MOSAIC an on-chip ultra-wideband multi beam spectrometer for the LMT MOSAIC/Deshima team

Jochem Baselmans Yoichi Tamura Akira Endo Akio Taniguchi Kenichi Karatsu Koyo Suzuki Soh Ikarashi Tetsutaro Ueda Nuria Llombart Tom Bakx David Thoen Alejandro Pascual Laguna Shahab Dabironezare Sebastian Haenle Andrea Neto Kotaro Kohno Stefan Verheul Tatsuya Takekoshi Delia Zhang Tsuyoshi Ishida Kevin Kouwenhoven Yuki Yoshimura

Jochem Baselmans Masato Naruse Juan Bueno Vignesh Muregesan Stephen Yates Robert Huiting Pieter de Visser Ryohei Kawabe Martin Grim Tai Oshima Lorenza Ferrari Takashi Tsukagoshi Shun Ishii Kahwuy

Paul van der Werf Junya Suzuki Ultra-wideband spectroscopy: On-Chip spectrometer

Lossless F< 1.1 THz Ultra-wideband spectroscopy: On-Chip spectrometer a b Ultra-wideband spectroscopy: On-Chip spectrometer Filter a in b aaa Al strip Readout signalbb a Filter bb FilterFilter in a MKID AlFilter strip in Readout signaloutb Filter inin Readout signal AlAlAl strip stripstrip in ReadoutReadout signal signal aNbTiN ground plane Al stripMKIDFilter Readout signalbout a NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKID in outoutout a a MKIDAl strip Readout signaloutbb NbTiNNbTiNNbTiN ground groundground plane planeplaneFilterMKID NbTiN ground planeFilter MKIDin out antenna antennaAl stripFilterFilter Readout signal NbTiN ground plane inin in lossylossy termination termination antennaantennaantennaAl stripAl strip ReadoutReadoutReadout signal signal signal lossy termination antennaAlMKID strip out lossylossywideband termination termination MKIDs (x3) antenna outout lossylossywideband termination terminationwideband MKIDs (x3) MKIDs (x3) NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKIDMKID out widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN groundNbTiN plane ground plane widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN ground plane filter channels (x49) antenna filter channels (x49) antenna lossylossyfilter filtertermination termination channels channels (x49) (x49) antennaantenna lossyfilterfilter termination channelschannelsfilter channels(x49) (x49) (x49) widebandwidebandwidebandlossy termination MKIDs MKIDsMKIDs (x3) (x3)(x3) widebandwideband MKIDsMKIDs (x3)(x3) widebandwidebandwidebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) (x3) (x3) THz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate THzTHz signalsignal filterfilter channelschannels (x49) (x49) THz signal sapphirewideband substrate MKIDs (x3) SiSiSi lenslet lensletSilenslet lenslet THz signal filtersapphiresapphiresapphire channels substrate substrate substrate (x49) Si lenslet THz signal sapphirefilter channels substrate (x49) THz signal wideband MKIDs (x3) THzTHzTHz signal signalsignalTHz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) THz signal Si lenslet THz signalwidebandwideband MKIDssapphire MKIDs (x3) (x3) substrate Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate sapphire substrate Si lenslet THz signal THz signal Si lenslet THzTHz signal signal sapphiresapphire substrate substrate Si lenslet THz signal THzTHz signal signal a b Ultra-wideband spectroscopy: On-Chip spectrometer Filter a in b aaa Al strip Readout signalbb a Filter bb FilterFilter in a MKID AlFilter strip in Readout signaloutb Filter inin Readout signal AlAlAl strip stripstrip in ReadoutReadout signal signal aNbTiN ground plane Al stripMKIDFilter Readout signalbout a NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKID in outoutout a a MKIDAl strip Readout signaloutbb NbTiNNbTiNNbTiN ground groundground plane planeplaneFilterMKID NbTiN ground planeFilter MKIDin out antenna antennaAl stripFilterFilter Readout signal NbTiN ground plane inin in lossylossy termination termination antennaantennaantennaAl stripAl strip ReadoutReadoutReadout signal signal signal lossy termination antennaAlMKID strip out lossylossywideband termination termination MKIDs (x3) antenna outout lossylossywideband termination terminationwideband MKIDs (x3) MKIDs (x3) NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKIDMKID out widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN groundNbTiN plane ground plane widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN ground plane filter channels (x49) antenna filter channels (x49) antenna lossylossyfilter filtertermination termination channels channels (x49) (x49) antennaantenna lossyfilterfilter termination channelschannelsfilter channels(x49) (x49) (x49) widebandwidebandwidebandlossy termination MKIDs MKIDsMKIDs (x3) (x3)(x3) widebandwideband MKIDsMKIDs (x3)(x3) widebandwidebandwidebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) (x3) (x3) THz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate THzTHz signalsignal filterfilter channelschannels (x49) (x49) THz signal sapphirewideband substrate MKIDs (x3) SiSiSi lenslet lensletSilenslet lenslet THz signal filtersapphiresapphiresapphire channels substrate substrate substrate (x49) Si lenslet THz signal sapphirefilter channels substrate (x49) THz signal wideband MKIDs (x3) THzTHzTHz signal signalsignalTHz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) THz signal Si lenslet THz signalwidebandwideband MKIDssapphire MKIDs (x3) (x3) substrate Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate sapphire substrate Si lenslet THz signal THz signal Si lenslet THzTHz signal signal sapphiresapphire substrate substrate Si lenslet THz signal THzTHz signal signal a Ultra-wideband spectroscopy: On-Chip spectrometer b Filter 185 - 360 GHz,a R = 500 Spectrometer in b • 350 adetectorsaa Al strip Readout signalbb • 300a MHz readout bandwidth Filter bb • sensitivity ≳ heterodyne FilterFilter in a MKID AlFilter strip in Readout signaloutb Filter inin Readout signal AlAlAl strip stripstrip in ReadoutReadout signal signal aNbTiN ground plane Al stripMKIDFilter Readout signalbout a NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKID in outoutout a a MKIDAl strip Readout signaloutbb NbTiNNbTiNNbTiN ground groundground plane planeplaneFilterMKID NbTiN ground planeFilter MKIDin out antenna antennaAl stripFilterFilter Readout signal NbTiN ground plane inin in lossylossy termination termination antennaantennaantennaAl stripAl strip ReadoutReadoutReadout signal signal signal lossy termination antennaAlMKID strip out lossylossywideband termination termination MKIDs (x3) antenna outout lossylossywideband termination terminationwideband MKIDs (x3) MKIDs (x3) NbTiN ground planeMKIDMKIDMKID out widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN groundNbTiN plane ground plane widebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) NbTiN ground plane filter channels (x49) antenna filter channels (x49) antenna lossylossyfilter filtertermination termination channels channels (x49) (x49) antennaantenna lossyfilterfilter termination channelschannelsfilter channels(x49) (x49) (x49) widebandwidebandwidebandlossy termination MKIDs MKIDsMKIDs (x3) (x3)(x3) widebandwideband MKIDsMKIDs (x3)(x3) widebandwidebandwidebandwideband MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs MKIDs (x3) (x3) (x3) (x3) THz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate THzTHz signalsignal filterfilter channelschannels (x49) (x49) THz signal sapphirewideband substrate MKIDs (x3) SiSiSi lenslet lensletSilenslet lenslet THz signal filtersapphiresapphiresapphire channels substrate substrate substrate (x49) Si lenslet THz signal sapphirefilter channels substrate (x49) THz signal wideband MKIDs (x3) THzTHzTHz signal signalsignalTHz signalwideband MKIDs (x3) THz signal Si lenslet THz signalwidebandwideband MKIDssapphire MKIDs (x3) (x3) substrate Si lenslet THz signal sapphire substrate sapphire substrate Si lenslet THz signal THz signal Si lenslet THzTHz signal signal sapphiresapphire substrate substrate Si lenslet THz signal THzTHz signal signal End 2017 First light of

on ASTE on-chip filterbank spectrometer for submillimeter wave astronomy

Akira Endo (TU Delft)

Kenichi Karatsu, Robert Huiting, Behnam Mirzaei, Alejandro Pascual Laguna, Stephen Yates, Vignesh Murugesan, Jochem Baselmans (SRON) David Thoen, Sjoerd Bosma, Nuria Llombart, Teun Klapwijk (TU Delft) Kaui Chin, Akio Taniguchi, Tatsuya Takekoshi, Kotaro Kohno (Univ. ) Takashi Tsukagoshi, Shun Ishii, Jun Maekawa, Ryohei Kawabe, Tai Oshima, Toshihiko Kobiki, Shin’ichiro Asayama (NAOJ) Koyo Suzuki, Tetsutaro Ueda, Yoichi Tamura ( Univ.) Masato Naruse ( Univ) Kazuyuki Fujita, Akira Kouchi (Hokkaido Univ) Shunichi Nakatsubo (ISAS/JAXA) Paul van der Werf (Leiden Univ.) DESHIMA Cryostat: Thermal filtering & Baffling

Vespel tower

Magnetic 120 mK detector housing Shields On-chip filterbank Frequency Response

Source

window beam splitter Detection of Methanol Emission Spectrum

gas cell a window b

Filter l-N2 in Al strip Readout signal MKID out NbTiN ground plane a b antenna Cryostat lossy termination PM wideband MKIDs (x3) Gas cell

CH OH filter 3channels (x49)

PM

widebandLPF MKIDs (x3)

4 K THz signal WG Si lenslet 120 mK sapphireLPF substrate BPF THz signal Tcold

spectrometer chip 40GHz in single shot Detected in a 2 GHz band DESHIMA on ASTE system DESHIMA Local Controller growing galaxy

Remote control 1010 yr from Base Camp or

ASTE telescope Readout Electronics

4-6 GHz readout signal ASTE RX cabin

Cabin Optics Cryostat Cryostat & Optics Showcase: First Astronomical Spectra taken with DESHIMA Orion Nebula (continuum map) NGC253 (CO(3-2) map)

12CO(3-2) 12CO(3-2)

HCO+

HCN?

40GHz in single shot 40GHz in single shot

Various papers in (final) preparation MOSAIC an ultra-wideband multi beam spectrometer for the LMT • 5x5 = 25 spaxel imaging spectrometer • Frequency range: 185 - 365 GHz • ALMA Bands 5,6,7 • 350 spectral channels (detectors) per spatial pixel • Resolution: R = 500 (~ 600 km/sec) • 8750 Detectors • 4 backends • 2-4 GHz bandwidth each

AzTEC RSR B4R SEQUIOA

C. M. Casey et al. 2013 Astro-ph, 1302.2619 MOSAIC: Estimated single pixel sensitivity

Equivalent Tn Each pixel • Trec ~ 50-100 K • min. det. Flux < 10-20 W/m2 • 5σ, 8 hours, 40% on-source => allows huge discovery space

Min. Det 5σ flux in 8 hours (40% duty cycle) 2mm PWV

Expected S/NSNR for L FIReach ~ 5x10 line12 forLsun ,8MOSAIC hours total on LMT version 2 for 180-365 GHz coverage

S/N=5 MKIDs

Superconducting microwave resonance circuit • Capable of coupling to radiation

Day et al., Nature 425 817 (2002) MKIDs

Superconducting microwave resonance circuit • Capable of coupling to radiation

Resonance changes upon radiation absorption can be read out with 1 CW GHz tone

Dark Light GHz FDM Readout

KIDs - high Q - small BW ~ 3000 KIDs per readout channel SRON in-house system

Readout tones MKID + readout system sensitivity

MOSAIC Broad band Antenna

New concept: Leaky-wave antenna

Si lens

Simulated performance full optics

gap feed on membrane Broad band Antenna

Experimental validation • 1:3 bandwidth • efficiency as predicted

20 mm Broad band Antenna

Experimental validation • x 3 bandwidth • efficiency as predicted • Lens - antenna patterns are good and follow simulations MOSAIC Large Japanese - Dutch team • Building upon Herschel - HIFI, ALMA and Deshima heritage

Proposing ~25 pixel imaging spectrometer for the LMT • 185-365 GHz, R = 500, (part) steerable • synergetic with existing mm-wave spectroscopic LMT instruments and Deshima @ ASTE