayor Charley B. Glasper, once said, “When I leave this Earth, please know that heaven is where I’m bound, so don’t cry for me.”

The 84-year-old Glasper, who served three terms on the Adelanto City Council, died Friday evening at Victor Valley Global Medical Center in Victorville after going into cardiac arrest at home, according to his wife, Evelyn Malcom-Glasper, who spoke with the Daily Press.

“He was five days away from celebrating his 85th birthday,” she said. “Charley always told me that he wanted to live to be 100 so Willard Scott from ‘The Today Show’ could announce his birthday on TV.”

Glasper, who suffered from dementia and Parkinson’s disease, was recently hospitalized at Providence St. Mary Medical Center in Apple Valley after showing stroke-like symptoms, Malcom-Glasper said.

“They couldn’t find any signs of stroke, and Charley was released from the hospital on Friday,” his wife said. “He was active, full of strength and so lively when we left the hospital.”

Later that day, they picked up food from Cracker Barrel Old Country Store in Victorville. Back at home, they finished dinner and Malcom-Glasper went to get Glasper ice cream.

“I turned around and Charley fell from the dining room table,” she said.

She called 911 and performed CPR on her husband until the paramedics arrived and got a heartbeat. On the way to Victor Valley Global, his heart stopped beating again.

“I was told they worked on Charley for 30 minutes at the hospital but could not revive him,” Malcom-Glasper said. “And just like that, he was gone.” https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/obituaries/2021/04/28/he-believed-people-not-politics-former-adelanto-mayor-charley-glasper-dies-84/4864591001/ 1/5 5/3/2021 'He believed in people, not politics': Former Adelanto Mayor Charley Glasper dies at 84

Malcom-Glasper said she is working with Adelanto City Council member Joy Jeannette to schedule a memorial service for her husband at Adelanto Stadium.

"We're thinking that we could hold a bigger crowd there and not be hampered by COVID-19 restrictions," she said. "It would be nice, too, for everyone to be there."

Serving Adelanto

Glasper was the first and only African American mayor of Adelanto, and the second African American mayor in the Victor Valley, second to Victorville's Jim Busby, records show.

When Glasper first sought election, he drew heavy support from the historically underserved north side of Adelanto and eventually pushed for the construction of low-income apartments near the corner of Bartlett Avenue and Bellflower Street.

In November 2004, Glasper was elected to the Adelanto City Council, During the mid-point of his four-year term, he was appointed mayor pro tem by the council.

Adelanto voters elected Glasper mayor in 2008. He ran for reelection in 2010, falling short to Cari Thomas.

In 2014, Glasper returned to the dais after being elected to another term on the Adelanto City Council. He did not seek reelection in 2018 after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

During his time on the council, Glasper championed the construction of a stoplight at the intersection of Air Expressway and Highway 395 and helped pave the way for the medical cannabis industry.

People, not politics

Councilwoman Jeanette said Glasper was “an amazing man who put his heart and soul into the city,” adding that he “was loved and respected because he believed in people, not politics.”

“Whether it was new parks, road improvements, new businesses or improving housing developments, Charley was there to support it,” said Jeanette, who was reelected in 2020 after winning her seat in 2018 to replace former Adelanto Mayor Pro Tem Jermaine Wright.

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In December 2017, Wright pleaded not guilty to federal attempted arson and bribery charges after he allegedly accepted a $10,000 bribe from an undercover FBI agent who sought favors for the agent’s supposed cannabis transportation business.

Jeanette, who served as a city planning commissioner during Glasper’s final term, said Glasper’s fingerprints can be found throughout Adelanto, from newly paved roads to the city- owned Glasper Center, where nonprofits serve the community.

Former Adelanto spokesperson Michael Stevens described Glasper as a “straight shooter” with a desire to run for office fueled by “love of community” and “not power, prestige or ego.”

“Charley set the standard for how elected officials should act and serve,” Stevens said. “He was never swayed to vote by what people thought of him. He listened to the people and made choices based on the needs of the community and the city.”

Stevens said Glasper was never 100% behind the city’s move to embrace cannabis, but he set his opinions aside and did his research before voting.

With Adelanto on the verge of bankruptcy, Glasper and the City Council in 2015 voted to welcome the industry for cultivation, and later for manufacturing, distribution and testing.

Glasper, who at the time acknowledged shifting his views on medical cannabis, reiterated that the criteria for prospective licensees would be stringent and thought aloud about the cultivation plan’s possible implications.

“If we make a mistake, I hope we leave enough area here where we can come in and make the corrections we need to move forward. Let’s not sit here and bury ourselves on the mistakes we made,” he said. “So what I’m telling you here, the Sheriff’s (Department) is going to do their job, and we’re going to do our job, and hopefully our jobs don’t conflict.”

Glasper served as president of the Victor Valley NAACP in 2009. He also spent 20 years volunteering his time filing tax returns for senior citizens and low-income residents.

Charlie Speelman, the director of missions for the High Desert Baptist Association, said he first met Glasper in the early 1990s when he attended Faith Baptist Church in Victorville, now called The Gate Church of the High Desert.

“Charley was a common-sense guy who was also filled with godly wisdom,” Speelman said. “He was also a man of integrity who walked the straight and narrow.”

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/obituaries/2021/04/28/he-believed-people-not-politics-former-adelanto-mayor-charley-glasper-dies-84/4864591001/ 3/5 5/3/2021 'He believed in people, not politics': Former Adelanto Mayor Charley Glasper dies at 84

Speelman recalled a conversation with Glasper over a controversial subject between people of faith and the secular world.

“Charley told me that no matter what the situation, in the end, God is going to have to take care of it,” Speelman said. "He knew that God always had the last say.”

Serving his country

Born in Venice, Illinois, near the Mississippi River, Glasper grew up in his home state, attending Dunbar Elementary School in Madison and Lincoln High School in East St. Louis.

He served in the U.S. Air Force from Oct. 4, 1955, to Nov. 30, 1983, and achieved the highest enlisted rank of chief master sergeant.

He received numerous military medals and awards, including the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, Meritorious Service Medal and Air Force Commendation Medal.

After leaving an Air Force base in Okinawa, Japan, Glasper was reassigned to the now- shuttered George Air Force Base in Victorville in 1981.

The following year, he settled in Victorville with his first wife, Daisy Mae, who died in 1997. He then moved to Adelanto, where he married Evelyn Malcom in 1999.

Family and career

A retired educator with a master’s degree in curriculum and instruction, Malcom-Glasper served on the Victor Valley Union High School District Board of Trustees.

She also won a seat on the Adelanto Elementary School District Board of Trustees in 2014. After serving two terms, she ran for a seat on the Victor Valley Union High School District Board of Trustees but came up short.

Malcom-Glasper brought over 30 years of teaching experience to her school board positions, including 23 years teaching eighth-grade students in Hesperia.

With a passion for education, Glasper graduated from Park University in Parkville, Missouri in 2004, where he earned his science degree in business management with a 3.36 GPA.

Retired from the military and U.S. Civil Service, Glasper worked as a Federal Civil Service employee with the U.S. Army Airworthiness Flight Test Directorate at Edwards Air Force Base from 1984 to 1996. https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/obituaries/2021/04/28/he-believed-people-not-politics-former-adelanto-mayor-charley-glasper-dies-84/4864591001/ 4/5 5/3/2021 'He believed in people, not politics': Former Adelanto Mayor Charley Glasper dies at 84

At Edwards, he achieved the position of chief of the Supply and Maintenance Division and retired as a Grade WS-17.

In 2019, Glasper and Malcom-Glasper were honored for their decades of public service during a formal ceremony at Adelanto Stadium, the Daily Press reported.

Glasper’s family includes his son, Patrick Bryan Glasper and his late son, Gerald Lance Glasper, who died in 2010.

His stepchildren are Melissa Lorette Malcom, Kevin Ian Malcom, Adria Mystique Malcom and Milton Malcom Jr.

Daily Press reporter Rene Ray De La Cruz may be reached at 760-951-6227 or [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @DP_ReneDeLaCruz.

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/obituaries/2021/04/28/he-believed-people-not-politics-former-adelanto-mayor-charley-glasper-dies-84/4864591001/ 5/5 5/3/2021 Former Hesperia Councilman Jeremiah Brosowske loses court battle

NEWS Ousted Hesperia Councilman Jeremiah Brosowske loses court battle with city Rene Ray De La Cruz Victorville Daily Press Published 6:02 p.m. PT Apr. 29, 2021 Updated 6:26 p.m. PT Apr. 29, 2021

The City of Hesperia has prevailed in a court battle with former District 4 Councilman Jeremiah Brosowske, who sued the municipality after he was ousted by the City Council in September 2019 for alleged non-residency.

Brosowske has always maintained that he resided in Hesperia while running for office and sought to be reinstated. He presented a 200-page document to the council via his attorney that he said offered proof.

However, San Bernardino County Superior Court Judge David Cohn didn’t agree, and this week denied Brosowske’s claim and ruled that he “failed to meet the residency requirement” by not living in the Hesperia District on July 25, 2018, before the city issued him candidate nomination papers.

"We are disappointed in the decision, especially because the court recognized that Mr. Brosowske moved from Apple Valley in May 2018,” Brosowske’s attorney, Chad Morgan, told the Daily Press. “ If that is true, then Mr. Brosowske could only have been a legal resident of Hesperia.” Morgan said he plans to appeal.

“Justice has been served,” said Mayor Cameron Gregg, who added that the council “chose to pursue justice despite it being an uphill battle, but that is exactly the type of resolve that Hesperia residents deserve.”

Bennington vs. Brosowske

Mayor Pro Tem Brigit Bennington, who was appointed in October 2019 to replace Brosowske, said she was “overjoyed” by the court’s decision.

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“I am thankful that the court saw the truth of Jeremiah’s residency,” Bennington said. “Hesperia residents have the right to have a member of their peers represent them, and I am grateful to have the opportunity to continue to represent Hesperia’s interests.”

With 30 years of public service in municipal government and a former City of Hesperia employee, Bennington was bested twice by Brosowske during their pursuit of the District 4 seat.

In July 2018, Bennington came up short after she, Brosowske, and several others applied to fill the vacant seat of Mayor Russ Blewett, who died in May of that year.

After council interviews, Brosowske was appointed to the City Council the same month. At age 27, he was the youngest person to ever serve on the Hesperia Council.

During the November 2018 election, Bennington lost to Brosowske.

Brosowske ousted

In September 2019, the City Council voted 3-2 to vacate Brosowske’s District 4 seat due to alleged non-residency.

“I feel strongly that in order to be fairly and duly elected, you need to be legal, and if you don’t live here, you’re not,” said former mayor pro tem and current Councilman Bill Holland.

Former mayor and current councilman Larry Bird along with then-councilman Gregg, voted to remove Brosowske, while council members Rebekah Swanson and Brosowske, cast dissenting votes.

Morgan’s 200-page document presented to the council included evidence that Brosowske resided in Hesperia such as utility bills and texts from former Councilman Bill Jensen proving that Brosowske lived with him.

Morgan also warned the council that removing Brosowske could lead to a lawsuit.

During that time, a judge denied Morgan’s request to prevent the council from removing Brosowske.

Bird and Holland noted that the lengthy document was delivered to the city after nine months when Brosowske was requested to prove his Hesperia residency.

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In August 2018, Holland requested a discussion and possible vote on vacating Brosowske's seat. He also asked that a special counsel be appointed to investigate his residency during hiscouncil appointment, his election and his current term.

Swanson rebuked the council, telling them they should not spend taxpayer dollars on an investigation by an outside firm but instead have City Attorney Eric Dunn handle the matter.

Supporters and opponents

In September 2018, several people spoke in support of Brosowske, including residents Vanessa Varrio, Guadalupe Leiva, Jules Ramos, and Jennifer Maldonado, who said some people were bitter because they didn't like the election results.

But Jensen, the former councilman, denied living with Brosowske. Calling him a “lying SOB,” Jensen told Brosowske, “I will hunt you down legally until you are removed.”

Jensen said the councilman did not live at his house on “E” Avenue and had several witnesses to back his claim, including his pre-teen son.

Jensen’s son called Brosowske “crooked,” and alleged that the councilman never lived at his house.

Christopher Dustin claimed he helped Brosowske move into Jensen’s home and that Jensen once called Brosowske “his roommate.”

Brosowske did not return a call left by the Daily Presson Thursday.

Daily Press reporter Rene Ray De La Cruz may be reached at 760-951-6227 or [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @DP_ReneDeLaCruz.

https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/2021/04/29/former-hesperia-councilman-jeremiah-brosowske-loses-court-battle/7403939002/ 3/3 4/30/2021 Rep. Ken Calvert sued for blocking constituent on Twitter – Press Enterprise

NEWSPOLITICS •• News Rep. Ken Calvert sued for blocking constituent on Twitter

A lawsuit in federal court accuses Rep. Ken Calvert, R-Corona, seen April 20, 2017, of violating a constituent’s First Amendment rights by blocking him from seeing tweets on the congressman’s official Twitter account. (File photo by Frank Bellino, Contributing Photographer)

By JEFF HORSEMAN || [email protected]@scng.com || TheThe Press-EnterprisePress-Enterprise PUBLISHED: April 30, 2021 at 12:16 p.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: April 30, 2021 at 12:19 p.m.

Rep. Ken Calvert, R-Corona, is accused in a lawsuit of violating a constituentʼs First Amendment rights by blocking him from seeing the congressmanʼs official Twitter account.

Trevor Farragutʼs lawsuit,, filedfiled Wednesday,Wednesday, AprilApril 28,28, inin U.S.U.S. DistrictDistrict CourtCourt inin Washington,Washington, D.C.,D.C., seeksseeks anan injunctioninjunction barringbarring thethe congressman from blocking Farragut or anyone else from seeing Calvertʼs tweets. The lawsuit also asks the court to declare that Calvert, thethe InlandInland EmpireʼsEmpireʼs longest-servinglongest-serving congressman,congressman, violatedviolated thethe Constitution.Constitution.

“Members of Congress donʼt get to pick and choose which comments they listen to and their followers see,” Farragutʼs lawyer, Jason Harrow, said in a news release. “Thatʼs exactly what the First Amendment prohibits, and itʼs astonishing how many politicians think the First Amendment doesnʼt apply to them.”

In an emailed statement, Jason Gagnon, Calvertʼs spokesman, said: “Our office is reviewing the details of the complaint and consulting with the appropriate House offices.”

In 2017, Gagnon said the congressman had a social media policy inin whichwhich commentscomments deemeddeemed toto bebe “unlawful,“unlawful, threatening,threatening, abusive,abusive, libelous,libelous, defamatory,defamatory, obscene,obscene, vulgar,vulgar, pornographic,pornographic, profane,profane, indecentindecent oror otherwiseotherwise objectionableobjectionable toto us”us” areare deleted.deleted. https://www.pe.com/2021/04/30/rep-ken-calvert-sued-for-blocking-constituent-on-twitter/?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm… 1/3 4/30/2021 Rep. Ken Calvert sued for blocking constituent on Twitter – Press Enterprise

“Examples of messages that have resulted in individuals being blocked includes obscene personal attacks and messages indicating they hope the congressman dies from AIDS,” Gagnon said at the time.

According to the lawsuit, Calvert, whose district includes much of western Riverside County, blocked Farragut, who lives in Corona, after Farragut responded to Calvertʼs April 22 tweet about an op-ed piece he wrote for The Washington Times onon thethe needneed toto streamlinestreamline environmental regulations to build infrastructure quicker.

“Oh. Word? So why havenʼt you tried to do anything about it since you were elected in ʻ94? We all know the reason youʼre against it. Because itʼsitʼs goinggoing toto bebe fundedfunded byby increasingincreasing taxestaxes onon thethe rich.rich. NowNow sitsit youryour …… (rear)(rear) downdown andand shutshut up,”up,” FarragutFarragut tweetedtweeted atat Calvert,Calvert, thethe lawsuitlawsuit read.

Calvert blocked Farragut “within 19 minutes or less” and Farragut remained blocked as of April 26, the lawsuit alleges. According to the lawsuit,lawsuit, FarragutFarragut respondedresponded byby postingposting aa screenshotscreenshot showingshowing heʼdheʼd beenbeen blockedblocked withwith thethe tweet:tweet: “Buwuahaha.“Buwuahaha. KennyKenny boyboy blockedblocked me.me. Didnʼt the courts rule that illegal?”

The suit alleges that Calvert has illegally blocked others on Twitter, including someone who referenced a 1993 incident in which Corona police found Calvert in a car with a prostitute. Calvert was not charged with a crime.

While public officials can censor “true threats,” “fighting words,” obscenity, libelous comments and unlawful speech such as child pornography, they “may not constitutionally censor speech that is ʻabusive, profane, or vulgarʼ by the officialʼs standards,” Farragutʼs lawsuit read.

“And they clearly do not have the right to censor speech that is ʻotherwise objectionable toʼ the public officials. Indeed, reserving the right toto censorcensor onon thatthat basisbasis isis thethe primaryprimary evilevil thatthat publicpublic forumforum doctrinedoctrine isis meantmeant toto prevent.”prevent.”

The ability of elected leaders to block people on social media has been the focus of a number of lawsuits thatthat pitpit freedomfreedom ofof speechspeech againstagainst thethe desiredesire toto stopstop onlineonline harassment.harassment.

Former President Donald Trump was sued for blocking Twitter users, and in March, Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Georgia, agreed not to block people on social media andand paypay $10,000$10,000 inin attorneyʼsattorneyʼs feesfees toto settlesettle aa lawsuitlawsuit afterafter sheshe blockedblocked anan anti-Trumpanti-Trump politicalpolitical actionaction committee on Twitter.

In November 2019, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-New York, apologized for blocking a former Brooklyn assemblyman on Twitter asas part of a lawsuit settlement. Ocasio-Cortez and Greene have said theyʼre subjected to threats and harassment through social media.

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Jeff Horseman | Reporter Je Horseman grew up in Vermont and honed his interviewing skills as a supermarket cashier by asking Bernie Sanders “Paper or plastic?” Aer graduating from Syracuse University in 1999, Je began his journalistic odyssey at The Watertown Daily Times in upstate New York, where he impressed then-U.S. Senate candidate Hillary Clinton so much she called him “John” at the end of an interview. From there, he went to Annapolis, Maryland, where he covered city, county and state government at The Capital newspaper before love and the quest for snowless winters took him in 2007 to Southern California, where he started out covering Temecula for The Press-Enterprise. Today, Je writes about Riverside County government and regional politics. Along the way, Je has covered wildres, a tropical storm, 9/11 and the Dec. 2 terror attack in San Bernardino. If you have a question or story idea about politics or the inner workings of government, please let Je know.

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SPONSORED CONTENT 9 Strange Things Millionaires Do With Their Money, But Most of Us Have Never Tried  By The Penny Hoarder https://www.pe.com/2021/04/30/rep-ken-calvert-sued-for-blocking-constituent-on-twitter/?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm… 2/3 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times

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ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 1/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times ESPN’s Kevin Merida has been named L.A. Times executive editor. (Washington Post)

By MEG JAMES | STAFF WRITER

MAY 3, 2021 8:45 AM PT

The Los Angeles Times has named veteran journalist Kevin Merida as its top editor and tasked him with transforming the storied 139-year-old newspaper into a digital powerhouse that thrives for decades to come.

Monday’s announcement by the paper’s owners, Dr. Patrick and Michele Soon-Shiong, caps a five-month search for an executive editor to lead the roughly 500-person newsroom and accelerate its digital shift as readers increasingly get news on their phones and social media feeds instead of a newspaper tossed in the driveway.

Since 2015, Merida has been editor in chief of the Undefeated, the award-winning ESPN division that plumbs the intersection of race, culture and sports. During his tenure at ESPN, Merida also oversaw the sports behemoth’s investigative/news enterprise unit, the TV shows “E:60” and “Outside the Lines,” and was chairman of ESPN’s Editorial Board.

Merida also spent three decades in traditional newsrooms, including 22 years at the Washington Post, where he rose to managing editor in charge of news, features and the universal news desk. He was deeply involved in the Post’s online push that led to sustained subscriber growth, gaining insights that could prove valuable to his success at The Times.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 2/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times

“I’m thrilled to be joining the Los Angeles Times. I’m going to do everything I can to make this the greatest media outlet for the people of California, of L.A. — and beyond,” Merida said in an interview. “I see nothing but opportunity. I think this can be the most innovative media company in the country.”

Merida, who is Black, becomes the 19th editor since The Times sprung to life in December 1881. He will take the helm of the newsroom in June, becoming the third person of color to steer the largest news organization in the West.

His hiring reaffirms the Soon-Shiong family’s commitment to the paper they purchased, along with the San Diego Union-Tribune, for $500 million from Chicago-based Tribune Publishing in June 2018. The Soon-Shiong family has since invested hundreds of millions of dollars more to replenish the newsroom’s withered ranks, build a campus in El Segundo, upgrade the paper’s technology and cover financial losses that deepened last year when coronavirus shutdowns prompted a steep drop in advertising revenue.

Merida, 64, succeeds Norman Pearlstine, who stepped down in December, telling staff that he had achieved his goal of putting “a team in place that could assure The Times’ revival.” Pearlstine, 78, arrived in 2018 when the Soon-Shiong family returned the paper to local control. During his tenure, The Times embarked on an unprecedented hiring spree, won three Pulitzer Prizes and implemented the newsroom’s first union contract. The paper also experienced a painful self-examination last summer of its historic failings in its treatment of people of color in its news pages and within the organization itself.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 3/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times Merida quickly emerged as front-runner for the job because of his reputation as a thoughtful journalist with a rare combination of experience at legacy print publications, television and running a digital upstart. He is widely respected among colleagues and in the news industry.

“His mandate will be to maintain the highest level of journalistic strength and find ways to grab the attention of our community … not just Los Angelenos but also readers in the western region and hopefully even the nation,” Dr. Soon-Shiong said in an interview.

“And most importantly, his job is to move us into the digital arena,” Soon-Shiong said. “We want this paper to grow and be around for another 139 years.”

With Merida’s hiring, Soon-Shiong took a step toward delivering on a promise to readers last fall to increase newsroom diversity, which the biotech entrepreneur called “mission-critical for our business.”

“Only a diverse newsroom can accurately tell this city’s stories,” Soon-Shiong wrote in his September letter, noting that a more inclusive newsroom was integral to providing stronger coverage of “Black, Latino, Asian and underrepresented communities.”

Because of the pandemic, the Soon-Shiong family didn’t meet in person with Merida, who lives in Silver Spring, Md., just outside Washington, D.C. Instead, Soon-Shiong, his https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 4/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times wife, Michele, and their daughter Nika conducted interviews with Merida via videoconference.

“There was an immediate chemistry,” Michele Soon-Shiong said. “We all felt it. The man possessed a confidence -- it was a quiet confidence -- and he was deeply thoughtful and, in his questions, he was intellectually curious. … He had all of the qualities that we were looking for.”

Michele Soon-Shiong said she also opened a dialogue with Merida’s wife, Donna Britt, an author and award-winning columnist. They spoke on videoconference and by phone. “It was delightful to get to know both of them,” Mrs. Soon-Shiong said, adding that she shared her vision for The Times’ Test Kitchen, which is under construction, and a planned gallery to showcase the paper’s rich history and artifacts.

“We were all in sync,” she said.

Dr. Soon-Shiong added: “I’m grateful for the expertise that he will bring, and also for the opportunity to build great partnerships with the outside community, similar to what he has done at ESPN.”

Merida and his wife plan to relocate to Los Angeles in the coming months, along with their youngest son, Skye Merida, host and producer of the podcast “No Capes https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 5/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times Required,” about comic book heroes. Their two older sons live in Los Angeles: screenwriter Justin Britt-Gibson (“The Strain,” “Counterpart”) and actor Darrell Britt- Gibson (“Judas and the Black Messiah,” “Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri”). They also have a grandson who will soon turn 3.

Merida will be tasked with overseeing the traditional production of journalism that readers find essential, and help widen the aperture to include video, podcasts, community events, including the annual Festival of Books, the LA Food Bowl and other lifestyle companions, such as a recent Southern California hiking guide.

The Times has struggled to make the transition to digital media, hobbled by years of management turmoil, layoffs and underinvestment when it was owned by Tribune Publishing, which called itself Tronc for a couple of years.

The Soon-Shiongs invested heavily in rebuilding The Times. Then, last spring, tens of millions in anticipated advertising revenue evaporated when the government ordered businesses to shut down to limit the spread of COVID-19. Many of the paper’s advertising partners, some facing economic ruin, pulled back their ad buys. Although the revenue picture has improved in recent months, and in March The Times received a $10-million loan as part of the federal Paycheck Protection Program, the paper still loses money.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 6/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times Last year’s financial volatility sharpened the company’s focus on attracting -- and retaining -- digital subscribers to become less reliant on a shrinking pool of print subscribers and advertisers. The paper has 327,250 Sunday print subscribers.

The Times now averages 45 million unique visitors monthly to its digital site, and it has more than doubled its online subscribers in the last two years. But the paper has fallen well short of the ambitious goals for digital customers set by Soon-Shiong, who would like to see the organization draw as many as 3 million subscribers.

The Times has nearly 400,000 digital-only subscribers, which includes those who subscribe through Apple News+, the Cupertino tech giant’s paid subscription news service. It lags far behind major East Coast papers: the New York Times boasts more than 6 million digital subscribers and the Washington Post has nearly 3 million.

Such challenges were part of the allure of the job, Merida said.

“I was motivated by the challenge and by a little bit of that underdog spirit,” Merida said. “Also the commitment that Patrick and Michele, and their daughter Nika, have [to the paper] and their commitment to the area. Their story — growing up and living in South Africa and seeing all of the challenges of that country — and that they want an institution that is a reflection of the community.”

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 7/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times Long before Merida joined the Undefeated, he had spent decades analyzing how race shapes identities and perceptions — issues of critical importance to The Times and the nation.

While at the Post, Merida was coordinating editor of an ambitious yearlong series of essays in 2006 that won a prestigious Peabody Award. Merida adapted those essays into the anthology book “Being a Black Man: At the Corner of Progress and Peril,” which was published the following year.

He has co-authored two other books: “Supreme Discomfort: The Divided Soul of Clarence Thomas,” with his colleague Michael Fletcher in 2007; and “Obama: The Historic Campaign in Photographs,” with noted photo historian Deborah Willis in 2008.

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Born in Wichita, Kan., Merida grew up just outside Washington, D.C. His father, Jesse Merida, relocated to the East Coast in the early ‘60s to pursue a career in geology, which led him to a position at the Museum of Natural History.

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Merida said he grew up reading columns in the Washington Post by legendary sportswriter Shirley Povich (father of TV personality Maury Povich). Merida said that, as a teenager, he didn’t know much about journalism but was intrigued by Povich’s voice and columns that went beyond the scores and struck at the conscience of sports.

In 1973, Merida was among the first class of about 32,000 students who were bused from their neighborhoods in Prince George County, Maryland, in an effort to integrate the public schools. He recounted his conflicting emotions about his experience in an essay for the Post titled “Where That Bus Ride Took Me.”

Merida’s father died shortly before he graduated from high school. His mother, Doris, held the family together.

“My Mom is central,” Merida said, noting that she worked at the National Science Foundation, remarried, earned a degree in journalism mid-career from George Washington University and eventually served as NSF’s Freedom of Information officer. It was Doris Hill who encouraged her son to leave home for college.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 9/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times

He went to Boston University, became the editor of the Black student newspaper and graduated with a journalism degree in 1979. He turned down an internship that summer at his hometown paper, the Post, to attend the Maynard Institute program for minority journalists at UC Berkeley, which he described as an incredibly valuable experience.

Merida launched his full-time reporting career later that year at an afternoon paper, the Milwaukee Journal. In 1983, he joined the Dallas Morning News and eventually became a White House correspondent during the George H.W. Bush administration. He returned to Dallas to be an editor before returning home to Washington.

In 1993, he joined the Post as a national political writer covering Congress amid the so- called Gingrich Revolution. He then shifted gears and began writing long-form features for the Style section, and later the Post magazine. His wife (a former West Coast bureau chief for USA Today based in L.A.) also worked at the Post; she had a popular syndicated column.

Merida said he has a deep love of writing, but throughout his career, he has found himself drawn into management.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 10/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times In 2001, he became the Post’s associate editor and its national editor in 2009. He led the paper’s coverage of the 2012 presidential campaign, the killing of Osama bin Laden, mass shootings and the battle over healthcare.

He was promoted to managing editor in 2013, becoming the first -Black American in that high-level position. He oversaw much of the paper, including national, foreign, metro, investigations, business, sports, travel and food. While serving as managing editor, he helped lead the Post to four Pulitzer Prizes.

After being part of the team that retooled the paper’s digital platforms under billionaire owner Jeff Bezos, Merida decamped to Walt Disney Co. in November 2015. He acknowledged that he wrestled with leaving the Post for an uncertain future but said he has no regrets.

“I decided to disrupt myself,” Merida said. “I thought it would be interesting to try an entrepreneurial experiment and an entrepreneurial state of mind.”

Many of the skills he sharpened at ESPN made him the top candidate for his new job.

Before he arrived at ESPN, as a senior vice president, the Undefeated project was in disarray. Six months later, in May 2016, the platform launched. In his inaugural column, Merida told readers the new venture would cover difficult topics of race with https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 11/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times the same fearlessness that he so admired in his late father. Sixty years ago in Kansas, his father -- a college graduate -- took odd jobs, including as a janitor, while he kept applying for jobs in the field of geology.

Under his leadership, the Undefeated expanded across Disney with a portfolio that includes award-winning journalism, documentaries, two bestselling children’s books, TV specials, digital talk shows, music videos, albums and live events.

Merida’s team at the Undefeated is small — it has a staff of about 40 — but its writers have produced notable work. “The Undefeated,” written by Kwame Alexander and illustrated by Kadir Nelson, based on a poem originally published on the site last year, won the Caldecott Medal as the top picture book for kids.

Senior writer Jesse Washington’s story last year about Penn State men’s basketball coach Pat Chambers’ comment about “a noose’’ prompted an investigation by the university that led to the coach’s resignation.

Last month, the Undefeated scored three Emmy nominations, including two for the documentary “The Undefeated Presents: The Stop — Living, Driving and Dying While Black.”

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 12/21 5/3/2021 ESPN’s Kevin Merida named L.A. Times executive editor - Los Angeles Times Merida said he was grateful for his experience at ESPN, where he learned new skills, including how to build a business and immerse himself in aspects of the business to which traditional journalists aren’t always accustomed, such as marketing, audience demographics and customer relationships.

In 2000, he was named journalist of the year by the National Assn. of Black Journalists. He received the Missouri Honor Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism in 2018 and NABJ’s Chuck Stone Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020. He serves on the Pulitzer Prize Board, Boston University Board of Trustees and the Kaiser Family Foundation Board of Trustees.

While it is bittersweet to leave the Undefeated, Merida said the experience there whetted his appetite for this new challenge.

“We literally built a startup from the ground up inside a big company,” Merida said. “What we did there, in a lot of ways, made me want to come to the L.A. Times to transfer what I have learned and some of what we have done in the last five years — but to do it at what’s commonly called a newspaper: a big institutional place that’s been around for 139 years.”

“Broadening how we define a newspaper, which is important to me, is where I see a lot of opportunity,” Merida said. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-05-03/kevin-merida-latimes-executive-editor-espn-undefeated 13/21 5/3/2021 Son arrested after father found stabbed to death at San Bernardino home – San Bernardino Sun ___

NEWSCRIME AND PUBLIC SAFETY •• News Son arrested after father found stabbed to death at San Bernardino home

By BRIAN ROKOS || [email protected] || TheThe Press-EnterprisePress-Enterprise PUBLISHED: May 1, 2021 at 11:24 a.m. || UPDATED:UPDATED: May 1, 2021 at 11:25 a.m.

A man who provided care for his father at their San Bernardino home was arrested on suspicion of murder on Friday, April 30, after the father was found dead, the Police Department said.

Tarik Hanif Warren, 39, is being held without bail at West Valley Detention Center inin RanchoRancho Cucamonga.Cucamonga.

San Bernardino police say that on Thursday night, Warren and Stanley Warren, 73, got into an argument at their home in the 2500 block of N. Mercedes Ave.

“The suspect became angry with the victim and stabbed him multiple times. The victim did not survive the attack and was found deceased the following day,” a police news release said.

Tarik Warren was found at the house and was arrested.

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https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/01/son-arrested-after-father-found-stabbed-to-death-at-san-bernardino-home/ 1/3 4/30/2021 Teen arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after Victor Valley High School student shot near campus

CRIME Teen arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after Victor Valley High School student shot near campus Martin Estacio Victorville Daily Press Published 2:45 p.m. PT Apr. 30, 2021 Updated 4:13 p.m. PT Apr. 30, 2021

Authorities arrested a teenager on suspicion of attempted murder after they said he fired multiple shots with a handgun, striking a Victor Valley High School student in an incident that led to a lockdown of the campus on Thursday.

The teen and suspected shooter was only identified as a 17-year-old boy from Victorville who does not attend the high school.

He was booked into the San Bernardino County Juvenile Detention Center also on suspicion of threatening crime with intent to terrorize, being a minor in possession of a concealed weapon and discharging a firearm in a school zone, the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department said.

The 18-year-old student, who was hit in his foot by gunfire, was taken to a local hospital and later released and is expected to recover, authorities said.

Deputies responded at 12:06 p.m. to VVHS for reports of shots fired. Sheriff’s officials said deputies arrived four minutes later and “began working with school officials to secure the campus and locate any victims and suspects.”

VVHS and other school facilities were placed on lockdown at 12:11 p.m., Victor Valley Union High School District spokesperson Kris Reilly previously said.

Deputies said they learned the shooting happened after a group of males became “engaged in a verbal argument in a parking lot of the school.”

The group reportedly left the lot through a back gate and gathered on Fresno Street — a road with a cul-de-sac that borders the VVHS campus — where the argument turned into a fight.

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“During the fight, the suspect retrieved a handgun he had in his possession and fired three shots towards the others,” the sheriff’s department said. “An 18-year-old male was struck in the foot by one of the rounds and the suspect fled the scene.”

Another VVHS student, a 16-year-old male, suffered minor injuries from the fight and was treated at the scene.

While deputies “conducted a complete sweep of the school campus” for safety, other officers — including members of the Victorville Sheriff’s Station’s gang team — worked to determine the identity of the suspect, authorities said.

Sheriff’s officials said they “quickly identified” the 17 year old, arresting him at a home in the 15700 block of Inyo Street, a block of residences located north of VVHS.

School officials lifted the lockdown at 12:35 p.m.

Anyone with information about this investigation is asked by the sheriff's department to contact Deputy S. Ramirez at the Victorville Sheriff’s Station at 760-241-2911 or Sheriff’s Dispatch at 760-956-5001.

Callers wishing to remain anonymous can call the We-Tip Hotline at 1-800-78CRIME (27463) or leave information at www.wetip.com.

Daily Press reporter Martin Estacio may be reached at 760-955-5358 or [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @DP_mestacio.

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