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Human Courtship Behaviour.Pdf The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies Edited by Anne E. Rasa, Christian Vogel and Eckart Voland u�[E ��(G�dD Evolution occurs by natural selection, and since natural selection operates through differential reproduction, reproduction is the key phenomenon of evolution. Hence alI organisms compete for reproductive success, as a means of maximizing inclusive fitness. However, there are many examples of social animals adopting altruistic behaviour, postponing or even foregoing their (8)���d�w own reproduction while helping others of the same species to raise their offspring. There are therefore many varied facets to the sociobiology of sex and reproduction, and to the strategies adopted to maximize inclusive fitness in this way. This book presents a wide range of studies of these issues in humans �� ��)X[UJ���� and animals. The book is divided into two parts. The first is concerned with animal populations, drawing on examples from terrestrial isopods, geese, mongooses and several primate species. The second is concerned with human populations, with some thematic chapters on topics such as human courtship [ffi0 (0)[UJ �u� \Vl � behaviour and birth spacing, and in other chapters on specific sexual and [ffi� [P) reproductive tactics. As a result, the book should attract a wide readership of biologists, particularly those concerned with the relationship between animal behaviour, genetics, ecology and evolution, as welI as anthropologists. �u[ffi�u����� Anne E. Rasa is Professor of Zoology, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Christian Vogel is Professor of Anthropology and Eckart Voland Assistant Professor of Anthropology, both at the University of Gottingen, West Germany. Also available Primate Behaviour and Social Ecology Hilary O. Box Hardback (0 412 23220 0), 294 pages Social Behaviour in Fluctuating Populations Andrew Cockburn Hardback (0 7099 3426 2), 252 pages Primate Social Systems Robin Dunbar Hardback (0 7099 0887 3) and paperback (0 7099 0888 I), 380 pages Animal Conflict Felicity Huntingford and Angela Turner Hardback (0 412 25920 6) and paperback (0 412 28750 1), 464 pages Edited by Anne E. Rasa, ISBN 0-412-33780-0 Christian Vogel, Chapman and Hall 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Eckart Voland 29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001 I I I 9 780412337802 S Chapman and Hall First published in 1989 by Chapman and Hall Ltd 11 New FetterLane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Chapman and Hall 29 We st35th Street, New York NY 10001 © 1989 Anne E. Rasa, Christian Vo gel and Eckart Vo land Contents Typ eset in 1 0/12pt Plantin Light by Leaper & Gard Ltd, Bristol Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge Contributors vii Preface IX ISBN 0 412 33780 0 Introduction: on sexual and reproductive strategies All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted Christian Vogel XI or reproduced, or utilized in any fo rm or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or PART ONE hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval .. system, without permission in writing fr om the publisher. Eco-ethological aspects of sexuality and reproduction in animal populations British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1 The evolution of sex: DNA repair hypothesis The Sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies 1. Organisms. Reproduction Hams Bernstein, Frederic A. Hop! and Richard E. Michod 3 1. Rasa, Anne, 1940- II. Vogel, Christian, 1933 III. Voland, Eckart, 1949- 574.1'6 2 Sex-specific reproductive patterns in some terrestrial isopods K.Eduard Linsenmair 19 ISBN 0 412 33780 0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 3 Mate guarding in geese: awaiting female receptivity, The Sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies/edited by protection of paternity or support of female feeding? Anne E. Rasa, Christian Vogel, and Eckart Voland. Jilrg Lamprecht p. cm. ., 48 Based in part on a meetmg held Jan. 1986 m Gottmgen (FRG) and sponsored by the European Sociobiological Society. 4 Helping in dwarf mongoose societies: an alternative Includes bibliographies and index. reproductive strategy ISBN 0-412-33780-0 1. Sexual behaviour in animals-Congresses. 2. Sex. AnneE. Rasa 61 3. Social behavior in animals-Congresses. 4. Interpersonal relations-Congresses. 5. Sociobiology- Congresses. 6. Reproduction-Congresses. 1. Rasa, 5 Reproductive strategies of female gelada baboons Anne, 1940- . II. Vogel, Christian, 1933- . III. Robin I.M. Dunbar Voland, Eckart, 1949- . IV. European Sociobiological 74 Society. [DNLM: 1. Reproduction-congresses. 2. Sex 6 Reproductive strategies of subadult Barbary macaque males Behavior-congresses. 3. Sex BehavIOr, Ammal- congresses. 4. Social Behavior-congresses. HQ 21 at Affenberg Salem S6795 1986] JuttaKuester and Andreas Paul QL761.S6 1989 93 591.56-dc1 9 DNLMIDLC for Library of Congress 88-38328 Clr THE SOCIOBIOLOGY OF SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES Edited by ANNEE.RASA Department of Zoology, University of Pretoria CHRISTIAN VOGEL and ECKART VOLAND Institute for Anthropology, University of Gottingen LONDON NEW YORK Chapman and Hall + Human male-female differences in sexual desire ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER NINE We thank David Abbott, Christine Hulihan and Lars Pemer for their assist­ ance with quantitative and statistical matters and D.E. Brown and Kelly Hardesty-Ellis for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this chapter. Human courtship behaviour: REFERENCES Buss, D.M. and Barnes, M. (1986) Preferences in human mate selection. J. Pers. Soc. biological basis and cognitive Psych., 50, 559-70. Carroll, J.c., Yolk, KD. and Hyde, J.S. (1985) Differences in motives fo r engaging in processing sexual intercourse. Arch. Sex. Behav., 14, 131-9. Deaux, K and Hanna, R. (1984) Courtship in the personals column: the influence of gender and sexual orientation. Sex Roles, 11, 363-75. Karl Grammer Gibbons, J.D. (1976) Nonparametric Methods for Quantitative Analysis. American Sciences Press. Columbus, Ohio. Glass, S.P. and Wright, T.L. (1985) Sex differences in type of extramarital involvement and marital dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 12, 1101- 13. Houston, L.N. (1981) Romanticism and eroticism among black and white college students. Adolescence, 16, 263-72. 9.1 INTRODUCTION Sigusch, V. and Schmidt, G. (1971) Lower-class sexuality: some emotional and social In 1975 Kendon described the literature on human courtship as almost non­ aspects in West German males and fe males. Arch. Sex. Behav., 1, 29-44. existent. Almost ten years later, Hinde (1984) found our knowledge still frag­ Singer, B. (1985a) A comparison of evolutionary and environmental theories of erotic response Part I: Structural fe atures. Joum. Sex Res., 21, 229-57. mentary, and, moreover, in need of an integrative framework. Indeed, most Singer, B. (1985b) A comparison of evolutionary and environmental theories of erotic of what we know about courtship originates from just a handful of direct response Part II: Empirical arenas. Joum. Sex Res., 21, 345-74. observations. What remains consists of interviews carried out at different Symons, D. (1979) The Evolution of Human Sexuality. Oxford University Press, New stages of courtship. There are at least two reasons for this situation. First, it York. seems to be difficult to obtain sufficient and convincing data, despite inform­ Symons, D. (1980) The evolution of human sexuality revisted. Behav. BrainSci., 3, 203- ation gathered by questionnaires. Second, cross-cultural comparisons seem to 14. show that the behavioural variability is high. Moreover, courtship seems to Symons, D. (1987a) Can Darwin's view oflife shed light on human sexuality? In: Theories have undergone historical change (Cook, 1981), even though, as a result of of Human Sexuality (eds J.H. Geer and W.T. O'Donohue), Plenum, New York, biological restraints, courtship behaviour appears to be a bastion for the strict pp. 91-125. performance of stereotyped gender role behaviour. In this chapter I consider Symons, D. (1987b) If we're all Darwinians, what's the fu ss about? In: Sociobio{ogy and existing data and develop empirically testable hypotheses in the light of socio­ Psychology: Ideas, Issues andApplications(eds C. Crawford, M. Smith and D. Krebs), Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 121-46. biological and cognitive theory. In this way I hope to focus on the study of this Townsend, J,M. (1987) Sex differences in sexuality among medical students: effects of important aspect of human life. increasing socioeconomic status. Arch. Sex. Behav., 16, 425-41. Trivers, R.L. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Sexual Selection and the 9.2 BIOLOGICAL THESES: CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND THE BATTLE OF Descent of Man 1871-1971 (ed. B. Campbell), Aldine, Chicago, pp. 136-79. THE SEXES Wilson, G.D. (1981) Cross-generational stability of gender differences in sexuality. Person. Individ. DifJ., 2, 254-7. From a biological point of view, the ultimate function of courtship is the Wilson, G.D. (1987) Male-female differences in sexual activity, enjoyment and fantasies. maximation/optimization of the reproductive success of the individuals Person. Individ. DifJ., 8, 125-7. involved. Genotypic and phenotypic traits which guarantee this success are distributed unequally in a population (i.e. mates differ in quality). Thus the selection of an appropriate mate will become the main theme of courtship. + Human courtship behaviour The cognitive basis of decision processes in courtship This first requirement generates sexual attraction for partners whose charac­ Nevertheless, we assume that paternal care (under given ecological condi­ teristics, when transmitted to their offspring, will increase the reproductive tions) does constitute a necessity for the rate of offspring survival. success of the latter. These basic conditions should lead to intrasexual compe­ This theoretical assumption about intrasexual competition and intersexual tition for mates in both sexes. conflict leads to the following ultimate considerations (Hinde, 1984). Intrasexual competition then would accentuate advertisement for those Although females should compete for males, they should be choosey. The phenotypic traits signalling mate quality.
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